{"type":"collection","name":"Home","items":[{"type":"collection","title":"Civil Rights","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-civil-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/22800371_3aa694cc98_o-e1438903218488-350x217.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/22800371_3aa694cc98_o-e1438903218488.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Asian American & Pacific Islander Rights","url":"\/asian-american-pacific-islander-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aapi-bernie-1-350x105.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aapi-bernie-1.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Asian American & Pacific Islander Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"\"profoundly broken,”supports immigration reformroughly 11 million undocumented peoplelabor exploitation“hundreds of new judges”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1111737868710490112","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113071717742792704","start":20,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/11\/us-metro-areas-unauthorized-immigrants\/","start":47,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/working\/entry\/18944\/bernie-sanders-coalition-immokalee-workers-florida-tomato-pickers","start":85,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-fox-town-hall-immigration_n_5cb50544e4b082aab08ab77a","start":103,"end":127}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Racism & Exploitation","links":[{"href":"#racism-and-exploitation","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Inequality","links":[{"href":"#economic-inequality","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","links":[{"href":"#education","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"#immigration","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Health & Human Services","links":[{"href":"#health-and-human-services","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Racism & Exploitation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Huh? How are AAPI stereotypes related to those policies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"challenges that many AAPIs face “model minority” myth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/AAPI-IncomePoverty.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.tolerance.org\/magazine\/what-is-the-model-minority-myth","start":32,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"International trade agreements Bernie has pointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#trade-with-China","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/106\/bills\/hres479\/BILLS-106hres479ih.pdf","start":30,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that’s a lot to take in. What are some specific examples of this exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"On Immigration, Bernie Sanders is Correct","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/bernie-sanders-is-correct-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"avoid hiring replaced their existing workforce with guestworkers legally paid tens of thousands of dollars less mistreated filthy basements paid $1 an hour coerced into “sex slavery.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dan-rather\/help-not-wanted_b_761132.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/04\/us\/last-task-after-layoff-at-disney-train-foreign-replacements.html?_r=0","start":13,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/new-data-infosys-tata-abuse-h-1b-program\/","start":65,"end":111},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/10\/17\/us\/hershey-foreign-exchange-students-pleas-were-ignored.html","start":112,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/photos.pennlive.com\/4503\/gallery\/mcdonalds_foreign_student_guest_workers_locked_out_of_basement_home\/index.html#\/0","start":123,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/freedomnetworkusa.org\/app\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Human-Trafficking-and-J-1-Visas-May2018.pdf","start":140,"end":155},{"href":"https:\/\/centralusa.salvationarmy.org\/stopit\/news\/from-au-pair-to-trafficking-survivor-the-exploitation-of-j1-visa-holders\/","start":156,"end":183}],"type":"p"},{"text":"nonimmigrant visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/dam\/visas\/Statistics\/AnnualReports\/FY2018AnnualReport\/FY18AnnualReport%20-%20TableIII.pdf","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie want to fix this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"H-1B and L-1 Visa Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1035","start":0,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increasing American Wages and Benefits Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-111s2910is\/pdf\/BILLS-111s2910is.pdf","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"H-1B guest worker programpointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/top-10-h1b-guestworker-offshore-outsourcing\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/2916827\/bernie-sanders-h-1b-skeptic.html","start":25,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"exploitation“close to slavery.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/bernie-sanders-is-correct-on-immigration\/","start":12,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported visa reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 changes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00168","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744:","start":5,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":86,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"further proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/guide-s744-understanding-2013-senate-immigration-bill","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredwhich aimed to raise","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/600","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/a-balancing-act-for-h-1b-visas\/","start":12,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about more explicit forms of exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"labor and sex traffickingprofitable403,000 peoplethe vast majority of victims of traffickingchildrenfoster care system South Asian countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/glotip\/2018\/GLOTiP_2018_BOOK_web_small.pdf","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/14\/human-sex-trafficking-us-slavery\/","start":25,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/2018\/findings\/country-studies\/united-states\/","start":35,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/human-trafficking-modern-enslavement-immigrant-women-united-states","start":49,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/arkofhopeforchildren.org\/child-trafficking\/child-trafficking-statistics","start":92,"end":100},{"href":"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2019-Trafficking-in-Persons-Report.pdf","start":100,"end":118},{"href":"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/Studies\/TOCTA_EAP_web.pdf","start":118,"end":139}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported many anti-trafficking bills Victims of Trafficking & Violence Protection Act of 2000 Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons T visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22traffick%22%2C%22anti%20trafficking%22%5D%2C%22within%22%3A%5B%22traffick%22%2C%22anti%20trafficking%22%5D%7D&searchResultViewType=expanded","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-106hr3244enr\/pdf\/BILLS-106hr3244enr.pdf","start":38,"end":94},{"href":"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/tip\/index.htm","start":95,"end":146},{"href":"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/humanitarian\/victims-human-trafficking-other-crimes\/victims-human-trafficking-t-nonimmigrant-status","start":147,"end":154}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/images\/e4j\/TiPandSoM\/module_6_figure_1.PNG","type":"img","width":947,"height":594},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/e4j\/en\/tip-and-som\/module-6\/key-issues\/crime-of-trafficking-in-persons.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Do our international trade agreements have anything to do with labor trafficking?","type":"h3"},{"text":"labor trafficking40.3 million people into modern slavery feed into human rights abuseslabor supply chain","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/orr\/fact_sheet_labor_trafficking_english.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/forced-labour\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":18,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/briefingpapers_pntr_china\/","start":57,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/orr\/fact_sheet_labor_trafficking_english.pdf","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called out ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BQQ6USZJWsM","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"§262p–4p: Encouragement of Fair Labor Practices","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2002-title22\/pdf\/USCODE-2002-title22-chap7-sec262p-4p.pdf","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done more recently to end U.S. involvement in worker exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15 labor trafficking bills Decent Working Conditions and Fair Competition Act Senate hearing Trans-Pacific PartnershipTrans-Pacific Partnership is more of the same, but even worseTrans-Pacific PartnershipDay of Action Against Pacific Trade Pact","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?q=%7B%22search%22%3A[%22sweatshop%22]%2C%22within%22%3A[%22sweatshop%22]%2C%22type%22%3A%22bills%22%7D","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/367","start":27,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CHRG-110shrg74106\/pdf\/CHRG-110shrg74106.pdf","start":78,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#the-trans-pacific-partnership","start":93,"end":118},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/776111579058364420","start":119,"end":180},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-trans-pacific-partnership","start":180,"end":205},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-joins-day-of-action-against-pacific-trade-pact","start":205,"end":245}],"type":"p"},{"text":"in a letter regularly exploits workers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/050615-scan\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/nike-factory-workers-still-work-long-days-low-wages-asia-1110129","start":12,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pushes for fair regulations Trade issue page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2071","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":28,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Inequality","type":"h2"},{"text":"extremely wealthy financial bailouts to large banks billions to be spent on lobbying and political campaignsrebalance our economy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/#fixing-the-tax-code-for-citizens-corporations-and-banks","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":18,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","start":52,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":109,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how do AAPIs fit into this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"about 20 milliondiverse higher rates of education and incomesubpopulations","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/faces\/tableservices\/jsf\/pages\/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP05&src=pt","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/topics\/asian-americans\/","start":17,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2012\/06\/19\/the-rise-of-asian-americans\/","start":24,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/29646f09-bf04-4f11-a12f-544b27a3a85f\/aapi-fact-sheet-final.pdf","start":61,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/aapi-fact-sheet-final-pdf.png","type":"img","width":598,"height":751},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/29646f09-bf04-4f11-a12f-544b27a3a85f\/aapi-fact-sheet-final.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"median incomes range widely","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/29646f09-bf04-4f11-a12f-544b27a3a85f\/aapi-fact-sheet-final.pdf","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"homeownership rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/housing\/hvs\/files\/currenthvspress.pdf","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12% of the unauthorized (or undocumented) population Immigration higher unemployment rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sahra-vang-nguyen\/5-terrifying-facts-about-_b_5670005.html","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"#immigration","start":53,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ib323-asian-american-unemployment\/","start":65,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/20140828-AAPI-pdf.png","type":"img","width":612,"height":502},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/_sec\/media\/reports\/20140828-AAPI.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how is Bernie fighting to get AAPIs fair access to equal employment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"promoted minority-owned businesses since 1998 to create 13 million new jobs infrastructure Equal Employment for All Act of 2015 unions many levels","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-106hres184ih\/pdf\/BILLS-106hres184ih.pdf","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":45,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":75,"end":89},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1981\/text","start":90,"end":126},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":127,"end":133},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/unions-aapi-2011-01.pdf","start":134,"end":145}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"How are AAPIs doing in school as much as in the workplace, huh?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher levels of educational attainment mask continuing disparitiesaccess to good schools, other groups do not.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/29646f09-bf04-4f11-a12f-544b27a3a85f\/aapi-fact-sheet-final.pdf","start":0,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/asian-american-success-and-the-pitfalls-of-generalization\/","start":67,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Reeves-42016003.png?w=768&crop=0%2C0px%2C100%2C9999px&ssl=1","type":"img","width":768,"height":626},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/asian-american-success-and-the-pitfalls-of-generalization\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1373","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Higher Education Opportunity Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/110\/plaws\/publ315\/PLAW-110publ315.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act of 2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/111\/bills\/s729\/BILLS-111s729is.pdf","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/hyphenmagazine.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/feature\/magazine\/issue-25-generation\/dreams-deferred\/undocumented-students.jpg","type":"img","width":510,"height":615},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hyphenmagazine.com\/magazine\/issue-25-generation-spring-2012\/dreams-deferred","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pretty impressive. Does Bernie want to help AAPI students before college too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education plan for public educationreinvestrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":78,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":88,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Secondary School Reentry Act of 2011DIPLOMA Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/1019\/text","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2849\/text","start":37,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","type":"h2"},{"text":"Wait, I thought immigration was mostly a Latino issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"region of birth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/09\/06132753\/PH_2016-Foreign-Born-Statistical-Portraits_Current-Data_2_Foreign-born-by-birth-region.png","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/assets.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2018\/09\/PH_2016-Foreign-Born-Statistical-Portraits_Current-Data_2_Foreign-born-by-birth-region.png","type":"img","width":463,"height":415},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/09\/14\/2016-statistical-information-on-foreign-born-in-united-states\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a larger number of Asian immigrants","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/06\/19\/us\/asians-surpass-hispanics-as-biggest-immigrant-wave.html","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/FT_19.06.17_KeyFindingsImmigrants_Update_Among-immigrant-arrivals-Asians-outnumber-Hispanics.png?resize=612,1024","type":"img","width":612,"height":1024},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/06\/17\/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many AAPIs are undocumented?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1.2 million arrive legally","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hyphenmagazine.com\/magazine\/issue-25-generation\/dreams-deferred","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/national\/archive\/2013\/05\/for-asian-undocumented-immigrants-a-life-of-secrecy\/275829\/","start":12,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What types of opportunities are limited for undocumented people, including AAPIs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"attend college, travel, or even drive restaurateurs nail salon owners negative impact on our economy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sahra-vang-nguyen\/5-terrifying-facts-about-_b_5670005.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2014\/10\/13\/cooka%C2%80%C2%99s-tale","start":37,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/10\/nyregion\/at-nail-salons-in-nyc-manicurists-are-underpaid-and-unprotected.html","start":51,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dreamact\/dream-correcting-myths-misperceptions\/","start":70,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that does seem like a pretty pervasive problem. So how has Bernie helped AAPI immigration, specifically?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Chinese Student Protection Act cosponsored legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/102nd-congress\/senate-bill\/1216","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/108th-congress\/house-bill\/3987","start":31,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raise scholarship money for Korean orphans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Okay, but our immigration system is still pretty messed up. How does Bernie plan to fix it moving forward?","type":"h3"},{"text":"concrete plans to reform immigrationimmigration programs 1.2 million who immediately met the criteriaDREAMERs help create better living situations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":37,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/research\/daca-two-year-mark-national-and-state-profile-youth-eligible-and-applying-deferred-action","start":57,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/#dream-act","start":102,"end":110},{"href":"http:\/\/asianjournal.com\/editorial\/what-2015-has-in-store-for-many-undocumented-filipinos-in-california\/","start":110,"end":146}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Health & Human Services","type":"h2"},{"text":"Why do AAPIs need various ways to access these services?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 AAPI households are linguistically isolateddifficult for the individuals but also for the children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/aapidata.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/AAPIReport-comp.pdf","start":1,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3499731\/","start":51,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislationofficial U.S. languageNational Voter Registration Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/110th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1151","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pennlive.com\/editorials\/2011\/11\/making_english_the_official_la.html","start":12,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-103hr2rfs\/pdf\/BILLS-103hr2rfs.pdf","start":34,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"often tricky due to language barriers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalcapacd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/scrimpingsaving_full_report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about access to healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"and cancer screeningsdiscusses healthcare with AAPI community","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/meps.ahrq.gov\/mepsweb\/data_files\/publications\/st173\/stat173.shtml","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AsianAmericansForBernie\/videos\/581920628643236\/","start":21,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cultural stigma","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mhanational.org\/issues\/asian-americanpacific-islander-communities-and-mental-health","start":1,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored the Mental Health in Schools Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/195\/text","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"American Health Security Act of 2013 Asian American Health Coalition","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s1782\/BILLS-113s1782is.pdf","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.houstonchronicle.com\/business\/medical\/article\/Feds-giving-5M-to-community-health-centers-in-6243980.php","start":37,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"provide health insurance to all Americans plans for healthcare reform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1782\/text","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":41,"end":68}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Black Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-black-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/14995532669_c7b96184cb_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/14995532669_c7b96184cb_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Black Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"long historyfighting for social equalitya record that goes back to the early 1960s student leader of the Congress of Racial Equality arrested for protesting institutional segregationmarched on Washington","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2019\/03\/bernie-sanders-chicago-speech-university-activism-core-ypsl\/","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116491116793212929","start":12,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116491116793212929","start":40,"end":82},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","start":82,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","start":132,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/082513","start":182,"end":203}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposed the 1991 crime billhighest scores given to a U.S. Senator100 percent score from the NAACP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/acl18002_legislative_report_card_v2.pdf","start":28,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/interest-group\/893\/rating\/11075?p=3&of=#.XNECCC2ZNp8","start":66,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“disparity within the disparity.” racial economic disparities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/2020-election\/chicago-sanders-signals-his-intent-reach-black-voters-n978771","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/People4Bernie\/status\/1117190418922266624","start":34,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","links":[{"href":"#education","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Crime & Social Justice","links":[{"href":"#crime-and-social-justice","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Income Equality & The Racial Wealth Gap 51 percentrepair the racial wealth gapend the institutional racism in the financial services industry","links":[{"href":"#income-inequality-racial-wealth-gap","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/244315-sanders-youth-employment-a-national-tragedy","start":39,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1114198592800079872","start":50,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1114548314895085568","start":78,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infant Mortality Rate of Black Children & Death Rate of Black Mothers","links":[{"href":"#infant-mortality-rate","start":0,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reparations","links":[{"href":"#reparations","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"racial justice plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"education particularly access to higher educationfully funding Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":10,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118882608585351168","start":50,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the barriers to college that are particular to black students?","type":"h3"},{"text":"community colleges two-year degree enroll part-time not enroll as full-time studentsless likely to graduate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ccrc.tc.columbia.edu\/Community-College-FAQs.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/race-gap-narrows-in-college-enrollment-but-not-in-graduation\/","start":19,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/race-gap-narrows-in-college-enrollment-but-not-in-graduation\/","start":35,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/race-gap-narrows-in-college-enrollment-but-not-in-graduation\/","start":52,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/race-gap-narrows-in-college-enrollment-but-not-in-graduation\/","start":85,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one hurdle attend an elite research university twice as likely to be unemployed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-09-02\/student-debt-affects-black-students-more-than-other-racial-groups","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/digest\/d12\/tables\/dt12_268.asp","start":11,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nationaljournal.com\/next-america\/education\/african-americans-with-college-degrees-are-twice-as-likely-to-be-unemployed-as-other-graduates-20140527","start":47,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a second… doesn’t affirmative action make it easier for black students to get scholarships?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many myths","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/secure.understandingprejudice.org\/readroom\/articles\/affirm.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"disproportionate share of scholarships more likely to receive scholarship money white students get about 76 percent of all financial aid 40 percent more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.finaid.org\/scholarships\/20110902racescholarships.pdf","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150322032346\/http:\/\/californiawatch.org\/dailyreport\/study-white-students-more-likely-win-scholarships-12525","start":39,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.finaid.org\/scholarships\/20110902racescholarships.pdf","start":80,"end":136},{"href":"http:\/\/www.finaid.org\/scholarships\/20110902racescholarships.pdf","start":137,"end":152}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the story with black colleges? Do they address these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"is 82 percent white there are not enough of them","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/2907332\/historically-black-colleges-increasingly-serve-white-students\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150502051843\/http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/edblogs\/whhbcu\/files\/2014\/09\/HBCU-Directory.pdf","start":20,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What Is Bernie’s Plan For HBCUs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"make large investments in HBCUscosponsor of S.461aim of this legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118882608585351168","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/461\/cosponsors","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/thegrio.com\/2019\/02\/18\/senate-approves-bills-to-strengthen-federal-support-for-hbcus\/","start":49,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is segregation in the U.S. education system still an issue today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highly segregated battled institutional segregation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/americas-public-schools-remain-highly-segregated","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","start":18,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the sit-in Bernie had organized","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/imagesvc.timeincapp.com\/v3\/mm\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftimedotcom.files.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fbernie-sanders-chicago-university-sit-in.jpg&w=800&c=sc&poi=face&q=85","type":"img","width":800,"height":546},{"text":"Besides supporting the civil rights movement early on, what exactly has Bernie done to advocate for affordable, quality education for blacks and others?","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Arguing that ”the most formative years of a child’s life is from zero to four years of age,” Bernie wants to make universal pre-kindergarten available for all children — a program he was able to initiate in his home state of Vermont. Early childhood education not only helps children develop and learn, but it’s closely correlated to higher economic and educational attainment later in life. Unfortunately, access to quality Pre-K education is too expensive for most Americans to afford.","In 2006, Bernie voted in favor of the Reverse the Raid on Student Aid Act, in order to lower student loan interest rates and boost the college participation rates of low-income black and Latino students.","Bernie co-sponsored and advocated for the Student Loan Affordability Act of 2013, which would have extended the reduced interest rate for Federal Direct Stafford Loans. These rates would have benefited black college students as they disproportionately borrow the most for college loans.","Bernie has consistently argued for student loan forgiveness and spoken out against the fact that the federal government makes billions of dollars in profits on this debt."]},{"text":"Education Economic Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/#economic-justice","start":9,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Crime & Social Justice","type":"h2"},{"text":"This video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cGFdIEZRH5k","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more than five times as likely","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Black-Disparities-in-Youth-Incarceration.pdf","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"calling","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IiJn63y3TF0?t=1h7m21s","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That sounds bad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"decreased literacy rates lower grades drop out committing more crime","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151018163640\/https:\/\/education.uic.edu\/news-events\/news\/uic-reading-clinic-hosts-literacy-workshop-boys-justice-system","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3108448\/","start":25,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/studies\/government\/criminal-justice\/juvenile-incarceration-long-term-consequences","start":38,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/newsoffice.mit.edu\/2015\/juvenile-incarceration-less-schooling-more-crime-0610","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But isn’t the justice system meant to protect all citizens?","type":"h3"},{"text":"victims killed by police 40 percent of unarmed individuals killed self-reported","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/4\/10\/8382457\/police-shootings-racism","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/national\/2015\/08\/08\/black-and-unarmed\/","start":25,"end":65},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2014\/09\/08\/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows\/","start":66,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what has Bernie done in order to protect and advocate for criminal justice reform with regard to black Americans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"school-to-prison pipeline youth employment education voted to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/sanders-says-government-jobs-can-help-stop-the-school-to-prison-pipeline\/article\/2567888","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":26,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":43,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2000\/roll317.xml#Y","start":53,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Restoration Act one in 13 black Americansreinstatement of the Voting Rights Act.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":26,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":52,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"restoring the voting rights of all felonsHe believes we should","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1099313156004950016","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":41,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So the Boston Bomber would be able to vote?","type":"h3"},{"text":"~20,000 prisoners","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.innocenceproject.org\/how-many-innocent-people-are-in-prison\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This idea sounds radical.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Maine and VermontCanada and Israel","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/politics-news\/states-rethink-prisoner-voting-rights-incarceration-rates-rise-n850406","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-prisoner-felon-voting-plan-similar-to-canada-israel-2019-4?r=US&IR=T","start":17,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice Racial Justice Bernie’s racial justice platform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":17,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":32,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Income Inequality & The Racial Wealth Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"get paid lessbegins to narrow average $29,200 per year as a white male who never graduated even worse","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x","start":1,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/11\/business\/economy\/a-simple-equation-more-education-more-income.html","start":14,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/trends.collegeboard.org\/sites\/default\/files\/education-pays-2013-full-report.pdf","start":30,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/education\/2014\/06\/25\/3452887\/education-race-gap\/","start":55,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/trends.collegeboard.org\/sites\/default\/files\/education-pays-2013-full-report.pdf","start":91,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are black Americans less likely to get a job than white Americans, all things being equal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has told us 12.4 percent compared to 5.6 percent 51 percent called","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-questions-morality-of-us-economy.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cepr.net\/documents\/black-coll-grads-2014-05.pdf","start":19,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/young-black-high-school-grads-face-astonishing-underemployment\/","start":56,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/244315-sanders-youth-employment-a-national-tragedy","start":67,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why? Do blacks spend less time looking for jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"previously","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-black-rights\/#crime-and-social-justice","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/files\/2009\/11\/Pager-500x393.jpg","type":"img","width":500,"height":393},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2015\/04\/03\/race-criminal-background-and-employment\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less access to higher education higher unemployment and lower earnings","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-black-rights\/#education","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm","start":31,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"50 percent less likely to get emailed or called back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/punditfact\/statements\/2015\/mar\/15\/jalen-ross\/black-name-resume-50-percent-less-likely-get-respo\/","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"inherent racial bias conducted a three-year study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/01\/04\/upshot\/the-measuring-sticks-of-racial-bias-.html?abt=0002&abg=1","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/csgjusticecenter.org\/reentry\/posts\/researchers-examine-effects-of-a-criminal-record-on-prospects-for-employment\/","start":20,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But it’s not just about getting a job. It’s about getting a good job, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s opinion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H-1O0hJVwSc?t=2m8s","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"14 percent of blacks 6 percent number-one issue","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/faq\/who-are-working-poor","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/faq\/who-are-working-poor","start":21,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/183572\/race-divides-views-race-relations-top-problem.aspx","start":32,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"  as Bernie puts it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LOqaeZNwIEc","start":1,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more than double the federal minimum infrastructure employment bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":37,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":52,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If black Americans made the same amount of money as white Americans, would economic inequality issues affecting blacks be resolved?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Yale study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150810153107\/http:\/\/islandia.law.yale.edu\/ayres\/Ayres%20Siegelman%20Race%20and%20Gender%20Discrimination%20In%20Bargaining%20%20for%20a%20New%20Car.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"21 percent higher chance 17.7 percent fewer homes than whites","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ecoj.12082\/abstract","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/Publications\/pdf\/HUD-514_HDS2012.pdf","start":25,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie want to do about income and wealth disparity among blacks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"parallel and interrelated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/meet-the-press\/bernie-sanders-racism-economic-inequality-are-parallel-problems-n398581","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hk8TwjW4cv0","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s speech","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hk8TwjW4cv0","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie was there the promotional pamphlet for the march","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4Tr8DEQl034","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=gBH5GRFw-fkC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=twin+evils+of+discrimination+and+economic+deprivation&source=bl&ots=aQ7FGfj6c8&sig=-d4xKmOp9lj_3ip9X6qCYWcF9tY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIgK_utYiWxwIVCx4eCh1hFwXK#v=onepage&q=twin%20evils%20of%20discrimination%20and%20economic%20deprivation&f=false","start":17,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Racial Justice issue pagethe entire SCLC speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hk8TwjW4cv0","start":25,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, so Bernie sees economic inequality as a racial justice issue. Where do I learn more about what he’s going to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"progressive tax reform social safety net programs strengthening workers’ rights creating more and better jobsreforming our criminal justice system addressing racial issues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/#fixing-the-tax-code-for-citizens-corporations-and-banks","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","start":23,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":50,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-job-creation\/","start":80,"end":109},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","start":110,"end":147},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":147,"end":171}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infant Mortality Rate of Black Children & Death Rate of Black Mothers ","type":"h2"},{"text":"die at a higher rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/minorityhealth.hhs.gov\/omh\/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=23","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"dying while giving birthrisingconsiderably higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/2018\/12\/maternal-mortality-usa-health-motherhood\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Freproductivehealth%2Fmaternalinfanthealth%2Fpmss.html#trends","start":24,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Freproductivehealth%2Fmaternalinfanthealth%2Fpmss.html#trends","start":30,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"three times more likely to die","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/05\/07\/health\/pregnancy-deaths-.html","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Maternal CARE Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/3363","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reparations","type":"h2"},{"text":"ten times more wealthy than the median black household","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/11\/01\/how-wealth-inequality-has-changed-in-the-u-s-since-the-great-recession-by-race-ethnicity-and-income\/","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan to address lasting inequalities from the legacy of slavery?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie expressed supportJim Clyburn’s 10-20-30 proposal","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.postandcourier.com\/politics\/sc-s-clyburn-pans-reparations-opportunity-zones-as-unable-to\/article_3bb2e8ba-3eb3-11e9-b75a-a376c84be23f.html","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/clyburn.house.gov\/10-20-30-amendment","start":24,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie also supports H.R.40","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/bernie-sanders-says-there-should-be-a-study-on-slavery-reparations-162826965.html","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has the United States paid reparations to other disenfranchised groups?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Japanese Americans have been paid reparationsalso received reparations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/1999\/2\/18\/wwii_reparations_japanese_american_internees","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/issues\/u-s-to-pay-out-new-reparations-for-holocaust\/","start":45,"end":70}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Criminal Justice","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_12801-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_12801.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Criminal Justice","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Incarceration","links":[{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Police Reform","links":[{"href":"#police-reform","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Cash Bail","links":[{"href":"#end-cash-bail","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prison Reform","links":[{"href":"#prison-reform","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Capital Punishment","links":[{"href":"#capital-punishment","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Violent Crimegoing down and has been for decades","links":[{"href":"#violent-crime","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/01\/03\/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/","start":13,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Incarceration","type":"h2"},{"text":"2.3 million 4.6 millionover-incarceration is a misguided policy disproportionately targets people of color and the poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":11,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":23,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IiJn63y3TF0&feature=youtu.be&t=1h7m20s","start":63,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Start from the beginning. How many people are incarcerated in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"prison population global prison population go to jail 10.6 million times","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/massincarceration_problems.pdf","start":18,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":43,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/pie2019.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"4.6 million people on probation and parole correctional control calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":42,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":63,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/pie2019_correctional_control.png","type":"img","width":866,"height":644},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2018.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/state_driver_rates_1925-2015.png","type":"img","width":800,"height":600},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/graphs\/state_driver_rates_1925-2015.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that’s quite an increase. ","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/money2017.png","type":"img","width":800,"height":1600},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/money.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does prison rehabilitate people and reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"have decreased literacy rates limited access to education unsafe conditions makes it harder to get a job","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":58,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":76,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"68 percent of released prisoners","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/corrections\/recidivism\/pages\/welcome.aspx#statistics","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2014 National Research Council report recommended","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/18613\/chapter\/1","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/18613\/chapter\/1","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about how mass incarceration affects people of color.","type":"h3"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many thingsbarriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":43,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":74,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":102,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about the Crime Bill ","type":"h3"},{"text":"several versionscrime billJoe Biden","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/102\/s1241","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/s1607","start":16,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=lsK3aaYq9zA","start":26,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Senator Joe Bidenpushed1994 Crime Bill$10 billion in funding for prisons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=Wsq30E6OSVU","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/news.grabien.com\/story-flashback-joe-biden-brags-every-major-crime-bill-has-his-nam","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr3355","start":23,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/txtfiles\/billfs.txt","start":38,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Did the bill work to reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Not really an impressive, comprehensive study They found2015 Brennan Center report2017 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/pennsylvania\/statements\/2016\/apr\/08\/bill-clinton\/fact-checking-bill-clintons-philly-defense-his-con\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vtlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/18613.pdf","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2014\/09\/12\/347736999\/20-years-later-major-crime-bill-viewed-as-terrible-mistake","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/analysis\/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf","start":56,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":82,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie have to say about the bill at the time?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a punishment bill, a retribution bill, a vengeance bill.see below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","start":56,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Bernie was so against this bill, why did he vote for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Violence Against Women Act Bernie said at the time","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nowldef.org\/history-vawa","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wuenGIA3YwI","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie said about mass incarceration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"South Carolina spends more money on prisons than schoolscost of keeping people locked up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118893087542120449","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/opinion\/2019\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-heres-what-has-change-south-carolina-and-nation\/3495182002\/","start":56,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unspeakable tragedy one in three black males more likely to be","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/dc-politics\/bernie-sanders-asks-congress-to-spend-55-billion-on-1-million-jobs-for-youths\/2015\/06\/04\/0354e9dc-0ae6-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.naacp.org\/pages\/criminal-justice-fact-sheet","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":44,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"June 2015 Senate address","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie propose we do about all this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Reduce the number of people in jails","type":"h4"},{"text":"ban private prisonsending cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":19,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yes an appropriations bill study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/cgi-bin\/vote.asp?year=2000&rollnumber=317","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/4690\/text","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/238012.pdf","start":33,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a costly and destructive and ineffective the rising rates of heroin use","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/heroin\/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states","start":41,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legalize marijuanaend the prohibition of cannabis2019 legislation to legalize marijuana","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237","start":18,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/28\/cory-booker-introduces-bill-to-legalize-marijuana-nationwide.html","start":49,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Drug Policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported has been shown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00110","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/183644.pdf","start":9,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce recidivism rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/news\/local\/south-carolina\/2019\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-spartanburg-greenville-sc\/3514494002\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"argues are caught in a crisis, particularly in the black communities by the age of 23jobs, not jails\" school-to-prison pipeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=13WBk90ZLcs#t=0m38s","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/citing-crisis-in-ferguson-sanders-to-propose-youth-jobs-bill","start":6,"end":67},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/01\/08\/us-usa-race-arrests-idUSBREA071FJ20140108","start":68,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":85,"end":100},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=04pcSyzwoTg","start":102,"end":127}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["A massive infrastructure bill that would put millions of Americans to work on rebuilding America’s crumbling infrastructure.","A Green New Deal, which would transform our economy and create thousands of jobs. ","A plan to provide job training for at-risk youths. ","Raise the minimum wage to $15. ","The Free College For All Act to make all public colleges and universities tuition-free, so that everyone can afford a higher education."]},{"text":"Improve education ","type":"h4"},{"text":"plan to reform the education systemreinvestilliteracy and crime are closely related60 percent of prisoners85 percent of juveniles70 percent of inmates cannot read above a fourth grade levelDepartment of Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":35,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/09\/27\/us\/education-lessons.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=BC8DEC69DEEEE807A66A5AE8AEAF14DB&gwt=pay","start":43,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":83,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":106,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":129,"end":189},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/Digitization\/141324NCJRS.pdf","start":189,"end":210}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stop discrimination against people with criminal records","type":"h4"},{"text":"put an end to the discrimination people with criminal records faceEducation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":66,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Employment Minimum Wage Racial Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":17,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":30,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Police Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the scope of the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Eric Garner Tamir RiceWalter Scott Sandra Bland many, many, more murder of Michael Brown Black Lives Matter movement. chilling images","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnewyork.com\/news\/local\/Eric-Garner-Chokehold-Police-Custody-Cause-of-Death-Staten-Island-Medical-Examiner-269396151.html","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/jun\/11\/tamir-rice-police-officer-murder-charge","start":12,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2015\/04\/07\/south-carolina-police-officer-will-be-charged-with-murder-after-shooting\/","start":23,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/newly-released-dashcam-video-shows-sandra-bland-arrest-n396191","start":35,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/gawker.com\/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349","start":48,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/2014\/08\/us\/ferguson-brown-timeline\/","start":65,"end":88},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-partisan\/wp\/2015\/02\/27\/from-trayvon-martin-to-black-lives-matter\/","start":89,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537","start":118,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/264553\/fergusoncops.jpg?w=737&f=4c271fc914ef72ba8e02b381e8fc2953","type":"img","width":737,"height":448},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"police killed nearly 1,000 peoplePolice killed 1,165 peopleare on average 35 years oldChicago alone spent $500 million from 2011 -2018 maps police violence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/investigations\/nationwide-police-shot-and-killed-nearly-1000-people-in-2017\/2018\/01\/04\/4eed5f34-e4e9-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html?utm_term=.5ddc1b6ffc2b","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theroot.com\/here-s-how-many-people-police-killed-in-2018-1831469528","start":34,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2018\/05\/the-57375-years-of-life-lost-to-police-violence\/559835\/","start":60,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagoreporter.com\/chicago-spent-more-than-113-million-on-police-misconduct-lawsuits-in-2018\/","start":87,"end":135},{"href":"https:\/\/mappingpoliceviolence.org\/","start":136,"end":156}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some instances of institutional discrimination against African Americans and Hispanics by the police?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Black drivers are stopped by the police at higher rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/5harad.com\/papers\/100M-stops.pdf","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"searched more often","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2017\/06\/statistical-analysis-of-data-from-20-states-suggests-evidence-of-racially-biased-policing.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the hard numbers behind how police violence disproportionately affects people of color?","type":"h3"},{"text":"victims killed by police 40 percent of unarmed individuals","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/nibrs\/addendum-for-submitting-cargo-theft-data\/shr","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/national\/2015\/08\/08\/black-and-unarmed\/","start":25,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"twice their rate in the general population","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/police-killing-of-blacks\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/files\/2018\/03\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-10-at-10.38.45-AM.png","type":"img","width":1950,"height":1092},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/police-killing-of-blacks\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"self-reported","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/us-police-killings-what-the-data-tells-us-563f8b052452","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"July 2015 speech Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/sclcnational.org\/our-history\/","start":17,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continued","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"not isolated incidents and are not a new problem,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-draws-thousands-to-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie propose we do to deter police misconduct?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken very strongly police accountability believingStrong citizens review boards","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LtkGLk7M7zs","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=35&v=EbxobSrrC68#t=0m30s","start":7,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":21,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/economyincrisis.org\/content\/bernie-sanders-lets-focus-on-jobs-not-militarizing-our-police","start":43,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/scholars.org\/brief\/how-civilian-review-boards-can-further-police-accountability-and-improve-community-relations","start":53,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"community policing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-watch\/wp\/2014\/08\/14\/after-ferguson-how-should-police-respond-to-protests\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"as Bernie identifies it","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-speaks\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"community policing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cops.usdoj.gov\/html\/dispatch\/05-2018\/walking_a_beat.html","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase education and training requirements for officers","Train all police in dispute resolution and de-escalation techniques","Taser and pepper spray should not be used to force compliance","Require police to live in the neighborhoods where they patrol ","Recruit from minority neighborhoods.","Allow qualified people with non-violent offenses to become police","Involve the community in decisions affecting their neighborhood ","Cooperate with communities to solve problems "]},{"text":"supporter of police body cameras","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=35&v=EbxobSrrC68t=1m6s","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"For more information read Bernie's comprehensive plan to reform the criminal justice system.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Cash Bail ","type":"h2"},{"text":"465,000 peopleconsequence crime to be poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/blog\/2018\/08\/15\/pretrial\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/cash-bail-reform-myths-criminal-justice\/","start":14,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/its-a-crime-to-be-poor-in-america-bail-reform\/","start":25,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believessaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1127987019391676416","start":8,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prison Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"unconstitutionally bad prison industrial complex federal tax breaks to private prisons reduce recidivism rates more prisons than colleges in the country","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/alabama-prison-conditions-are-unconstitutional-investigation-finds-2019-05-15\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":22,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/washwire\/2015\/03\/01\/sanders-to-obama-dont-wait-for-congress-on-tax-overhauls\/","start":48,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d110:SN01060:@@@L&summ2=m&","start":86,"end":109},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/01\/06\/the-u-s-has-more-jails-than-colleges-heres-a-map-of-where-those-prisoners-live\/","start":110,"end":151}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is the prison system itself a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"risen 790 percent 37 percentdo little to benefit their local communities promisesabysmal conditions very likely to get rearrested","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42937.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/03\/09\/for-profit-prisons-are-bad-but-the-drug-war-is-the-problem.html","start":18,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/essay\/Private-Prisons-Negativly-Impact-State-and-Local-PKCYYLNYTJ","start":29,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/11\/05\/142058047\/who-benefits-when-a-private-prison-comes-to-town","start":73,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":82,"end":100},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/corrections\/recidivism\/pages\/welcome.aspx#statistics","start":100,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie do to reform the prison system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"tax loophole Justice is Not For Sale Act of 2015banned private prisonswatch him introduce the bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-obama-to-close-six-egregious-corporate-tax-loopholes","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/summary-of-justice-is-not-for-sale-?inline=file","start":13,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/summary-of-justice-is-not-for-sale-?inline=file","start":49,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-A8HgT7Pp_Q","start":71,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/sponsor-content\/2016\/02\/we-must-end-for-profit-prisons","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Private prisons harm minorities ","Prisoners are abused: underfed, assaulted, patients are abused, assaults encouraged","Immigrants are being victimized ","The prisons profit from abuse and mistreatment","Prison industry money is corrupting the political process","The prison lobby influences prison policy and immigration policy","Prison families are being exploited","Young people are being mistreated and exploited"]},{"text":"May 2019, he wrote an essay","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/@SenSanders\/abolish-for-profit-prisons-cb9496f93a0b","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"nationwide strike","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/aug\/20\/prison-labor-protest-america-jailhouse-lawyers-speak","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"thrown in solitary confinementgovernment markets prison laborbusinesses very low or no wageswork that includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/aug\/23\/prisoner-speak-out-american-slave-labor-strike","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/8\/24\/17768438\/national-prison-strike-factory-labor","start":30,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ranker.com\/list\/companies-in-the-united-states-that-use-prison-labor\/genevieve-carlton","start":61,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/blog\/2017\/04\/10\/wages\/","start":71,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/8\/24\/17768438\/national-prison-strike-factory-labor","start":92,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Remove other financial incentives to incarcerate","type":"h4"},{"text":"profityouths abusedmistreatedprofits influence over prison policyimmigration policycorrupt the political process","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/grassrootsleadership.org\/reports\/payoff-how-congress-ensures-private-prison-profit-immigrant-detention-quota#1","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/pennsylvania-seeks-close-books-kids-cash-scandal-n408666","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2014\/06\/30\/3454874\/michigan-prisons-aramark-contract\/","start":13,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/prison-doctor-allegedly-took-away-inmates-wheelchair-to-punish-him-for-complaining-about-abuse-6a910a1074a6\/","start":19,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/prison-profiteers\/","start":29,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/hidden-history-alec-and-prison-labor\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/how-us-private-prisons-profit-from-immigrant-detention\/","start":65,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/posteverything\/wp\/2015\/04\/28\/how-for-profit-prisons-have-become-the-biggest-lobby-no-one-is-talking-about\/","start":83,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restore the federal parole system ","type":"h4"},{"text":"The Justice is Not for Sale Act would’ve also","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-house-leaders-introduce-bill-to-ban-private-prisons","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eliminate mandatory minimum sentencing ","type":"h4"},{"text":"alternative sentencing eliminate mandatory minimum sentencing nonviolent drug offenders","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nolo.com\/legal-encyclopedia\/sentencing-alternatives-prison-probation-fines-30294.html","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2015\/07\/23\/bernie_sanders_on_police__prison_reforms_millions_of_lives_have_been_destroyed.html","start":23,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/famm.org\/the-facts-with-sources\/","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Drug Policy issue pageMass Incarceration section","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":22,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give voting rights to prisoners","type":"h4"},{"text":"should be allowed to vote from prisoncounted in the censusgerrymandering toolMaine and Vermont","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2019\/04\/06\/bernie-sanders-says-states-should-felon-voting-rights-election-2020-iowa-caucus\/3388679002\/","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-census-prison-population_n_5a7cb966e4b044b3821b0507","start":37,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonersofthecensus.org\/","start":58,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/politics-news\/states-rethink-prisoner-voting-rights-incarceration-rates-rise-n850406","start":77,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Focus on rehabilitation and reintegration","type":"h3"},{"text":"one of the fewshown to dramatically reduce recidivismLiteracy programs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/election-2016\/20-examples-bernie-sanders-powerful-record-civil-and-human-rights-1950s","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4&feature=youtu.be","start":7,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2013\/08\/22.html","start":15,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/09\/27\/us\/education-lessons.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=BC8DEC69DEEEE807A66A5AE8AEAF14DB&gwt=pay","start":54,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restoring Education and Learning Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2423\/text","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating jobs and job training programs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education Youth Employment Economy pages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":10,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":27,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Capital Punishment","type":"h2"},{"text":"abolish the death penalty2016 the Democratic Party, and Bernie endorsed abolishing the death penalty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/democratic-platform-death-penalty_n_5776d56de4b0a629c1aa0984","start":25,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In response to learning that the 166th innocent prisoner had been freed from death row in the U.S., Bernie simply said, \"Abolish the death penalty.\"","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1143942651999412225","start":120,"end":148}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the death penalty in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"majority of all executions","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"problematic for a number of reasons","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do most Americans feel about the death penalty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"historic lows","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/national-polls-and-studies","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the death penalty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"his own words","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1ABSxeJ4IRc&feature=youtu.be&t=1m9s","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what actions has Bernie taken to reduce the use of capital punishment?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"voted for an amendment to the Crime Bill a bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/103rd-congress\/house-amendment\/503","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll020.xml","start":41,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Civil Asset Forfeitures","type":"h2"},{"text":"Civil forfeiture","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/criminal-law-reform\/reforming-police-practices\/asset-forfeiture-abuse","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I didn’t know this was happening. What is Bernie doing about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"serious reform to civil asset forfeiture","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Violent Crime","type":"h2"},{"text":"Violent crime is going down and has been for decades24,70317,250","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/01\/03\/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/htus8008.pdf","start":52,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/ucr.fbi.gov\/crime-in-the-u.s\/2016\/crime-in-the-u.s.-2016\/tables\/table-1","start":58,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"places with the highest rates of violent crimes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kdvr.com\/2015\/05\/08\/by-the-numbers-here-are-the-most-dangerous-cities-in-america\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.imgur.com\/YLUA0wz.jpg?quality=85&strip=all","type":"img","width":1362,"height":780},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kdvr.com\/2015\/05\/08\/by-the-numbers-here-are-the-most-dangerous-cities-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/prisonphotography.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/prisonpop.jpg?w=498&h=457","type":"img","width":498,"height":457},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisonphotography.org\/2015\/01\/07\/the-u-s-has-more-prisons-than-colleges\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/simplemaps.com\/static\/img\/viz\/unemployment\/unemployment11172016.png","type":"img","width":1557,"height":1065},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/simplemaps.com\/viz\/unemployment","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study2015 Brennan Center report2017 study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vtlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/18613.pdf","start":1,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/analysis\/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf","start":6,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":32,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on gun crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"background checks passing a federal ban on semi-automatic weapons closing loopholes national instant background check system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-rejects-assault-weapons-ban-background-checks","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":18,"end":65},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":66,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16582\/public-safety-and-second-amendment-rights-protection-act#.VbfWO1UViko","start":84,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent interview many perpetrators of mass shootings","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2015\/06\/24\/417180805\/bernie-sanders-walks-a-fine-line-on-gun-control","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.psmag.com\/health-and-behavior\/actually-know-connections-mental-illness-mass-shootings-gun-violence-83103","start":17,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here Gun Policy issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#mental-health","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","start":5,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And how about his record and policies on domestic and sexual violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15 percent of all violent crime","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncadv.org\/statistics","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much more has to be done","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted Violence Against Women Act $1.6 billion Office on Violence Against Women dropped more than 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":6,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violence_Against_Women_Act","start":33,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_on_Violence_Against_Women","start":46,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":79,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor to protect LGBT victimsBernie will reauthorize","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/empower-tribal-nations\/","start":34,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about men? They suffer from abuse, too!","type":"h3"}]},{"type":"page","title":"LGBTQ Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/lesbians-839875_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/lesbians-839875_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on LGBTQ rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"Since 1972proposed abolishing all discriminatory laws pertaining to sexuality city’s first-ever pride marchTrans Mecca in Burlington","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":10,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/OffMessage\/archives\/2015\/06\/30\/32-years-before-scotus-decision-sanders-backed-gay-pride-march","start":77,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/mayor-bernie-sanders-created-an-80s-trans-mecca-in-burlington","start":107,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against gives him a 100% rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/102\/marriage#.XRLCji2ZNp8","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/your-elected-officials\/profile?id=521","start":13,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"LGBTQ Values Are Family Values","links":[{"href":"#lgbtq-values-family-values","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Discrimination","links":[{"href":"#addressing-discrimination","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"LGBTQ Values Are Family Values","type":"h2"},{"text":"publicly equating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/246370-sanders-i-was-ahead-of-the-curve-on-gay-rights","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did Bernie vote on Don’t Ask Don’t Tell?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He voted against it.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/9\/9\/9295867\/bernie-sanders-gay-soldiers","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did Bernie vote on the Defense of Marriage Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Defense of Marriage Actone of the few members of Congresscosponsored legislation to repealvoted against bills seeking to amend the Constitutionfriend-of-the-court brief urging justices to void the discriminatory statute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.advocate.com\/politics\/election\/2015\/04\/30\/bernie-sanders-most-lgbt-friendly-candidate","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/supreme-court-victories-for-gay-marriage","start":24,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/supreme-court-victories-for-gay-marriage","start":58,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.advocate.com\/politics\/election\/2015\/04\/30\/bernie-sanders-most-lgbt-friendly-candidate","start":91,"end":144},{"href":"https:\/\/welch.house.gov\/media-center\/in-the-news\/vtbuzz-vermont-delegation-signs-brief-marriage-case-us-supreme-court","start":144,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"section of DOMA that denied federal benefits to same sex spousessection of DOMA that allowed states to ban gay marriage was ruled unconstitional","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/cases\/lesbian-and-gay-rights\/windsor-v-united-states","start":0,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2015\/06\/supreme-court-gay-marriage-best-lines-kennedy-decision\/","start":64,"end":144}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4556732\/bernie-sanders-doma-history","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"he said praised the historic ruling","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/246370-sanders-i-was-ahead-of-the-curve-on-gay-rights","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-supreme-court-decision-on-same-sex-marriage","start":8,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on same-sex marriage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"first-in-the-country law legalizing gay marriage he called on","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-on-gay-marriage-time-for-supreme-court-to-catch-up-to-the-american-people","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.advocate.com\/news\/daily-news\/2011\/06\/23\/senators-obama-time-evolve","start":49,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Uniting Families Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/296","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie feel about adoption by same-sex couples?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_1999-346.htm","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Every Child Deserves a Family Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1303","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How long has Bernie been an advocate for gay rights?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/thumbor\/rhX0BYkGVspqgolBvsTY9T-Jhkg=\/0x0:751x842\/920x0\/filters:focal(0x0:751x842):format(webp):no_upscale()\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/uploads\/chorus_asset\/file\/3851224\/Bernie%20Sanders%20letter.jpg","type":"img","width":751,"height":842},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Discrimination","type":"h2"},{"text":"school workplace military","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_13-S1088.htm","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_09-HR3017.htm","start":6,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_10-HR1283.htm","start":16,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make attending school easier for LGBTQ youth?","type":"h3"},{"text":"they feel unsafe attending classmissed a day at school Student Non-Discrimination Act of 2011 Student Non-Discrimination Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glsen.org\/article\/2017-national-school-climate-survey","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.glsen.org\/article\/2017-national-school-climate-survey","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S0555.htm","start":55,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_13-S1088.htm","start":94,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposes the Trump administration proposal to roll back protections for transgender students","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/the-attacks-against-transgender-people-are-part-of-a-bigotry-which-has-got-to-en\/1334500429938291\/","start":0,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address discrimination against LGBTQ people in the workplace?","type":"h3"},{"text":"commended","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-white-house-executive-order","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is there a sexual orientation wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"paid less and have fewer employment opportunities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sears-Mallory-Discrimination-July-20111.pdf","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"LGBTQ workers earn less than straight people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Average reported income","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corporate.prudential.com\/media\/managed\/PrudentialLGBT2016-2017.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Lesbian - $45,606","Gay - $56,936","Bisexual woman - $35,980","Bisexual man - $85,084","Heterosexual woman - $51,461","Heterosexual man - $83,469"]},{"text":"Employment Non-Discrimination Actvoted for Employment Non-Discrimination Acttransgender","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_09-HR3017.htm","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-passes-employment-non-discrimination-act","start":34,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s815\/BILLS-113s815rfh.pdf","start":43,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/employment-non-discrimination-act-2013_n_3402688","start":77,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie’s position been with regards to LGBTQ people in the U.S. military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against discharged over 13,000 troops","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/15579#.VbfPT0JViko","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/nation\/washington\/articles\/2009\/05\/20\/continued_discharges_anger_dont_ask_dont_tell_critics\/","start":14,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"was a consistent criticvoted to repeal","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=27TO6Z_hR_o&t=3m45s","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_10-HR1283.htm","start":23,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"  ","type":"p"},{"text":"Q&A session statedopposes the proposed ban on transgender people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/creejwl","start":11,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/in-announcing-this-ban-on-transgender-people-in-the-military-the-trump-administr\/1717064188348578\/","start":18,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are LGBTQ rights addressed in Bernie’s 2020 platform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"end to all forms of discrimination against the LGBTQ community","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-lgbtq-equality\/","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Latino Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/LATINO-RIGHTS-1-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/LATINO-RIGHTS-1.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Latino Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"58.9 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/bkmk\/table\/1.0\/en\/PEP\/2017\/PEPASR6H?slice=hisp~hisp!year~est72017","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Racism majority of Hispanics are U.S.-born","links":[{"href":"#addressing-racism","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/09\/18\/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing\/","start":17,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","links":[{"href":"#education","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Close The Race Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"#close-the-wage-gap","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Employment","links":[{"href":"#youth-employment","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agricultural Labor","links":[{"href":"#agricultural-labor","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reform the Criminal Justice System","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice-reform","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"#immigration","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Racism","type":"h2"},{"text":"majority of Hispanics are U.S.-bornare proficient at English Hispanics are more likely to marry outside their groupincident taken up by the ACLU","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/09\/18\/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/09\/18\/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing\/","start":36,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2017\/05\/18\/1-trends-and-patterns-in-intermarriage\/","start":61,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/2-american-women-de","start":116,"end":145}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does racism affect Latinos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Twenty percentpersistent racial wage gap10 percent. Stanford Center for Policy Analysis found 10.3 times greaterThirty-eight percent of Latinos","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/economy\/2018\/10\/10\/faces-poverty-social-racial-factors\/37977173\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":14,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":25,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/latino-dropout-rate-plummets-college-enrollment-hits-record-high-n807481","start":40,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/cepa.stanford.edu\/educational-opportunity-monitoring-project\/achievement-gaps\/race\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/12\/12\/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession\/","start":93,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/10\/25\/latinos-and-discrimination\/","start":112,"end":143}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/10\/PH_2018.10.25_National-Survey-of-Latinos-2018_2-02.png","type":"img","width":415,"height":464},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/10\/25\/latinos-and-discrimination\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about discrimination against Latinos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hispanics struggling paying medical bills,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"end the racial wealth dividethirteenend the massive disparities and discrimination in financial services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/~\/media\/files\/pdfs\/hfs\/assets\/2018\/ricketts_black_communities_conference.pdf?la=en","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":36,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address discrimination against Latinos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against declared English against a 2018 bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_02n-ACLU.htm","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d110:SP1151:","start":14,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S058.htm","start":31,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Stanford Center for Policy Analysis found10 percent.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cepa.stanford.edu\/educational-opportunity-monitoring-project\/achievement-gaps\/race\/","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/latino-dropout-rate-plummets-college-enrollment-hits-record-high-n807481","start":42,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media2.s-nbcnews.com\/j\/newscms\/2017_40\/2177801\/171004_hispaniceducation-latino_88ab2dac4b070a9c33d9c443a7108869.fit-560w.png","type":"img","width":420,"height":567},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/latino-dropout-rate-plummets-college-enrollment-hits-record-high-n807481","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/KolodnerLatinoHE-688x0-c-default.png","type":"img","width":688,"height":297},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/latino-students-are-falling-behind-their-peers-in-college-new-research-shows\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"what the College for All Act will do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Make public colleges, universities, and trade schools tuition-free.","Fully fund Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).","Cancel all student debt.","Significantly lower interest rates on student loans.","Fully paid for by imposing a Robin Hood Tax on Wall Street."]},{"text":"Watch Bernie explain","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/latino-dropout-rate-plummets-college-enrollment-hits-record-high-n807481","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Kids can’t get to college without quality education in early childhood. What has Bernie done to improve access to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke about the importanceBernie supports large investment in early childhood educationhighest potential former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-testifies-on-education","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":27,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":105,"end":130},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":131,"end":135}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education System","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":34,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie wants to overhaul K-12 education","type":"h3"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education Plan for public educationreinvest in public schools and teachersrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":109,"end":119},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":119,"end":147}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actholistic method of educationevaluating students solely on how they perform on a standardized test.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":52,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":80,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Close The Race Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"Do non-white workers really earn less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent racial wage gapBlack and Latina womenbiggest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":11,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/does-race-or-gender-matter-more-to-your-paycheck\/","start":26,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#_ref9","start":48,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The racial wage gap is probably worse24% of women and 12% of men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":37,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"BLS reportsworking poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/faq\/who-are-working-poor-america","start":11,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 data from the BLS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["a Black man earns 75 cents","a Black women earns 67 cents","a Latino man earns 71 cents","a Latina women 62 cents"]},{"text":"Is it harder to get an interview as a Latino person in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"from José to Joe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/adriancarrasquillo\/meet-jose-zamora-the-guy-who-changed-his-name-to-joe-to-get#.sfZ4QmXqr","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else contributes to the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more Black and Latino workers have service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Blacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":52,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":87,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"on the Criminal Justice issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie worked to get rid of the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the federal minimum wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/150","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"From the startFight for $15increase wages for 33% of Latino workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":14,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":27,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jobs For All plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ore education means improved economic opportunity and access to better paying jobsburdenedcrushing student debtmake public colleges and universities tuition-freecancel all student debt","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/what-student-debt-does-to-people-its-not-pretty-2018-11-14","start":82,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2018-11-02\/student-loan-debt-hobbles-next-generation-of-u-s-workers","start":90,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":111,"end":161},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/23\/politics\/bernie-sanders-student-loan-debt-cancellation\/index.html","start":161,"end":184}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed War on Drugs better spent on job training and educationhelp Latinos","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1YHplMrEIsA","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1131193164797292551","start":19,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":62,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Immigrant Wage Gap","type":"h3"},{"text":"27.0 million foreign-born persons in the U.S. labor forcereported","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":57,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/chart.png","type":"img","width":1180,"height":1360},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economists found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/285a\/39f9373a075fa5b6f4f7af35c99a6d46c0e3.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the immigrant wage gap is probably worse24% of women and 12% of men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":40,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Employment","type":"h2"},{"text":"need to address disproportionately","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-and-conyers-propose-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/youth-unemployment-a-national-tragedy","start":16,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the state of Latino Youth unemployment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"unemployment rate was 15.1 percent youth underemployment was at 36.1 percent not higher than averageliving in poverty59 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/empsit.t03.htm","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/young-black-high-school-grads-face-astonishing-underemployment\/","start":41,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latinpost.com\/articles\/36689\/20150209\/unemployment-rate-2015-latino-increases-above-national-average.htm","start":77,"end":100},{"href":"https:\/\/www.childrensdefense.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Child-Poverty-in-America-2017-National-Fact-Sheet.pdf","start":101,"end":118},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/profiles\/US_profile_6.html","start":118,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to invest in jobs and job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Youth Jobs Act had this to sayspeech Employ Young Americans Now Actone million jobs $1.5 billion for job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s1170is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s1170is.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-youth-jobs-plan-advances-in-senate","start":15,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk","start":31,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":37,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactfactsheet?inline=file","start":68,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":84,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"$74 billionsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/insights\/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":11,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth unemployment is epidemic in America. It’s time to give our young people a chance to succeed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"proactive plan $5.5 billion for substantial job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/08\/01\/sanders-introduces-bill-aimed-ending-tragic-youth-unemployment-crisis","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":14,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to create jobs and improve job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbillplan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"offering paid internshipssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-presidential-campaigns-pay-interns_n_5cd2ce47e4b0e524a47dad45","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126177544372461569","start":25,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"America’s youth loves Bernie ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/02\/why-americas-youth-loves-bernie-213615","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"issues affecting working Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agricultural Labor","type":"h2"},{"text":"economically disadvantaged groups","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/farm-workers\/farm-worker-issues\/low-wages\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"83 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdr.doleta.gov\/research\/FullText_Documents\/ETAOP_2019-01_NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Department of Labor survey of agricultural workers NAWS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdr.doleta.gov\/research\/FullText_Documents\/ETAOP_2019-01_NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["33 percent of farm worker families live below the poverty line","44 percent used Medicaid","47 percent have health insurance","12 percent saw a dentist in the last two years","28 percent lived in a home owned by themselves or a family member ","33 percent lived in “crowded” dwellings (more than 1 person\/room)","average level of formal education completed was eighth grade","4 percent reported that they had no formal schooling ","37 percent reported that they completed the sixth grade or lower","71 percent reported speaking no english or very little"]},{"text":"Fair enough. Are agricultural workers really subjected to terrible conditions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"there’s much more we can do labor law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/labor-laws-left-farm-workers-behind-vulnerable-abuse","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/farm-workers\/farm-worker-issues\/labor-laws\/","start":27,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"seven of the most common abuses agricultural laborers are subjected to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farmworkerjustice.org\/advocacy-and-programs\/us-labor-law-farmworkers","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tomato farmworkers working conditionsslavery laborers were being paid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.splcenter.org\/news\/2008\/04\/15\/migrant-tomato-workers-face-chronic-abuses","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/immokalee-family-sentenced-for-slavery-each-navarrete-boss-gets-12-years-in-prison-ft-myers-news-press","start":18,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/2018\/findings\/country-studies\/united-states\/","start":37,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/12\/24\/us\/24tomato.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":44,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"slavery visited Immokaleedescribed his visit Senate hearing ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/2018\/findings\/country-studies\/united-states\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/01\/senator-bernie-sanders-author-eric-schlosser-visit-immokalee-ciw\/","start":7,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-harvest-of-shame_b_96759.html","start":25,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":44,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pressuring Bernie’s interventionhistoric agreement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iptv.org\/mtom\/story.cfm\/feature\/5013\/mtom_20080425_3334_feature","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/cltampa.com\/tampa\/farmworkers-get-a-whopper-of-a-win\/Content?oid=2031337#.VcAYnOKUzGd","start":11,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-applauds-breakthrough-for-farm-workers","start":33,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fairness for Farmworkers Act of 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/3131\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reform the Criminal Justice System","type":"h2"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many thingsbarriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":43,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":74,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":102,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does the criminal justice system discriminate against Latinos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"imprisoned at 1.4 times the rate of white Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/publications\/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons\/","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan to address this discrimination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Secret Evidence Repeal Act of 2001advance notice of any evidence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/1266","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=clevstlrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1297%2526context%253Dclevstlrev%26sa%3DD%26sntz%3D1%26usg%3DAFQjCNFcv-G0VztNjSvzbpBa8Sd4BpLKYQ#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1297%26context%3Dclevstlrev%22","start":35,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ban discrimination against people with criminal recordsBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=udKPBp8yqBsC&pg=PA2598&lpg=PA2598&dq=We+do+not+do+a+good+job+of+reintegrating+those+people+into+society.&source=bl&ots=GSrC21xvnk&sig=zlK0KYmBPMg-Aq8geX9CU3wDGok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAGoVChMI95ji-ZSQxwIVChY-Ch2enw9y#v=onepage&q=We%20do%20not%20do%20a%20good%20job%20of%20reintegrating%20those%20people%20into%20society.&f=false","start":55,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"abolish private prisonsending cash baildisproportionately affects poor people of color","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":23,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/identities\/2017\/12\/6\/16739622\/ucla-report-bail-low-income-race","start":39,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many Latino immigrants are there in the country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2013 U.S. Census data","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/programs\/data-hub\/charts\/largest-immigrant-groups-over-time","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie been personally impacted by immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Polish immigrant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FynNrU76dto","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are Bernie’s views on immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done about immigration reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"doesn’t believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"81 billsimmigration reform program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":8,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Native American Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-native-american-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/pow-wow-249204_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/pow-wow-249204_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Native American Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"Tribal Sovereignty","links":[{"href":"#tribal-sovereignty","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#healthcare","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Racism","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-racism","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Protect The Indian Child Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"#protect-the-icwa","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tribal Sovereignty","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does that mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"does not have jurisdiction to prosecute the perpetrator","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/national\/archive\/2013\/02\/on-indian-land-criminals-can-get-away-with-almost-anything\/273391\/","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to strengthen the sovereignty of Native tribes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16132\/42500\/27110\/violence-against-women-reauthorization-act-of-2013","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"10-20-30 billrenewed commitment implementing the 10-20-30 formulaMay 2019 interviewSupreme Court decisionNative American","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/hr5571\/text\/ih","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/empower-tribal-nations\/","start":13,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/magazine\/wp\/2019\/05\/13\/feature\/what-do-native-americans-want-from-a-president\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.c46bd6403897","start":65,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/18pdf\/17-532_q86b.pdf","start":83,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/us.cnn.com\/2019\/05\/20\/politics\/supreme-court-native-americans-rights-crow-tribe\/index.html","start":105,"end":120}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else has this issue come into play?","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on the Keystone XL pipeline?","type":"h3"},{"text":"vehemently opposesenvironmental policies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.narf.org\/cases\/keystone\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-earth-and-the-environment\/","start":18,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the latest on the Keystone XL pipeline?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Keystone XL PipelineSouth DakotaMissouriemergency shutdown to deal with the spill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/KeystonePipeline","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-transcanada-keystone-spill\/keystone-oil-pipeline-leaks-in-south-dakota-as-nebraska-weighs-xl-idUSKBN1DG30K","start":20,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-oil-transcanada-keystone\/transcanadas-keystone-pipeline-still-partly-shut-after-missouri-leak-idUSKCN1Q01T0","start":32,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/business.financialpost.com\/commodities\/energy\/part-of-keystone-xl-pipeline-still-shut-down-after-leak-in-missouri-transcanada-says","start":40,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"January 24, 2017, President Donald Trumpcourt filingsCourt cases Keystone XL Pipeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/24\/us\/politics\/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/resources\/keystone-xl-case-documents","start":40,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/calgary\/keystone-delays-1.5123603","start":53,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/stories\/what-keystone-pipeline","start":65,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"temporarily blocked constructionpre-construction workunclearchanged its name","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/boldnebraska.org\/in-blow-to-pipeline-project-court-invalidates-trump-administrations-keystone-xl-environmental-review-blocks-construction\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/16\/keystone-xl-suffers-another-setback-judge-blocks-work-on-pipeline.html","start":32,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-transcanada-strategy\/impact-of-u-s-court-ruling-on-keystone-xl-timing-unclear-transcanada-idUSKCN1NI207","start":53,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/business.financialpost.com\/commodities\/not-a-brand-change-new-name-same-pipeline-challenges-for-tc-energy","start":60,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-environmental-protection\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","type":"h2"},{"text":"disproportionately high rates particular health problems","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tribal\/data-resources\/health-disparities\/index.html","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/watch\/shows\/america-tonight\/america-tonight-blog\/2013\/8\/28\/5-huge-native-americanhealthissuesyoudontknowabout.html","start":30,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie voted for to support addressing this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"consistently voted in favor of bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/6284\/17350\/27110\/health-care-for-indigenous-peoples#.VbJz_vkxOUk","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted forAmerican Reinvestment and Recovery Actimportant provisions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s61","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111hr1enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111hr1enr.pdf","start":9,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid-chip-program-information\/by-topics\/downloads\/arra-protections-for-indians-in-medicaid-and-chip-smd.pdf","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie, along with Rep. James Clyburn, introduced legislationexpand community health centersendorsed  ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":61,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":92,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the Violence Against Women Act? Does that affect Native American communities as well?","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Institutes of Health report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2567901\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie will reauthorizedomestic violence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/empower-tribal-nations\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/indianlaw.org\/issue\/ending-violence-against-native-women","start":23,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Racism","type":"h2"},{"text":"What are some examples?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has Bernie supported along these lines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted to apologize","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/6284\/17350\/27110\/health-care-for-indigenous-peoples#17350","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a formal congressional letter","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/872712\/letter-to-roger-goodell-commissioner-of-the-national-football-league-regarding-changing-the-name-of-the-washington-redskins","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Protect The Indian Child Welfare Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/25\/1901","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"exclusive jurisdictionconcurrentcases involving Native American childrenintervene","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exclusive_jurisdiction","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concurrent_jurisdiction","start":23,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.azpm.org\/p\/home-articles-news\/2019\/4\/24\/150330-navajo-nation-wins-appeal-in-indian-child-welfare-act-case\/","start":33,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intervention_(law)","start":73,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ruled the ICWA unconstitutionalconcernedremain in placeresearch","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/2018\/09\/18\/court-strikes-down-landmark-indian-child.asp","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/native-americans-concerned-by-challenges-to-indian-child-welfare-act\/4624278.html","start":31,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mysanantonio.com\/opinion\/commentary\/article\/Preserve-the-Indian-Child-Welfare-Act-13818144.php","start":40,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/urldefense.proofpoint.com\/v2\/url?u=https-3A__www.nicwa.org_wp-2Dcontent_uploads_2019_02_2019-2D02-2D12-2DICWA-2DTalking-2DPoints-2DGuide-5FNICWA-2DFINAL.pdf&d=DwMFAg&c=B73tqXN8Ec0ocRmZHMCntw&r=5f9tYWRErROojfR18CFIpeD1a2PDGYMvwRyDaUUhMVsuvCy-toGmV4xtncffYDxk&m=0IcbGzINo6iTIR8sZtvWzujnHjvnuCu4GVMcEl19DyU&s=kh4Gg5ZiYx9QmtNChO19untPTtfiu2PJksgDkh2Sv8c&e=","start":55,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Our Revolution“Native children are the future of tribal nations; the Indian Child Welfare Act is critical to survival and must be enforced with the original intent of the law.\"","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ourrevolution.com\/issues\/empowering-tribal-nations\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/ourrevolution.com\/issues\/empowering-tribal-nations\/","start":14,"end":176}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"People with Disabilities","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-people-with-disabilities\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/DISABILITY-1-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/DISABILITY-1.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on People with Disabilities","type":"h1"},{"text":"28% of them are living in povertyvoted to ratify","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/Annual_Report_2018_Accessible_AdobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15948\/41992\/27110\/the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities#.XPT8GY-xU2w","start":33,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ensure Access to Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#healthcare","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Independent Living and Other Services","links":[{"href":"#independent-living-and-other-services","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education Opportunities","links":[{"href":"#education","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Employment Opportunities:","links":[{"href":"#employment","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adequate Funding and Appropriations from the Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"#adequate-funding","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disabled Veterans:","links":[{"href":"#disabled-veterans","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People with Disabilities","type":"h2"},{"text":"Who are people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the CDC,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/infographic-disability-impacts-all.html","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can disability be temporary?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.infographicsarchive.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/CDA_Infographic.jpg","type":"img","width":1667,"height":2417},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infographicsarchive.com\/miscellaneous\/infographic-disability-disconnect\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What states have the highest rate of people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"There are more people with a disability","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu\/research-findings\/geography\/","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu\/www\/wp-content\/uploads\/General-Disability-Rates-1.jpg","type":"img","width":3300,"height":2550},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu\/research-findings\/geography\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the main issues facing people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"28.1% of people with disabilities live in poverty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/2018_Compendium_Accessible_AbobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu\/www\/wp-content\/uploads\/Poverty-with-a-disability.jpg","type":"img","width":3300,"height":2550},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu\/research-findings\/geography\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are doing a better job","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaacelerador.com\/9-latest-tips-you-can-learn-when-attending-bridge-law-chart-by-state-bridge-law-chart-by-state\/61226\/the-best-and-worst-u-s\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/revistaacelerador.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/the-best-and-worst-u-s-states-for-people-with-disabilities-bridge-law-chart-by-state.jpg","type":"img","width":931,"height":815},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistaacelerador.com\/9-latest-tips-you-can-learn-when-attending-bridge-law-chart-by-state-bridge-law-chart-by-state\/61226\/the-best-and-worst-u-s\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about discrimination against people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Healthcare","type":"h2"},{"text":"Data from the CDC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/infographic-disability-impacts-all.html","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["1 in 3 have unmet health needs because of cost","1 in 3 do not have a healthcare provider","1 in 4 don’t get routine checkups","28.2 % smoke compared to only 15.3% of people without disabilities","16.3 % have diabetes","11.5 % have heart disease"]},{"text":"41.1% of people with disabilities are obese","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/2018_Compendium_Accessible_AbobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/features\/images\/AJPH_Disability_No_Disability_Chart_800px.jpg","type":"img","width":800,"height":499},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/features\/unrecognizedpopulation-longdesc.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How will Bernie’s Medicare For All plan help people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom."]},{"text":"bill includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s being done to stop the cuts to the Medicaid program that disabled Americans rely on?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare beneficiaries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/medicaids-role-for-medicare-beneficiaries\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"championed ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=66&v=jLwyDFLJUi4","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"letter Bernie’s record on Medicaid","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/dear-mr-president-dont-cut-social-security-medicare-medicaid","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#medicaid","start":7,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Independent Living","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support people so they can stay in their homes and in their communities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Disability Integration Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more cost effective","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aarp.org\/health\/medicare-insurance\/info-03-2013\/state-studies-find-hcbs-to-be-cost-effective-AARP-ppi-ltc.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How will Bernie’s Medicare for All plan help people with Disabilities stay in their communities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare covers 9.1 million people under 65","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/medicaids-role-for-medicare-beneficiaries\/","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All will include these home care and community based long-term care servicesremove the 24 month waiting period for Medicareban discrimination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.modernhealthcare.com\/politics-policy\/sanders-medicare-all-expands-long-term-care-benefits","start":0,"end":89},{"href":"https:\/\/psmag.com\/news\/medicare-for-all-supports-for-disabilities-sanders-jayapal","start":89,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollcall.com\/news\/congress\/bernie-sanders-new-single-payer-bill-would-cover-some-long-term-care","start":136,"end":154}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to support people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to advance education for people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated sponsored $10 billion increase Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/special-education","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/110th-congress\/senate-amendment\/4218?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22idea+ammendments%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1","start":7,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/special-education","start":17,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/idea.ed.gov\/","start":38,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continuing to callIndividuals with Disabilities Education Actincreased educational opportunitiesexpanding vocational education","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-disability-rights\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ed.gov\/idea\/","start":18,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-disability-rights\/","start":61,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-disability-rights\/","start":96,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie’s stance on education for children with disabilities and “No Child Left Behind”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education Plan for public educationreinvest in public schools and teachersrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schoolsincreased wrap-around support services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":109,"end":119},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":119,"end":147},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":147,"end":185}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actfor its reformholistic method of educationevaluating students based on their understanding of the curriculumteaching should be one of the best paying jobsstrongly opposevouchers to pay for","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsletters\/reforming-no-child-left-behind","start":52,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":66,"end":94},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":94,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/no-teacher-in-america-should-have-to-have-a-second-jobor-six-jobsto-make-ends-me\/1727820057272991\/","start":160,"end":206},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/16378.htm","start":206,"end":221},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c105:H.R.2746:","start":221,"end":229},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":230,"end":240}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act reduce class size to 18 for children in grades 1 to 3Fix America's Schools Today Act (FAST) of 2011, which would aafford small class sizes and programs like art, music, and physical education.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HR1036.htm","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.classsizematters.org\/research-and-links\/","start":39,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S1597.htm","start":92,"end":153},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126171164697661440","start":153,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yesEvery Child Achieves ActElementary and Secondary Education Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00249","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/The_Every_Child_Achieves_Act_of_2015--summary.pdf","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/esea","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s record on education","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to help children with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"record of fighting for kidslink","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2016\/01\/25\/sanders-campaign-first-to-fill-out-pwdsvote-2016-campaign-scorecard\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2016\/01\/25\/sanders-campaign-first-to-fill-out-pwdsvote-2016-campaign-scorecard\/","start":27,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Supported efforts to reduce bullying and harassment that target students with disabilities, among others, by co-sponsoring the Safe Schools Improvement Act.","Worked to decrease exclusionary discipline practices like suspension and expulsion through the recent reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). (ESEA Committee Vote)","Helped maintain transparency for accountability in disaggregating student outcome data – including students with disabilities – in ESEA’s reauthorization.","Supported efforts in the recent reauthorization of ESEA to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint, which disproportionately impacts children with disabilities.\r\n"]},{"text":"A few of his priorities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2016\/01\/25\/sanders-campaign-first-to-fill-out-pwdsvote-2016-campaign-scorecard\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fully Fund the federal government’s share of IDEA.","Adequately fund the Office of Civil Rights at the Department of Education – currently at its lowest funding levels in over 20 years – so it can increase oversight and enforcement of federal civil rights statutes like IDEA, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the ADA, and more.","Require Congress to pass a reauthorization of the Higher Education Act that builds on the gains of HEOA and expands federal efforts to ensure that students with disabilities get the support they need to succeed in college.","End the tax penalty that people face when they successfully discharge their loans due to total permanent disability."]},{"text":"Employment","type":"h2"},{"text":"28 percent of people with disabilities are living in poverty34.4 percent of people with a disability are workingThose with a disability","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/Annual_Report_2018_Accessible_AdobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":0,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/2018_Compendium_Accessible_AbobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":60,"end":112},{"href":"http:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/bkmk\/table\/1.0\/en\/ACS\/15_1YR\/B18140","start":112,"end":135}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kijkjeinmijnhuis.nl\/american-map-of-states.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why are so few people with disabilities working?","type":"h3"},{"text":"discriminationstigmas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/discrimination-people-disabilities_b_4509393","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/disabilitycompendium.org\/sites\/default\/files\/user-uploads\/2018_Compendium_Accessible_AbobeReaderFriendly.pdf","start":14,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"MedicaidMedicareSSDI payments","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/eligibility\/index.html","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.disabilitysecrets.com\/will-i-get-medicare-medicaid-with-disability.html","start":8,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.disabilitysecrets.com\/page1-13.html","start":16,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Didn’t we end discriminatory employment practices with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/leahy-sanders-hail-senate-passage-of-bill-to-reverse-narrow-interpretations-of-americans-with-disabilities-act","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are disability service and support groups saying about the ADA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated  ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vcil.org\/about\/newsletter\/archived-newsletters\/autumn-2007#FreedomRoad","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about increasing employment opportunities for people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Discrimination must end and employers must be encouraged to overcome misperceptions and myths that stymie the hiring of talented, qualified individuals with disabilities.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-disability-rights\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"just as all youths do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"federal job guarantee program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about ending the subminimum wage with people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In a 2016 statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/sanders-statement-new-york-california-minimum-wage-increase\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 Respectability Report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2016\/04\/05\/sanders-end-subminimum-wage-for-people-with-disabilities\/","start":1,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to solve these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored several court rulings.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s3406","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/laws\/statutes\/adaaa.cfm","start":12,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/leahy-sanders-hail-senate-passage-of-bill-to-reverse-narrow-interpretations-of-americans-with-disabilities-act","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reverse efforts to narrow the interpretation of disabilitiesstrengthen vocational training, independent living grants and IDEA school funding","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/leahy-sanders-hail-senate-passage-of-bill-to-reverse-narrow-interpretations-of-americans-with-disabilities-act","start":0,"end":60},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/stimulus-funds-to-strengthen-school-and-ease-vermont-budget-shortfall","start":60,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/hr803\/BILLS-113hr803enr.pdf","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disability Integration Actget the necessary services","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2019\/05\/28\/2020-presidential-election-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/rewire.news\/article\/2019\/03\/19\/disability-community-progressives-gop-plans\/","start":26,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/creating-jobs-rebuilding-america\/","start":1,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Appropriations and the Federal Budget","type":"h2"},{"text":"Has Bernie advocated for increased funding to programs meant to support people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Expand TRICARE Coverage of Autism amendment Assistive Technology Act of 2004","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15950\/41999\/27110\/expands-tricare-coverage-of-autism#.VbWS_qSrSM8","start":0,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/108\/hr4278","start":44,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the people who want to cut funding for people with disabilities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"released a statement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/disability-benefit-cuts-loom","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sending a letterBernie sharply criticized Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/talkingpointsmemo.com\/livewire\/senate-dems-letter-mcconnell-social-security","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1110925912604897281?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1110925912604897281%7Ctwgr%5E393039363b74776565745f6d65646961&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2019%2F3%2F28%2F18285360%2Fbetsy-devos-special-olympics-shriver-pocan","start":17,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disabled Veterans","type":"h2"},{"text":"introduced legislation that would improve the Defense Department’s Transition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/therespectabilityreport.org\/2016\/01\/25\/sanders-campaign-first-to-fill-out-pwdsvote-2016-campaign-scorecard\/","start":0,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Senate website","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/veterans","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lead negotiator Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/defense\/overnights\/209087-overnight-defense-senate-passes-bipartisan-va-fix","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2450\/related-bills","start":16,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"denounced access to health care also","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4541633\/think-expensive-take-care-veterans-dont-send-war","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-veterans-access-choice-and-accountability-act-of-2014-summary?inline=file","start":10,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-veterans-access-choice-and-accountability-act-of-2014-summary?inline=file","start":32,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military and Veterans issue page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-military-and-veterans\/","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Privacy & Digital Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/PRIVACY-DIGITAL-RIGHTS-1-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/PRIVACY-DIGITAL-RIGHTS-1.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Privacy & Digital Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"voted against opposes warrant-less wiretapping","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll398.xml","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","start":13,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Surveillance","links":[{"href":"#mass-surveillance","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Surveillance","type":"h2"},{"text":"National Security Agency surveillance of U.S. citizenswhistleblowersEdward Snowden","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nsa.gov\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying","start":25,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/jun\/09\/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance","start":55,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/snowdenarchive.cjfe.org\/greenstone\/cgi-bin\/library.cgi?e=q-00100-00---off-0snowden1--00-2----0-10-0---0---0direct-10----4-------0-1l--10-en-50---50-about---01-3-1-00-00--4--0--0-0-01-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=p&p=about","start":69,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FBICIADHSDEA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/02\/politics\/fbi-airplane-surveillance\/","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2015\/03\/10\/apple-products-may-have-been-compromised-by-cia-mass-surveillance-program\/?ncid=rss","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/02\/mass-surveillance-of-all-car-trips-is-nearly-upon-us\/283922\/","start":6,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2015\/04\/why-we-sued-dea-mass-surveillance-still-illegal","start":9,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"17 U.S. intelligence agencies$81.1 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dni.gov\/index.php\/what-we-do\/members-of-the-ic","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/intel\/R44381.pdf","start":29,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) ","Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)","Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)","National Security Agency (NSA) ","National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)","National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)","Army - Military Intelligence Corps","Navy - Office of Naval Intelligence","Marine Corps Intelligence","Air Force - Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA)","U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence","Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence","Department of Homeland Security’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis","Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - Department of Justice","Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Office of National Security Intelligence","The Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research","Department of the Treasury’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis."]},{"text":"ACLU has reportedsurveilled peaceful advocacy groupsColoradomany groups in New Yorkothers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/more-about-joint-terrorism-task-forces","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/more-about-joint-terrorism-task-forces","start":17,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/press-releases\/new-documents-show-fbi-joint-terrorism-task-force-targeting-peaceful-protest-activity","start":52,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nyclu.org\/en\/nyclu-seeks-fbi-files-ny-political-groups-and-activists","start":60,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2010\/10\/02\/130274688\/fbi-targets-peace-activists-for-alleged-terrorism-support","start":83,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the NSA doing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"major fiber optic backbones.pending lawsuit NSA violates the Fourth Amendmentlawsuit,some success section 702 of the FISA Amendments ActStellar Wind","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/nsa-has-taken-over-internet-backbone-were-suing-get-it-back","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/cases\/jewel","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/press\/releases\/eff-asks-judge-rule-nsa-internet-backbone-spying-techniques-unconstitutional","start":45,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/05\/judge-orders-government-provide-evidence-about-internet-backbone-upstream","start":78,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2017\/05\/23\/jewel_cmc_order_may_2017.pdf","start":86,"end":98},{"href":"https:\/\/act.eff.org\/action\/pull-the-plug-on-internet-spying-programs","start":98,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/oig.justice.gov\/reports\/2015\/PSP-09-18-15-full.pdf","start":137,"end":149}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2014\/07\/24\/backbone-3c-color.jpg","type":"img","width":788,"height":1002},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/press\/releases\/eff-asks-judge-rule-nsa-internet-backbone-spying-techniques-unconstitutional","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this is clearly not true distribution of malware","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/03\/15\/393190252\/an-upstream-battle-as-wikimedia-challenges-nsa-surveillance","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2014\/03\/12\/nsa-plans-infect-millions-computers-malware\/","start":24,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this site detailed timeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2013\/11\/15\/20130629-wapo-prism.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying\/timeline","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/Prism-slide-6.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":525},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Professionalism\/Edward_Snowden_and_the_NSA","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is this legal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"USA PATRIOT Actlegislationfirst introducedJoe Biden in 1995The Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/epic.org\/privacy\/terrorism\/usapatriot\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/3162","start":16,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/patriot-act","start":27,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/andrewkaczynski\/surveillance-joe","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/senate-bill\/390\/text","start":60,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"intendedignored the restrictions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/node\/86973","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.lawfareblog.com\/nsa-and-usa-freedom-act","start":8,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Got it. So I get that it’s creepy and invasive, but how is mass surveillance a threat to democracy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"joint report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/node\/127364","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does mass surveillance undermine cybersecurity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"letter see here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyberlaw.stanford.edu\/files\/blogs\/technologists_info_sharing_bills_letter_w_exhibit.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-cybersecurity\/","start":6,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what’s Bernie’s position on the NSA’s warrantless wiretapping program and, more generally, mass surveillance?","type":"h3"},{"text":"opposes warrantless wiretapping","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online Q&Amass surveillanceFBI has 680 million photosfacial recognition system meant to monitor staff and students","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/117738\/bernie-sanders-rips-nsa-spying-and-pushes-for-end-to-mass-surveillance","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/apnews.com\/6f45d569c3084c5ca823ced145de8f82","start":27,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2019\/05\/30\/facial-recognition-us-schools-new-york\/","start":53,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2001\/h398","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001","PATRIOT Act Reauthorization of 2005","FISA Amendments Act of 2007","Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments of 2008","PATRIOT Act Extension of 2011","FISA Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012 ","USA Freedom Act of 2015","FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 "]},{"text":"Bernie said an amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-against-patriot-act-extension","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/109th-congress\/house-amendment\/280","start":11,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted againstaccording to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/110-2008\/s168","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/fix-fisa-end-warrantless-wiretapping","start":14,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restore Our Privacy Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Restore%20Our%20Privacy%20Act.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the right to privacy on the internet?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calling for Facebook to the broken up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10157891322517908","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"access to the Internet to be a human right relies on itcompletely decentralizedours","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/hrcouncil\/docs\/17session\/A.HRC.17.27_en.pdf","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/03\/20\/internet-economy-infographic_n_1363592.html","start":42,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/computer.howstuffworks.com\/internet\/basics\/who-owns-internet.htm","start":55,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2014\/01\/so-who-owns-the-internet\/","start":79,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is net neutrality important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"put newer Internet companies at a disadvantage and threaten innovation fundamental free speech issue","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/technology\/technology\/2006\/05\/why_you_should_care_about_network_neutrality.html","start":0,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/technology\/211607-franken-net-neutrality-is-first-amendment-issue-of-our-time","start":70,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Electronic Frontier Foundation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this an issue? How is net neutrality in danger?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protect IP Act (PIPA) Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)entertainment and publishing groups Electronic Frontier Foundation the Wikimedia Foundation numerous tech companies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/acta","start":21,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theglobalipcenter.com\/pages\/who-supports-coica","start":64,"end":99},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/take-action\/demand-free-and-open-internet","start":99,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act#Opposition","start":130,"end":154},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-switch\/wp\/2014\/05\/07\/google-netflix-lead-nearly-150-tech-companies-in-protest-of-fcc-net-neutrality-plan\/","start":155,"end":178}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are all these bills and agreements even about? And why is there so much opposition against them?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced in 2010 turn a website “off”most draconian laws","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s3804\/summary","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/11\/27\/technology\/27torrent.html?_r=2","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2010\/11\/coica-web-censorship-bill\/","start":40,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Protect IP Act (PIPA)remove or disable accessblocked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968\/text","start":22,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/senate-bill-amounts-to-death-penalty-for-web-sites\/","start":46,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)strong opposition more than 7,000 other websites internet blacklist","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3261","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/01\/websites-dark-in-revolt\/","start":30,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/01\/17\/wikipedia-blackout_n_1212096.html","start":47,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/coica-internet-censorship-and-copyright-bill","start":78,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) Critics said that ACTAPresident Obama continued to support","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/acta","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EZdObzl2lso","start":43,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/wwws.whitehouse.gov\/petitions#!\/response\/role-anti-counterfeiting-trade-agreement-acta","start":66,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about these bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statingtoo deeply flawed to continue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2012\/01\/22\/leahy-caught-in-the-web\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/sopa\/S000033.html","start":7,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie think we should protect net neutrality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strongly supportsfast lane","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/bits.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/02\/disruptions-paying-to-travel-in-the-internets-fast-lanes\/?_r=0","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to strengthen net neutrality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Online Competition and Consumer Choice Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/40","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Internet Freedom Preservation Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/215","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCConly nominate FCC commissioners who support net neutrality","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/layer8\/net-neutrality-bernie-sanders-2020\/","start":61,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Media Ownership & Telecommunications issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-media-ownership-and-telecommunications\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Racial Justice","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/15990263646_c4375c91bd_k-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/15990263646_c4375c91bd_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Racial Justice","type":"h1"},{"text":"Tackling structural inequality is at the heart of Bernie Sanders’ campaign, and at the foundation of this policy is his belief that we must address what he calls the “parallel problems” of economic disparity and institutional racism. The imbalance inherent in America’s institutions — whether our education, healthcare, immigration or criminal systems — point to a fundamental lack of justice for America’s people of color.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/msnbc\/bernie-sanders-racism-economic-inequality-are-parallel-problems","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":167,"end":184}]},{"text":"Bernie has long worked to address intrinsic and explicit racism from multiple angles. His extensive record as an advocate of racial justice goes back to his activism in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's. He is proud to have marched on Washington with Martin Luther King, Jr. and watch him give his “I Have a Dream” speech. Bernie was also a student leader of the Congress of Racial Equality when he was arrested for protesting institutional segregation. Throughout his three decades in public service, Bernie has both been vocal on issues related to racial justice and voted to support those views — a legislative record that’s earned him a 100 percent rating from the ACLU and a 100 percent from the NAACP.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4Tr8DEQl034","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":230,"end":251},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":347,"end":396},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":422,"end":458},{"href":"https:\/\/ssl.capwiz.com\/aclu\/scorecard.xc?chamber=S&state=US&session=113&x=17&y=12","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":647,"end":679},{"href":"http:\/\/action.naacp.org\/page\/-\/washington%20bureau\/113Congress\/VERMONT2.pdf","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":686,"end":712}]},{"text":"Bernie believes racial justice is so important, and so intertwined with his vision for America, that racial justice has its own issue page on his campaign's website. In it, he details how to address different kinds of violence perpetrated against people of color: physical, legal, political, and economic.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":120,"end":138}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice","label":"Criminal Justice","description":"The American justice system is crippled by over-incarceration, disenfranchisement, and poor prison conditions, and people of color are disproportionately affected by this situation. A total rehaul is required."},{"href":"#economic-justice","label":"Economic Justice","description":"People of color face systemic discrimination in every aspect of our economy, from education to hiring to compensation. We must create more jobs, raise the minimum wage, and increase access to education and training. We must also expand social safety net programs and guarantee affordable healthcare and nutrition programs so that we enable working families of color to get ahead."},{"href":"#voting-rights","label":"Voting Rights","description":"State by state, our voting rights are increasingly under attack. Various voter suppression tactics very directly affect people of color’s ability to participate in our democratic process. We must combat voter ID laws and felony disenfranchisement."},{"href":"#housing-discrimination","label":"Housing Discrimination","description":"Residential segregation and lack of access to quality affordable housing has a pervasive and disproportionate impact on people of color."},{"href":"#the-conversation-about-race","label":"The Conversation About Race","description":"America’s entrenched history of racial inequality is systemic — and we must confront it head on."},{"href":"#immigration-reform","label":"Immigration Reform","description":"As a nation of immigrants, we must reform a system that keeps too many hardworking laborers in the shadows — most of them people of color."}]},{"text":"As an introduction, watch this video from 2013, where Bernie discusses his first-ever visit to Washington, D.C. where he marched for civil rights with Martin Luther King, Jr. who — like Bernie — saw the fight for racial justice as interlinked with the fight for economic justice. Indeed, King’s final cause was the Poor People’s Campaign, which he was building at the time of his assassination in 1968.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_poor_peoples_campaign\/","start":231,"end":278}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In this video, Bernie discusses both how far we have come, and how much more we have to go to achieve King’s dream of racial justice in America:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4Tr8DEQl034","id":"4Tr8DEQl034"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","anchors":[{"name":"criminal-justice","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"The United States justice system is crippled by over-incarceration, poor conditions in our jails, and the systematic stripping of the rights of the incarcerated, a disproportionate amount of whom are people of color.","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes that America squanders far too many resources on over-incarceration and misguided crime policy — and that this money could be better spent providing jobs and education to those who might otherwise get lost in the criminal justice system. Bernie also advocates for police reform through increased transparency and accountability as well as the demilitarization of America’s police forces.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":65,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":261,"end":279}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Watch him discuss how our broken criminal justice system disproportionately targets people of color in this May 2015 video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IiJn63y3TF0?start=4141","id":"IiJn63y3TF0"},{"text":"So what’s the scope of our incarceration problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We have more prisoners than any other country in the world:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-globally.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"The interesting thing is America hasn’t always been like this. Here’s how much our incarceration rate has spiked domestically over the years:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/US-rates-over-time.jpg","type":"img","width":445,"height":512,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"Wow. Tell me more about how mass incarceration affects people of color.","type":"h3"},{"text":"The majority of the U.S. prison population is male and under the age of 40, and a disproportionate amount of them are of people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":4,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The hard data speaks volumes — incarceration rates among both blacks and Latinos have risen much faster than for whites:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-all-races.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"According to a 2013 report by the Sentencing Project, a research and advocacy group, one out of three black men can expect to go to prison in his lifetime, compared to one out of 17 white men. And specifically, see how blacks are disproportionately arrested for drug crimes:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":15,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/drug-arrest-rate-for-blacks-and-whites.jpg","type":"img","width":486,"height":446,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"This video highlights the racial bias in the American criminal justice system:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cGFdIEZRH5k","id":"cGFdIEZRH5k"},{"text":"Does going to prison reform people and reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Regarding reforming people, the answer is no. In fact, incarceration aggravates the situation. Young people of color who go to jail or juvenile detention centers have decreased literacy rates, can expect lower grades, drop out of school at a higher rate, and end up committing more crime. Beyond suffering from limited access to education or unsafe living conditions while in prison, having a criminal record makes it harder to get a job — particularly for blacks:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/tavissmiley\/tsr\/education-under-arrest\/school-to-prison-pipeline-fact-sheet\/","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":311,"end":338},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":342,"end":366},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":409,"end":437}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Racial_impact_of_criminal_record_interview_callback.jpg","type":"img","width":500,"height":393,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2015\/04\/03\/race-criminal-background-and-employment\/"},{"text":"(As if all of the above weren’t bad enough, going to prison means you can lose the right to vote! Due to state laws that restrict convicted felons from voting, one out of 13 black Americans is disenfranchised, meaning his voice is lost in the democratic process. Learn more about Bernie’s stance on felony disenfranchisement here. )","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":160,"end":208},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":325,"end":329}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And with regards to reducing crime, a 2014 National Research Council report — which studied years of evidence of crime trends, causes of rising prison populations, and consequences of imprisonment — concluded that nearly every aspect of our country’s “historically unprecedented and internationally unique” rise in incarceration since the 1970s has not been worth the benefit in deterrence in crime reduction. Indeed, the report recommended that the U.S. revise its current sentencing laws (particularly with regards to drug enforcement) and cut back prison rates. Learn more at the Criminal Justice issue page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":38,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":429,"end":440},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":606,"end":610}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Seems like a massive problem. How does Bernie propose we address this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ties criminal activity to lack of economic opportunities, and research shows that people behind bars are more likely to be young people of color who haven’t had access to good education or work training. As Bernie stated in a June 2015 Senate address:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":112,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“It is no great secret that, without work, without education, without hope, people get into trouble, and the result is... that, tragically, in America today we have more people in jail than any other country on Earth.”","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TUCjPY8OOAY","id":"TUCjPY8OOAY"},{"text":"Bernie believes we need “jobs, not jails.” To this end, he has proposed a massive bill that would put millions of Americans to work on rebuilding America’s crumbling infrastructure, another to provide job training for at-risk youths, and yet another that would raise the minimum wage — currently at $7.25 per hour, which he calls a “starvation wage” — to $15. (Learn more at the Youth Employment, Minimum Wage and Racial Wage Gap issue pages.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":25,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":72,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":193,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L4MWQ13reOc","start":333,"end":348},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":379,"end":395},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":397,"end":409},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":414,"end":429}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moreover, Bernie wants to increase access to education and job training, so that less youth — of color and otherwise — are pushed through the school-to-prison pipeline. In fact, America has over-invested in prisons to the point that there are more prisons than colleges in the country. To this end, Bernie’s also introduced the Free College For All Act, which aims to make all public colleges and universities tuition-free, so that everyone can afford a higher education. Finally, Bernie wants to reform sentencing laws, including eliminating mandatory minimums for non-violent offenses, and re-examining our drug policy in particular. (Learn more at the Education, Criminal Justice, and Drug Policy issue pages.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=04pcSyzwoTg","start":142,"end":167},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/01\/06\/the-u-s-has-more-jails-than-colleges-heres-a-map-of-where-those-prisoners-live\/","start":243,"end":284},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":328,"end":352},{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/the-ed-show\/watch\/sanders-speaks-out-on-sandra-bland-489577539678","start":497,"end":519},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":655,"end":664},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":666,"end":682},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":688,"end":699}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There’s also been a lot in the news lately about people of color being the victims of police crime, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sadly, yes. While black people make up only 13 percent of the population, they account for 31 percent of all victims killed by police. Blacks make up nearly 40 percent of unarmed individuals killed by police with a gun and 42 percent of unarmed individuals that are killed by police by means other than a gun.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/nibrs\/addendum-for-submitting-cargo-theft-data\/shr","start":109,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sobering FBI data shows that black teenagers are 21 times more likely than white teenagers to be killed by police:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/police-killings-2-graphic-630.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":664,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/deadly-force-in-black-and-white"},{"text":"And remember that statistics on police shootings are self-reported, so this data probably underestimates this depressing state of affairs.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2014\/09\/08\/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows\/","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where’s Bernie on all this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In a July 2015 speech to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a primarily black civil rights organization once led by Martin Luther King, Jr. that traces its roots to the Montgomery bus boycott, Bernie addressed police violence against people of color:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":5,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/sclcnational.org\/our-history\/","start":29,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Too many African-Americans today are simultaneously having to deal the crisis of racial justice while coping with the effects of poverty and economic deprivation, such as drugs, crime, and despair.","type":"quote"},{"text":"… As Martin Luther King, Jr., said; Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Across the nation, too many African-Americans and other minorities find themselves subjected to a system that treats citizens who have not committed crimes like criminals. A growing number of communities do not trust the police and police have become disconnected from the communities they are sworn to protect.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, Rekia Boyd, Eric Garner, Walter Scott, Freddie Gray, Tamir Rice. We know their names. Each of them died unarmed at the hands of police officers or in police custody. The chants are growing louder. People are angry. I am angry. And people have a right to be angry. Violence and brutality of any kind, particularly at the hands of law enforcement sworn to protect and serve our communities, is unacceptable and must not be tolerated.","type":"quote"},{"text":"We must reform our criminal justice system. Black lives do matter. And we must value black lives.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"doesn’t see these","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-draws-thousands-to-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fighting","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn more about reforming this broken system at the Criminal Justice page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":53,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Justice","anchors":[{"name":"economic-justice","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that economic disparity was tied to racial disparity. In fact, his famous march on Washington in 1963, where King gave his seminal “I Have a Dream” speech — which Bernie was there to witness — was actually called the “March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.” Indeed, the promotional pamphlet for the march spoke of the “twin evils of discrimination and economic deprivation.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=gBH5GRFw-fkC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=twin+evils+of+discrimination+and+economic+deprivation&source=bl&ots=aQ7FGfj6c8&sig=-d4xKmOp9lj_3ip9X6qCYWcF9tY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIgK_utYiWxwIVCx4eCh1hFwXK#v=onepage&q=twin%20evils%20of%20discrimination%20and%20economic%20deprivation&f=false","start":306,"end":340}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do we fight for economic justice?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The first step is to acknowledge that America has a problem — one of structural economic inequality.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":69,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Today, the U.S. sees vast inequalities in both income (what we get paid) and wealth (everything we own). While some inequality is expected in any economy—and is perhaps even healthy—the U.S. today has inequalities allowing those at the top to amass (and keep) huge estates, while 22 percent of children live below the poverty line. Adults can work 40 hours a week and still not make enough to feed their families, while corporate executives in many of those same companies make much, much more.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":260,"end":272},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":280,"end":302},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#addressing-economic-exploitation-of-workers","start":343,"end":389},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/22\/news\/companies\/ceo-pay\/","start":478,"end":493}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In terms of wealth — everything we own — 90 percent of Americans control less than one fourth of the country’s wealth. The top 0.1 percent controls 21.5 percent, which is over one fifth. The amount controlled by the top 0.1 percent (the top one-tenth of one percent) is the largest it has been in over a century.","type":"p"},{"text":"And when it comes to income — what we get paid — The bottom 90 percent make $29,840 on average, but other reports based on the U.S. Census show that 40 percent of individuals make less than $20,000 annually, and 30 percent of families live on less than $40,000 a year. We cover inequality in detail on our Economic Inequality page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":53,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/finance.townhall.com\/columnists\/politicalcalculations\/2013\/09\/29\/what-is-your-us-income-percentile-ranking-n1712430\/page\/full","start":100,"end":113},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":306,"end":330}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And where do people of color land in all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to a joint report by Demos and the Institute on Assets and Social Policy (IASP), “the median white household had $111,146 in wealth holdings compared to just $7,113 for the median Black household and $8,348 for the median Latino household.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/publication\/racial-wealth-gap-why-policy-matters","start":15,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Another study IASP conducted over 25 years reveals that the wealth gap between white and African-American families rose from $85,000 in 1984 to $236,500 in 2009.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iasp.brandeis.edu\/pdfs\/Author\/shapiro-thomas-m\/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf","start":8,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/median-wealth-by-race-and-income.png","type":"img","width":600,"height":600},{"text":"The Harvard Business Review Compared median weekly salaries from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), revealing a lot about how race and gender relate to pay:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/does-race-or-gender-matter-more-to-your-paycheck\/","start":4,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/pay-by-race-gender.jpg","type":"img","width":540,"height":303},{"text":"Comparing median weekly salaries from the U.S. Population Survey in 2013, we see that a median black male earns 75.1 cents for every dollar a median white male earns. A median Latino male earns only 67 cents. According to the same data, a median white woman makes 78 cents compared to a white male, and black and Latina women follow making 64 cents and 54 cents, respectively. We see that the racial wage gap is large, and that both gender and race are important factors when examining the wage gap.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/ipa\/A0882775.html","start":42,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(On the other hand, Asian men and women make more than anyone in America, also according to the BLS — although this may be explained by the fact they have a higher average educational attainment.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsrace2012.pdf","start":79,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is it harder to get an interview as a person of color in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"It appears to be the case. Researchers at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) published an experiment in which they sent thousands of resumes to various help-wanted ads in Chicago and Boston. Some resumes bore the white-sounding names “Emily” and “Greg”, and others had the black-sounding names “Lakisha” and “Jamal”. Those with white-sounding names got one callback for every 10 applications; those with black-sounding names got one only every 15. (It is worth noting that this study did not check hiring rates or earnings.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/sep03\/w9873.html","start":100,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A story that went viral in 2014 seems to confirm the NBER results with regards to Latinos. A Mexican-American L.A. resident named José Zamora detailed how his job search was going nowhere until he changed his name on his resume from José to Joe — editing nothing else — and started getting callbacks from the same jobs that had ignored him previously.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/adriancarrasquillo\/meet-jose-zamora-the-guy-who-changed-his-name-to-joe-to-get#.sfZ4QmXqr","start":233,"end":244}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other contributors are there to the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to a 2001 paper by two labor economists, about half of the racial wage gap can be attributed to differences in work experience, differences in time out of the workforce, and differences in amount of education gained. Differences in amount of education gained contribute more to the Latino wage gap, while differences in experience and time out of the workforce contribute more to the black wage gap.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":15,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The same paper goes on to explain blacks in America suffer from a lower labor force participation for several reasons. When displaced from work, black workers take significantly longer than white workers to find new work. Those black people with a criminal record find it much harder than white people with a criminal record to find work. Since black people are incarcerated at a higher rate, this has a multiplicative decreasing effect on labor force participation.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Additionally, the researchers notes that black unemployment is likely understated since incarcerated individuals are not included in the statistic. (Learn more about Bernie’s stance on mass incarceration.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","start":149,"end":159}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Presumably communities of color are pretty concerned about the economy and getting jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Definitely. In fact, Latinos care more about the economy and education (which is a way to get better jobs) than anything else:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/latinos-education-economy-immigration.png","type":"img","width":440,"height":401,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/6\/3\/15\/black-and-latino-voters-are-actually-very-concerned-about-economic-issues"},{"text":"And blacks put scarcity of jobs paying decent wages at the top of their concerns list:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/problems-facing-black-families-today.gif","type":"img","width":429,"height":365,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/6\/3\/15\/black-and-latino-voters-are-actually-very-concerned-about-economic-issues"},{"text":"How has Bernie worked to address the education and training gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In May 2015, Bernie introduced the College for All Act to help increase access to higher education, by making all public colleges and universities tuition-free. Moreover, his youth employment bill would include job training for at-risk youth.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":35,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":175,"end":196}],"type":"p"},{"text":"These measures would provide those coming from low-income backgrounds a better chance to access the kind of education and training that would enable them to gain the skills that provide access to better economic opportunities.","type":"p"},{"text":"And how about the criminal record issue which affect people of color’s ability to get jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has also come out against various contributors to over-incarceration of people of color. He has said that prison money would be better spent on job training and education. Bernie has also declared the “war on drugs” largely a failure as it has incarcerated far too many non-violent offenders. Instead, he favors reforming our drug policy and criminal justice system to focus on rehabilitation instead of senseless punishment.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":135,"end":177},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=30m8s","start":223,"end":240}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If you skipped the previous section on Bernie’s stances on criminal justice reform with regards to people of color, go back and learn more.","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice","start":116,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address racial discrimination when applying for jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has supported expanding laws that protect against discrimination. As recently as November 2013, he voted for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-passes-employment-non-discrimination-act","start":120,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lots of people of color can’t make ends meet due to rising healthcare costs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"That’s absolutely true. The below graph shows how important it is to fight against the racial disparities and inequalities inherent in our health system:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/minorityhealth\/CHDIReport.html","start":87,"end":122}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-insurance-coverage-by-age-and-raceethnicity-2011-disparities.png","type":"img","width":735,"height":551},{"text":"That’s why Bernie advocates for universal healthcare. Though he has consistently supported the expansion of Medicaid coverage while fighting repeated efforts to cut funding for it, and voted for the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a. “Obamacare”), Bernie believes America hasn’t gone far enough to provide adequate healthcare for all.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":95,"end":125},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":150,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":185,"end":218},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":291,"end":326}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moreover, he’s sponsored legislation to curb drug costs and tackle fraud in the industry. He also wants to increase access to affordable housing and childcare, as well as the expansion of Social Security and nutrition programs. You can learn more about all of Bernie’s healthcare and public assistance policies at the Social Safety Net category page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","start":318,"end":349}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about policies that keep Americans from falling into the “safety net” in the first place?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The cornerstone of Bernie’s policy is addressing economic inequality — and he’s long fought for everyday working Americans. In fact, one of the very first bills he introduced to Congress was the Liveable Wage Act of 1993, a bill to increase the minimum wage which he reintroduced several times thereafter.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546203","start":195,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Years later, he’s still fighting for this cause. A major plank of Bernie’s presidential campaign is to more than double the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, up from $7.25 per hour.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":103,"end":139}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How would that help?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Over the past 40 years, the cost of living has increased significantly while workers’ wages have remained flat despite commensurate increases in the level of productivity. Learn more at the Minimum Wage issue page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":86,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":190,"end":213}],"type":"p"},{"text":"It’s all moot though if we can’t generate more jobs, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Exactly. Bernie believes the fastest way to create millions of jobs is to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure — and he’s been saying so for decades. In his introduction to the The Rebuild America Act of 2015, he noted:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":113,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":177,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"There’s a reason that investing in our infrastructure has traditionally enjoyed bipartisan support in Congress. It’s a good idea. It creates jobs, income, profits and tax revenues. It lays a foundation for the efficient operation of our economy in the future.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Want to know more about how this idea could generate better-paying jobs for millions of Americans? Check out the Infrastructure issue page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":113,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Voting Rights","anchors":[{"name":"voting-rights","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Unfortunately, various voter suppression tactics very directly affect people of color’s ability to participate in our democratic process. Bernie feels strongly about combating voter ID laws and addressing felony disenfranchisement.","type":"p"},{"text":"Is voter suppression really still happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sadly, various tactics are used to disenfranchise certain segments of our population. Common methods of voter suppression include last-minute changes to polling locations and hours, reducing the number of polling places, and enacting voter ID laws which suppress voters without a driver’s license.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":104,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In 2013, the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a landmark bill passed to combat voter suppression at the ballot box, particularly against people of color. The ruling outlawed a key requirement in the 1965 bill which required states with a history of racial discrimination at the poll to “preclear” any changes to electoral laws with the federal government before enacting them. This change allowed nine states to change election laws without federal approval, mostly to introduce voter ID laws.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/26\/us\/supreme-court-ruling.html","start":27,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/24\/politics\/voting-rights-act-democrats-file-bill\/","start":177,"end":192}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are voter ID laws?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Laws that require people to show an ID before being able to vote. They’re ostensibly supposed to combat voter fraud but many experts believe the rate of incidence is far too overblown to accept that the threat is credible.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/07\/09\/7-papers-4-government-inquiries-2-news-investigations-and-1-court-ruling-proving-voter-fraud-is-mostly-a-myth\/","start":166,"end":183}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this a racial justice concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Such laws suppress people of color so much more than others:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/percentage-voters-asked-for-id.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":360},{"text":"How does Bernie think we can fight back?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In June 2015, Bernie co-sponsored the Voting Rights Advancement Act, which would increase federal oversight of elections in states with a history of racial discrimination and voter suppression. The bill proposes that the “preclear” is required in states where there have been repeated voting rights violations in the previous 25 years. Hopefully this will address the proliferation of voter ID laws across the country.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1659\/cosponsors?q=%7b%22search%22%3A%5b%22voting+rights%22%5d%7d&resultIndex=9","start":38,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/fighting-voter-suppression\/fighting-voter-id-requirements","start":368,"end":398}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Good. Every American citizen should have the right to vote!","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed, but some citizens are actually explicitly denied those rights by law. Certain states restrict people with felony convictions from voting — even after they’ve served their time and paid their debt to society. It’s estimated that 5.85 million Americans have been legally stripped of their voting rights. And due to racial disparities in the criminal justice system, this disproportionately affects people of color. In fact, one in 13 blacks do not have the right to vote because of this.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":236,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But doesn’t being a felon mean you forfeit your freedoms?","type":"h3"},{"text":"You're still protected by the Constitution even if you commit a crime. Beyond suffering from limited access to education or safe living conditions while in prison, disenfranchisement follows former felons for the rest of their lives. The U.S. is one of the strictest nations in the world with regards to felony disenfranchisement.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":93,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":124,"end":146},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jul\/13\/felon-voting-laws-disenfranchisement","start":257,"end":287}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds bad. What’s the impact?","type":"h3"},{"text":"This directly threatens the notion of universal suffrage, limits free speech, and contradicts the right to representation inherent in our Constitution. Voting rights are essential to keeping inmates connected to civic life and providing them with a better foundation for rejoining society once they serve their time. Critics argue that felony disenfranchisement is a “potent tool in the campaign to undercut African-American political power” because it so disproportionately impacts blacks.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/11\/19\/opinion\/the-racist-origins-of-felon-disenfranchisement.html?_r=0","start":317,"end":335}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, to the extent that people of color are over-represented in our prison system, they are under-represented in our political system. This graph shows the extent of felon disenfranchisement nationwide:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":43,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/felony-disefranchisement-map.png","type":"img","width":1607,"height":1442},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has long been a supporter of universal suffrage and proudly represents Vermont, one of two states that do not restrict the voting rights of anyone convicted of felonies. In March 2015, Bernie co-sponsored the Democracy Restoration Act, which seeks to reinstate voting rights to people who have served their time and have been freed from prison.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/fd_Felony%20Disenfranchisement%20Primer.pdf","start":87,"end":104},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":216,"end":241}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn more about how Bernie is working to make the electoral system work for regular Americans, including those of color, at the Political Reform page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":129,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Housing Discrimination","anchors":[{"name":"housing-discrimination","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Residential segregation and lack of access to quality affordable housing has a pervasive and disproportionate impact on people of color. Explicit acts of housing discrimination that defined America before the Fair Housing Act of 1968 (e.g., Jim Crow, Black Codes, “sundown towns”) may be in the past, but we’ve hardly solved the problem.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/publications\/reports\/fairhousing\/historical.html","start":241,"end":279}],"type":"p"},{"text":"According to a 2012 study by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Urban Institute, “subtle forms of housing denial stubbornly persist.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/press\/press_releases_media_advisories\/2013\/HUDNo.13-091","start":15,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/white-home-seekers-favored.png","type":"img","width":565,"height":380},{"text":"Then there’s the problem of residential segregation, which persists in our cities and towns in spite of the Fair Housing Act.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/07\/18\/weve-just-made-the-first-real-legal-advance-on-residential-segregation-in-half-a-century\/","start":28,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But we’re so diverse. How could this still be a problem in melting pot America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Let’s start by sharing some statistical context. There’s a measure called the “index of dissimilarity” that researchers use to determine the rates of housing segregation in a particular geographic area. In an extreme case like Apartheid-era South Africa, where whites lived in all-white neighborhoods and blacks lived in all-black neighborhoods, the index of dissimilarity would peak at 100. In an area where people were randomly distributed irrespective of racial background, the index would be 0.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/enceladus.isr.umich.edu\/race\/seg.html","start":79,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In the 2010 census, Houston had an index of dissimilarity of 61 for its black and white populations. This is considered moderately high and indicates that either 61 percent of whites or 61 percent of blacks would have to move to new neighborhoods in order to achieve perfectly-integrated distribution. Los Angeles had an index of 68, Chicago had an index of 76, and New York City had an index of 78.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/census\/segregation2010.html","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Find out more about segregation in your own community by using this interactive map to explore segregation all over America.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/07\/08\/us\/census-race-map.html","start":63,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yikes. I guess we are still quite segregated. What are some of the causes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"There are several factors that contribute to housing and residential segregation. Let’s take a common one: gentrification.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States#Causes_of_Housing_Segregation","start":10,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/pov\/flagwars\/special_gentrification.php","start":107,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As a result of disinvestment on the heels of “white flight,” cities can withdraw public funds and services like building maintenance, garbage collection, and school funding in areas deemed to be low priority. Need an example? Check out Detroit.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2015\/07\/white-flight-alive-and-well\/399980\/","start":46,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/susan-milligan\/2014\/10\/02\/detroit-cuts-off-water-to-its-poorest-citizens","start":236,"end":243}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This leads to deteriorating property values and quality of life. But if and when money floods back into these neighborhoods, it can leave poorer residents without access to capital behind — forcing people out of their homes when they can’t afford steep increases in rent or property taxes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/02\/24\/lending-discrimination-black-borrowers-face-higher-hurdles-in-lending-study_n_1300509.html","start":155,"end":180}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other factors to consider are real-estate discrimination, socioeconomic status, and the lasting legacy of America’s discriminatory housing policies.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2014\/05\/the-racist-housing-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood\/371439\/","start":116,"end":147}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He has been a longtime advocate for fair and affordable housing. In his 1981 mayoral campaign in Burlington, Vt., he ran against the incumbent’s plans to raise property taxes and “proposed raising taxes on commercial property instead.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":23,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/05\/how-bernie-sanderss-radical-ideas-entered-the-municipal-mainstream-118447.html","start":154,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Once in office, the city required property owners to give residents two years notice before their apartments could be converted to condos as well as giving renters the preemptive right to buy converted units. Bernie prevented landowners from bulldozing affordable-housing units unless they first built an equal number of new units, and he implemented economic development projects and a communal land trust for affordable housing — policies considered radical in the early ‘80s but which are more commonplace today.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/05\/how-bernie-sanderss-radical-ideas-entered-the-municipal-mainstream-118447.html","start":441,"end":459}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As a senator, he’s fought to create the Health Trust Fund, which targets excess profits from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to provide a new dedicated revenue source for states to finance very-low-income rental housing construction and rehabilitation projects.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":40,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Conversation About Race","anchors":[{"name":"the-conversation-about-race","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie sees America’s persistent racial imbalances as a multi-layered problem. We must tackle discrimination inherent in the criminal justice system through sentencing reform and programs like community policing. Moreover, nothing will change if we don’t address the root causes of economic inequality and confront the hard truths of America’s history of racial injustice — from its roots in slavery to misguided policies meant to address the disparities today.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/sanders-we-have-got-to-apologize-for-slavery\/article\/2568017","start":319,"end":330}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Want to know more about Bernie’s views on the subject? Check out this video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KhzHvPVS81o","id":"KhzHvPVS81o"},{"text":"Read more about Bernie's racial justice policy platform at his campaign's site. And get a more in-depth look at his perspective and policies on the rights of specific groups of color, visit the Black Rights, Latino Rights, and Native American Rights issue pages.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":25,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-black-rights\/","start":194,"end":206},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":208,"end":221},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-native-american-rights\/","start":227,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","anchors":[{"name":"immigration-reform","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"“This country was built by immigrants,” Bernie has said. He believes we must reform our immigration system to invite greater innovation, diversity, and economic opportunity, and further must endeavor to fight racial discrimination against our immigrants of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":40,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many immigrants are there in the country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"As of 2013, there are 41.3 million foreign-born people living in the United States.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the racial demographics of our immigrant population?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Given that only 48 percent of the foreign-born reported their race as white, most immigrants here are people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":77,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Additionally, 26 percent self-reported as Asian, 15 percent as some other race, and more than two percent as having two or more races. Finally, 46 percent — or 19 million people — reported having Latino origins. As Latino is an ethnic and not a racial category, it’s hard to discern exactly how many of those are people of color.","type":"p"},{"text":"What are Bernie’s views on immigration generally?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie believes America’s current immigration system is broken and requires comprehensive reform. An important aspect of immigration reform, according to Bernie, is to establish some pathway to legal residency or citizenship for the 11 million undocumented workers living in the United States so that they need not work and live in the shadows.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":7,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":178,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"While he believes that border security is important for the country, Bernie doesn’t believe that a fence is the way to achieve that security. Finally, Bernie believes that our visa system must protect American jobs instead of simply allowing corporations to score cheap labor via temporary work visas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":76,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":151,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some racial justice issues our country faces with regards to immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"While not always correlated, language and race are closely entwined within the immigrant population, particularly given that most immigrants in the U.S. are people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":153,"end":172}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Attempts to make English the official language of the United States have been described as a way to circuitously make it legal for private and public entities to discriminate against people who cannot speak, read or write in English.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/19\/washington\/19immig.html","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"For instance, if English were legally designated as the national language, a government agency might be able to argue that it need not provide forms or information in any other language, hindering many immigrants’ ability to access social services and other essential public programs, not to mention basic information. In turn, this might discourage certain foreign-born from staying in America or deciding to come here.","type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done around language discrimination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted in 2007 against legislation that would have declared English the official language of the U.S. government, so as to enable government materials to still be available in other languages. In 2008, Bernie voted against a bill that would have cut funding from programs that would support people who had been fired from their jobs by employers who used their lack of English proficiency as an excuse.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_02n-ACLU.htm","start":7,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d110:SP1151:","start":57,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S058.htm","start":221,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are there elements of economic exploitation of immigrants in the United States? And is there a racial element to it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Unfortunately, yes. Bernie is very concerned with the exploitation of undocumented workers and their standard of living. He believes that such immigrants “have been routinely cheated out of wages, held virtually captive by employers who have seized their documents, forced to live in unspeakable inhumane conditions and denied medical benefits for on-the-job injuries.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/naleo-conference-remarks\/","start":70,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In a July 2015 speech, Bernie highlighted that “undocumented workers are doing the extremely difficult work of harvesting our crops, building our homes, cooking our meals, and caring for our children. They are part of the fabric of America.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MxX0jKrOYBU","start":5,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The racial element comes into play with the fact that of the 11 million undocumented people in America, 52 percent of the undocumented population are Mexicans alone. While we can’t know exactly what the racial breakdown is among those, it’s likely that many or even most are people of color. And while more precise demographic data about undocumented people in the U.S. is necessarily difficult to come by — they are undocumented after all! — they are likely comparably diverse to our general immigrant population, which consists mostly of people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/24\/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s\/","start":104,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":530,"end":555}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie want to address the economic exploitation of undocumented workers of color, and otherwise?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Given that Bernie believes undocumented workers are already part of the nation’s “fabric,” they should have a path to citizenship that will allow them to be fully participating members of American society and contributors to its economy.","type":"p"},{"text":"“Bringing undocumented workers out of the shadows will make it more difficult for employers to undercut the wages and benefits of all workers.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Check out the Immigration and Latino Rights issue pages for more on Bernie’s stance on these topics.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":14,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Religion & Beliefs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-religion-and-beliefs\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/RELIGION-BELIEFS-2-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/RELIGION-BELIEFS-2.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Religion & Beliefs","type":"h1"},{"text":"Separation of Church & State","links":[{"href":"#separation-of-church-and-state","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom (Non-Discriminatory Right to Express Faith or Non-Faith)","links":[{"href":"#religious-freedom-non-discriminatory-right-to-express-faith-or-non-faith","start":0,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s Beliefs","links":[{"href":"#bernies-beliefs","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Separation of Church & State","type":"h2"},{"text":"Establishment Clause","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/establishment_clause","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie encouraged the separation of church and state?","type":"h3"},{"text":"againstwere concernedviolated the Establishment Clause","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll254.xml","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/civilrights.org\/resource\/oppose-the-charitable-choice-provisions-of-watts-hall-community-solutions-act-hr-7\/","start":8,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/letter\/letter-house-urging-opposition-hr-7-community-solutions-act-2001","start":22,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/8883#.VbhpyvlVjuo","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3648\/community-solutions-act-amendment#.Vbhl1flVjup","start":5,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom (Non-Discriminatory Right to Express Faith or Non-Faith)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Free Exercise Clause","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/assets\/pdf\/civil-rights\/religiousfreedom\/PORF-HowConstProtRF.pdf","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie honor and uphold religious protections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in favor of marriage equality asked in an interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/#lgbtq-values-family-values","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-07-05\/bernie-sanders-says-he-d-let-religious-groups-against-gay-marriage-stay-tax-exempt","start":30,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about Bernie’s record with regards to religious freedoms.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Burwell v. Hobby Lobby","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/sebelius-v-hobby-lobby-stores-inc\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"statement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/supreme-court_ruling-an-attack-on-women-workers","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"friend-of-the-court brief","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/democratic-senators-to-file-amicus-brief-in-hobby-lobby-birth-control-case-025129006.html","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993law protects religious freedom","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/42\/2000bb","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Religious-Freedom-Restoration-Act","start":41,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"strong opponent Religious Freedom Restoration Act law was ostensibly written report by Politifact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-04-01\/democrats-turn-against-religious-freedom-laws-voters-don-t-agree-with-them-","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/iga.in.gov\/legislative\/2015\/bills\/senate\/101","start":16,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.indystar.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2015\/03\/31\/indianas-rfra-similar-federal-rfra\/70729888\/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin=","start":50,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/mar\/29\/mike-pence\/did-barack-obama-vote-religious-freedom-restoratio\/","start":77,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/B0XANj8ETLs","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s Beliefs","type":"h2"},{"text":"says he’s not “particularly religious.”Jewish with impressing upon him the important of politics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/Politics\/monitor_breakfast\/2015\/0611\/Bernie-Sanders-I-m-proud-to-be-Jewish","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/11\/02\/454051697\/sanders-could-be-the-first-jewish-president-but-doesnt-like-to-talk-about-it","start":39,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do his beliefs affect the way he works with faith groups?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/onpolitics.usatoday.com\/2015\/04\/28\/6-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"accepted an invitation from Liberty University ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/politics\/first-draft\/2015\/08\/05\/bernie-sanders-to-visit-liberty-university-a-rare-venue-for-a-democratic-campaign\/","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie spokebreakfast with South Carolina church leaders and pastors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Zlq1eOZkwk8","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2016\/02\/bernie-sanders-pitch-to-black-voters-in-south-carolina.html","start":12,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak met briefly with Pope Francispraised Pope Francis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ECK9_Bk9IIs","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Mal1VPv_Ybk","start":17,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4fEUfbdPuRg","start":46,"end":66}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Seniors","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-seniors\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ftb-seniors-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ftb-seniors.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Seniors","type":"h1"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pf-J47vouzI","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan The Right to a Secure Retirement to protect and expand Social Security, protect Pensions, Expand the Older Americans Act, and so much more. He has also released a Housing for All plan that would make it a fundamental right to have a safe, decent, accessible, and affordable home.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/housing-all\/","start":199,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","links":[{"href":"#social-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pensions: Workers who are owed pension benefits from their employer should be paid those benefits.","links":[{"href":"#pensions","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare: Coverage for seniors should be expanded to include vision, dental, hearing aids and other medical devices as well as mental health and substance abuse treatment. Bernie’s proposed Medicare for All bill includes","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":207,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs: the price of prescription drugs is too high.  The costs must be cut to be in line the the prices the rest of the world pays. The so-called Medicare Donut hole for prescription drugs must be closed so seniors can afford the medication they need and are not forced to choose between cutting medication in half or skipping doses.","links":[{"href":"#prescription-drugs","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid & Hospice Care: Until comprehensive universal healthcare is passed, we must expand and improve the Medicaid program to help low income seniors get the services they need.","links":[{"href":"#medicaid-hospice-care","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers: increasing community health clinics is necessary so lower income people can get the healthcare they need in the communities where they live.","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Assistance for Seniors: All Americans must have access to nutritious food, regardless of income or mobility. We must fund an expand food programs for seniors including Meals-on-Wheels.","links":[{"href":"#food-assistance","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Preventing Elder Abuse: Seniors must be protected from psychological and physical neglect and abuse as well as financial exploitation. We must fully fund the programs directed at ending abuse and strengthen reporting mechanisms.","links":[{"href":"#preventing-elder-abuse","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End of Life Choices: Terminally ill people have the right to preserve their dignity and determine how and when they die. Death with dignity laws that are enacted should not be attacked by the federal government.","links":[{"href":"#end-of-life-choices","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"Social Securitytrust fund$128,400fix social security","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL33028.pdf","start":15,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/COLA\/cbb.html","start":25,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":33,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"insurance program for workers In 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/trsum\/","start":29,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Social Security important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Insurance system  less than 10 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":33,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less reliable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yeah, yeah. But can I see a video that explains it with graphics and nice music?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here ya’ go","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds like there’s a lot at stake.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Quite a bit remain solvent until 203375 percent of promised benefitsdon’t have a pension insufficient savings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":11,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":37,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/06\/13\/heres-how-many-americans-have-nothing-at-all-saved-for-retirement.html","start":68,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/making-sense\/report-4-out-of-5-americans-have-less-than-a-years-income-saved-for-retirement","start":88,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s in the bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Social Security benefits by about $65 a month for most recipients.","Increase cost-of-living Adjustments for Social Security recipients.","Provide a minimum Social Security benefit to significantly reduce the senior poverty rate."]},{"text":"1.5 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Our Social Security Promises Act S.500","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.500:","start":40,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense.  But what about the cost of living increases, won’t that bankrupt the system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 1980 you would have gotten some change back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.slv.vic.gov.au\/whatitcost\/groceries","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce the amount of Social Security benefits CPI-Wspend a large portion of their income lower monthly benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":46,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":52,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":89,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie have to say about chained CPI?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statement on the floor of the Senate in 2012 here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":45,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits ","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83) in 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":38,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) questionnaire administered","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare ","type":"h2"},{"text":"bill includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make healthcare a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"bill includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers ","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Want to hear more? Watch this video.","type":"h3"},{"text":"What’s he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supportedintroducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Act of 2019billlower prescription drug pricespharmaceutical industry opposes the bill law enforcement groups expressed opposition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":87,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":97,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":139,"end":143},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":143,"end":173},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/1\/14\/18176707\/congress-drug-prices-hearing-pharmaceutical-ceos","start":173,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sheriffs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/NSA_Letter_Drug_Importation.pdf","start":214,"end":257}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"Medicaid & Hospice Care","type":"h2"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers Medicare beneficiaries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/medicaids-role-for-medicare-beneficiaries\/","start":6,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationvoted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":23,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Assistance for Seniors","type":"h2"},{"text":"Meals-on-Wheels","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporterbipartisan legislation S.1562,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":38,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food assistance for seniors","type":"h3"},{"text":"help fundlow-income seniors.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":9,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ending Elder Abuse","type":"h2"},{"text":"least 10% of adults age 65 reporting is lower in rural and tribal communities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1098056\/download","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1098056\/download","start":27,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/elder_abuse_statistics.jpg","type":"img","width":430,"height":310},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Victims of elder abuse","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/elder_abuse_stats.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":351},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to protect Seniors from exploitation and abuse? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"S.1562,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End of Life Issues","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is aid-in-dying? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Death with dignity statutes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deathwithdignity.org\/learn\/death-with-dignity-acts\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["California: End of Life Option Act 2015 ","Colorado: End of Life Options Act 2016","District of Columbia: D.C. Death with Dignity Act 2016","Hawaii: Our Care, Our Choice Act 2018","New Jersey: Aid in Dying for the Terminally Ill Act 2019","Oregon: Oregon Death with Dignity Act - 1994\/1997","Vermont: Patient Choice & Control at the End of Life Act 2013","Washington: Death with Dignity Act 2008"]},{"text":"safeguards","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deathwithdignity.org\/faqs\/#safeguards","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about aid in dying laws? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has Bernie said?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said in 2016","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/camd.northeastern.edu\/rugglesmedia\/2016\/04\/20\/right-to-die-in-america\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Women's Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k-350x228.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Women’s Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"addresses discrimination and pay equity, and workplace harassment100% ratingNARALPlanned Parenthood Action Fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/05\/08\/721560528\/sanders-campaign-workers-ratify-union-contract","start":0,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/evaluations\/27110\/bernie-sanders#.XNa8aqSxU2w","start":65,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prochoiceamerica.org\/about\/","start":76,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/","start":81,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","links":[{"href":"#sexual-reproductive-health","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","links":[{"href":"#pay-equity","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence","links":[{"href":"#sexual-and-domestic-violence","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","links":[{"href":"#equal-rights-amendment","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/united-against-the-war-on_b_1464730.html","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored the Freedom of Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d103:HR00025:@@@P","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There has been a lot of legislation in recent years that is an attack on a women’s rights to control their own bodies.","type":"h3"},{"text":"unprecedented wave of state-level abortion restrictions Hyde AmendmentHyde amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/gpr\/17\/1\/gpr170109.html","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/sfaa\/south_dakota.html","start":55,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":56,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fetal heartbeat bills restrict abortions at six or eight weeks during pregnancy, when many women do not know they are pregnant. ","Alabama law criminalizes performing an abortions with a 99 year sentence for doctors who are responsible for terminating a pregnancy. ","South Dakota requires state-directed counseling then a 72 hour waiting period before permitting an abortion procedure. ","South Dakota law, limits public funding for an abortion only if the mother’s life in endangered, not for cases of rape or incest.","“Trigger laws” that have been passed in some states will automatically make abortion illegal if Roe v. Wade is overturned and the decision to ban abortion is given to states "]},{"text":"many parts of the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2018\/5\/e186\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/screen-shot-2018-05-14-at-12-47-52-pm1.png","type":"img","width":627,"height":304},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"must travel 318 miles72 hour waiting period1–2 week follow up examination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-abortion-southdakota-idUSBRE92711L20130308","start":21,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthood.org\/health-center\/south-dakota\/sioux-falls\/57106\/sioux-falls-clinic-2738-90720\/abortion","start":43,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie actually accomplished as far as pro-choice legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Women’s Health Protection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Freedom of Choice Acttravel interstate  federal funding of organizationsfamily planningWomen’s Health Protection Act of 2013voted against defining an unborn child as eligible","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/00025\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Abortion","start":21,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm","start":39,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/00021\/cosponsors","start":72,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":87,"end":124},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S081.htm","start":124,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only nominate Supreme Court Justices who support Roe v. Wade","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/444448-sanders-pledges-to-only-nominate-scotus-justices-that-support-roe-v-wade","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But doesn’t Bernie want to reduce the number of abortions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Surveys show  42.4% of abortions in 2008poverty is highly correlated teenage pregnancy.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/content\/pdf\/1472-6874-13-29.pdf","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/greenjournal\/Fulltext\/2011\/06000\/Changes_in_Abortion_Rates_Betweeen_2000_and_2008.14.aspx","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/media\/nr\/2010\/05\/04\/index.html","start":40,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/sites\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/files\/wysiwyg\/Teen%20pregnancy%20prevention-%20Current%20Perspectives%202012.pdf","start":69,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"75% of women who have abortions are low-incomefar-reaching socioeconomic consequences,2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/nearly-half-of-women-who-have-abortions-live-below-in-the-federal-poverty-level-2019-05-17","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":46,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":86,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a living wageMedicare for Allpaid maternity and paternity leaveend the gender pay gapfree public higher education","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#universal-health-care","start":13,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":29,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/#pay-equity","start":63,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":85,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie is pro-choice. Where does he stand on access to contraceptives?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prevention First Actexpand funding for family planning and access to contraceptives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s21","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S21.htm","start":20,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","type":"h2"},{"text":"persistent wage gaps gender racerace within gendersexual orientationimmigrant v. U.S. born","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":21,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":32,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":50,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":68,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Gender Wage Gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap exists39 extra dayssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":25,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":38,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but wait—there’s no guarantee that those workers have the same job. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with the jobs and situations of workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2003 report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"J. and D. O’NeillWashington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w11240.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/fact-checker\/wp\/2015\/04\/02\/the-equal-pay-day-factoid-that-women-make-78-cents-for-every-dollar-earned-by-men\/","start":17,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is the pay gap calculated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"real median earnings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There is also a race wage gap within the gender wage gap.","type":"h3"},{"text":"BLS report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The wage gap is probably even worseNearly one quarter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worldwideEuropewidely underestimated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/earnwage\/gender-wage-gap.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Gender_pay_gap_statistics","start":9,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/multimedia\/maps-and-charts\/enhanced\/WCMS_650829\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but this doesn’t seem to control for other factors. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with workers’ specific situations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report GAO reportleaving the workforce temporarilyearnings 39% lower","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":17,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/publications\/still-mans-labor-market\/","start":50,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adjusting for all variables that may account for the lack of parity in wages still doesn’t fully explain away the gender wage gap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#epi-toc-9","start":0,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mapgender pay gap by state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":503},{"text":"report by the Joint Economic Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"8 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If the gap due to discrimination is just 8 percent, what’s the concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 Pew Research Center survey","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"One study estimates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than discrimination, what factors show women are paid less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"realityrun the household and be responsible for child-rearing dutieswomen who do most of this very important, uncompensated workreduced schedulesflexible work schedules2 or 3 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_19-03-22_genderpaygap_mothersmorethanfathers\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":7,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dev\/development-gender\/Unpaid_care_work.pdf","start":68,"end":128},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":128,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":168,"end":179}],"type":"p"},{"text":"flexible workreduces work opportunitiesbreaks in employmentthese choicesability to advance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/how-opportunity-gaps-are-holding-business-women-back-4580037","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":39,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":59,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/the-opportunity-gap-the-d_b_8479606","start":72,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unequal work means unequal paybecause of their own choicemake different job choices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/there-is-no-wage-gap-feminists-want-equal-pay-for-unequal-work\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-gender-pay-gap-is-overblown-2013-5?r=US&IR=T","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":57,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more complicatedjob","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/womens-work-and-the-gender-pay-gap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":16,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low-paying teaching, nursing, and service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/all_occupations_twitter.png","type":"img"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/newsroom\/on-equal-pay-day-comptroller-stringer-releases-first-of-its-kind-analysis-spotlighting-massive-gender-and-racial-wage-gaps-by-occupation-in-new-york-city\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justice to the issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/ruth-milkman-gender-labor-inequality-review","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to eliminate the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie findsAdopt Equal Pay for Equal Work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113116883488833536","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":12,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":9,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":38,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":69,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored read:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":11,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for Americavoted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":41,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":77,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reportpolicies that would helpfought for working familiescontinues to do so","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/ontheissues.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":57,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working PeopleEqual PayMinimum Wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":15,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":24,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment","type":"h2"},{"text":"report from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)According to the CDC","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":48,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much more has to be done","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done and said to address this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"votedViolence Against Women Act$1.6 billionOffice on Violence Against Womendropped more than 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":5,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":31,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ovw","start":43,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":75,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called forViolence Against Women Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119354987362996224","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/house-bill\/1585\/text","start":10,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredto protect LGBT victims","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":11,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about men? They suffer from abuse, too!","type":"h3"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s campaign doing about these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strongest protocols to prevent workplace harassment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Campaign-Equity-Blueprint.pdf","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","type":"h2"},{"text":"only ratified in 35 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.equalrightsamendment.org\/era-ratification-map","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the Equal Rights Amendment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"part of his 2020 platformcosponsorERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-joint-resolution\/15\/cosponsors","start":25,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":34,"end":37}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Workers’ Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights-350x106.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Criminal Justice","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_1280-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_1280.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Criminal Justice Reform","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_12801-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/jail-cells-429638_12801.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Criminal Justice","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Incarceration","links":[{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Police Reform","links":[{"href":"#police-reform","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Cash Bail","links":[{"href":"#end-cash-bail","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prison Reform","links":[{"href":"#prison-reform","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Capital Punishment","links":[{"href":"#capital-punishment","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Violent Crimegoing down and has been for decades","links":[{"href":"#violent-crime","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/01\/03\/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/","start":13,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Incarceration","type":"h2"},{"text":"2.3 million 4.6 millionover-incarceration is a misguided policy disproportionately targets people of color and the poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":11,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":23,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IiJn63y3TF0&feature=youtu.be&t=1h7m20s","start":63,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Start from the beginning. How many people are incarcerated in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"prison population global prison population go to jail 10.6 million times","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/massincarceration_problems.pdf","start":18,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":43,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/pie2019.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"4.6 million people on probation and parole correctional control calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fd.org\/news\/bureau-justice-statistics-reports-us-prisoner-population-continues-decline-2016","start":42,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":63,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/pie2019_correctional_control.png","type":"img","width":866,"height":644},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2018.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/state_driver_rates_1925-2015.png","type":"img","width":800,"height":600},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/graphs\/state_driver_rates_1925-2015.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that’s quite an increase. ","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/money2017.png","type":"img","width":800,"height":1600},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/money.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does prison rehabilitate people and reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"have decreased literacy rates limited access to education unsafe conditions makes it harder to get a job","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":58,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":76,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"68 percent of released prisoners","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/corrections\/recidivism\/pages\/welcome.aspx#statistics","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2014 National Research Council report recommended","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/18613\/chapter\/1","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/18613\/chapter\/1","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about how mass incarceration affects people of color.","type":"h3"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2019.html?c=pie&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI_L-bgIrn4gIVz53tCh1yxALbEAAYASAAEgIhHvD_BwE","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many thingsbarriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":43,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":74,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":102,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about the Crime Bill ","type":"h3"},{"text":"several versionscrime billJoe Biden","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/102\/s1241","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/s1607","start":16,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=lsK3aaYq9zA","start":26,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Senator Joe Bidenpushed1994 Crime Bill$10 billion in funding for prisons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=Wsq30E6OSVU","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/news.grabien.com\/story-flashback-joe-biden-brags-every-major-crime-bill-has-his-nam","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr3355","start":23,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/txtfiles\/billfs.txt","start":38,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Did the bill work to reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Not really an impressive, comprehensive study They found2015 Brennan Center report2017 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/pennsylvania\/statements\/2016\/apr\/08\/bill-clinton\/fact-checking-bill-clintons-philly-defense-his-con\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vtlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/18613.pdf","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2014\/09\/12\/347736999\/20-years-later-major-crime-bill-viewed-as-terrible-mistake","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/analysis\/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf","start":56,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":82,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie have to say about the bill at the time?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a punishment bill, a retribution bill, a vengeance bill.see below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","start":56,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Bernie was so against this bill, why did he vote for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Violence Against Women Act Bernie said at the time","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nowldef.org\/history-vawa","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wuenGIA3YwI","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie said about mass incarceration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"South Carolina spends more money on prisons than schoolscost of keeping people locked up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118893087542120449","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/opinion\/2019\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-heres-what-has-change-south-carolina-and-nation\/3495182002\/","start":56,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unspeakable tragedy one in three black males more likely to be","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/dc-politics\/bernie-sanders-asks-congress-to-spend-55-billion-on-1-million-jobs-for-youths\/2015\/06\/04\/0354e9dc-0ae6-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.naacp.org\/pages\/criminal-justice-fact-sheet","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":44,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"June 2015 Senate address","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie propose we do about all this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Reduce the number of people in jails","type":"h4"},{"text":"ban private prisonsending cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":19,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yes an appropriations bill study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/cgi-bin\/vote.asp?year=2000&rollnumber=317","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/4690\/text","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/238012.pdf","start":33,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a costly and destructive and ineffective the rising rates of heroin use","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/heroin\/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states","start":41,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legalize marijuanaend the prohibition of cannabis2019 legislation to legalize marijuana","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237","start":18,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/28\/cory-booker-introduces-bill-to-legalize-marijuana-nationwide.html","start":49,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Drug Policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported has been shown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00110","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/183644.pdf","start":9,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce recidivism rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/news\/local\/south-carolina\/2019\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-spartanburg-greenville-sc\/3514494002\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"argues are caught in a crisis, particularly in the black communities by the age of 23jobs, not jails\" school-to-prison pipeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=13WBk90ZLcs#t=0m38s","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/citing-crisis-in-ferguson-sanders-to-propose-youth-jobs-bill","start":6,"end":67},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/01\/08\/us-usa-race-arrests-idUSBREA071FJ20140108","start":68,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":85,"end":100},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=04pcSyzwoTg","start":102,"end":127}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["A massive infrastructure bill that would put millions of Americans to work on rebuilding America’s crumbling infrastructure.","A Green New Deal, which would transform our economy and create thousands of jobs. ","A plan to provide job training for at-risk youths. ","Raise the minimum wage to $15. ","The Free College For All Act to make all public colleges and universities tuition-free, so that everyone can afford a higher education."]},{"text":"Improve education ","type":"h4"},{"text":"plan to reform the education systemreinvestilliteracy and crime are closely related60 percent of prisoners85 percent of juveniles70 percent of inmates cannot read above a fourth grade levelDepartment of Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":35,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/09\/27\/us\/education-lessons.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=BC8DEC69DEEEE807A66A5AE8AEAF14DB&gwt=pay","start":43,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":83,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":106,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=69","start":129,"end":189},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/Digitization\/141324NCJRS.pdf","start":189,"end":210}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stop discrimination against people with criminal records","type":"h4"},{"text":"put an end to the discrimination people with criminal records faceEducation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":66,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Employment Minimum Wage Racial Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":17,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":30,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Police Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the scope of the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Eric Garner Tamir RiceWalter Scott Sandra Bland many, many, more murder of Michael Brown Black Lives Matter movement. chilling images","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnewyork.com\/news\/local\/Eric-Garner-Chokehold-Police-Custody-Cause-of-Death-Staten-Island-Medical-Examiner-269396151.html","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/jun\/11\/tamir-rice-police-officer-murder-charge","start":12,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2015\/04\/07\/south-carolina-police-officer-will-be-charged-with-murder-after-shooting\/","start":23,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/newly-released-dashcam-video-shows-sandra-bland-arrest-n396191","start":35,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/gawker.com\/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349","start":48,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/interactive\/2014\/08\/us\/ferguson-brown-timeline\/","start":65,"end":88},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-partisan\/wp\/2015\/02\/27\/from-trayvon-martin-to-black-lives-matter\/","start":89,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537","start":118,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/d.newsweek.com\/en\/full\/264553\/fergusoncops.jpg?w=737&f=4c271fc914ef72ba8e02b381e8fc2953","type":"img","width":737,"height":448},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"police killed nearly 1,000 peoplePolice killed 1,165 peopleare on average 35 years oldChicago alone spent $500 million from 2011 -2018 maps police violence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/investigations\/nationwide-police-shot-and-killed-nearly-1000-people-in-2017\/2018\/01\/04\/4eed5f34-e4e9-11e7-ab50-621fe0588340_story.html?utm_term=.5ddc1b6ffc2b","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theroot.com\/here-s-how-many-people-police-killed-in-2018-1831469528","start":34,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2018\/05\/the-57375-years-of-life-lost-to-police-violence\/559835\/","start":60,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagoreporter.com\/chicago-spent-more-than-113-million-on-police-misconduct-lawsuits-in-2018\/","start":87,"end":135},{"href":"https:\/\/mappingpoliceviolence.org\/","start":136,"end":156}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some instances of institutional discrimination against African Americans and Hispanics by the police?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Black drivers are stopped by the police at higher rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/5harad.com\/papers\/100M-stops.pdf","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"searched more often","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2017\/06\/statistical-analysis-of-data-from-20-states-suggests-evidence-of-racially-biased-policing.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the hard numbers behind how police violence disproportionately affects people of color?","type":"h3"},{"text":"victims killed by police 40 percent of unarmed individuals","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/nibrs\/addendum-for-submitting-cargo-theft-data\/shr","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/national\/2015\/08\/08\/black-and-unarmed\/","start":25,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"twice their rate in the general population","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/police-killing-of-blacks\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/files\/2018\/03\/Screen-Shot-2018-07-10-at-10.38.45-AM.png","type":"img","width":1950,"height":1092},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/police-killing-of-blacks\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"self-reported","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/us-police-killings-what-the-data-tells-us-563f8b052452","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"July 2015 speech Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/sclcnational.org\/our-history\/","start":17,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continued","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"not isolated incidents and are not a new problem,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-draws-thousands-to-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie propose we do to deter police misconduct?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken very strongly police accountability believingStrong citizens review boards","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LtkGLk7M7zs","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=35&v=EbxobSrrC68#t=0m30s","start":7,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":21,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/economyincrisis.org\/content\/bernie-sanders-lets-focus-on-jobs-not-militarizing-our-police","start":43,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/scholars.org\/brief\/how-civilian-review-boards-can-further-police-accountability-and-improve-community-relations","start":53,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"community policing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-watch\/wp\/2014\/08\/14\/after-ferguson-how-should-police-respond-to-protests\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"as Bernie identifies it","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-speaks\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"community policing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cops.usdoj.gov\/html\/dispatch\/05-2018\/walking_a_beat.html","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase education and training requirements for officers","Train all police in dispute resolution and de-escalation techniques","Taser and pepper spray should not be used to force compliance","Require police to live in the neighborhoods where they patrol ","Recruit from minority neighborhoods.","Allow qualified people with non-violent offenses to become police","Involve the community in decisions affecting their neighborhood ","Cooperate with communities to solve problems "]},{"text":"supporter of police body cameras","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=35&v=EbxobSrrC68t=1m6s","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"For more information read Bernie's comprehensive plan to reform the criminal justice system.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Cash Bail ","type":"h2"},{"text":"465,000 peopleconsequence crime to be poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/blog\/2018\/08\/15\/pretrial\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/cash-bail-reform-myths-criminal-justice\/","start":14,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/its-a-crime-to-be-poor-in-america-bail-reform\/","start":25,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believessaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1127987019391676416","start":8,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prison Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"unconstitutionally bad prison industrial complex federal tax breaks to private prisons reduce recidivism rates more prisons than colleges in the country","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/alabama-prison-conditions-are-unconstitutional-investigation-finds-2019-05-15\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":22,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/washwire\/2015\/03\/01\/sanders-to-obama-dont-wait-for-congress-on-tax-overhauls\/","start":48,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d110:SN01060:@@@L&summ2=m&","start":86,"end":109},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/01\/06\/the-u-s-has-more-jails-than-colleges-heres-a-map-of-where-those-prisoners-live\/","start":110,"end":151}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is the prison system itself a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"risen 790 percent 37 percentdo little to benefit their local communities promisesabysmal conditions very likely to get rearrested","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R42937.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/03\/09\/for-profit-prisons-are-bad-but-the-drug-war-is-the-problem.html","start":18,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartleby.com\/essay\/Private-Prisons-Negativly-Impact-State-and-Local-PKCYYLNYTJ","start":29,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/11\/05\/142058047\/who-benefits-when-a-private-prison-comes-to-town","start":73,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":82,"end":100},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/corrections\/recidivism\/pages\/welcome.aspx#statistics","start":100,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie do to reform the prison system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"tax loophole Justice is Not For Sale Act of 2015banned private prisonswatch him introduce the bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-obama-to-close-six-egregious-corporate-tax-loopholes","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/summary-of-justice-is-not-for-sale-?inline=file","start":13,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/summary-of-justice-is-not-for-sale-?inline=file","start":49,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-A8HgT7Pp_Q","start":71,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/sponsor-content\/2016\/02\/we-must-end-for-profit-prisons","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Private prisons harm minorities ","Prisoners are abused: underfed, assaulted, patients are abused, assaults encouraged","Immigrants are being victimized ","The prisons profit from abuse and mistreatment","Prison industry money is corrupting the political process","The prison lobby influences prison policy and immigration policy","Prison families are being exploited","Young people are being mistreated and exploited"]},{"text":"May 2019, he wrote an essay","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/@SenSanders\/abolish-for-profit-prisons-cb9496f93a0b","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"nationwide strike","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/aug\/20\/prison-labor-protest-america-jailhouse-lawyers-speak","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"thrown in solitary confinementgovernment markets prison laborbusinesses very low or no wageswork that includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/aug\/23\/prisoner-speak-out-american-slave-labor-strike","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/8\/24\/17768438\/national-prison-strike-factory-labor","start":30,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ranker.com\/list\/companies-in-the-united-states-that-use-prison-labor\/genevieve-carlton","start":61,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/blog\/2017\/04\/10\/wages\/","start":71,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/8\/24\/17768438\/national-prison-strike-factory-labor","start":92,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Remove other financial incentives to incarcerate","type":"h4"},{"text":"profityouths abusedmistreatedprofits influence over prison policyimmigration policycorrupt the political process","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/grassrootsleadership.org\/reports\/payoff-how-congress-ensures-private-prison-profit-immigrant-detention-quota#1","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/pennsylvania-seeks-close-books-kids-cash-scandal-n408666","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2014\/06\/30\/3454874\/michigan-prisons-aramark-contract\/","start":13,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/prison-doctor-allegedly-took-away-inmates-wheelchair-to-punish-him-for-complaining-about-abuse-6a910a1074a6\/","start":19,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/prison-profiteers\/","start":29,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/hidden-history-alec-and-prison-labor\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/how-us-private-prisons-profit-from-immigrant-detention\/","start":65,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/posteverything\/wp\/2015\/04\/28\/how-for-profit-prisons-have-become-the-biggest-lobby-no-one-is-talking-about\/","start":83,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restore the federal parole system ","type":"h4"},{"text":"The Justice is Not for Sale Act would’ve also","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-house-leaders-introduce-bill-to-ban-private-prisons","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eliminate mandatory minimum sentencing ","type":"h4"},{"text":"alternative sentencing eliminate mandatory minimum sentencing nonviolent drug offenders","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nolo.com\/legal-encyclopedia\/sentencing-alternatives-prison-probation-fines-30294.html","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2015\/07\/23\/bernie_sanders_on_police__prison_reforms_millions_of_lives_have_been_destroyed.html","start":23,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/famm.org\/the-facts-with-sources\/","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Drug Policy issue pageMass Incarceration section","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":22,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give voting rights to prisoners","type":"h4"},{"text":"should be allowed to vote from prisoncounted in the censusgerrymandering toolMaine and Vermont","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2019\/04\/06\/bernie-sanders-says-states-should-felon-voting-rights-election-2020-iowa-caucus\/3388679002\/","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-census-prison-population_n_5a7cb966e4b044b3821b0507","start":37,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonersofthecensus.org\/","start":58,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/politics-news\/states-rethink-prisoner-voting-rights-incarceration-rates-rise-n850406","start":77,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Focus on rehabilitation and reintegration","type":"h3"},{"text":"one of the fewshown to dramatically reduce recidivismLiteracy programs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/election-2016\/20-examples-bernie-sanders-powerful-record-civil-and-human-rights-1950s","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4&feature=youtu.be","start":7,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2013\/08\/22.html","start":15,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/09\/27\/us\/education-lessons.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=BC8DEC69DEEEE807A66A5AE8AEAF14DB&gwt=pay","start":54,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restoring Education and Learning Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2423\/text","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating jobs and job training programs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education Youth Employment Economy pages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":10,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":27,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Capital Punishment","type":"h2"},{"text":"abolish the death penalty2016 the Democratic Party, and Bernie endorsed abolishing the death penalty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/democratic-platform-death-penalty_n_5776d56de4b0a629c1aa0984","start":25,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In response to learning that the 166th innocent prisoner had been freed from death row in the U.S., Bernie simply said, \"Abolish the death penalty.\"","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1143942651999412225","start":120,"end":148}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the death penalty in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"majority of all executions","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"problematic for a number of reasons","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do most Americans feel about the death penalty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"historic lows","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/national-polls-and-studies","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the death penalty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"his own words","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1ABSxeJ4IRc&feature=youtu.be&t=1m9s","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what actions has Bernie taken to reduce the use of capital punishment?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"voted for an amendment to the Crime Bill a bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/103rd-congress\/house-amendment\/503","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll020.xml","start":41,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Civil Asset Forfeitures","type":"h2"},{"text":"Civil forfeiture","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/criminal-law-reform\/reforming-police-practices\/asset-forfeiture-abuse","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I didn’t know this was happening. What is Bernie doing about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"serious reform to civil asset forfeiture","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Violent Crime","type":"h2"},{"text":"Violent crime is going down and has been for decades24,70317,250","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/01\/03\/5-facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/htus8008.pdf","start":52,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/ucr.fbi.gov\/crime-in-the-u.s\/2016\/crime-in-the-u.s.-2016\/tables\/table-1","start":58,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"places with the highest rates of violent crimes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kdvr.com\/2015\/05\/08\/by-the-numbers-here-are-the-most-dangerous-cities-in-america\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.imgur.com\/YLUA0wz.jpg?quality=85&strip=all","type":"img","width":1362,"height":780},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kdvr.com\/2015\/05\/08\/by-the-numbers-here-are-the-most-dangerous-cities-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/prisonphotography.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/prisonpop.jpg?w=498&h=457","type":"img","width":498,"height":457},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisonphotography.org\/2015\/01\/07\/the-u-s-has-more-prisons-than-colleges\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/simplemaps.com\/static\/img\/viz\/unemployment\/unemployment11172016.png","type":"img","width":1557,"height":1065},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/simplemaps.com\/viz\/unemployment","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study2015 Brennan Center report2017 study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vtlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/18613.pdf","start":1,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/analysis\/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf","start":6,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":32,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on gun crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"background checks passing a federal ban on semi-automatic weapons closing loopholes national instant background check system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-rejects-assault-weapons-ban-background-checks","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":18,"end":65},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":66,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16582\/public-safety-and-second-amendment-rights-protection-act#.VbfWO1UViko","start":84,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent interview many perpetrators of mass shootings","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2015\/06\/24\/417180805\/bernie-sanders-walks-a-fine-line-on-gun-control","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.psmag.com\/health-and-behavior\/actually-know-connections-mental-illness-mass-shootings-gun-violence-83103","start":17,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here Gun Policy issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#mental-health","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","start":5,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And how about his record and policies on domestic and sexual violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15 percent of all violent crime","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncadv.org\/statistics","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much more has to be done","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted Violence Against Women Act $1.6 billion Office on Violence Against Women dropped more than 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":6,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violence_Against_Women_Act","start":33,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_on_Violence_Against_Women","start":46,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":79,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor to protect LGBT victimsBernie will reauthorize","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/empower-tribal-nations\/","start":34,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about men? They suffer from abuse, too!","type":"h3"},{"text":"[:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre Justicia Criminal","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders cree que Estados Unidos de América desperdicia muchos de sus recursos en la aplicación excesiva a la pena de prisión y a las políticas de criminalidad desacertadas, y que este dinero se podría emplear mejor en brindar educación, capacitación y empleos para aquellos que se quedarían perdidos en el sistema actual de justicia criminal. Bernie es también partidario de una reforma policial mediante una mayor transparencia y responsabilidad ante sus acciones, y la desmilitarización de las fuerzas policiacas estadounidenses.","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cpqSFTXu5CY","id":"cpqSFTXu5CY"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#mass-incarceration","label":"Encarcelación Masiva","description":"Estados Unidos encarcela a demasiadas personas; un porcentaje desproporcionado de éstas son personas de color. En vez de gastar más recursos en la encarcelación de personas quienes no son una amenaza a la sociedad — tal cual los usuarios de narcóticos no violentos — Bernie propone que dediquemos más recursos a la educación, capacitación y a empleos para así reducir la tasa de crímenes."},{"href":"#police-reform","label":"Reforma policial","description":"Bernie opina que las fuerzas policiales deben ser desmilitarizadas y deben de ser responsables por sus prácticas abusivas. Además, el uso de cámaras es necesario para asegurar la toma de responsabilidad y debemos priorizar el patrullaje comunitario y no las estrategias que lleven a la violencia."},{"href":"#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","label":"Cambiando la naturaleza de la encarcelación","description":"Bernie busca abolir las cárceles privadas y enfocarse en rehabilitar, mediante educación y capacitación, a aquellos quienes han estado encarcelados para mejorar su oportunidad de lograr el éxito laboral al salir."},{"href":"#capital-punishment","label":"Pena de muerte","description":"Las naciones civilizadas no ejecutan a los prisioneros. En casos de crímenes excepcionalmente inhumanos, Bernie favorece la cadena perpetua en vez de la muerte, con la opinión de que la vida en prisión es un castigo suficiente."},{"href":"#violent-crime","label":"Crimen violento","description":"Estos crímenes son un azote a la nación, por eso Bernie sabe que este problema se puede resolver mediante el control prudente de las armas de fuego y con la inversión a programas que promueven métodos mejores para la prevención de violencia doméstica y sexual."}]},{"text":"Encarcelación Masiva","anchors":[{"name":"mass-incarceration","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que Estados Unidos malgasta demasiado de sus recursos en el exceso de encarcelamiento y sus políticas desacertadas sobre la criminalidad — y que este dinero podría de ser de mayor provecho para proveer empleos y educación para aquellos que de otra forma se perderían dentro del sistema de justicia criminal. Más aún, a Bernie le preocupa grandemente cómo nuestro quebrado sistema de justicia criminal fija desproporcionadamente como objetivo a las personas de color y a los pobres.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":86,"end":162},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IiJn63y3TF0&feature=youtu.be&t=1h7m20s","start":427,"end":506}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comienza desde el principio. ¿Cuántas personas son encarceladas en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La población penal en Estados Unidos es de más de 2.3 millones. Mientras que Estados Unidos compone solamente cinco por ciento de la población global, nuestra población penal compone un 25 por ciento de la población penal del mundo. Incluyendo a aquellos que están bajo libertad condicional y en probatoria, uno de cada 31 adultos estadounidenses está bajo algún tipo de control correccional.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/brownschool.wustl.edu\/Faculty\/ResearchCenters\/Concordance\/Pages\/Facts-About-Mass-Incarceration.aspx","start":3,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/massincarceration_problems.pdf","start":206,"end":231},{"href":"http:\/\/www.naacp.org\/pages\/criminal-justice-fact-sheet","start":371,"end":391}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De hecho, nosotros tenemos más personas encarceladas que cualquier otro país en el mundo, un hecho al que Bernie le llama una “vergüenza internacional”—","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":116,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-globally.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"El punto interesante es que en Estados Unidos no siempre ha sido así. Aquí puedes ver cuánto nuestro índice de encarcelación ha aumentado durante el último siglo:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/US-rates-over-time.jpg","type":"img","width":445,"height":512,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"¡Diantres! Eso es un aumento significativo. Dime más de cómo la encarcelación masiva afecta a las personas de color.","type":"h3"},{"text":"La mayoría de la población penal en Estados Unidos es masculina y menor de 40 años, y una cantidad desproporcionada de ella está compuesta de personas de color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Los jóvenes varones negros tienen seis veces más probabilidad de ser arrestados que los jóvenes varones blancos. De los varones negros entre las edades de 20 a 34 años sin un diploma de graduación de la preparatoria, 37 por ciento son encarcelados mientras que solamente 26 por ciento pertenecen a la fuerza trabajadora.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":34,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Los datos concretos dicen mucho — los índices por encarcelación tanto para las personas negras como para los latinos han incrementado más rápidamente que para los blancos:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-all-races.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un a un informe de 2013 del Sentencing Project, un grupo de apoyo e investigación, uno de cada tres hombres negros puede esperar ir a prisión en algún momento de su vida, comparado con uno de cada 17 hombres blancos. Y, esta gráfica demuestra específicamente cómo las personas negras están siendo arrestadas desproporcionadamente por crímenes relacionados con las drogas:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":16,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/drug-arrest-rate-for-blacks-and-whites.jpg","type":"img","width":486,"height":446,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"Este vídeo destaca la parcialidad racial en el sistema estadounidense del sistema judicial criminal:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cGFdIEZRH5k","id":"cGFdIEZRH5k"},{"text":"¿Cuánto nos cuesta la encarcelación masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mucho:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/spending.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":370,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"¿Vale la pena esta inversión masiva? ¿El ir a la cárcel reduce el crimen y reforma a las personas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Acerca de la reforma de las personas, la contestación es no. De hecho, la encarcelación agrava la situación. Los jóvenes que son encarcelados o están en centros de detención de menores tienen un nivel de alfabetización disminuído, pueden esperar calificaciones más bajas, los índices del abandono de la escuela son mayores, y terminan cometiendo más crímenes. Más allá de padecer de acceso limitado a la educación o condiciones seguras mientras están en prisión, el tener antecedentes penales les hace más difícil el conseguir empleo — en particular a las personas negras:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/tavissmiley\/tsr\/education-under-arrest\/school-to-prison-pipeline-fact-sheet\/","start":185,"end":229},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":383,"end":413},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":416,"end":435},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":493,"end":533}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Racial_impact_of_criminal_record_interview_callback.jpg","type":"img","width":500,"height":393,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2015\/04\/03\/race-criminal-background-and-employment\/"},{"text":"Y con respecto a la reducción en crímenes, la contestación también es no. Dentro de los primeros cinco años de haber salido de prisión, el 76.6 por ciento de los descarcelados son arrestados nuevamente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/corrections\/recidivism\/pages\/welcome.aspx#statistics","start":139,"end":154}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Un informe en 2014 de Consejo Nacional de Investigación — el cual estudió años de evidencia de las tendencias de crímenes, causas del alza de las poblaciones penales, y las consecuencias de la encarcelación — concluyó que casi cada aspecto de la “históricamente sin precedente e internacionalmente única” alza desde los 1970s de encarcelamiento no ha valido la pena los beneficios en la disminución del crimen. De hecho, el informe recomendó que Estados Unidos debiera revisar sus leyes actuales de condena (en particular respecto a la aplicación de la ley de drogas) y reduzca los índices en las prisiones.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":11,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":432,"end":441}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(Como si esto no fuera suficientemente malo, ¡el ir a prisión puede significar el perder el derecho al voto! Debido a las leyes estatales que restringen a los criminales convictos de votar, uno de cada 13 estadounidenses negros están privados del derecho al voto, lo cual significa que sus voces se han perdido dentro del proceso democrático. Conoce más detalles sobre la posición de Bernie acerca de la privación del derecho a votar por haber cometido delitos aquí.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":190,"end":262},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":461,"end":465}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Bueno, la encarcelación en masa no está funcionando. ¿Bernie está de acuerdo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Definitivamente. Bernie ha sido por mucho tiempo un crítico de la dependencia excesiva de nuestro sistema judicial en la encarcelación como respuesta para la disminución de la tasa criminal. Aún en 1991, Bernie se expresó en contra de lo que él consideró como un, “supuesto proyecto de ley para reducir la criminalidad… vamos a ser honestos, esto no es un proyecto de ley para reducir la criminalidad, esto es un proyecto de ley para castigos” —","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aZJ7f-3XGB4","id":"aZJ7f-3XGB4"},{"text":"Dime más sobre este “proyecto de ley para prevenir el crimen”.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hubo varios “proyectos de ley sobre la criminalidad” en los 1990s. El proyecto de ley de 1991 al cual Bernie se refiere en el vídeo fue una versión previa del proyecto de ley que eventualmente se aprobó como ley. Presentado por el senador Joe Biden (D-DE) y firmado por el presidente Bill Clinton, la Ley de Control del Crimen Violento y del Reforzamiento de la Ley de 1994 (conocido comúnmente como “el Proyecto de Ley del Crimen”) fue el proyecto de ley más grande en la historia de los Estados Unidos proveyendo casi $10 mil millones en financiamiento para las prisiones y casi $6 mil millones para los programas para la prevención del crimen, entre otras muchas provisiones controversiales tales como la condena mandatoria mínima y la prohibición de algunas armas de asalto.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/102\/s1241","start":136,"end":174},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/s1607","start":213,"end":255},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr3355","start":298,"end":373},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/txtfiles\/billfs.txt","start":515,"end":573}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Funcionó el proyecto de ley en disminuir la criminalidad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Como se mencionó anteriormente, la mayoría de los estudios demuestran que las leyes “fuertes contra el crimen” solamente disminuyen levemente los índices de criminalidad a expensas de las comunidades de personas de color y de bajo ingreso. La Academia Nacional de Ciencias publicó un estudio impresionante y exhaustivo acerca de los efectos de la encarcelación extensa con respecto a los índices de la criminalidad. Ellos encontraron que existía “solamente una relación moderada entre la encarcelación y la disminución de los índices de criminalidad.” Para más información sobre los efectos de la encarcelación en masa, véase más arriba.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vtlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/18613.pdf","start":281,"end":318},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2014\/09\/12\/347736999\/20-years-later-major-crime-bill-viewed-as-terrible-mistake","start":416,"end":433},{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":620,"end":636}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué dijo Bernie acerca del proyecto de ley en aquel momento?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Como viste en el vídeo más arriba, Bernie denunció al proyecto de ley previo como “un proyecto de ley para el castigo, un proyecto de ley de retribución, un proyecto de ley de venganza”. Él siempre ha sostenido que en vez de poner nuestro dinero en las prisiones, debemos de atacar la raíz del crimen invirtiendo más dinero en la educación y en el desarrollo económico. Para más sobre esto, véase más abajo.","links":[{"href":"#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","start":391,"end":406}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Si tienes unos minutos disponibles, escucha a Bernie explicando el proyecto de ley solamente unos meses antes de su votación:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/standalone\/?c4547586"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Si Bernie estaba tan opuesto a este proyecto de ley, ¿por qué votó por él?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie admitió que “este no era un proyecto de ley perfecto”, pero él entendía que ciertas partes del proyecto de ley eran de suprema importancia. Bernie quería apasionadamente pasar, en particular, la Ley de Violencia Contra la Mujer, una de las provisiones claves del proyecto de ley sobre la criminalidad. Bernie dijo en ese momento, \"Yo tengo un número de serios problemas con el proyecto de ley sobre la criminalidad, pero una sección a la cual le he dado mi apoyo enérgicamente es a la Ley de Violencia Contra la Mujer. Necesitamos urgentemente los $1.8 mil millones de este proyecto de ley para combatir la epidemia de violencia contra la mujer en las calles y dentro de los hogares de Estados Unidos”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nowldef.org\/history-vawa","start":202,"end":234},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wuenGIA3YwI","start":309,"end":335}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Escucha a Bernie explicar la importancia de las provisiones como razón para su respaldo a este Proyecto de Ley Sobre la Criminalidad:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wuenGIA3YwI","id":"wuenGIA3YwI"},{"text":"Comprendo. ¿Qué más ha dicho Bernie sobre la encarcelación masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Más recientemente, Bernie ha destacado la “tragedia indescriptible” que, si las tendencias recientes continúan, uno de cada tres varones negros nacidos en este país puede esperar, en algún momento de su vida, el estar en prisión o encarcelado.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/dc-politics\/bernie-sanders-asks-congress-to-spend-55-billion-on-1-million-jobs-for-youths\/2015\/06\/04\/0354e9dc-0ae6-11e5-9e39-0db921c47b93_story.html","start":43,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.naacp.org\/pages\/criminal-justice-fact-sheet","start":112,"end":143}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie vincula la actividad criminal con la escasez de oportunidades económicas, y las investigaciones demuestran que las personas tras las rejas tienen mayor probabilidad de ser jóvenes negros quienes no han tenido acceso a una buena educación o capacitación de empleo. Como Bernie declaró en un discurso al Senado en junio de 2015:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":153,"end":171},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":294,"end":332}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“No es un gran secreto que, sin un empleo, sin educación, sin esperanza, la gente se mete en problemas… el resultado es que trágicamente en Estados Unidos hoy tenemos más personas en prisión que en cualquier otro país en el mundo”.","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TUCjPY8OOAY","id":"TUCjPY8OOAY"},{"text":"Así que, ¿qué propone hacer Bernie sobre todo esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie apoya las sentencias alternativas en casos de crímenes no-violentos relacionados con drogas y se opone a las sentencias mínimas mandatorias actuales para las ofensas no-violentas. En 2000, él votó a favor en un proyecto de ley para apropiacionesque apoyaba las sentencias alternativas en cuanto a los programas de rehabilitación. Un estudio en 2012 del Servicio Nacional de Consultas de Justicia Criminal informó que programas como estos pueden tener resultados positivos en cuanto se refiere a reducir la población penal y proveer tratamientos efectivos para la drogadicción.En general, Bernie ve la “guerra contra las drogas” como algo costoso y destructivo, y reconoce que las leyes actuales contra las drogas han sido inútiles. Mira, por ejemplo, los índices crecientes del uso de la heroína. Bernie está convencido que el tratamiento, no el castigo, es la respuesta. (Lee más acerca de la Política sobre las drogas en la página del tema.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/cgi-bin\/vote.asp?year=2000&rollnumber=317","start":199,"end":211},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/4690\/text","start":215,"end":252},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/238012.pdf","start":340,"end":347},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":645,"end":666},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/heroin\/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states","start":758,"end":802},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":901,"end":926}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie respalda al programa de COPS, el cual ha incrementado el número de oficiales de la policía en áreas de crimen elevado y ha demostrado una reducción consistente en los crímenes violentos. Más allá, Bernie ha argumentado que el enfocarse en las raíces económicas de la criminalidad es mucho más eficaz en función de los costos y un enfoque más humanitario a la reducción de la criminalidad.De mayor importancia es que Bernie enfatiza que la juventud de nuestra nación, especialmente en las comunidades negrasestán atrapadas en una crisis económica. Porque la mitad de los varones jóvenes negros serán arrestados para cuando tengan 23 años y el desempleo de los jóvenes es tan alto, él aboga porque el enfoque se base en una intervención temprana para empoderar a ciudadanos productivos en vez de crear jóvenes delincuentes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00110","start":7,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/183644.pdf","start":127,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=13WBk90ZLcs#t=0m38s","start":211,"end":225},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/citing-crisis-in-ferguson-sanders-to-propose-youth-jobs-bill","start":474,"end":513},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/01\/08\/us-usa-race-arrests-idUSBREA071FJ20140108","start":617,"end":643}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El disminuir los índices catastróficos de encarcelación en los jóvenes insuficientemente instruidos y subempleados requiere de proveerles oportunidades económicas significativas. Bernie está convencido que necesitamos “empleos, no prisión.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":219,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Con esta meta, él ha propuesto un proyecto de ley masivo que pondría a millones de estadounidenses a trabajar para poder reconstruir la derrumbada infraestructura del país, otro para proveer capacitación en empleos para nuestra juventud en riesgo, y otro que aumentaría el salario mínimo — que actualmente está a $7.25 la hora, lo cual él le denomina como un “salario de inanición” — a $15. (Conoce más en Empleo de Jóvenes, El salario mínimo y La brecha racial en los salarios en páginas de temas.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":31,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":183,"end":214},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L4MWQ13reOc","start":360,"end":380},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":406,"end":423},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":425,"end":442},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":445,"end":477}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Más aún, Bernie quiere aumentar el acceso a la educación y a la capacitación para empleos, para que menos jóvenes — de color y otros por igual — sean empujados a través de la tubería de la escuela a la cárcel. De hecho, Estados Unidos ha sobre-invertido en prisiones a tal punto que hay más prisiones que colegios en el país. A este fin, Bernie presentó también la Ley de Universidad Para Todos, la cual busca que todos los colegios y universidades estatales tengan colegiatura gratuita, para que todos podamos permitirnos una educación superior. (Aprende más en la páginas de temas sobre la Educación y Justicia Racial.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=04pcSyzwoTg","start":175,"end":208},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/01\/06\/the-u-s-has-more-jails-than-colleges-heres-a-map-of-where-those-prisoners-live\/","start":287,"end":324},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":365,"end":394},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":592,"end":601},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":604,"end":619}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforma Policial","anchors":[{"name":"police-reform","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Las tácticas policiales estadounidenses, en particular en las áreas urbanas, son excesivamente violentas y afectan desproporcionadamente a las personas negras, según expone Bernie en su discurso de mayo de 2015:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IiJn63y3TF0?start=4040","id":"IiJn63y3TF0"},{"text":"¿Cuál es el alcance del problema?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante el pasado año, la violencia y la brutalidad policial han sido temas de debate nacional. Como país, hemos batallado para hacer sentido de los vídeos que han capturado los asesinatos de personas negras desarmadas a manos de policías, tales como Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Walter Scott, Sandra Bland, y muchos, muchos más. ¿A quién se le pueden olvidar las imágenes escalofriantes de la policía de Ferguson, MO preparándose para las protestas civiles colocándose equipo militar y transitando por las calles montados en tanques de guerra?","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnewyork.com\/news\/local\/Eric-Garner-Chokehold-Police-Custody-Cause-of-Death-Staten-Island-Medical-Examiner-269396151.html","start":251,"end":262},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/jun\/11\/tamir-rice-police-officer-murder-charge","start":264,"end":274},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2015\/04\/07\/south-carolina-police-officer-will-be-charged-with-murder-after-shooting\/","start":276,"end":288},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/newly-released-dashcam-video-shows-sandra-bland-arrest-n396191","start":290,"end":302},{"href":"http:\/\/gawker.com\/unarmed-people-of-color-killed-by-police-1999-2014-1666672349","start":306,"end":324},{"href":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537","start":360,"end":383}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/fergusoncops.jpg","type":"img","width":945,"height":552,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537"},{"text":"Al 28 de julio de 2015, por lo menos 168 personas han sido asesinadas por la policía estadounidense. De estos 168 asesinatos, solamente dos de los oficiales han sido acusados de los crímenes. Y tan sólo en 2010, se han gastado casi $350 millones en juicios civiles y acuerdos relacionados a la conducta policial inapropiada.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mappingpoliceviolence.org\/","start":59,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.policemisconduct.net\/statistics\/2010-annual-report\/","start":227,"end":245}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuáles son las cifras reales de cómo la violencia policial afecta desproporcionadamente a las personas de color?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mientras que las personas negras componen solamente un 13% de la población, ellos constituyen un 31 por ciento de todas las víctimas asesinadas por la policía. Las negros son casi un 40 por ciento de individuos desarmados asesinados por la policía utilizando un arma de fuego y el 42 por ciento de individuos desarmados asesinados por la policía por otro medio que no fuese un arma de fuego.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/nibrs\/addendum-for-submitting-cargo-theft-data\/shr","start":124,"end":158},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/national\/2015\/08\/08\/black-and-unarmed\/","start":183,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La data del FBI, la cual es muy preocupante, demuestra que los adolescentes negros tienen una probabilidad 21 veces más grande de ser asesinados por la policía que un adolescente blanco:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/police-killings-2-graphic-630.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":664,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/deadly-force-in-black-and-white"},{"text":"Y recuerda que las estadísticas sobre los tiroteos de la policía son reportadas por ellos mismos, por lo tanto, esta data subestima probablemente la depresiva y lamentable situación.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2014\/09\/08\/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows\/","start":69,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es la posición de Bernie ante todo esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha denunciado con fuerza la brutalidad policial. En un discurso en julio 2015, dirigiéndose a la Conferencia de Líderes Cristianos del Sur(SCLC, por sus siglas en inglés) , una organización principalmente en pos de los derechos civiles de los negros, que fue dirigida por Martin Luther King, Jr. y la cual puede trazar sus comienzos al boicot a los autobuses de Montgomery, Bernie comentó sobre la política de violencia en contra de las personas de color:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":62,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/sclcnational.org\/our-history\/","start":104,"end":145}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Demasiados afroamericanos hoy tienen que lidiar con la crisis racial de justicia mientras que a su vez se las arreglan con los efectos de la pobreza y la privación económica, tales como la droga, el crimen, y la desesperación.","type":"quote"},{"text":"… Como una vez dijo Martin Luther King, Jr.: La ley y el orden existen con el fin de establecer la justicia y cuando fallan en este fin se convierten en diques peligrosamente estructurados que detienen el flujo del progreso social.","type":"quote"},{"text":"A lo largo de nuestra nación, demasiados afroamericanos y otras minorías se encuentran sometidos a un sistema que trata a los ciudadanos quienes no han cometido algún crimen como si fueran criminales. Un creciente número de comunidades no confían en la policía y a su vez la policía se ha desconectado de esas comunidades a las cuales han jurado proteger.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, Rekia Boyd, Eric Garner, Walter Scott, Freddie Gray, Tamir Rice. Conocemos sus nombres. Cada uno de ellos murió desarmado y en manos de la policía. La consigna se está escuchando más fuerte. La gente está enojada. Yo estoy enojado. Y la gente tiene el derecho a estar enojada. La violencia y la brutalidad, de cualquier tipo, particularmente en manos del orden público el cual ha juramentado proteger y servir a nuestras comunidades, es inaceptable y no se debe tolerar.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Debemos reformar nuestro sistema de justicia criminal. Las vidas de los ciudadanos negros sí importan. Y debemos valorar la vida de los negros.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie no ve a estos como incidentes aislados o como un reflejo de los eventos recientes, él dijo: “Cualquiera que piense que esto no ha estado sucediendo década tras década estaría muy equivocado”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-draws-thousands-to-texas-rallies\/","start":7,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Él lucha por un Estados Unidos donde “jóvenes hombres o mujeres negros puedan caminar por las calles sin preocuparse de ser arrestados erróneamente, golpeados, o asesinados”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":3,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué propone Bernie que podemos hacer para impedir la conducta indebida de la policía?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie se ha expresado muy fuertemente sobre la necesidad urgente de la responsabilización policial. . Bernie se enfoca particularmente en la desmilitarización de la policía, convencido que todo el dinero que gastamos en equipo pesado y armas se puede invertir mejor en empleos y en educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LtkGLk7M7zs","start":13,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":72,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/economyincrisis.org\/content\/bernie-sanders-lets-focus-on-jobs-not-militarizing-our-police","start":175,"end":185}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie es partidario del uso de cámaras al cuerpo en la policía para disuadir, detectar y eliminar la conducta inapropiada y apoya el aumentar los fondos federales a aquellos municipios que las implementen.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=35&v=EbxobSrrC68t=1m6s","start":10,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":125,"end":163}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Él apoya también la vigilancia comunitaria, la misma que “enfatiza la interacción sobre la reacción, el desacelerar sobre la fuerza bruta, y que la policía debe tener una participación en la comunidad a la cual sirven”. La pregunta, según la identifica Bernie, es, “¿Cómo podemos tener en este país departamentos de policía que sean parte de su comunidad, no opresores en ellas?”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-watch\/wp\/2014\/08\/14\/after-ferguson-how-should-police-respond-to-protests\/","start":20,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-speaks\/","start":233,"end":259}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LtkGLk7M7zs","id":"LtkGLk7M7zs"},{"text":"Reforma de las Prisiones\/h2>\r\nEl actual sistema con fines de lucro de las prisiones estadounidense es injusto e inefectivo. Bernie quiere desmantelar el complejo industrial de prisiones y limitar las deducciones fiscales a las prisiones privadas. Además, él opina que aquellos que están encarcelados deben ser rehabilitados a través de la educación y capacitación de empleo para prepararles para el éxito cuando sean puestos en libertad y reducir las tasas de reincidencia.\r\n¿Por qué es el sistema penitenciario como tal un problema?\r\nLa población penal de Estados Unidos ha crecido 790 por ciento desde el 1980. El encarcelamiento en las prisiones privadas se ha disparado un 37 por ciento solamente entre 2002 y 2009. Las prisiones privatizadas hacen muy poco para beneficiar sus comunidades locales, a pesar de sus promesas. Muchas de estas facilidades también fallan en acatar las leyes estatales y mantienen “condiciones pésimas” para sus prisioneros.\r\nMás aún, el encarcelamiento no rehabilita. Los estudios de la Oficina de Estadísticas Judiciales demuestran que los prisioneros liberados son muy probablemente arrestados nuevamente:\r\nDentro de tres años, cerca de 2 terceras partes de los prisioneros liberados fueron arrestados nuevamente\r\n\tDentro de cinco años, cerca de tres cuartas partes fueron arrestados nuevamente\r\n\tDe esos arrestados nuevamente, más de la mitad fueron arrestados nuevamente para el final del primer año.\r\n\tEspecíficamente, 82.1 por ciento de infractores contra los bienes, 76.9 por ciento de los infractores de la droga, 73.6 por ciento de infractores contra el orden público, y 71.3 por ciento de infractores violentos fueron arrestados nuevamente.\r\nAsí que, ¿qué haría Bernie para reformar el sistema penitenciario?\r\nEn primer lugar, Bernie se opone a la privatización de las prisiones, diciendo:","anchors":[{"name":"changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"“Necesitamos acabar con las prisiones con fin de lucro, las cuales resultan en un sobre-estímulo a arrestar, encarcelar, y detener, para así poder mantener las camas de las prisiones ocupadas”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Él le ha pedido a la Casa Blanca que tome acción ejecutiva para que cierre tax loophole que le permite a las prisiones privadas no pagar impuestos corporativos sobre ingresos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-obama-to-close-six-egregious-corporate-tax-loopholes","start":75,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie también ha presentado recientemente el Justice is Not For Sale Act of 2015 (Acto de La Justicia No Está a la Venta de 2015), cuál prohibiría totalmente las cárceles privadas. El proyecto de ley también restauraría el sistema federal de libertad condicional, para ayudar a reducir la proliferación del encarcelamiento masivo y eliminar la cuota inhumana por el número de inmigrantes indocumentados mantenidos en detención.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/summary-of-justice-is-not-for-sale-?inline=file","start":46,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-house-leaders-introduce-bill-to-ban-private-prisons","start":182,"end":200}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después, Bernie trataría de encontrar cómo mantener fuera de prisión a los ofensores no violentos a través de condenas alternativas, lo cual es un término elegante de decir a través de la rehabilitación y programas de servicio a la comunidad. Él quiere eliminar las sentencias mínimas mandatorias, las cuales son uno de los impulsores primarios tras el aumento dramático de ofensores no violentos de drogas en la población penal. Por eso es que él también quiere reformar la política de drogas de los Estados Unidos. (Infórmate más en la página temaria de Política de Drogas, y en la sección de Encarcelación Masiva de más arriba.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nolo.com\/legal-encyclopedia\/sentencing-alternatives-prison-probation-fines-30294.html","start":110,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2015\/07\/23\/bernie_sanders_on_police__prison_reforms_millions_of_lives_have_been_destroyed.html","start":253,"end":296},{"href":"http:\/\/famm.org\/the-facts-with-sources\/","start":374,"end":406},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":538,"end":574},{"href":"#mass-incarceration","start":584,"end":615}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sin embargo, dado que algunas personas tendrán que enfrentar el encarcelamiento, su periodo tras las rejas deben facilitar su rehabilitación. Bernie fue uno de los pocos miembros del Congreso que se opuso a cortar a los prisioneros del programa de Becas Pell, la cual les daba acceso a educación superior y había demostrado reducir dramáticamente la reincidencia. De llegar a la presidencia, Bernie haría más accesible la educación a los encarcelados:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/election-2016\/20-examples-bernie-sanders-powerful-record-civil-and-human-rights-1950s","start":153,"end":159},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4&feature=youtu.be","start":160,"end":169},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2013\/08\/22.html","start":313,"end":362},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=udKPBp8yqBsC&pg=PA2598&lpg=PA2598&dq=We+do+not+do+a+good+job+of+reintegrating+those+people+into+society.&source=bl&ots=GSrC23Aufe&sig=kqvehYAeILuAbk-MkYswDpLOHFs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAGoVChMIxvXO-OmQxwIVQ9IeCh2A4gw8#v=onepage&q=We%20do%20not%20do%20a%20good%20job%20of%20reintegrating%20those%20people%20into%20society.&f=false","start":432,"end":450}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“No estamos haciendo un buen trabajo de reintegrar a estas personas a la sociedad. El resultado es una cantidad inmensa de dolor, destrucción humana, y una cantidad enorme de gasto a los contribuyentes estadounidenses”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Por último, Bernie está agudamente consciente de la interrelación entre el crimen y la oportunidad económica. Por esta razón, él se concentraría en crear empleos y en la capacitación laboral para la juventud estadounidense, igual que financiar un sistema de colegiatura gratuita en universidades públicas. Para mayor información, visita las páginas sobre Educación, Empleo Juvenil, y Economía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":148,"end":190},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":355,"end":364},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":366,"end":380},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":384,"end":392}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pena Capital","anchors":[{"name":"capital-punishment","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie se opone a la pena capital, y ha votado por legislación favoreciendo a la encarcelación por encima de la pena capital.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es el estatus de la pena de muerte en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mientras que dos terceras partes de los países han abolido la pena capital, Estados Unidos no lo ha hecho. La mayoría de las ejecuciones se llevan a cabo en cinco naciones — China, Irán, Corea del Norte, Yemen, y los Estados Unidos.Un informe de Amnistía Internacional en 2012 especificó una variedad de asuntos relacionados a la pena de muerte en Estados Unidos, incluyendo el prejuicio racial, el uso arbitrario, la indiferencia por la salud mental, los altos costos fiscales, la no disuasión de los crímenes violentos, y el reclamo de vidas inocentes debido a condenas erróneas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":110,"end":136},{"href":"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/pdfs\/DeathPenaltyFactsMay2012.pdf","start":292,"end":311}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo se sienten la mayoría de los estadounidenses acerca de esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El apoyo a la pena capital está en una baja histórica, con 56 por ciento de los estadounidenses apoyándola, pero con bajas enormes que han sido reportadas en ciertos grupos demográficos. Por ejemplo, mientras que 71 por ciento de los demócratas la apoyaban en 1996, solamente un 40 por ciento la apoya ahora. Más aún, entre 2011 y 2015, hubo una baja de 10 puntos entre las mujeres que apoyaban la pena capital, 8 puntos entre las personas menores de 30 años, y 7 puntos entre los Republicanos conservadores. Los estadounidenses se oponen a la pena de muerte para los enfermos mentales por un margen de 2 a 1, y una mayoría — 52 por ciento — apoya la cadena perpetua sobre la pena capital.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/deathpenaltyinfo.org\/national-polls-and-studies#Pew;CBS","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es la posición de Bernie con respecto a la pena de muerte?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie se opone categóricamente a la pena capital. Él ha dicho:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1ABSxeJ4IRc&feature=youtu.be&t=1m9s","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Hay personas que cometen crímenes horrendos, horrendos, horrendos… estamos enfurecidos con ellos, no podemos entender esa barbaridad. Pero yo pienso que con tanta violencia en el mundo hoy en día, yo no puedo pensar que el estado como tal… debe de estar en el negocio de matar gente. Así que cuando tienes personas que han hecho cosas terribles, terribles, ellas van a pasar el resto de su vida en la cárcel y eso ya es castigo suficiente”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué acciones ha tomado Bernie para disminuir el uso de la pena capital?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 1991, en un discurso a la Cámara de representantes, él clamó por el fin del “asesinato por el estado”:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aZJ7f-3XGB4?start=25","id":"aZJ7f-3XGB4"},{"text":"En 1994, Bernie votó por una enmienda al proyecto de ley del crimen que remplazaría la pena de muerte con cadena perpetua. En 1998, él votó a favor de un proyecto de ley que requeriría cadena perpetua en vez de la pena capital en cualquier caso en el que la culpabilidad del acusado fuese incierta.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/103rd-congress\/house-amendment\/503","start":16,"end":67},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll020.xml","start":151,"end":169}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Crimen Violento","anchors":[{"name":"violent-crime","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Estados Unidos es todavía uno de los países más violentos en el mundo, con una tasa de asesinatos casi cinco veces la de otros países industrializados. Bernie aboga por un control razonable de las armas, mejores programas de vigilancia policial, y más financiamiento dirigidos a la violencia doméstica y a la violencia sexual.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com.au\/us-vs-western-homicide-rates-2014-11","start":121,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Explícame más sobre nuestras tasas de crímenes violentos.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mientras que ninguna de las ciudades europeas o asiáticas clasifican entre las 50 ciudades más violentas del mundo, los Estados Unidos ostentan con cinco. Más aún, ciudades como Baltimore, Md., St.Louis, Mo., Detroit, Mich., y Oakland, Ca. manejan unas tasas de asesinatos de cinco a diez veces mayores que el promedio nacional.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.criminaljusticedegreehub.com\/violent-crime-us-abroad\/","start":116,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/ChartOfTheDay_1693_Detroit_is_Americas_Most_Dangerous_City_n.jpg","type":"img","width":960,"height":684},{"text":"En crímenes con armas de fuego, específicamente, la data nacional de 2011 del FBI demuestra que las armas de fuego fueron usadas en 68 por ciento de los asesinatos, en 41 por ciento de los robos, y en 21 por ciento de los asaltos agravados — y que la mayoría de los homicidios en Estados Unidos son cometidos con armas de fuego.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nij.gov\/topics\/crime\/gun-violence\/Pages\/welcome.aspx","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La violencia doméstica es también un asunto grande en Estados Unidos, el cual compone un 15 por ciento de todos los crímenes violentos. En adición, una en cada cinco mujeres (y uno en cada 71 hombres) en Estados Unidos han sido víctimas de violación. Casi la mitad de las víctimas de cualesquiera de los dos géneros son violados por alguien conocido, y casi el 41.5 por ciento de las víctimas femeninas y el 29 por ciento de las víctimas masculinas fueron violadas por un compañero íntimo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/ndv0312.pdf","start":89,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es la postura de Bernie con respecto al crimen con armas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha votado a favor de requerir verificación de antecedentes para prevenir que las armas caigan en manos de criminales y de personas con enfermedades mentales, pasando una prohibición federal a las armas semiautomáticas, y cerrando las brechas que les permiten a los vendedores privados en las exhibiciones de armas y en Internet venderle a individuos sin verificación de antecedentes previos. Bernie ha votado también a favor de un sistema nacional de verificación instantánea de antecedentes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-rejects-assault-weapons-ban-background-checks","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":165,"end":224},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":228,"end":248},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16582\/public-safety-and-second-amendment-rights-protection-act#.VbfWO1UViko","start":438,"end":498}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pero él no cree que el control de las armas resuelva todos nuestros problemas. Bernie opina que tenemos que encarar la crisis en cuestiones de salud mental en nuestro país, declarando en una entrevista reciente:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2015\/06\/24\/417180805\/bernie-sanders-walks-a-fine-line-on-gun-control","start":191,"end":210}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Necesitamos un control de armas razonable y fuerte, y yo lo apoyaría. Pero algunas personas creen que esto va a resolver todos nuestros problemas, y no es así. Y, ¿sabes qué? Tenemos una crisis en la capacidad para encarar las enfermedades mentales en este país. Cuando las personas sufren y están preparados a hacer algo terrible, nosotros tenemos que actuar de inmediato. Nosotros no tenemos esa capacidad y la deberíamos tener”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Dado que muchos de los autores de tiroteos en masa han sido identificados como personas que sufren de enfermedades mentales, Bernie está convencido que al expandir el acceso al cuidado de la salud mental podemos resolver algunas de las causas fundamentales de los crímenes violentos relacionados a las armas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.psmag.com\/health-and-behavior\/actually-know-connections-mental-illness-mass-shootings-gun-violence-83103","start":9,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Encuentra más información sobre las posturas de Bernie sobre el acceso al cuidado de la salud mental aquí y sobre las armas en la página de tema de la Política de las Armas.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#mental-health","start":101,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","start":127,"end":172}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Y ¿qué tal de su récord y políticas sobre la violencia doméstica y la violencia sexual?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que las tasas de violencia sexual y doméstica contra las mujeres — y los hombres — son muy altas, y que “hay que hacer mucho más.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":118,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie votó en agosto de 1994 a favor de la Ley de Violencia en Contra de la Mujer (VAWA, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual permitía la autorización de $1.6 mil millones hacia el investigar y procesar la violencia doméstica y sexual y creaba la Oficina de Violencia Contra la Mujer. Desde que VAWA fue aprobada en 1994, los incidentes de violencia doméstica contra la mujer han disminuido en más de un 50 por ciento.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":7,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":44,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violence_Against_Women_Act","start":153,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Office_on_Violence_Against_Women","start":246,"end":282},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":379,"end":416}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2012, Bernie co-patrocinó la Ley de Reautorización de sobre la Violencia en Contra de las Mujeres de 2013, un proyecto de ley que reanudaba las provisiones de la previa ley VAWA e incluía provisiones adicionales para la protección de víctimas LGBTQ, expandía el acceso a justicia para las víctimas en las reservaciones indígenas, y extendía la protección a las víctimas inmigrantes.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":16,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":215,"end":251}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué tal de los hombres? ¡Ellos sufren de abuso también!","type":"h3"},{"text":"Es completamente cierto que hay hombres que son víctimas de la violencia doméstica, y Bernie apoya a todas las víctimas de la violencia doméstica. Aunque en el título de VAWA solamente dice “mujeres”, el texto dispositivo es género-neutral y aplica tanto a hombres como a mujeres, incluyendo a las personas transexuales.[:]","type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Drug Policy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/cannabis-448661_1920-350x219.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/cannabis-448661_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Drug Policy","type":"h1"},{"text":"a costly, destructive, and ineffectivethe rising rates of heroin use","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/heroin\/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states","start":39,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"War on Drugs","links":[{"href":"#current-state-of-the-war-on-drugs","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Treatment for Drug Offenders","links":[{"href":"#treatment-for-drug-offenders","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legalize Marijuana","links":[{"href":"#legalize-marijuana","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing the Heroin and Opioid Epidemics","links":[{"href":"#addressing-the-heroin-epidemic","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here's a link to Bernie's plan to legalize marijuana and his comprehensive plan, Justice and Safety for All,  to reform the criminal justice system.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/legalizing-marijuana\/","start":33,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":81,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"War on Drugs","type":"h2"},{"text":"War on Drugs has failedmajority of Americans are ready to end the War on Drugs ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/global-war-drugs-has-been-spectacular-failure-1181831","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/press-release\/2014\/04\/new-pew-poll-confirms-americans-ready-end-war-drugs","start":23,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mass incarceration of all federal inmates only 3.2 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bop.gov\/about\/statistics\/statistics_inmate_offenses.jsp","start":18,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bop.gov\/about\/statistics\/statistics_inmate_offenses.jsp","start":41,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/slowrevealgraphs.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/05\/screen-shot-2019-05-02-at-2.09.46-pm.png","type":"img","width":661,"height":433},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/slowrevealgraphs.com\/2019\/05\/06\/first-slowrevealgraph-special-collection-incarceration-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much has the war on drugs cost us?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at least $100 billion annually$1 trillion dollars since 1980 on drug law enforcement aloneless effective than health-based approaches","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/how-much-your-money-wasted-war-drugs","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.countthecosts.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Economics-briefing.pdf","start":31,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/how-drug-courts-are-falling-short","start":91,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/www.drugwarfacts.org\/sites\/default\/files\/fy2018_budget_request.png","type":"img","width":1329,"height":726},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drugwarfacts.org\/chapter\/economics","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has the war on drugs increased the prison population?","type":"h3"},{"text":"500 percent increase In 1980Compare that to now The Economist","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/wasted-tax-dollars","start":21,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/13237193","start":29,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/13237193","start":48,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/drug-offenses-prison-jail-alt.png","type":"img","width":1817,"height":1577},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minorities are disproportionately represented in the prison system, and this is a direct result of the War on Drugs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"population is black one-in-three chance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/3Q8hZ-Luj5kUWG37Rj3Fn4PtgYI=\/486x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GNUS4DOXCY3TVFCGDOFAJEWNCA.jpg","type":"img","width":486,"height":446},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"links the War on Drugs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6d9poJU6Kiw?t=22m40s","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007 Smarter Sentencing Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_08-S1060.htm","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1410","start":50,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Treatment for Drug Offenders","type":"h2"},{"text":"save on the cost of imprisonment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/addiction.surgeongeneral.gov\/vision-future\/time-for-a-change","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the alternative to imprisoning drug offenders?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Justice Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justicepolicy.org\/images\/upload\/10-06_FAC_ForImmediateRelease_PS-AC.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yes an appropriations bill study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/cgi-bin\/vote.asp?year=2000&rollnumber=317","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/4690\/text","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/238012.pdf","start":33,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"not as effective as hoped.There aren’t enough treatment options","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/phr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/phr_drugcourts_report_singlepages.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/phr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/phr_drugcourts_report_singlepages.pdf","start":26,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why don’t people who need drug treatment have access to it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has risen over 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/247659-sanders-pushes-for-lower-price-for-heroin-overdose-drug","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"According to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2015\/05\/24\/addiction-treatment-shortage\/27181773\/?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzRss&utm_campaign=usatoday-newstopstories","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118953979612942340","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else is Bernie doing to reform our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"1991 1994","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LTn3jUoMdVI","start":5,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice Reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legalize Marijuana","type":"h2"},{"text":"recognizes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119334103961063425","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Marijuana Justice Act of 2019NORML endorsed Bernie for President,has given him  an “A+” gradelegislative track record.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/597\/all-info","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/norml.org\/action-center\/item\/commit-to-vote-for-bernie-sanders","start":29,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/vote.norml.org\/politicians\/450","start":65,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/where-presidential-candidate-bernie-sanders-stands-on-marijuana\/","start":93,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"end the prohibition of cannabis2019 Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1552\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Marijuana+Freedom+and+Opportunity+Act%22%5D%7D&r=2&s=1","start":31,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie really want to erase marijuana convictions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Yes, he does. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/10157843518667908?comment_id=10157846091487908&reply_comment_id=10157846341962908&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"1 million Californians","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theroot.com\/if-democratic-lawmakers-get-their-way-1-million-convic-1835442694","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"expungement of marijuana convictionsexpanding drug treatment clinics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1101171170005708802?lang=en","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-opioid-legislation","start":36,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support ‘Ban the Box’ too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"ban the box’believes this will","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/121775\/ban-box-people-criminal-records-it-works","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/241627-dems-press-obama-to-ban-the-box","start":12,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This one change could help the more that 14 million ex-convicts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/121775\/ban-box-people-criminal-records-it-works","start":0,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported medical marijuana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Schedule I substance","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dea.gov\/druginfo\/ds.shtml","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"disagrees with this classification believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/where-presidential-candidate-bernie-sanders-stands-on-marijuana\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=29m41s","start":34,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=29m41s","start":35,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported States’ Rights to Medical Marijuana Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/cregphe","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2592","start":10,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why can’t businesses use banks in states that have legalized?","type":"h3"},{"text":"hesitant to work with marijuana-related businesses remains the case today","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/08\/11\/3690124\/colorado-pot-banking-freeze-out-fourth-corner\/","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/21\/marijuana-banking_n_4791193.html","start":51,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie tried to do anything about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/hr2076","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/2016-election\/bernie-sanders-calls-end-federal-prohibition-marijuana-n453406","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie ever inhaled?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has inhaled","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/06\/02\/when-it-comes-to-marijuana-bernie-sanders-is-kind-of-a-disappointing-ex-socialist-hippie\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Heroin and Opioid Crisis","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the heroin epidemic?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Time Magazine reported overdoses increased by 286%","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3946904\/heroin-epidemic\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.poison.org\/articles\/opioid-epidemic-history-and-prescribing-patterns-182","start":22,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the opioid crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"public health emergency5-Point Strategy To Combat the Opioid Crisis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/news\/2017\/10\/26\/hhs-acting-secretary-declares-public-health-emergency-address-national-opioid-crisis.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/leadership\/secretary\/speeches\/2017-speeches\/secretary-price-announces-hhs-strategy-for-fighting-opioid-crisis\/index.html","start":23,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve been hearing about fentanyl in the news. It that part of this crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 2016 with over 20,000 deaths from fentanyl","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poison.org\/articles\/opioid-epidemic-history-and-prescribing-patterns-182","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/images\/epidemic\/3WavesOfTheRiseInOpioidOverdoseDeaths.png","type":"img","width":886,"height":625},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fentanyl is more potent,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/03\/30\/707742138\/why-the-latest-fentanyl-surge-is-hitting-some-communities-harder-than-others","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How serious is the opioid crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The numbers are alarming","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/opioids-by-the-numbers-01-17-19.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":495},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/about-the-epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where is this happening in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/2oqz471sa19h3vbwa53m33yj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/opioid-epidemic.png","type":"img","width":1070,"height":1142},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/americas-opioid-epidemic\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing about this crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes lacks the infrastructure necessary","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/13328\/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-2016\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"McDowell County, West Virginia highest rates of drug overdose deaths in West Virginia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0yfkUWXBkyY","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dhhr.wv.gov\/bhhf\/Sections\/programs\/ProgramsPartnerships\/AlcoholismandDrugAbuse\/Research\/Documents\/County%20Profiles\/McDowell%20County%202014.pdf","start":30,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"gut wrenching desperation and hopelessness that is crushing the people there","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/life-in-mcdowell-county","start":0,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Opioid Crisis Accountability Act, establish criminal penaltiesSUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2691\/text?format=txt","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-legislation-to-hold-opioid-makers-accountable-","start":34,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/115-2018\/s221","start":62,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers and Primary Care Workforce Expansion Act of 2019INTERDICT Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/sanders-announces-bill-to-expand-community-health-center-funding","start":0,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/house-bill\/2142\/text","start":73,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) of 2016","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/524\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Addiction Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1365\/cosponsorshttps:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1365\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some things that might help?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All and Expanding Medicaid","type":"h4"},{"text":"20 percent of adults in the U.S. suffer from chronic painback paintreat injuries and pain","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/topics\/opioids-chronic-pain\/protocol","start":0,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2019\/03\/27\/opioid-crisis-insurers-employers-back-pain\/","start":57,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nsc.org\/safety-first-blog\/sports-injuries-behind-many-opioid-addictions-1","start":66,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare must be expanded to meet the needs of this crisis","type":"h4"},{"text":"not enough treatment facilities in the affected areas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/blogs\/stateline\/2016\/09\/26\/still-not-enough-treatment-in-the-heart-of-the-opioid-crisis","start":0,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers should be given sick days","type":"h4"},{"text":"return to work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2709720","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"We need Needle Exchange and Harm Reduction programs","type":"h4"},{"text":"injection drug useSafe disposal of used syringesSome overdoses can be prevented","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/idu.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/ssps.html","start":18,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2019\/02\/12\/693653562\/church-of-safe-injection-offers-needles-naloxone-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses","start":48,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Safe injection sitesneedle exchange sites","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/07\/645609248\/whats-the-evidence-that-supervised-drug-injection-sites-save-lives","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/ssps.html","start":20,"end":41}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Gun Policy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/animal-17760_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/animal-17760_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Gun Policy","type":"h1"},{"text":"interviewGun Control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-gun-control\/index.html","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"#gun-control","start":10,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Manufacturer Liability","links":[{"href":"#manufacturer-liability","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Improve Mental Health: Gun control is not the only solution to curbing the epidemic of gun violence. There must be other efforts to assist those with mental health issues in order to prevent suicides by firearms or mass shootings at public places.","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take On The NRA: The National Rifle Association (NRA) is a powerful lobbying group with too much influence over gun legislation. Bernie wants to take on the NRA and limit their political influence so we can pass meaningful gun reforms.","links":[{"href":"#take-on-nra","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gun Control","type":"h2"},{"text":"background checks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-rejects-assault-weapons-ban-background-checks","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What examples are there to show this divide between rural and urban communities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gun-friendly state lowest rate of gun-related crime","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/nrd\/articles\/357090\/armed-and-progressive","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/381136\/vermont-safe-and-happy-and-armed-teeth-charles-c-w-cooke","start":19,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie believe gun legislation in the United States should be handled?","type":"h3"},{"text":"middle-ground legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsmax.com\/us\/us-dem-2016-sanders-louisiana\/2015\/07\/26\/id\/658976\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"To what extent does Bernie believe that gun regulation should be a federal issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"nationwide ban nationwide ban expanded background checks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Gun_Control.htm","start":15,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":30,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes assault weapons, as well as magazines holding more than ten bullets, should be banned nationwide. Why?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What about bump stocks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Route 91 Harvest Music Festival shooter used a bump stock","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/09\/26\/650454299\/the-politics-of-bump-stocks-one-year-after-las-vegas-shooting","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“provide an effective workaround to convert a legal weapon into an illegal one.”banned on March 29, 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/915699332824928257?lang=en","start":0,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2019\/03\/26\/bump-stock-ban-where-to-turn-in-knox-atf\/3274917002\/","start":80,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the gun show loophole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gun show loophole only ten states Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180225141803\/http:\/\/nashvillecitypaper.com\/content\/city-news\/gun-shows-internet-keep-weapons-flowing-around-background-checks","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.governing.com\/gov-data\/safety-justice\/gun-show-firearms-bankground-checks-state-laws-map.html","start":18,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act","start":34,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie propose to do about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expanded background checks national instant background check system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16582\/public-safety-and-second-amendment-rights-protection-act#.VbfWO1UViko","start":27,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie believe we should address mass shootings and other gun-related violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent interview that 23 percent of the perpetrators of mass shootings","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2015\/06\/24\/417180805\/bernie-sanders-walks-a-fine-line-on-gun-control","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.psmag.com\/health-and-behavior\/actually-know-connections-mental-illness-mass-shootings-gun-violence-83103","start":17,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#mental-health","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#violent-crime","start":5,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That may sound all good, but won’t universal background checks, closing of gun show loopholes, crackdowns on straw purchases, and a nationwide federal ban on assault weapons limit the rights of the Second Amendment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Manufacturer Liability","type":"h2"},{"text":"What legislation has Bernie voted in favor of to support this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/109\/s397","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie support this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-gun-control\/index.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"everyone has a right to adequate mental healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-mental-health-should-be-treated-as-part-of-health-care_n_5b2a5b6fe4b0e7cbe4ce386d","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does mental health relate to gun violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"very small amount of gun violencedisproportionately high role in suicides","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/positions\/violence","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/positions\/violence","start":33,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one way to reduce the number of gun-related suicides","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policies-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-statements\/policy-database\/2019\/01\/28\/reducing-suicides-by-firearms","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to improve mental healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$11 billion to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Medicare For All include mental healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"includes mental health services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2017-executive-summary?id=943E7DB5-FCCA-4EA4-B215-A92F6642BA2C&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s healthcare plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take On The NRA","type":"h2"},{"text":"one of the most powerful lobbying groups","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.timewarner.com\/newsroom\/press-releases\/1999\/11\/15\/fortune-releases-annual-survey-of-most-powerful-lobbying","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need to take on the NRA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"eliminate the overall influence big money has in politics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposes an assault weapons banopposed the ban on bump stocksopposes an expansion of background checks","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/nra-backed-suit-deerfield-illinois-assault-weapons-ban-parkland-1373100","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/regulation\/355183-nra-comes-out-against-legislation-banning-bump-stocks","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/get-the-facts\/background-checks-nics\/","start":60,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the NRA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"take on the NRA and its corrupting effect on Washington.often criticizes the NRAlobbying efforts to oppose gun reform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/gun-safety\/","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1098323885940973569?lang=en","start":56,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/388517-bernie-sanders-nra-to-blame-for-lack-of-action-on-gun-control","start":80,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does the NRA think of Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"receives poor grades from the NRA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/jan\/20\/bernie-sanders\/bernie-sanders-nra-report-card-d-minus-most-recent\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["1992: D","1994: F","1996: F","1998: F","2000: F","2002: F","2004: D+","2006: C-","2012: D-"]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Racial Justice","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/15990263646_c4375c91bd_k-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/15990263646_c4375c91bd_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Racial Justice","type":"h1"},{"text":"Tackling structural inequality is at the heart of Bernie Sanders’ campaign, and at the foundation of this policy is his belief that we must address what he calls the “parallel problems” of economic disparity and institutional racism. The imbalance inherent in America’s institutions — whether our education, healthcare, immigration or criminal systems — point to a fundamental lack of justice for America’s people of color.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/msnbc\/bernie-sanders-racism-economic-inequality-are-parallel-problems","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":167,"end":184}]},{"text":"Bernie has long worked to address intrinsic and explicit racism from multiple angles. His extensive record as an advocate of racial justice goes back to his activism in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's. He is proud to have marched on Washington with Martin Luther King, Jr. and watch him give his “I Have a Dream” speech. Bernie was also a student leader of the Congress of Racial Equality when he was arrested for protesting institutional segregation. Throughout his three decades in public service, Bernie has both been vocal on issues related to racial justice and voted to support those views — a legislative record that’s earned him a 100 percent rating from the ACLU and a 100 percent from the NAACP.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4Tr8DEQl034","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":230,"end":251},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":347,"end":396},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3896500\/bernie-sanders-vermont-campaign-radical\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":422,"end":458},{"href":"https:\/\/ssl.capwiz.com\/aclu\/scorecard.xc?chamber=S&state=US&session=113&x=17&y=12","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":647,"end":679},{"href":"http:\/\/action.naacp.org\/page\/-\/washington%20bureau\/113Congress\/VERMONT2.pdf","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":686,"end":712}]},{"text":"Bernie believes racial justice is so important, and so intertwined with his vision for America, that racial justice has its own issue page on his campaign's website. In it, he details how to address different kinds of violence perpetrated against people of color: physical, legal, political, and economic.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":120,"end":138}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice","label":"Criminal Justice","description":"The American justice system is crippled by over-incarceration, disenfranchisement, and poor prison conditions, and people of color are disproportionately affected by this situation. A total rehaul is required."},{"href":"#economic-justice","label":"Economic Justice","description":"People of color face systemic discrimination in every aspect of our economy, from education to hiring to compensation. We must create more jobs, raise the minimum wage, and increase access to education and training. We must also expand social safety net programs and guarantee affordable healthcare and nutrition programs so that we enable working families of color to get ahead."},{"href":"#voting-rights","label":"Voting Rights","description":"State by state, our voting rights are increasingly under attack. Various voter suppression tactics very directly affect people of color’s ability to participate in our democratic process. We must combat voter ID laws and felony disenfranchisement."},{"href":"#housing-discrimination","label":"Housing Discrimination","description":"Residential segregation and lack of access to quality affordable housing has a pervasive and disproportionate impact on people of color."},{"href":"#the-conversation-about-race","label":"The Conversation About Race","description":"America’s entrenched history of racial inequality is systemic — and we must confront it head on."},{"href":"#immigration-reform","label":"Immigration Reform","description":"As a nation of immigrants, we must reform a system that keeps too many hardworking laborers in the shadows — most of them people of color."}]},{"text":"As an introduction, watch this video from 2013, where Bernie discusses his first-ever visit to Washington, D.C. where he marched for civil rights with Martin Luther King, Jr. who — like Bernie — saw the fight for racial justice as interlinked with the fight for economic justice. Indeed, King’s final cause was the Poor People’s Campaign, which he was building at the time of his assassination in 1968.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_poor_peoples_campaign\/","start":231,"end":278}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In this video, Bernie discusses both how far we have come, and how much more we have to go to achieve King’s dream of racial justice in America:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4Tr8DEQl034","id":"4Tr8DEQl034"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","anchors":[{"name":"criminal-justice","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"The United States justice system is crippled by over-incarceration, poor conditions in our jails, and the systematic stripping of the rights of the incarcerated, a disproportionate amount of whom are people of color.","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes that America squanders far too many resources on over-incarceration and misguided crime policy — and that this money could be better spent providing jobs and education to those who might otherwise get lost in the criminal justice system. Bernie also advocates for police reform through increased transparency and accountability as well as the demilitarization of America’s police forces.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":65,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":261,"end":279}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Watch him discuss how our broken criminal justice system disproportionately targets people of color in this May 2015 video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IiJn63y3TF0?start=4141","id":"IiJn63y3TF0"},{"text":"So what’s the scope of our incarceration problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We have more prisoners than any other country in the world:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-globally.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"The interesting thing is America hasn’t always been like this. Here’s how much our incarceration rate has spiked domestically over the years:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/US-rates-over-time.jpg","type":"img","width":445,"height":512,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"Wow. Tell me more about how mass incarceration affects people of color.","type":"h3"},{"text":"The majority of the U.S. prison population is male and under the age of 40, and a disproportionate amount of them are of people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":4,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The hard data speaks volumes — incarceration rates among both blacks and Latinos have risen much faster than for whites:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/incarceration-rates-all-races.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"According to a 2013 report by the Sentencing Project, a research and advocacy group, one out of three black men can expect to go to prison in his lifetime, compared to one out of 17 white men. And specifically, see how blacks are disproportionately arrested for drug crimes:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":15,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/drug-arrest-rate-for-blacks-and-whites.jpg","type":"img","width":486,"height":446,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/"},{"text":"This video highlights the racial bias in the American criminal justice system:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cGFdIEZRH5k","id":"cGFdIEZRH5k"},{"text":"Does going to prison reform people and reduce crime?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Regarding reforming people, the answer is no. In fact, incarceration aggravates the situation. Young people of color who go to jail or juvenile detention centers have decreased literacy rates, can expect lower grades, drop out of school at a higher rate, and end up committing more crime. Beyond suffering from limited access to education or unsafe living conditions while in prison, having a criminal record makes it harder to get a job — particularly for blacks:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/tavissmiley\/tsr\/education-under-arrest\/school-to-prison-pipeline-fact-sheet\/","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":311,"end":338},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":342,"end":366},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":409,"end":437}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Racial_impact_of_criminal_record_interview_callback.jpg","type":"img","width":500,"height":393,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2015\/04\/03\/race-criminal-background-and-employment\/"},{"text":"(As if all of the above weren’t bad enough, going to prison means you can lose the right to vote! Due to state laws that restrict convicted felons from voting, one out of 13 black Americans is disenfranchised, meaning his voice is lost in the democratic process. Learn more about Bernie’s stance on felony disenfranchisement here. )","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":160,"end":208},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":325,"end":329}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And with regards to reducing crime, a 2014 National Research Council report — which studied years of evidence of crime trends, causes of rising prison populations, and consequences of imprisonment — concluded that nearly every aspect of our country’s “historically unprecedented and internationally unique” rise in incarceration since the 1970s has not been worth the benefit in deterrence in crime reduction. Indeed, the report recommended that the U.S. revise its current sentencing laws (particularly with regards to drug enforcement) and cut back prison rates. Learn more at the Criminal Justice issue page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":38,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":429,"end":440},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":606,"end":610}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Seems like a massive problem. How does Bernie propose we address this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ties criminal activity to lack of economic opportunities, and research shows that people behind bars are more likely to be young people of color who haven’t had access to good education or work training. As Bernie stated in a June 2015 Senate address:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":112,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“It is no great secret that, without work, without education, without hope, people get into trouble, and the result is... that, tragically, in America today we have more people in jail than any other country on Earth.”","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TUCjPY8OOAY","id":"TUCjPY8OOAY"},{"text":"Bernie believes we need “jobs, not jails.” To this end, he has proposed a massive bill that would put millions of Americans to work on rebuilding America’s crumbling infrastructure, another to provide job training for at-risk youths, and yet another that would raise the minimum wage — currently at $7.25 per hour, which he calls a “starvation wage” — to $15. (Learn more at the Youth Employment, Minimum Wage and Racial Wage Gap issue pages.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TUCjPY8OOAY","start":25,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":72,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":193,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L4MWQ13reOc","start":333,"end":348},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":379,"end":395},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":397,"end":409},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/#race-wage-gap","start":414,"end":429}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moreover, Bernie wants to increase access to education and job training, so that less youth — of color and otherwise — are pushed through the school-to-prison pipeline. In fact, America has over-invested in prisons to the point that there are more prisons than colleges in the country. To this end, Bernie’s also introduced the Free College For All Act, which aims to make all public colleges and universities tuition-free, so that everyone can afford a higher education. Finally, Bernie wants to reform sentencing laws, including eliminating mandatory minimums for non-violent offenses, and re-examining our drug policy in particular. (Learn more at the Education, Criminal Justice, and Drug Policy issue pages.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=04pcSyzwoTg","start":142,"end":167},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/01\/06\/the-u-s-has-more-jails-than-colleges-heres-a-map-of-where-those-prisoners-live\/","start":243,"end":284},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":328,"end":352},{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/the-ed-show\/watch\/sanders-speaks-out-on-sandra-bland-489577539678","start":497,"end":519},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":655,"end":664},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":666,"end":682},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","start":688,"end":699}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There’s also been a lot in the news lately about people of color being the victims of police crime, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sadly, yes. While black people make up only 13 percent of the population, they account for 31 percent of all victims killed by police. Blacks make up nearly 40 percent of unarmed individuals killed by police with a gun and 42 percent of unarmed individuals that are killed by police by means other than a gun.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/about-us\/cjis\/ucr\/nibrs\/addendum-for-submitting-cargo-theft-data\/shr","start":109,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sobering FBI data shows that black teenagers are 21 times more likely than white teenagers to be killed by police:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/police-killings-2-graphic-630.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":664,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/deadly-force-in-black-and-white"},{"text":"And remember that statistics on police shootings are self-reported, so this data probably underestimates this depressing state of affairs.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2014\/09\/08\/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows\/","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where’s Bernie on all this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In a July 2015 speech to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a primarily black civil rights organization once led by Martin Luther King, Jr. that traces its roots to the Montgomery bus boycott, Bernie addressed police violence against people of color:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/remarks-senator-sanders-southern-christian-leadership-conference\/","start":5,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/sclcnational.org\/our-history\/","start":29,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Too many African-Americans today are simultaneously having to deal the crisis of racial justice while coping with the effects of poverty and economic deprivation, such as drugs, crime, and despair.","type":"quote"},{"text":"… As Martin Luther King, Jr., said; Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Across the nation, too many African-Americans and other minorities find themselves subjected to a system that treats citizens who have not committed crimes like criminals. A growing number of communities do not trust the police and police have become disconnected from the communities they are sworn to protect.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, Rekia Boyd, Eric Garner, Walter Scott, Freddie Gray, Tamir Rice. We know their names. Each of them died unarmed at the hands of police officers or in police custody. The chants are growing louder. People are angry. I am angry. And people have a right to be angry. Violence and brutality of any kind, particularly at the hands of law enforcement sworn to protect and serve our communities, is unacceptable and must not be tolerated.","type":"quote"},{"text":"We must reform our criminal justice system. Black lives do matter. And we must value black lives.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"doesn’t see these","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-draws-thousands-to-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fighting","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/20\/a-day-after-being-heckled-sanders-speaks-out-against-police-brutality-in-pair-of-texas-rallies\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn more about reforming this broken system at the Criminal Justice page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":53,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Justice","anchors":[{"name":"economic-justice","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that economic disparity was tied to racial disparity. In fact, his famous march on Washington in 1963, where King gave his seminal “I Have a Dream” speech — which Bernie was there to witness — was actually called the “March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.” Indeed, the promotional pamphlet for the march spoke of the “twin evils of discrimination and economic deprivation.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=gBH5GRFw-fkC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=twin+evils+of+discrimination+and+economic+deprivation&source=bl&ots=aQ7FGfj6c8&sig=-d4xKmOp9lj_3ip9X6qCYWcF9tY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIgK_utYiWxwIVCx4eCh1hFwXK#v=onepage&q=twin%20evils%20of%20discrimination%20and%20economic%20deprivation&f=false","start":306,"end":340}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do we fight for economic justice?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The first step is to acknowledge that America has a problem — one of structural economic inequality.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":69,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Today, the U.S. sees vast inequalities in both income (what we get paid) and wealth (everything we own). While some inequality is expected in any economy—and is perhaps even healthy—the U.S. today has inequalities allowing those at the top to amass (and keep) huge estates, while 22 percent of children live below the poverty line. Adults can work 40 hours a week and still not make enough to feed their families, while corporate executives in many of those same companies make much, much more.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":260,"end":272},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":280,"end":302},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#addressing-economic-exploitation-of-workers","start":343,"end":389},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/22\/news\/companies\/ceo-pay\/","start":478,"end":493}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In terms of wealth — everything we own — 90 percent of Americans control less than one fourth of the country’s wealth. The top 0.1 percent controls 21.5 percent, which is over one fifth. The amount controlled by the top 0.1 percent (the top one-tenth of one percent) is the largest it has been in over a century.","type":"p"},{"text":"And when it comes to income — what we get paid — The bottom 90 percent make $29,840 on average, but other reports based on the U.S. Census show that 40 percent of individuals make less than $20,000 annually, and 30 percent of families live on less than $40,000 a year. We cover inequality in detail on our Economic Inequality page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":53,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/finance.townhall.com\/columnists\/politicalcalculations\/2013\/09\/29\/what-is-your-us-income-percentile-ranking-n1712430\/page\/full","start":100,"end":113},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":306,"end":330}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And where do people of color land in all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to a joint report by Demos and the Institute on Assets and Social Policy (IASP), “the median white household had $111,146 in wealth holdings compared to just $7,113 for the median Black household and $8,348 for the median Latino household.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/publication\/racial-wealth-gap-why-policy-matters","start":15,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Another study IASP conducted over 25 years reveals that the wealth gap between white and African-American families rose from $85,000 in 1984 to $236,500 in 2009.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iasp.brandeis.edu\/pdfs\/Author\/shapiro-thomas-m\/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf","start":8,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/median-wealth-by-race-and-income.png","type":"img","width":600,"height":600},{"text":"The Harvard Business Review Compared median weekly salaries from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), revealing a lot about how race and gender relate to pay:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/does-race-or-gender-matter-more-to-your-paycheck\/","start":4,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/pay-by-race-gender.jpg","type":"img","width":540,"height":303},{"text":"Comparing median weekly salaries from the U.S. Population Survey in 2013, we see that a median black male earns 75.1 cents for every dollar a median white male earns. A median Latino male earns only 67 cents. According to the same data, a median white woman makes 78 cents compared to a white male, and black and Latina women follow making 64 cents and 54 cents, respectively. We see that the racial wage gap is large, and that both gender and race are important factors when examining the wage gap.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/ipa\/A0882775.html","start":42,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(On the other hand, Asian men and women make more than anyone in America, also according to the BLS — although this may be explained by the fact they have a higher average educational attainment.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsrace2012.pdf","start":79,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is it harder to get an interview as a person of color in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"It appears to be the case. Researchers at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) published an experiment in which they sent thousands of resumes to various help-wanted ads in Chicago and Boston. Some resumes bore the white-sounding names “Emily” and “Greg”, and others had the black-sounding names “Lakisha” and “Jamal”. Those with white-sounding names got one callback for every 10 applications; those with black-sounding names got one only every 15. (It is worth noting that this study did not check hiring rates or earnings.)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/sep03\/w9873.html","start":100,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A story that went viral in 2014 seems to confirm the NBER results with regards to Latinos. A Mexican-American L.A. resident named José Zamora detailed how his job search was going nowhere until he changed his name on his resume from José to Joe — editing nothing else — and started getting callbacks from the same jobs that had ignored him previously.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/adriancarrasquillo\/meet-jose-zamora-the-guy-who-changed-his-name-to-joe-to-get#.sfZ4QmXqr","start":233,"end":244}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other contributors are there to the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to a 2001 paper by two labor economists, about half of the racial wage gap can be attributed to differences in work experience, differences in time out of the workforce, and differences in amount of education gained. Differences in amount of education gained contribute more to the Latino wage gap, while differences in experience and time out of the workforce contribute more to the black wage gap.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":15,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The same paper goes on to explain blacks in America suffer from a lower labor force participation for several reasons. When displaced from work, black workers take significantly longer than white workers to find new work. Those black people with a criminal record find it much harder than white people with a criminal record to find work. Since black people are incarcerated at a higher rate, this has a multiplicative decreasing effect on labor force participation.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Additionally, the researchers notes that black unemployment is likely understated since incarcerated individuals are not included in the statistic. (Learn more about Bernie’s stance on mass incarceration.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#changing-the-nature-of-incarceration","start":149,"end":159}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Presumably communities of color are pretty concerned about the economy and getting jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Definitely. In fact, Latinos care more about the economy and education (which is a way to get better jobs) than anything else:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/latinos-education-economy-immigration.png","type":"img","width":440,"height":401,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/6\/3\/15\/black-and-latino-voters-are-actually-very-concerned-about-economic-issues"},{"text":"And blacks put scarcity of jobs paying decent wages at the top of their concerns list:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/problems-facing-black-families-today.gif","type":"img","width":429,"height":365,"caption":"Source","source":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/6\/3\/15\/black-and-latino-voters-are-actually-very-concerned-about-economic-issues"},{"text":"How has Bernie worked to address the education and training gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In May 2015, Bernie introduced the College for All Act to help increase access to higher education, by making all public colleges and universities tuition-free. Moreover, his youth employment bill would include job training for at-risk youth.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":35,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":175,"end":196}],"type":"p"},{"text":"These measures would provide those coming from low-income backgrounds a better chance to access the kind of education and training that would enable them to gain the skills that provide access to better economic opportunities.","type":"p"},{"text":"And how about the criminal record issue which affect people of color’s ability to get jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has also come out against various contributors to over-incarceration of people of color. He has said that prison money would be better spent on job training and education. Bernie has also declared the “war on drugs” largely a failure as it has incarcerated far too many non-violent offenders. Instead, he favors reforming our drug policy and criminal justice system to focus on rehabilitation instead of senseless punishment.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/bernie-sanders-intends-strike-heart-prison-industrial-complex","start":135,"end":177},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=30m8s","start":223,"end":240}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If you skipped the previous section on Bernie’s stances on criminal justice reform with regards to people of color, go back and learn more.","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice","start":116,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address racial discrimination when applying for jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has supported expanding laws that protect against discrimination. As recently as November 2013, he voted for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-passes-employment-non-discrimination-act","start":120,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lots of people of color can’t make ends meet due to rising healthcare costs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"That’s absolutely true. The below graph shows how important it is to fight against the racial disparities and inequalities inherent in our health system:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/minorityhealth\/CHDIReport.html","start":87,"end":122}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-insurance-coverage-by-age-and-raceethnicity-2011-disparities.png","type":"img","width":735,"height":551},{"text":"That’s why Bernie advocates for universal healthcare. Though he has consistently supported the expansion of Medicaid coverage while fighting repeated efforts to cut funding for it, and voted for the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a. “Obamacare”), Bernie believes America hasn’t gone far enough to provide adequate healthcare for all.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":95,"end":125},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":150,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":185,"end":218},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":291,"end":326}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moreover, he’s sponsored legislation to curb drug costs and tackle fraud in the industry. He also wants to increase access to affordable housing and childcare, as well as the expansion of Social Security and nutrition programs. You can learn more about all of Bernie’s healthcare and public assistance policies at the Social Safety Net category page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","start":318,"end":349}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about policies that keep Americans from falling into the “safety net” in the first place?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The cornerstone of Bernie’s policy is addressing economic inequality — and he’s long fought for everyday working Americans. In fact, one of the very first bills he introduced to Congress was the Liveable Wage Act of 1993, a bill to increase the minimum wage which he reintroduced several times thereafter.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546203","start":195,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Years later, he’s still fighting for this cause. A major plank of Bernie’s presidential campaign is to more than double the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, up from $7.25 per hour.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":103,"end":139}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How would that help?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Over the past 40 years, the cost of living has increased significantly while workers’ wages have remained flat despite commensurate increases in the level of productivity. Learn more at the Minimum Wage issue page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":86,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":190,"end":213}],"type":"p"},{"text":"It’s all moot though if we can’t generate more jobs, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Exactly. Bernie believes the fastest way to create millions of jobs is to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure — and he’s been saying so for decades. In his introduction to the The Rebuild America Act of 2015, he noted:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":113,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":177,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"There’s a reason that investing in our infrastructure has traditionally enjoyed bipartisan support in Congress. It’s a good idea. It creates jobs, income, profits and tax revenues. It lays a foundation for the efficient operation of our economy in the future.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Want to know more about how this idea could generate better-paying jobs for millions of Americans? Check out the Infrastructure issue page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":113,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Voting Rights","anchors":[{"name":"voting-rights","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Unfortunately, various voter suppression tactics very directly affect people of color’s ability to participate in our democratic process. Bernie feels strongly about combating voter ID laws and addressing felony disenfranchisement.","type":"p"},{"text":"Is voter suppression really still happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sadly, various tactics are used to disenfranchise certain segments of our population. Common methods of voter suppression include last-minute changes to polling locations and hours, reducing the number of polling places, and enacting voter ID laws which suppress voters without a driver’s license.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":104,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In 2013, the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a landmark bill passed to combat voter suppression at the ballot box, particularly against people of color. The ruling outlawed a key requirement in the 1965 bill which required states with a history of racial discrimination at the poll to “preclear” any changes to electoral laws with the federal government before enacting them. This change allowed nine states to change election laws without federal approval, mostly to introduce voter ID laws.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/26\/us\/supreme-court-ruling.html","start":27,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/24\/politics\/voting-rights-act-democrats-file-bill\/","start":177,"end":192}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are voter ID laws?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Laws that require people to show an ID before being able to vote. They’re ostensibly supposed to combat voter fraud but many experts believe the rate of incidence is far too overblown to accept that the threat is credible.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/07\/09\/7-papers-4-government-inquiries-2-news-investigations-and-1-court-ruling-proving-voter-fraud-is-mostly-a-myth\/","start":166,"end":183}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this a racial justice concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Such laws suppress people of color so much more than others:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/percentage-voters-asked-for-id.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":360},{"text":"How does Bernie think we can fight back?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In June 2015, Bernie co-sponsored the Voting Rights Advancement Act, which would increase federal oversight of elections in states with a history of racial discrimination and voter suppression. The bill proposes that the “preclear” is required in states where there have been repeated voting rights violations in the previous 25 years. Hopefully this will address the proliferation of voter ID laws across the country.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1659\/cosponsors?q=%7b%22search%22%3A%5b%22voting+rights%22%5d%7d&resultIndex=9","start":38,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/fighting-voter-suppression\/fighting-voter-id-requirements","start":368,"end":398}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Good. Every American citizen should have the right to vote!","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed, but some citizens are actually explicitly denied those rights by law. Certain states restrict people with felony convictions from voting — even after they’ve served their time and paid their debt to society. It’s estimated that 5.85 million Americans have been legally stripped of their voting rights. And due to racial disparities in the criminal justice system, this disproportionately affects people of color. In fact, one in 13 blacks do not have the right to vote because of this.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/template\/page.cfm?id=133","start":236,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But doesn’t being a felon mean you forfeit your freedoms?","type":"h3"},{"text":"You're still protected by the Constitution even if you commit a crime. Beyond suffering from limited access to education or safe living conditions while in prison, disenfranchisement follows former felons for the rest of their lives. The U.S. is one of the strictest nations in the world with regards to felony disenfranchisement.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/education\/how-congress-killed-one-few-lifelines-former-prisoners-and-why-its-time-bring-it-back","start":93,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2012\/10\/09\/971431\/nations-first-privately-owned-state-prison-riddled-with-violations-of-state-law\/","start":124,"end":146},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jul\/13\/felon-voting-laws-disenfranchisement","start":257,"end":287}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds bad. What’s the impact?","type":"h3"},{"text":"This directly threatens the notion of universal suffrage, limits free speech, and contradicts the right to representation inherent in our Constitution. Voting rights are essential to keeping inmates connected to civic life and providing them with a better foundation for rejoining society once they serve their time. Critics argue that felony disenfranchisement is a “potent tool in the campaign to undercut African-American political power” because it so disproportionately impacts blacks.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/11\/19\/opinion\/the-racist-origins-of-felon-disenfranchisement.html?_r=0","start":317,"end":335}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, to the extent that people of color are over-represented in our prison system, they are under-represented in our political system. This graph shows the extent of felon disenfranchisement nationwide:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":43,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/felony-disefranchisement-map.png","type":"img","width":1607,"height":1442},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has long been a supporter of universal suffrage and proudly represents Vermont, one of two states that do not restrict the voting rights of anyone convicted of felonies. In March 2015, Bernie co-sponsored the Democracy Restoration Act, which seeks to reinstate voting rights to people who have served their time and have been freed from prison.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/fd_Felony%20Disenfranchisement%20Primer.pdf","start":87,"end":104},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":216,"end":241}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn more about how Bernie is working to make the electoral system work for regular Americans, including those of color, at the Political Reform page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":129,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Housing Discrimination","anchors":[{"name":"housing-discrimination","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Residential segregation and lack of access to quality affordable housing has a pervasive and disproportionate impact on people of color. Explicit acts of housing discrimination that defined America before the Fair Housing Act of 1968 (e.g., Jim Crow, Black Codes, “sundown towns”) may be in the past, but we’ve hardly solved the problem.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/publications\/reports\/fairhousing\/historical.html","start":241,"end":279}],"type":"p"},{"text":"According to a 2012 study by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Urban Institute, “subtle forms of housing denial stubbornly persist.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/press\/press_releases_media_advisories\/2013\/HUDNo.13-091","start":15,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/white-home-seekers-favored.png","type":"img","width":565,"height":380},{"text":"Then there’s the problem of residential segregation, which persists in our cities and towns in spite of the Fair Housing Act.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2015\/07\/18\/weve-just-made-the-first-real-legal-advance-on-residential-segregation-in-half-a-century\/","start":28,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But we’re so diverse. How could this still be a problem in melting pot America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Let’s start by sharing some statistical context. There’s a measure called the “index of dissimilarity” that researchers use to determine the rates of housing segregation in a particular geographic area. In an extreme case like Apartheid-era South Africa, where whites lived in all-white neighborhoods and blacks lived in all-black neighborhoods, the index of dissimilarity would peak at 100. In an area where people were randomly distributed irrespective of racial background, the index would be 0.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/enceladus.isr.umich.edu\/race\/seg.html","start":79,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In the 2010 census, Houston had an index of dissimilarity of 61 for its black and white populations. This is considered moderately high and indicates that either 61 percent of whites or 61 percent of blacks would have to move to new neighborhoods in order to achieve perfectly-integrated distribution. Los Angeles had an index of 68, Chicago had an index of 76, and New York City had an index of 78.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/census\/segregation2010.html","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Find out more about segregation in your own community by using this interactive map to explore segregation all over America.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/07\/08\/us\/census-race-map.html","start":63,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yikes. I guess we are still quite segregated. What are some of the causes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"There are several factors that contribute to housing and residential segregation. Let’s take a common one: gentrification.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States#Causes_of_Housing_Segregation","start":10,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/pov\/flagwars\/special_gentrification.php","start":107,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As a result of disinvestment on the heels of “white flight,” cities can withdraw public funds and services like building maintenance, garbage collection, and school funding in areas deemed to be low priority. Need an example? Check out Detroit.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2015\/07\/white-flight-alive-and-well\/399980\/","start":46,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/susan-milligan\/2014\/10\/02\/detroit-cuts-off-water-to-its-poorest-citizens","start":236,"end":243}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This leads to deteriorating property values and quality of life. But if and when money floods back into these neighborhoods, it can leave poorer residents without access to capital behind — forcing people out of their homes when they can’t afford steep increases in rent or property taxes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/02\/24\/lending-discrimination-black-borrowers-face-higher-hurdles-in-lending-study_n_1300509.html","start":155,"end":180}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other factors to consider are real-estate discrimination, socioeconomic status, and the lasting legacy of America’s discriminatory housing policies.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2014\/05\/the-racist-housing-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood\/371439\/","start":116,"end":147}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He has been a longtime advocate for fair and affordable housing. In his 1981 mayoral campaign in Burlington, Vt., he ran against the incumbent’s plans to raise property taxes and “proposed raising taxes on commercial property instead.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":23,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/05\/how-bernie-sanderss-radical-ideas-entered-the-municipal-mainstream-118447.html","start":154,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Once in office, the city required property owners to give residents two years notice before their apartments could be converted to condos as well as giving renters the preemptive right to buy converted units. Bernie prevented landowners from bulldozing affordable-housing units unless they first built an equal number of new units, and he implemented economic development projects and a communal land trust for affordable housing — policies considered radical in the early ‘80s but which are more commonplace today.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/05\/how-bernie-sanderss-radical-ideas-entered-the-municipal-mainstream-118447.html","start":441,"end":459}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As a senator, he’s fought to create the Health Trust Fund, which targets excess profits from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to provide a new dedicated revenue source for states to finance very-low-income rental housing construction and rehabilitation projects.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":40,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Conversation About Race","anchors":[{"name":"the-conversation-about-race","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie sees America’s persistent racial imbalances as a multi-layered problem. We must tackle discrimination inherent in the criminal justice system through sentencing reform and programs like community policing. Moreover, nothing will change if we don’t address the root causes of economic inequality and confront the hard truths of America’s history of racial injustice — from its roots in slavery to misguided policies meant to address the disparities today.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/sanders-we-have-got-to-apologize-for-slavery\/article\/2568017","start":319,"end":330}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Want to know more about Bernie’s views on the subject? Check out this video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KhzHvPVS81o","id":"KhzHvPVS81o"},{"text":"Read more about Bernie's racial justice policy platform at his campaign's site. And get a more in-depth look at his perspective and policies on the rights of specific groups of color, visit the Black Rights, Latino Rights, and Native American Rights issue pages.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":25,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-black-rights\/","start":194,"end":206},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":208,"end":221},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-native-american-rights\/","start":227,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","anchors":[{"name":"immigration-reform","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"“This country was built by immigrants,” Bernie has said. He believes we must reform our immigration system to invite greater innovation, diversity, and economic opportunity, and further must endeavor to fight racial discrimination against our immigrants of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":40,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many immigrants are there in the country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"As of 2013, there are 41.3 million foreign-born people living in the United States.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are the racial demographics of our immigrant population?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Given that only 48 percent of the foreign-born reported their race as white, most immigrants here are people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":77,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Additionally, 26 percent self-reported as Asian, 15 percent as some other race, and more than two percent as having two or more races. Finally, 46 percent — or 19 million people — reported having Latino origins. As Latino is an ethnic and not a racial category, it’s hard to discern exactly how many of those are people of color.","type":"p"},{"text":"What are Bernie’s views on immigration generally?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie believes America’s current immigration system is broken and requires comprehensive reform. An important aspect of immigration reform, according to Bernie, is to establish some pathway to legal residency or citizenship for the 11 million undocumented workers living in the United States so that they need not work and live in the shadows.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":7,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":178,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"While he believes that border security is important for the country, Bernie doesn’t believe that a fence is the way to achieve that security. Finally, Bernie believes that our visa system must protect American jobs instead of simply allowing corporations to score cheap labor via temporary work visas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":76,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":151,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some racial justice issues our country faces with regards to immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"While not always correlated, language and race are closely entwined within the immigrant population, particularly given that most immigrants in the U.S. are people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":153,"end":172}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Attempts to make English the official language of the United States have been described as a way to circuitously make it legal for private and public entities to discriminate against people who cannot speak, read or write in English.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/19\/washington\/19immig.html","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"For instance, if English were legally designated as the national language, a government agency might be able to argue that it need not provide forms or information in any other language, hindering many immigrants’ ability to access social services and other essential public programs, not to mention basic information. In turn, this might discourage certain foreign-born from staying in America or deciding to come here.","type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done around language discrimination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted in 2007 against legislation that would have declared English the official language of the U.S. government, so as to enable government materials to still be available in other languages. In 2008, Bernie voted against a bill that would have cut funding from programs that would support people who had been fired from their jobs by employers who used their lack of English proficiency as an excuse.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_02n-ACLU.htm","start":7,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d110:SP1151:","start":57,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S058.htm","start":221,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are there elements of economic exploitation of immigrants in the United States? And is there a racial element to it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Unfortunately, yes. Bernie is very concerned with the exploitation of undocumented workers and their standard of living. He believes that such immigrants “have been routinely cheated out of wages, held virtually captive by employers who have seized their documents, forced to live in unspeakable inhumane conditions and denied medical benefits for on-the-job injuries.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/naleo-conference-remarks\/","start":70,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In a July 2015 speech, Bernie highlighted that “undocumented workers are doing the extremely difficult work of harvesting our crops, building our homes, cooking our meals, and caring for our children. They are part of the fabric of America.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MxX0jKrOYBU","start":5,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The racial element comes into play with the fact that of the 11 million undocumented people in America, 52 percent of the undocumented population are Mexicans alone. While we can’t know exactly what the racial breakdown is among those, it’s likely that many or even most are people of color. And while more precise demographic data about undocumented people in the U.S. is necessarily difficult to come by — they are undocumented after all! — they are likely comparably diverse to our general immigrant population, which consists mostly of people of color.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/24\/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s\/","start":104,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states#Demographic,%20Educational,%20and%20Linguistic","start":530,"end":555}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie want to address the economic exploitation of undocumented workers of color, and otherwise?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Given that Bernie believes undocumented workers are already part of the nation’s “fabric,” they should have a path to citizenship that will allow them to be fully participating members of American society and contributors to its economy.","type":"p"},{"text":"“Bringing undocumented workers out of the shadows will make it more difficult for employers to undercut the wages and benefits of all workers.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Check out the Immigration and Latino Rights issue pages for more on Bernie’s stance on these topics.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":14,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Earth & The Environment","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-earth-and-the-environment\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/iYvDeqVGRbebiQv2PIJi_DSC_8407_2-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/iYvDeqVGRbebiQv2PIJi_DSC_8407_2.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Agriculture","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/barley2-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/barley2.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Agriculture","type":"h1"},{"text":"Family Farming","links":[{"href":"#family-farming","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agribusiness Monopolies","links":[{"href":"#agribusiness-monopolies","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agricultural Labor","links":[{"href":"#agricultural-labor","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#affordable-nutrition","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GMOs","links":[{"href":"#gmos","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a plan to Revitalize Rural America by leveling the playing field for farmers and farmworkers, empower farmers, foresters and ranchers to address climate change and protect ecosystems, invest in rural communities, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/revitalizing-rural-america\/","start":30,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Family Farming","type":"h2"},{"text":"22 percent of U.S. agricultural production","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/chart-gallery\/gallery\/chart-detail\/?chartId=58276","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many family farms are there in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"family owned and operated value of crop production","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nifa.usda.gov\/family-farms","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/nifa.usda.gov\/family-farms","start":25,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Very large: 101,265 gross over $500,000 ","Large: 86,551 gross between $250,000 and $500,000","Small: 1,925,799 gross under $250,000"]},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/webdocs\/charts\/82618\/march17_datafeature_macdonald_fig01_450px.png?v=7380.9","type":"img","width":450,"height":398},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/amber-waves\/2017\/march\/large-family-farms-continue-to-dominate-us-agricultural-production\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is happening with small family farms?","type":"h3"},{"text":"48 percent of U.S. farmland but account for only 24 percent of U.S. agricultural production","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/onpasture.com\/2018\/12\/10\/diverse-family-farms-are-important-to-us-all\/","start":0,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/webdocs\/charts\/82625\/march17_datafeature_macdonald_fig04_450px.png?v=6443.5","type":"img","width":449,"height":439},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/amber-waves\/2017\/march\/large-family-farms-continue-to-dominate-us-agricultural-production\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent of U.S. farmland will change hands in the next 20 yearssmall farms will likely disappearLocal knowledge","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nifa.usda.gov\/family-farms","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/nifa.usda.gov\/family-farms","start":66,"end":99},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalagriculture.org\/whats-new\/news\/en\/30164.html","start":99,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/webdocs\/charts\/56734\/agedistributionofprincipaloperators_450px.png?v=9084.7","type":"img","width":450,"height":360},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/farm-economy\/beginning-disadvantaged-farmers\/beginning-farmers-and-age-distribution-of-farmers\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are small family farms better for the economy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Family farming National Year of Farming","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/extension.missouri.edu\/p\/G820","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/iyff\/pdf\/UN-Resolution-IYFF14-en.pdf","start":14,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The type of food production varies by farm size","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hortidaily.com\/article\/6045079\/us-small-farms-produce-different-mix-of-commodities-than-larger-farms\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.hortidaily.com\/images\/2018\/0814\/chart.jpg","type":"img","width":460,"height":345},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hortidaily.com\/article\/6045079\/us-small-farms-produce-different-mix-of-commodities-than-larger-farms\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the environment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"success is directly related According to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.astc.org\/astc-dimensions\/family-farming-feeding-the-world-caring-for-the-earth\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/united-nations-decade-family-farming-2019-2028-global-action-plan","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, so what should I know? Is there a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"about 50 percent Additional threats","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/save-family-farms","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/foodfirst.org\/publication\/five-global-threats-to-the-survival-of-family-farms-in-the-international-year-of-family-farming\/","start":17,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/foodfirst.org\/publication\/five-global-threats-to-the-survival-of-family-farms-in-the-international-year-of-family-farming\/","start":18,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie helped farmers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has been activenumerous billsFarm Bill of 2014Beginning Farmer and Rancher Opportunity Act of 2011","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?q=%7B%22congress%22%3A%22all%22%2C%22subject%22%3A%22Agriculture+and+Food%22%7D","start":22,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":36,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/1850","start":53,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agribusiness Monopolies","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/opinion\/readers\/2019\/04\/15\/letters-racism-systematic-issue\/3447571002\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the problem with agribusiness?","type":"h3"},{"text":"the problem with big agribusiness by sayingsqueeze out small farms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/revitalizing-rural-america\/","start":0,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.farmonline.com.au\/story\/5020395\/agribusiness-mega-mergers-bad-news-for-farming\/","start":43,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.farmjournal.com\/s3fs-public\/inline-images\/FJ_014_F17246.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":377},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agweb.com\/article\/seed-price-triples-over-last-20-years-naa-sonja-begemann\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Earlier mergersthreat to the world wide food supply.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.choicesmagazine.org\/UserFiles\/file\/cmsarticle_540.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2019\/01\/11\/the-sobering-details-behind-the-latest-seed-monopoly-chart\/","start":15,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/philhowardnet.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/12\/Seed2018-1.png?w=720","type":"img","width":720,"height":469},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/philhoward.net\/2018\/12\/31\/global-seed-industry-changes-since-2013\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie saying about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"moratorium on agribusiness mergers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-agribusiness_n_5cb0a662e4b0ffefe3afba70?1tk","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"March 2019 editoriallaid out his planbreak up agribusiness monopolies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/opinion\/columnists\/caucus\/2019\/03\/28\/bernie-sanders-president-2020-caucus-agribusiness-factory-farming-rural-america-iowa-flood-trump-ceo\/3297096002\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-agribusiness_n_5cb0a662e4b0ffefe3afba70?1tk","start":20,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119251142960209920","start":37,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That sounds extreme. Why a moratorium?","type":"h3"},{"text":"how Walmart built their own large dairy processing plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.postbulletin.com\/agrinews\/news\/columns\/costco-walmart-want-you-in-their-chain\/article_ad5aedd4-45c8-11e9-98d8-537ec31bbf52.html","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Costco contracted with 100 to 125 Nebraska and Iowa farmers break free of the monopoly","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2018\/12\/11\/costcos-100-million-chickens-will-change-the-future-of-nebraska-farming\/","start":0,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/video\/2018\/12\/04\/costco-chickens-tyson-perdue-monopoly-america-agriculture-farming.html","start":60,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cutting 12,000 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-46391337","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"dominate access to seedsfewer seed companies means less innovationsue small farmers  less choice and higher prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/2008\/05\/monsanto200805","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/amber-waves\/2004\/february\/have-seed-industry-changes-affected-research-effort\/","start":24,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2013\/feb\/12\/monsanto-sues-farmers-seed-patents","start":66,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.farmertofarmercampaign.com\/","start":84,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie plan to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Revitalize Rural America","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/revitalizing-rural-america\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agricultural Labor","type":"h2"},{"text":"Farm employment economically disadvantaged groupshazardousHired farmworkers guest worker visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials\/ag-and-food-sectors-and-the-economy\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/farm-workers\/farm-worker-issues\/low-wages\/","start":15,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rasmussenreports.com\/public_content\/political_commentary\/commentary_by_joe_conason\/harvest_of_shame_america_s_poisoned_children_need_a_hashtag","start":49,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/education-center\/farm-worker-issues\/farm-workers-immigration\/","start":58,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/resources\/h-2a-workers\/","start":75,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many farmworkers are immigrants?","type":"h3"},{"text":"22 million farmworkers eight in ten six in ten8 million work and they are 5% of the labor forcefarm industry in the U.S: would not be able to function without immigrants","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.agday.org\/media\/factsheet.php","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/education-center\/farm-worker-issues\/farm-workers-immigration\/","start":23,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/education-center\/farm-worker-issues\/farm-workers-immigration\/","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2016\/11\/03\/size-of-u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-workforce-stable-after-the-great-recession\/","start":47,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/illegal-immigrants-us-jobs-economy-farm-workers-taxes\/","start":96,"end":170}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cbsnews2.cbsistatic.com\/hub\/i\/r\/2018\/06\/25\/8bf3fe64-c31f-4512-b218-2ac86cbbfabc\/crop\/904x332+0+0\/thumbnail\/620x227\/af2475e8697669dc8db9170fd1fefabf\/screen-shot-2018-06-25-at-4-09-55-pm.png","type":"img","width":620,"height":227},{"text":"Where do most unauthorized workers live?","type":"h3"},{"text":"concentrated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2016\/11\/03\/appendix-b-additional-charts-2\/#among-states","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cbsnews2.cbsistatic.com\/hub\/i\/r\/2018\/06\/25\/df10b043-3d75-4174-9308-f9adaf80fe3e\/thumbnail\/620x361\/e6bf61ab3da0ece3c41d835c4f039e4e\/screen-shot-2018-06-25-at-4-05-24-pm.png","type":"img","width":620,"height":361},{"text":"How poor are U.S. hired farmworkers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"83 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdr.doleta.gov\/research\/FullText_Documents\/ETAOP_2019-01_NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Department of Labor survey of agricultural workers NAWS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdr.doleta.gov\/research\/FullText_Documents\/ETAOP_2019-01_NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["33 percent of farm worker families live below the poverty line","44 percent used Medicaid","47 percent have health insurance","12 percent saw a dentist in the last two years","28 percent lived in a home owned by themselves or a family member ","33 percent lived in “crowded” dwellings (more than 1 person\/room)","average level of formal education completed was eighth grade. ","4 percent reported that they had no formal schooling ","37 percent reported that they completed the sixth grade or lower","71 percent reported speaking very little of no English\r\n"]},{"text":"Fair enough. Are agricultural workers really subject to terrible conditions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"not enough labor law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/labor-laws-left-farm-workers-behind-vulnerable-abuse","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/nfwm.org\/farm-workers\/farm-worker-issues\/labor-laws\/","start":10,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"describes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farmworkerjustice.org\/advocacy-and-programs\/us-labor-law-farmworkers","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Dangerous conditions ","Sexual harassment and sexual assault","Abusive labor practices","Other forms of wage theft","Unhealthy and dangerous work conditions","Grossly substandard housing","Exploitation"]},{"text":"tomato farmworkers working conditionsagricultural slavery laborers were being paid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.splcenter.org\/news\/2008\/04\/15\/migrant-tomato-workers-face-chronic-abuses","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/immokalee-family-sentenced-for-slavery-each-navarrete-boss-gets-12-years-in-prison-ft-myers-news-press","start":18,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/2018\/findings\/country-studies\/united-states\/","start":37,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/12\/24\/us\/24tomato.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":57,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"slavery visited Immokaleedescribed his visit Senate hearing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/2018\/findings\/country-studies\/united-states\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/01\/senator-bernie-sanders-author-eric-schlosser-visit-immokalee-ciw\/","start":7,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-harvest-of-shame_b_96759.html","start":25,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":44,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support agricultural workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pressuring Bernie’s interventionhistoric agreement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iptv.org\/mtom\/story.cfm\/feature\/5013\/mtom_20080425_3334_feature","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/cltampa.com\/tampa\/farmworkers-get-a-whopper-of-a-win\/Content?oid=2031337#.VcAYnOKUzGd","start":11,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-applauds-breakthrough-for-farm-workers","start":33,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fairness for Farmworkers Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/3131\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So many farmworkers are immigrants and a lot of them are undocumented. What will Bernie do to reform our immigration system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"11 million undocumented people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/24\/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"According toAmericans do not eat enough vegetables, fruits more vulnerable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fitness.gov\/resource-center\/facts-and-statistics\/","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/what-should-you-eat\/vegetables-and-fruits\/","start":12,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/cspinet.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attachment\/hunger_and_obesity__frac_.pdf","start":58,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"26th in life expectancy, and 29th in preventing infant mortalityspend more on health care increased since 1985","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americashealthrankings.org\/learn\/reports\/2016-annual-report\/comparison-with-other-nations","start":1,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/healthres\/health-spending.htm","start":65,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/a\/explain-food-america#list-21","start":90,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/2015\/guidelines\/img\/figure-2-1.png","type":"img","width":900,"height":865},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/2015\/guidelines\/chapter-2\/current-eating-patterns-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are we doing wrong?","type":"h3"},{"text":"have better access12.9 percentpeople are struggling","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thefoodtrust.org\/uploads\/media_items\/grocerygap.original.pdf","start":1,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/chart-gallery\/gallery\/chart-detail\/?chartId=58276","start":20,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#the-current-state-of-the-minimum-wage","start":32,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"processed convenience foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.fooducate.com\/2010\/03\/11\/why-is-there-so-much-unhealthy-food-in-schools\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is SNAP? How does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Who is getting Food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"than ever before","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/five-reasons-food-stamps-work-just-fine","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"45.4 million householdsEighty-eight percen demographic data","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.snaptohealth.org\/snap\/snap-frequently-asked-questions\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/chart-book-snap-helps-struggling-families-put-food-on-the-table","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.snaptohealth.org\/snap\/snap-frequently-asked-questions\/","start":43,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2014 USDA report at or below 130 percent of the poverty line","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.snaptohealth.org\/snap\/snap-frequently-asked-questions\/","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/2-20-18snap_f18.png?itok=3U-8kYc_","type":"img","width":580,"height":538},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/chart-book-snap-helps-struggling-families-put-food-on-the-table","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this example","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Stamped","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foodstamped.com\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But if people can just get food stamps, what’s their incentive to work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an important work incentiveSNAP Employment and Training program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalskillscoalition.org\/federal-policy\/snap-employment-and-training","start":28,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what has Bernie done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If we are already funding SNAP, why do we need WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC WIC program leads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better health care for children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":15,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Wise Investment in our Children Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1796\/all-info","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other food assistance programs are there and where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"school lunch program school breakfast program special milk program summer food service program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/nslp\/national-school-lunch-program","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sbp\/school-breakfast-program","start":21,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/smp\/special-milk-program","start":46,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sfsp\/summer-food-service-program","start":67,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated that: receive breakfast believes that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":13,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":31,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Local Farms, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/679","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Growing Safe Food Act of 2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/2758","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthy Food Financing Initiative","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/821","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Assistance issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GMOs","type":"h2"},{"text":"concerns","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omaha.com\/money\/unl-researchers-well-schooled-in-science-of-genetic-modification\/article_acecbba4-7d9d-58e6-8fac-74dfa65be14e.html","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many statesAnti-labeling groups spent $100 million in 2015map of states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2014\/04\/16\/gmo-labeling-update-state-efforts-pick-up-momentum-big-ag-doubles-down\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ewg.org\/research\/lobbying-anti-labeling-groups-tops-100m","start":11,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.boughtmovie.com\/senate-blocks-the-dark-act\/","start":58,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/www.boughtmovie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GMO-labeling-states.png","type":"img","width":833,"height":610},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.boughtmovie.com\/senate-blocks-the-dark-act\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"USDA has outlined the first-ever rule for GMO labeling","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-gmo-labeling\/usda-outlines-first-ever-rule-for-gmo-labeling-sees-implementation-in-2020-idUSKCN1OJ2TF","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People have the right to know what’s in their food.","type":"h3"},{"text":"does not oppose labeling of GMO products right to know what is in their food","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/creg5lk","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-let-states-require-gmo-food-labels","start":16,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/label-genetically-enginee_b_1609814.html","start":41,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what exactly are “genetically modified organisms”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Technically, they are  resist herbicides","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/foodsafety\/areas_work\/food-technology\/faq-genetically-modified-food\/en\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/food-recipes\/truth-about-gmos","start":23,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s wrong with that?","type":"h3"},{"text":"the large majority of scientists scientific achievement not be banned","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2015\/01\/29\/public-and-scientists-views-on-science-and-society\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aaas.org\/sites\/default\/files\/AAAS_GM_statement.pdf","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/1\/29\/7947695\/gmos-safety-poll","start":56,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"negative health and environmental impacts Scientific American article  to sue farmers for seed-patent infringements undermine the freedom of small family farmers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/foodsafety\/areas_work\/food-technology\/faq-genetically-modified-food\/en\/","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/the-truth-about-genetically-modified-food\/?page=3","start":42,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/01\/13\/us-usa-court-monsanto-idUSBREA0C10H20140113?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews","start":71,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/sustainable-business\/seed-monopoly-free-seeds-farm-monsanto-dupont","start":116,"end":161}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait. Should I be concerned about Monsanto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has gone on record bill being overturned Monsanto spends several million dollars on lobbying","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ay7LyzXkGG8","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/label-genetically-enginee_b_1609814.html","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/lobby\/clientsum.php?id=D000000055&year=2014","start":41,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about GMOs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"banned GMOs or require labeling large majority of Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/twenty-six-countries-ban-gmos-why-wont-us\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/rundown\/poll-finds-americans-support-gmo-food-labeling\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"war on science","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/press.nationalgeographic.com\/files\/2015\/02\/NGM2015_MAR_CV2.jpg","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Science & Tech issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-science\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, most people support labeling. Science says that GMOs are safe. Why not just label?","type":"h3"},{"text":"claimed to be healthy argues that argue that labeling makes sense","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/health_and_science\/science\/2015\/07\/are_gmos_safe_yes_the_case_against_them_is_full_of_fraud_lies_and_errors.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/politics\/bernie-sanders-pressure-monsanto-article-1.1357031","start":22,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.discovermagazine.com\/collideascape\/2013\/01\/17\/why-gmos-are-great-and-why-they-should-be-labeled\/","start":34,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie saying about these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"GMO labeling he stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-vermont-senate-vote-on-food-labels","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-vermont-senate-vote-on-food-labels","start":12,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What legislation has Bernie supported in reference to GMOs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sanders\/Boxer Amendment Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2012","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/label-genetically-enginee_b_1609814.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ag.senate.gov\/issues\/agriculture-reform-food-and-jobs-act-of-2012","start":24,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"have been genetically modified defeated in Congress","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-let-states-require-gmo-food-labels","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-votes-on-food-labeling-amendment","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Animal Welfare","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-animal-welfare\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/91H-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/91H.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Animal Welfare","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders is an advocate of animal welfare and ensuring animals’ humane treatment. He has co-sponsored several pieces of legislation to protect the interests of animals and has recently received a 100 percent rating from the Humane Society Legislative Fund (HSLF).","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hslf.org\/assets\/pdfs\/humane-scorecard\/humane-scorecard-2014.pdf","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":191,"end":220}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#livestock-issues","label":"Livestock Issues","description":"All animals that are raised for food should be treated humanely with minimum standards of care."},{"href":"#cruelty-toward-animals","label":"Cruelty Toward Animals","description":"All animals must be protected from all forms of cruelty, suffering and abuse, whether in captivity or in the wild."},{"href":"#protecting-wildlife","label":"Protecting Wildlife","description":"All wild animals, especially endangered species, must be protected in their natural habitats."}]},{"text":"Breeding and Captivity Practices","anchors":[{"name":"breeding-and-captivity-practices","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s opinion on inhumane breeding and captivity practices?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Big Cats and Public Safety Protection ActPuppy Uniform Protection and Safety ActCaptive Primate Safety Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/hr1998","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/hr847","start":41,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/hr80","start":80,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do some people provide animals with inadequate environments?","type":"h3"},{"text":"do not believe that animals can suffer or do not see the point in spending money","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/04\/30\/episode-three-of-animal-matters-what-are-the-philosophical-premises-for-why-animal-life-has-no-value-or-is-of-less-worth\/","start":0,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Livestock Issues","anchors":[{"name":"livestock-issues","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to improve the conditions of livestock?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Egg Products Inspection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/hr1731","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the animals which should not be slaughtered for food?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Safeguard American Food Exports Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/541","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cruelty Toward Animals","anchors":[{"name":"cruelty-toward-animals","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"What are Bernie’s views on animal cruelty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pro-animal welfare voting record","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hslf.org\/assets\/pdfs\/humane-scorecard\/humane-scorecard-2014.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policy proposals has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition ActPrevent All Soring Tactics (PAST) Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s666","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2957\/cosponsors","start":41,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Protecting Wildlife","anchors":[{"name":"protecting-wildlife","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"How has Bernie been ranked by pro-wildlife organizations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest scores given to a U.S. Senator from Defenders of Wildlife","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/acl18002_legislative_report_card_v2.pdf","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/action.defenders.org\/site\/VoteCenter?congress=113&repId=28084&session_num=0&page=legScore","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What actions has Bernie taken to protect endangered species?","type":"h3"},{"text":"opposedrepeal of the Alaska Wildlife Refuge Rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00092","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.refugeassociation.org\/2017\/03\/faqs-the-repeal-of-the-alaska-national-wildlife-refuge-rule\/","start":7,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted in favor ofvoted againstin favor of two amendmentsthis letter","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3597\/8939\/27110\/lethal-predator-funding-amendment","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3299\/8048\/27110\/endangered-species-reauthorization-bill#.Va57LvkxOUk","start":17,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3541\/8904\/27110\/endangered-species-act-exemption-amendment#.VbaVYLOrSUl","start":30,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3679\/8905\/27110\/endangered-species-amendment#.VbaVWrOrSUl","start":42,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/372466\/letter-to-the-honorable-dirk-kempthorne-secretary-us-department-of-the-interior#.VbUj2vkxOUk","start":56,"end":67}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Climate Change","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/photo-1416431168657-a6c4184348ab_2-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/photo-1416431168657-a6c4184348ab_2.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Climate Change","type":"h1"},{"text":"National Climate Assessment(IPCC) fifth assessment reportIPCC's special report on global warming of 1.5℃","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalchange.gov\/nca4","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar5\/wg1\/","start":27,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/","start":57,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Combating Climate Skeptics in Washington","links":[{"href":"#combating-climate-skeptics-in-washington","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate Record","links":[{"href":"#climate-record","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Combating Climate Skeptics in Washington","type":"h2"},{"text":"How has Bernie responded to climate change denial in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/p-BxJOsm2uc","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"“sense of congress” amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/climate\/2015\/01\/first-time-years-u-s-senate-voted-climate-change-did-anybody-win","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"denounce these false claimsPresident did not mention climate change at all in his State of the Union Speechone of the greatest threats","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/jan\/24\/bernie-s\/yes-donald-trump-really-did-tweet-climate-change-h\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-trump-response-climate-change-1319771","start":27,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/energy-environment\/260184-sanders-climate-change-still-greatest-threat-to-national-security","start":107,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate Record","type":"h2"},{"text":"offset his campaign’s carbon emissions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news-campaigns\/435074-sanders-campaign-to-offset-all-carbon-emissions-from","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate change is a racial justice issue","type":"h3"},{"text":"Environmental Justice Plan,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How will investing in infrastructure help combat climate change?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Society of Civil Engineersbridges are old47,000structurally deficientcosts U.S. motorists $131 billionmajor roadsVehicle travel increased by 17major urban highwaysTraffic congestion$160 billion annually","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/BridgesbyAge_v3-1024x817.pdf","start":35,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":50,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/BestWorstBridgeStates_v3-1024x817.pdf","start":56,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.tripnet.org\/docs\/Fact_Sheet_National.pdf","start":78,"end":111},{"href":"http:\/\/www.tripnet.org\/docs\/Fact_Sheet_National.pdf","start":111,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/www.tripnet.org\/docs\/Fact_Sheet_National.pdf","start":122,"end":152},{"href":"https:\/\/www.asce.org\/uploadedFiles\/Issues_and_Advocacy\/Our_Initiatives\/Infrastructure\/Content_Pieces\/failure-to-act-transportation-report.pdf","start":152,"end":172},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/traffic-why-its-getting-worse-what-government-can-do\/","start":172,"end":190},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/TotalCostCongestion-1024x817.pdf","start":190,"end":211}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the biggest contributors to carbon emissions in the United Statescarbon emissions are the primary cause of climate changeBernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks","start":0,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/causes\/","start":65,"end":121},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":121,"end":127}],"type":"p"},{"text":"national security threatcosting the Air Force billionsBernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/apnews.com\/6d929a38194c4d10b4fc360dfc676b1f","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/climate-change-is-costing-the-air-force-billions-6059ea179316\/?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&utm_content=5ca8f04400e48b00017e38b9&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter","start":24,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":54,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie have experience dealing with scientific issues in the Senate?","type":"h3"},{"text":"served on key Senate committees","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ballotpedia.org\/Bernie_Sanders","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How well does Bernie understand the issues around and science behind climate change?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie dropping science in Congress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=p-BxJOsm2uc&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s work on climate change compare to that of other senators?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Climate Hawks Votescorecardoutspoken support","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.climatehawksvote.com\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.climatehawksvote.com\/look_up_vt","start":18,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/views\/2015\/04\/30\/why-planet-happy-bernie-sanders-running-president","start":27,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People’s Climate March ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2014\/9\/22\/bernie_sanders_at_peoples_climate_march","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/10155874287317908\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support the Green New Deal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Yes, he does. He has been calling for  Green New Deal measures since 2016 and cosponsored 2019 Green New Deal legislation in the Senate.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/grist.org\/article\/bernie-sanders-the-godfather-of-the-green-new-deal-announces-presidential-run\/","start":39,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/sres59\/BILLS-116sres59is.pdf","start":78,"end":109}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to fight climate Change?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Drilling","type":"h4"},{"text":"auctioning off Florida coastal watersno safe offshore drilling","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/politi.co\/2Uqif6O","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1117047721746153472","start":37,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie spoke out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.merkley.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Arctic%20Drilling%20Sign%20on%20letter%20Final.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fracking","type":"h4"},{"text":"calling for a nationwide ban on fracking","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1125747358816505856","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Water","type":"h4"},{"text":"Water Resources Development Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s601\/text","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted againstStream Protection RuleAppalachian Mountains","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00043","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/scipol.org\/track\/public-law-115-5-joint-resolution-disapproving-rule-submitted-department-interior-kno\/repeal","start":13,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/appvoices.org\/end-mountaintop-removal\/ecology\/","start":35,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Water Rights Protection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1230\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22congressId%3A116+AND+billStatus%3A%5C%22Introduced%5C%22%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Air pollution","type":"h4"},{"text":"Bernie joined Senate colleagues in speaking outClean Power Act of 2007","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.schatz.senate.gov\/press-releases\/senators-schatz-whitehouse-king-markey-boxer-warren-sanders-urge-department-of-the-interior-to-solicit-information-on-black-carbon-pollution","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s1201\/summary","start":48,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s309","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People Before Polluters Climate Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/12\/7\/9861048\/sanders-climate-plan","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean Power Planlimit methane","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/our-work\/global-warming\/reduce-emissions\/what-is-the-clean-power-plan","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/legal-planet.org\/2016\/02\/26\/bernie-sanders-position-on-the-clean-power-plan\/","start":16,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about fossil fuel subsidies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“end fossil fuel welfare.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $21 billion in production and exploration subsidies introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/2014\/07\/09\/cashing-in-on-all-of-the-above-u-s-fossil-fuel-production-subsidies-under-obama\/","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":57,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Keep It In The Ground Act","type":"h3"},{"text":"Keep It In The Ground Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/11\/4\/9671406\/sanders-merkley-bill-leasing","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on the Keystone XL pipeline?","type":"h3"},{"text":"vehemently opposes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.narf.org\/cases\/keystone\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the latest on the Keystone XL pipeline?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Keystone XL PipelineSouth DakotaMissouriemergency shutdown to deal with the spill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/KeystonePipeline","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-transcanada-keystone-spill\/keystone-oil-pipeline-leaks-in-south-dakota-as-nebraska-weighs-xl-idUSKBN1DG30K","start":20,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-oil-transcanada-keystone\/transcanadas-keystone-pipeline-still-partly-shut-after-missouri-leak-idUSKCN1Q01T0","start":32,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/business.financialpost.com\/commodities\/energy\/part-of-keystone-xl-pipeline-still-shut-down-after-leak-in-missouri-transcanada-says","start":40,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"January 24, 2017, President Donald Trumpcourt filingsCourt cases Keystone XL Pipeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/24\/us\/politics\/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/resources\/keystone-xl-case-documents","start":40,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/calgary\/keystone-delays-1.5123603","start":53,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/stories\/what-keystone-pipeline","start":65,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"temporarily blocked constructionpre-construction workunclearchanged its name","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/boldnebraska.org\/in-blow-to-pipeline-project-court-invalidates-trump-administrations-keystone-xl-environmental-review-blocks-construction\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/16\/keystone-xl-suffers-another-setback-judge-blocks-work-on-pipeline.html","start":32,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-transcanada-strategy\/impact-of-u-s-court-ruling-on-keystone-xl-timing-unclear-transcanada-idUSKCN1NI207","start":53,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/business.financialpost.com\/commodities\/not-a-brand-change-new-name-same-pipeline-challenges-for-tc-energy","start":60,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-environmental-protection\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie combat climate change if so many corporations spend so much money trying to maintain the status quo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"fund scientists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/global_warming\/solutions\/fight-misinformation\/global-warming-skeptic.html#.VbhoxuhVikp","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"signed the No Fossil Fuel Money Pledge","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/nofossilfuelmoney.org\/signers\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So has Bernie ever gone after the big polluters?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Super Pollutants Act of 2014“gold standard” climate bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/the-climate-pledge\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/sanders-boxer-outline-gold-standard-climate-bill\/","start":28,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"saidClimate Protection Act of 2013fund End Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-clintons-climate-plan-not-enough-120738.html#ixzz3hKEIJv27","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/a-climate-crisis","start":4,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/sanders-and-boxer-introduce-fee-and-dividend-climate-bill-greens-tickled-pink\/","start":34,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":39,"end":63}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Energy Policy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/open-road-350x235.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/open-road.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Energy Policy","type":"h1"},{"text":"Energy Efficiency and a Sustainable Energy System:","links":[{"href":"#energy-efficiency","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ban Nuclear Energy","links":[{"href":"#ban-nuclear-energy","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Fossil Fuel Subsidies","links":[{"href":"#end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Fossil Fuels In The Ground","links":[{"href":"#keep-fossil-fuels-in-the-ground","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Renewable Energy","links":[{"href":"#financial-access-to-renewable-energy","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Green Jobs","links":[{"href":"#green-jobs","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Energy Efficiency and a Sustainable Energy System","type":"h2"},{"text":"believes climate change is the single greatest threat facing our planet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"How do we reduce greenhouse gas emissions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"These grids","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smartgrid.gov\/files\/eEnergy_Vermont_Case_Study_12_23_2011.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"announced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/sanders-and-sandia-announce-new-15-million-energy-lab-at-university-of-vermont\/Content?oid=2179223","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to stop pollution from fossil fuels?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Clean Power Act of 2007","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s1201\/summary","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s309","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People Before Polluters” Climate PlanClean Water ActClean Air Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/12\/7\/9861048\/sanders-climate-plan","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/laws-regulations\/summary-clean-water-act","start":37,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/clean-air-act-overview","start":52,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean Power Planlimit methane","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/our-work\/global-warming\/reduce-emissions\/what-is-the-clean-power-plan","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/legal-planet.org\/2016\/02\/26\/bernie-sanders-position-on-the-clean-power-plan\/","start":16,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ban Nuclear Energy Expansion","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s view on nuclear energy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1129156934991568897","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/?limit=500","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"nuclear power companies are exploiting loopholes in green-power incentives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/agenda\/story\/2019\/04\/23\/nuclear-energy-climate-change-000893","start":0,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposition to storing nuclear waste in Yucca Mountain","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1129156934991568897","start":0,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Fossil Fuel Subsidies","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about fossil fuel subsidies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"government subsidies particularly egregioussubsidies and benefits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/fossil-fuel-subsidies-pentagon-spending-imf-report-833035\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":20,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/climate\/2012\/10\/15\/1013991\/senator-bernie-sanders-to-battle-global-warming-we-must-pick-clean-energy-as-a-winner\/","start":43,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $21 billion in production and exploration subsidies2019 report$649 billion in 2015","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/2014\/07\/09\/cashing-in-on-all-of-the-above-u-s-fossil-fuel-production-subsidies-under-obama\/","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/~\/media\/Files\/Publications\/WP\/2019\/WPIEA2019089.ashx","start":57,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WP\/Issues\/2019\/05\/02\/Global-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Remain-Large-An-Update-Based-on-Country-Level-Estimates-46509","start":68,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Fossil Fuels In The Ground","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie wants to ban fossil fuel extraction on public lands","type":"h3"},{"text":"2015Bernie joined Senator Jeff Merkley of OregonKeep It In The Ground Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/keep-it-in-the-ground-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/11\/4\/9671406\/sanders-merkley-bill-leasing","start":4,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s750\/BILLS-115s750is.pdf","start":48,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Block all future leases and end non-producing leases for coal, oil, gas, oil shale and tar sands on all federally owned lands.","Block all future leases and end non-producing leases for offshore drilling in the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.","Prohibit all offshore drilling in the Arctic and the Atlantic oceans."]},{"text":"Ending fossil fuel exports","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ban offshore drilling","type":"h3"},{"text":"auctioning off Florida coastal watersno “safe” offshore drilling","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/politi.co\/2Uqif6O","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1117047721746153472","start":37,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie spoke out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.merkley.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Arctic%20Drilling%20Sign%20on%20letter%20Final.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ban fracking","type":"h3"},{"text":"Frackingwater use and transportationcarcinogens  contaminate surrounding groundwaterdumped on roads","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-14432401","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/analysis-fracking-waters-dirty-secret\/?redirect=1","start":8,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/10\/30\/toxic-chemicals-and-carcinogens-skyrocket-near-fracking-sites-study-says","start":36,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nrdc.org\/energy\/gasdrilling\/","start":48,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.timesunion.com\/opinion\/article\/Dumping-fracking-waste-on-roads-hazardous-to-12165056.php","start":84,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"calling for a nationwide ban ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1125747358816505856","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate Protection Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:SN00332:@@@D&summ2=m&","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean and Renewable Energy","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie advocates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-sets-out-energy-policy-principles","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Solar Energy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stating that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/a-chat-with-bernie-sanders-on-his-new-10-million-solar-roofs-bill","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s early 2010 legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/grist.org\/article\/2010-02-04-a-chat-with-bernie-sanders-on-his-new-10-million-solar-roofs-bil\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"remarked","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/climate\/2015\/07\/07\/3677745\/bernie-sanders-introduces-solar-legislation","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low income homes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/lisasummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"1.45 megawatt solar energy projectGuard’s electricity needs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vpr.net\/news_detail\/95650\/sanders-epa-tout-vermont-guards-solar-project\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/military-energy","start":34,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support wind energy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"entirely powered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/climate\/2014\/09\/15\/3567307\/vermont-renewable-power\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opposednational implications","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/01\/28\/bernie-sanders-vermont-wind-energy-power-project_n_2568854.html","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-of-senator-bernie-sanders-on-climate-change-and-a-proposed-moratorium-on-wind-energy","start":14,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support geothermal energy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"roundtable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2010\/04\/17\/geothermal-energy","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can the United States afford to bolster these alternative energy sources?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Efficiency Vermont","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.efficiencyvermont.com\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"100 percent renewable energy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ecowatch.com\/2015\/02\/10\/brlington-runs-on-100-percent-renewable-energy\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How are we going to pay for this? What policies has Bernie proposed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Residential Energy Savings Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.energy.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2013\/6\/wyden-sanders-introduce-bill-to-reduce-energy-use-lower-home-utility-costs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Low Income Solar ActGreen Jobs ActEnergy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant ProgramEnd Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/lisasummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/hr2863","start":20,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/energy.gov\/eere\/wipo\/energy-efficiency-and-conservation-block-grant-program","start":34,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":88,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Renewable Energy","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Low Income Solar Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-introduces-solar-initiative","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Residential Energy Savings Actthe Low Income Solar Actthe Green Jobs Actthe Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant ProgramEfficiency Vermont","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1200","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-introduces-solar-initiative","start":30,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/2863","start":54,"end":72},{"href":"http:\/\/energy.gov\/eere\/wipo\/energy-efficiency-and-conservation-block-grant-program","start":72,"end":130},{"href":"https:\/\/www.efficiencyvermont.com\/","start":130,"end":148}],"type":"p"},{"text":"approved a weatherization amendment proposed by Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-sanders-weatherization-amendment","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie held a press conference","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-weatherization-is-a-winner","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/02\/25\/politics\/bernie-sanders-climate-change-existential-crisis\/index.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Green Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Green Jobs ActEnergy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-green-jobs-for-vermont","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/energy.gov\/eere\/wipo\/energy-efficiency-and-conservation-block-grant-program","start":14,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate Protection Actsaidcalled him","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s332","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sustainablebusiness.com\/index.cfm\/go\/news.display\/id\/24575","start":22,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/environment\/2015\/05\/bernie-sanders-greenest-presidential-candidate","start":26,"end":36}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Environmental Protection","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-environmental-protection\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/industry-611668_1920-350x179.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/industry-611668_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Environmental Protection","type":"h1"},{"text":"consistently workedThe Rebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/scorecard.lcv.org\/moc\/bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":20,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conservation","links":[{"href":"#conservation","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean Water and Air","links":[{"href":"#clean-water-and-air","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Parks & Hunting Lands","links":[{"href":"#public-parks-and-hunting-lands","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Climate Change:","links":[{"href":"#addressing-climate-change","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conservation","type":"h2"},{"text":"aquifer","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/ogw\/aquifer\/USAaquiferMAP11_17.pdf","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is conservation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Conservation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.budgetdumpster.com\/blog\/world-nature-conservation-day\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is conservation important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"ensurebetter environment potential medicinesvalue of conservationprotecting the planet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/news\/why-we-need-strong-epa","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/fact-sheets\/2015\/05\/government-regulation-costs-lower-benefits-greater-than-industry-estimates","start":6,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.saylor.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/BIO313-Importance-of-Conservation-v2-FINAL-DEMARY.pdf","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/energy-environment\/wp\/2015\/07\/13\/were-finally-starting-to-realize-what-nature-is-really-worth\/?utm_term=.87ab7638e111","start":44,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.conserve-energy-future.com\/reasons-why-we-need-to-be-environmentally-conscious.php","start":65,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In what ways has Bernie stood up for conservation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted againstin favor of two amendmentsthis letter","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3299\/8048\/27110\/endangered-species-reauthorization-bill#.Va57LvkxOUk","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3541\/8904\/27110\/endangered-species-act-exemption-amendment#.VbaVYLOrSUl","start":13,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3679\/8905\/27110\/endangered-species-amendment#.VbaVWrOrSUl","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/372466\/letter-to-the-honorable-dirk-kempthorne-secretary-us-department-of-the-interior#.VbUj2vkxOUk","start":39,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013 voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s954\/text","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00128","start":47,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Fence League of Conservation Voters (LCV) notes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2006\/roll446.xml","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/scorecard.lcv.org\/roll-call-vote\/2013-151-border-fence","start":13,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/scorecard.lcv.org\/roll-call-vote\/2017-243-protecting-arctic-refuge","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposedrepeal of the Alaska Wildlife Refuge Rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00092","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.refugeassociation.org\/2017\/03\/faqs-the-repeal-of-the-alaska-national-wildlife-refuge-rule\/","start":7,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted in favor of","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3597\/8939\/27110\/lethal-predator-funding-amendment","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"highest scores given to a U.S. Senator from Defenders of Wildlife","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/field_document\/acl18002_legislative_report_card_v2.pdf","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/action.defenders.org\/site\/VoteCenter?congress=113&repId=28084&session_num=0&page=legScore","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"100% on the League of Conservation Voters (LCV) environmental scorecard","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/scorecard.lcv.org\/moc\/bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/alaskaconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Cropped-Carib-768x432.jpg","type":"img","width":768,"height":432},{"text":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaskaconservation.org\/protecting-alaska\/priorities\/protecting-lands-waters\/arctic\/anwr\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tropical Forest Conservation Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-105hr2870enr\/pdf\/BILLS-105hr2870enr.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean Water and Air","type":"h2"},{"text":"serves onCommittee on Environment and Public Works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/about\/committees","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epw.senate.gov\/public\/","start":9,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do we clean water in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multiple-step processtwo main sources of drinking water $2 per 1,000 gallons100 gallons of water per day.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/water.epa.gov\/lawsregs\/guidance\/sdwa\/upload\/2009_08_28_sdwa_fs_30ann_treatment_web.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/drinking\/public\/water_treatment.html","start":14,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/the-water-we-drink","start":22,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/safewater.zendesk.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/211400478-How-much-does-it-cost-to-treat-and-deliver-drinking-water-","start":56,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/safewater.zendesk.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/211400478-How-much-does-it-cost-to-treat-and-deliver-drinking-water-","start":77,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wastewater Treatment facilities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/edu\/wuww.html","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/edu\/wuww.html","start":10,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean water is important, but why should we be concerned?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Clean Water Act especially in Lake Erie new pollutantsnot addressed outdated and not unified Runoff pollution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/laws-regulations\/summary-clean-water-act","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/clevelandhistorical.org\/items\/show\/58#.Vbo2MpOrSHo","start":16,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/08\/lake-erie-algae\/","start":40,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/Environment\/2012\/1018\/Clean-Water-Act-at-40-Is-it-failing-to-meet-new-pollution-challenges","start":55,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/sites.nationalacademies.org\/cs\/groups\/internationalsite\/documents\/webpage\/international_053825.pdf","start":68,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/water.epa.gov\/polwaste\/nps\/","start":93,"end":109}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 report $1 trillion over the next 25 years","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Wastewater-Final.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gracelinks.org\/2382\/the-importance-of-clean-water","start":11,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drinking-Water-Final.pdf","start":12,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pentagon pushed to weaken regulations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/04\/26\/pentagon-pushed-weakened-regulations-toxic-chemicals-endangering-drinking-water","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Four million householdsextremely dangerousdevelopment and lower intelligence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/lead\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/toxic-lead-can-stay-in-the-body-for-years-after-exposure-53607","start":23,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/flint-fight-lead-pollution-nutrition","start":42,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie returned to Flint, Michigansaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mlive.com\/news\/flint\/2018\/02\/campaign_confirms_bernie_sande.html","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1121445976621953024","start":34,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/legionnairediseasenews.lexblogplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/382\/2018\/01\/160128-flint-drinking-water-pipes-yh-0357p_5ee6fbfc6af1099161e690c66b6ba389.nbcnews-ux-2880-1000-660x380.jpg","type":"img","width":660,"height":380},{"text":"Has Bernie supported legislation protecting our water?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act of 2015joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/2015\/1\/investing-in-infrastructure-will-support-13-million-jobs","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":28,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":34,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else has Bernie worked toward protecting clean water?","type":"h3"},{"text":"auctioning off Florida coastal watersno safe offshore drilling","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/politi.co\/2Uqif6O","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1117047721746153472","start":37,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Water Resources Development Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s601\/text","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wild and Scenic rivers designation dead zones algae blooms","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/vermont-rivers-recognized-as-wild-and-scenic-rivers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vpr.net\/news_detail\/95691\/lake-champlain-water-quality-gets-worse-as-summer\/","start":35,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2014\/08\/24\/state-will-step-testing-toxic-blue-green-algae-lake-champlain\/","start":46,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie spoke out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.merkley.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Arctic%20Drilling%20Sign%20on%20letter%20Final.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted againstStream Protection RuleAppalachian MountainsWater Rights Protection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00043","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/scipol.org\/track\/public-law-115-5-joint-resolution-disapproving-rule-submitted-department-interior-kno\/repeal","start":13,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/appvoices.org\/end-mountaintop-removal\/ecology\/","start":35,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1230\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22congressId%3A116+AND+billStatus%3A%5C%22Introduced%5C%22%22%5D%7D","start":56,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(WATER) Act of 2019 transforming and modernizing our water infrastructure and sewer systems","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/116\/s611\/text","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/02\/28\/lawmakers-introduce-sweeping-legislation-fix-nations-crumbling-water-infrastructure","start":19,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"calling for a nationwide ban on Fracking","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1125747358816505856","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie’s record show in fighting pollution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie joined Senate colleagues in speaking outClean Power Act of 2007","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.schatz.senate.gov\/press-releases\/senators-schatz-whitehouse-king-markey-boxer-warren-sanders-urge-department-of-the-interior-to-solicit-information-on-black-carbon-pollution","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s1201\/summary","start":48,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/110\/s309","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People for Polluters Climate Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/12\/7\/9861048\/sanders-climate-plan","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Environmental Justice plan,crumbling water infrastructurelead paintwaste treatment facilitiesCamden, New Jersey","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/investigations\/ct-lead-found-in-tap-water-app-story-20180412-story.html","start":27,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-met-burns-harbor-steel-mill-lead-pollution-20180723-story.html","start":57,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courierpostonline.com\/story\/news\/local\/south-jersey\/2018\/12\/06\/nj-environmental-justice-initiative-target-polluters-minority-low-income-communities\/2223798002\/","start":67,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.povertylaw.org\/files\/docs\/article\/chr_2002_may_june_pomar.pdf","start":93,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Clean Power Planlimit methane","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/our-work\/global-warming\/reduce-emissions\/what-is-the-clean-power-plan","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/legal-planet.org\/2016\/02\/26\/bernie-sanders-position-on-the-clean-power-plan\/","start":16,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2b\/Missisquoi_Valley_Rail_Trail_6.JPG\/1280px-Missisquoi_Valley_Rail_Trail_6.JPG","type":"img","width":1280,"height":960},{"text":"Wikipedia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Missisquoi_Valley_Rail_Trail","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Parks & Hunting Lands","type":"h2"},{"text":"servesCommittee on Energy and Natural Resources","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/about\/committees","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy.senate.gov\/public\/","start":6,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are public lands?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Public landsmanagedSecretary of the Interiortypes of public land The United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife RefugesLandsBureau of Land Management FLPMA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.doi.gov\/blog\/americas-public-lands-explained","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/zmaax3\/swamp-monsters-trump-cabinet-hearing-david-bernhardt-interior-secretary-confirmation-hearing-greenpeace-vgtrn","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/this-is-shameful-david-bernhardt-trumps-appointee-to-lead-the-department-of-the-\/10157821385332908\/","start":19,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/indefinitelywild.gizmodo.com\/national-park-vs-national-forest-your-public-land-expl-1697581346","start":44,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/","start":64,"end":107},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuges\/","start":108,"end":133},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/graphics\/2018-us-land-use\/","start":134,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.blm.gov\/about\/laws-and-regulations","start":139,"end":164},{"href":"https:\/\/www.blm.gov\/sites\/blm.gov\/files\/AboutUs_LawsandRegs_FLPMA.pdf","start":165,"end":170}],"type":"p"},{"text":"National parks are awesome. What concerns surround them?","type":"h3"},{"text":"privatize national parksdecades sell potentially destructive","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2017\/jun\/25\/us-national-parks-privatized-trump-administration","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/reason.com\/1982\/03\/01\/privatize-those-lands","start":25,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevehanke\/2017\/12\/17\/follow-the-founders-and-privatize-public-lands\/#7a172bee4db0","start":32,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/la-oe-palmer-miller-1872-mining-law-20190412-story.html","start":37,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"higher National Park fees underfundedrequiring funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2015\/06\/23\/416906464\/just-in-time-for-summer-national-parks-hiking-entrance-fees","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/thenevadaindependent.com\/article\/a-trump-administration-review-budget-delays-leave-fieldwork-on-public-lands-unfunded","start":26,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/climate\/trump-environment-rollbacks.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=8084618B8E91D56C13D797C1AB07D8C8&gwt=pay","start":38,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What legislation has Bernie supported to protect and create public lands?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act of 2015joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/2015\/1\/investing-in-infrastructure-will-support-13-million-jobs","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":28,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":34,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"amendmentsale of public lands and wildlife refuge areas2017 effort in the House","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/114-2015\/s106","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.alaskapublic.org\/2015\/03\/27\/murkowski-adds-federal-land-disposal-measure-to-budget\/","start":10,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2017\/jan\/19\/bureau-land-management-federal-lease","start":56,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep it in the Ground Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/11\/4\/9671406\/sanders-merkley-bill-leasing","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"co-signed a 2015 letterLand and Water Conservation Fundprotect more public lands","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wyden.senate.gov\/download\/?id=8B850890-3B68-4897-A073-9E62E8052337&download=1","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.doi.gov\/lwcf","start":24,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.lwcfcoalition.com\/about-lwcf","start":56,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Land and Water Conservation Fund Permanent Funding Act of 2019revenue from offshore oil and gas leasesThe revenue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1081\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%221081%22%5D%7D&r=3&s=1","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tompfister\/2019\/04\/10\/backers-want-bucks-for-land-and-water-conservation-fund\/#631cf26e5c7b","start":62,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/58a60299ff7c508c3c05f2e1\/t\/599c96336a49636b80e3a478\/1503434291912\/Economics+factsheet+8.21.17.pdf","start":102,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/common\/uploads\/banner_image\/imr\/homepage\/99556161-1DD8-B71B-0B896E4D786C6B47.jpg","type":"img","width":3529,"height":1028},{"text":"U.S. NPS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/grca\/index.htm","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some of Bernie’s accomplishments for creating public use lands?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie worked mixed-used park","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/26\/us\/politics\/as-mayor-bernie-sanders-was-more-pragmatic-than-socialist.html","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":14,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"episode 51","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cctv.org\/watch-tv\/programs\/51-sanders-discusses-cedo-and-waterfront-issues-george-thabault-and-michael-monte","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/assets3.thrillist.com\/v1\/image\/1435902\/size\/gn-gift_guide_variable_c.jpg","type":"img","width":970,"height":692},{"text":"Thrillist","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thrillist.com\/home\/the-most-beautiful-lighthouses-in-the-world","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing Climate Change","type":"h2"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Pass a Green New Deal ","Invest in infrastructure to protect the communities most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change","Reduce carbon pollution emissions by building out high-speed passenger rail, electric vehicles, and public transit.","Ban fracking and new fossil fuel infrastructure ","Ban fossil fuel leases on public lands.","End exports of coal, natural gas, and crude oil."]},{"text":"Click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Economic Inequality","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Economic Inequality","type":"h1"},{"text":"he has stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547291\/sen-bernie-sanders-middle-class-disappearing","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"super-rich","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual 0.1% Tax on Extreme Wealth to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":292,"end":313}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-disparity-of-wealth-and-opportunity-in-america","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code for Citizens, Corporations & Banks","links":[{"href":"#fixing-the-tax-code","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","links":[{"href":"#expanding-the-social-safety-net-and-increasing-access-to-opportunity","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating & Keeping Better Jobs","links":[{"href":"#creating-and-keeping-better-jobs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming the Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","links":[{"href":"#reforming-broken-criminal-justice-and-immigration-systems","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/VePpQBCbKBw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","type":"h2"},{"text":"since the Great Depression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"84 percent of the wealth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one missed paycheck away from going into poverty40% of Americans can’t afford a $400 emergency","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/01\/29\/americans-liquid-asset-poor-propserity-now-report\/?ed","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/22\/pf\/emergency-expenses-household-finances\/index.html","start":48,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this have something to do with the 99% thing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at the top huge fortunesestates 41 percent of children are low-income19 percent live below the poverty linenot make enough much, much more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.newyorker.com\/photos\/5a666a6a6731fd1ea7517e21\/master\/w_727,c_limit\/Angler-Im-Jeff-Bezos-Im-Your-Dad-Now.jpg","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/seattle.curbed.com\/maps\/washington-state-billionaire-homes-bill-gates-jeff-bezos","start":24,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":32,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":69,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/#66da358f5216","start":107,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/mar\/18\/america-ceo-worker-pay-gap-new-data-what-can-we-do","start":122,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent 23% in 1989 to nearly 32% in 2018three wealthiest people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":11,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf","start":44,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In his own words the state of wealth distribution in the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-downward-transfer-of-wealth-of-top-one-percent\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/01percent.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":585},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/peak-inequality-the-01-and-the-impoverishment-of-society\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But what about income? Is that more balanced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/ineqbubbles_040512.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":459},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working People","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code ","type":"h2"},{"text":"How would Bernie’s tax policy work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracketmoney earned above $612,350","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/2019-tax-brackets\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent for rich people. That seems too high.","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yes tax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":3,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve heard something about ‘capital gains’ and ‘dividends’… Is that related to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"similar rates to normal income lowered dramatically","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/how-taxed.cfm","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/taxfacts\/displayafact.cfm?Docid=161","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the Tax Policy Center","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/lower-rate.cfm","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising taxes on dividends and capital gains yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-tax-plan","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/07\/addressing_the_need_for_more_federal_revenue.php#_edn2","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow. So what other ways can we address inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worth $11.4 million or more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.freeadvice.com\/tax_law\/estate_tax_law\/estate_tax_kick.htm","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estate tax“billionaire tax,federal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"for many years the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":15,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shouldn’t people be able to pass on money to their children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/at-afl-cio-convention-sanders-proposes-wealth-tax","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed lowering the bar on estate taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tdp4fUowhbw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about corporate taxes and regulation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out Politifact analysis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7VN_E9WRMdE","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":11,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"locale with low corporate tax rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":21,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on corporate “tax dodging”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"legalized tax fraud","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/323187-sanders-offers-bill-aimed-at-preventing-corporate-tax-avoidance","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about tax subsidies to profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-ellison-introduce-bill-to-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving away that much taxpayer money to fossil fuel companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$135 billion  this extensive fact sheet","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_Section_by_Section.pdf","start":13,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie tried to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":40,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, and what about banks? Didn’t they contribute to our last economic meltdown in 2008?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a place to gain short term profits That’s a big part of what happened in 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":35,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"famous filibuster speech in 2010","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?297021-5\/senator-sanders-filibuster","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how does Bernie propose we deal with Wall Street?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He’s proposed a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT Robin Hood Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.robinhoodtax.org\/","start":46,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would this really work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dean-baker\/bernie-sanders-takes-it-t_b_7438808.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does expanding the social safety net entail, according to Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expansion of Social Security Public Assistance issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Social%20Security%20Statment%20-%208-24-11.pdf","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":29,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $9,000 per year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College for All Act Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":20,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Actthis editoriallink to the Medicare for All legislation14 other Senatorspay for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":34,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2019?id=0DD31317-EF09-4349-A0D4-0510991EF748&download=1&inline=file","start":48,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-financing?id=860FD1B9-3E8A-4ADD-8C1F-0DEDC8D45BC1&download=1&inline=file","start":105,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored legislation Health care issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating and Keeping Better Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Livable Wage Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/692","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the minimum wage in America today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed flat CEO pay is up nearly 1000 percent percent since 1978","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":23,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about raising the minimum wage now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie called on fellow lawmakers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/237072-republicans-blocks-sanders-minimum-wage-amendment","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wageFrom the startFight for $15may save lives and lower the suicide rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":63,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":77,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/04\/raising-the-minimum-wage-may-help-save-lives.html","start":90,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hundreds of top economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonDisneyWalmartBernie was invited","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-dollars-2018-10","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/05\/21\/sen-bernie-sanders-walmart-hourly-worker-board-of-directors\/","start":19,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So things are bad for everyone, wage-wise, but don’t women make even less? What’s Bernie doing to address the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap that exists39 extra days","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adopt Equal Pay for Equal WorkcosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":39,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":68,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":78,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":100,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":121,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":132,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":28,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":79,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And what about creating new jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":11,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":54,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":78,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America ActInfrastructure issue page Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":30,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":55,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s he doing to keep jobs in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"led the fight","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie in 1993 railing against NAFTA ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=I0XIgEK6heM","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mentions in this editorialtrade policies here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":27,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else does Bernie plan on supporting American workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2 or 3 jobs66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of men are working more than 40 hours a week","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":11,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers’ Rights issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on supporting youths?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the criminal justice system like in the U.S. today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more people behind bars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/dbDdeuzcp4zqy0KJxMKemxu2t74=\/624x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/ESZ22DCUT45J5LXNVLG3HEPRDY.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/xrrp1WADGxHO_oyW3VWJ8xTHJ5g=\/467x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/NKHWP5YP4I6TFPETSOF3BRWMDI.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about fixing our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/jun\/15\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-black-male-baby-born-today-has\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a bill to end cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/jul\/25\/bernie-sanders-cash-bail-bill-seeks-to-end-modern-day-debtors-prisons","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal JusticeRacial Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":16,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with our immigration system and how it affects economic inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie strongly supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk&feature=youtu.be&t=10m","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"The Economy & Jobs","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/9183391040_0ff9983596_o-233x350.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/9183391040_0ff9983596_o.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Corporate Regulation","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/architecture-building-city-41170-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/architecture-building-city-41170.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Corporate Regulation","type":"h1"},{"text":"Real Wall Street Reformoverseas tax havensbillions in government subsidiestax loopholespay their taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.frontiergroup.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/The%20Hidden%20Cost%20of%20Offshore%20Tax%20Havens%20vUS.pdf","start":23,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/taxanalysts\/2014\/03\/14\/where-is-the-outrage-over-corporate-welfare\/","start":42,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.accounting-degree.org\/accounting-tricks\/","start":74,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press\/2015\/02\/05\/sanders-says-we-can-create-jobs-by-making-profitable-corporations-pay-their-fair-share-of-taxes","start":87,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Offshore Tax Havens","links":[{"href":"#end-offshore-tax-havens","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Subsidies to Big Business","links":[{"href":"#big-business","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturn Citizens United","links":[{"href":"#citizens-united","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Support Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses","links":[{"href":"#small-businesses","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Offshore Tax Havens","type":"h2"},{"text":"Business Roundtablerarely pay the 35 percent ratepay no taxes at allstash their profits tax evasion methodsOffshore LeaksPanama PapersParadise PapersSwiss Leaks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/larrysummers.com\/2017\/10\/24\/33826\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2008\/08\/13\/study-tallies-corporations-not-paying-income-tax\/?_r=0","start":19,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/business\/taxes\/trumps-tax-cuts\/you-paid-taxes-these-corporations-didnt\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/taxanalysts\/2014\/03\/14\/where-is-the-outrage-over-corporate-welfare\/#4f7d4b8127dd","start":68,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pbJVte7mkJs","start":88,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/blog\/2013\/04\/highlights-offshore-leaks-so-far\/","start":107,"end":121},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/panama-papers\/","start":121,"end":134},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/series\/paradise-papers","start":134,"end":149},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/swiss-leaks\/","start":149,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"these businessesto get around paying their fair share avoiding their tax liability to maximize profits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2017\/8\/10\/16122636\/american-action-tax-reform-ad","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/business\/taxes\/trumps-tax-cuts\/you-paid-taxes-these-corporations-didnt\/","start":16,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2015\/jun\/19\/tax-havens-money-cayman-islands-jersey-offshore-accounts","start":53,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"issued a reporteditoria","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Tax-Dodge-Report-3.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/corporate-greed-must-end_b_7653442","start":15,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’m no economist. How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/11\/amazon-starbucks-corporate-tax-avoidance\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a country with low corporate tax rates common method of tax evasion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/what-is-corporate-inversion-4164559","start":39,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Florida-based Burger King acquired and merged with Tim Horton’s under the umbrella company Restaurant Brands International. Now based in Canada, it could avoid $117 million in U.S. taxes by never having to pay corporate income tax on foreign profits it holds offshore.","Ingersoll Rand reincorporated in Bermuda in 2002 and then relocated again to Ireland in 2009, all while keeping the bulk of its management and workforce in North Carolina.","Minnesota-based Medtronic, one of the world’s largest medical technology companies, acquired Ireland-based Covidien in 2014 while maintaining its presence in Minnesota."]},{"text":"“double Irish” or a “Dutch Sandwich,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/double-irish-with-a-dutch-sandwich.asp?version=v1","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.offshorecompany.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/double-irish-arrangement-with-dutch-sandwich.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":479},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.offshorecompany.com\/company\/ireland-corp\/tax-savings\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I love companies like Amazon and Google. Why should I care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":" Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":1,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"especially to American small businessestax breaks,profits earned offshore$155.1 billion$664.9 billionBernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.uspirg.org\/sites\/pirg\/files\/reports\/U.S.%20PIRG%20Ed%20Fund%20-%20Picking%20Up%20The%20Tab%202015.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/what-tcja-repatriation-tax-and-how-does-it-work","start":40,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econres\/notes\/feds-notes\/us-corporations-repatriation-of-offshore-profits-20180904.htm","start":51,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/03\/27\/us-companies-bring-home-665-billion-in-overseas-cash-last-year.html","start":74,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/03\/27\/us-companies-bring-home-665-billion-in-overseas-cash-last-year.html","start":88,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/report-republican-tax-bill-hands-15-corporations-236-billion-tax-break","start":102,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4811490\/Screen_Shot_2014-07-25_at_12.22.42_PM.png","type":"img","width":753,"height":733},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/7\/25\/5936837\/chart-us-corporations-declining-tax-burden-inversions-corporate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I keep hearing that we have the “highest corporate tax rates” in the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"effective tax ratecorporations paid an average of 13% in income taxes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kellyphillipserb\/2012\/08\/20\/romneys-number-is-13-9-whats-yours\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/660\/654957.pdf","start":18,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/www.vww.crfb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/OECD%20Tax%20Revenue.png","type":"img","width":764,"height":564},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.crfb.org\/blogs\/us-highest-taxed-nation-world","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this study Cato Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cato.org\/publications\/policy-analysis\/corporate-welfare-federal-budget","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cato_Institute","start":11,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/53\/Corporate_tax_rates_history.png","type":"img","width":4957,"height":1823},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Corporate_tax_rates_history.png","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"used to pay a lot more 33 percent in 1950 to just 9 percent today","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/7\/25\/5936837\/chart-us-corporations-declining-tax-burden-inversions-corporate-tax","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":23,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/statistics\/corporate-income-tax-share-gdp-1946-2015","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie have to say about all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"called out Amazoncalled out many others","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116796724662632448","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118223317465468928","start":17,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"publicly called out published a letter","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trueactivist.com\/18-ceos-called-out-by-bernie-sanders-for-taking-trillions-in-bailouts-evading-taxes-and-outsourcing-jobs","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052970203937004578076253372633058","start":20,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Top Corporate Tax Dodgers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/102512%20-%20JobDestroyers3.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2011 editorial official report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/end-tax-breaks-for-profit_b_841173.html","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press\/2015\/02\/05\/sanders-says-we-can-create-jobs-by-making-profitable-corporations-pay-their-fair-share-of-taxes","start":15,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Citigroup received $2.5 trillion of taxpayer bailout funds, stashed $43.8 billion of profits overseas, and would owe $11.7 billion if and when this money is repatriated.","Bank of America received $1.3 trillion in bailout funds but holds $17 billion of profits offshore (in 143 tax haven subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands alone). That amounts to an outstanding tax bill of $4.3 billion.","IBM has $52.3 billion in profits held offshore but gets $13.2 billion in tax breaks for a 5.8 percent effective tax rate. Again, the full corporate rate is 35 percent.","Boeing got $9.6 billion in tax breaks for a total tax refund of $401 million between 2008 and 2013, despite claiming $26.4 billion in profits over this period.","General Electric would have paid $14.8 billion more in federal income taxes than it did between 2008 and 2013 if it had paid the full 35 percent federal income tax rate — to say nothing of the $16 billion bailout it received during the financial crisis.","Verizon got $15.6 billion of tax breaks on its $42.5 billion of profits from 2008 to 2013 to net a total refund of $732 million over this period, all while cutting 62,000 jobs in the U.S."]},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Real Wall Street Reform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Break up the banks considered “too big to fail”","Reinstate Glass-Steagall","Cap credit card interest rates","Create a postal banking system","Cap ATM withdrawal fees","Audit the Federal Reserve","Institute a financial transactions tax"]},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"letter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-obama-to-close-six-egregious-corporate-tax-loopholes","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay their fair share of taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Establish a progressive estate tax","Pass the Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Act","Tax Wall Street speculation","Eliminate the income cap on Social Security payroll taxes","End special tax breaks on capital gains and dividends for the top 1%","Increase the top marginal tax rate on income above $10 million","Close tax loopholes that benefit the wealthy and large corporations"]},{"text":"End Subsidies to Big Business","type":"h2"},{"text":"fought for yearslegalized bribery","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/end-tax-breaks-for-profit_b_841173.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/250187-sanders-campaign-finance-system-amounts-to-legalized","start":17,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving billions of dollars in taxpayer money to the most profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Study study study recent study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.goodjobsfirst.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/pdf\/UncleSamsFavoriteCorporations.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ips-dc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/IPS_Fleecing_Uncle_Sam_Report_Nov2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/object.cato.org\/sites\/cato.org\/files\/pubs\/pdf\/tbb-0205-7.pdf","start":11,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.goodjobsfirst.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/pdf\/UncleSamsFavoriteCorporations.pdf","start":17,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many policies.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bill-quigley\/ten-examples-of-welfare-for-the-rich-and-corporations_b_4589188.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["State and local subsidies","Direct federal subsidies","Federal tax breaks ","Mortgage deduction ","Government bailout of Wall Street","Thousands specialized tax breaks for corporations and businesses","Companies pay fees or fines instead of being criminally prosecuted"]},{"text":"I don’t understand. Why?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Economic development incentives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Development_Incentives","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Harvard Business Review pay CEOs million-dollar salaries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/09\/profits-without-prosperity\/ar\/1","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/22\/news\/companies\/ceo-pay\/","start":24,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/up_workingpapers\/291\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on taking on these corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"particularly egregious over $21 billion in production and exploration subsidies introduced legislation Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/2014\/07\/09\/cashing-in-on-all-of-the-above-u-s-fossil-fuel-production-subsidies-under-obama\/","start":23,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":80,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":103,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":118,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"taking advantage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5388596\/billionaires-welfare-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/9\/11\/17831970\/stop-bezos-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does “Welfare for Walmart” mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthiest family in America $175 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/walmart-walton-heirs-net-worth-cities","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/15\/the-walton-family-is-worth-more-than-jeff-bezos-or-bill-gates.html","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$6.2 billion each yearWelfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.americansfortaxfairness.org\/files\/Walmart-on-Tax-Day-Americans-for-Tax-Fairness-1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":22,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video of a 2014 hearing  ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak on behalf of Walmart workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-21\/walmart-to-skip-vip-treatment-for-meeting-crasher-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#corporations-exploit-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Stop BEZOS Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Act, wcosponsored a similar bill in the House in 2005this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/stop-bezos-act-2018?id=C2E88AC5-C629-4680-8F8D-9EE74F343560&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/3917\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&r=2&s=5","start":63,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/introducing-the-stop-bad-employers-by-zeroing-out-subsidies-bezos-act\/2276207615741918\/","start":110,"end":120}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Export-Import Bank?","type":"h3"},{"text":"thorough explanation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/cards\/export-import-bank","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"above video nearly one-third of all its financing went to Boeing","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546940","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/la-oe-0728-short-koenig-ex-im-expiration-20150728-story.html","start":12,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced an amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/107th-congress\/house-amendment\/469?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22hr2871%5C%22%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie saidarticle Judith DelZoppo Pryor Kimberly ReedExport-Import Bank’s board of directors","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-against-ex-im-bank","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/5\/10\/18538207\/bernie-sanders-2020-presidential-candidates-policies-export-import-bank","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00102","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00100","start":41,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/05\/07\/opinion\/export-import-bank-trump-corporate-welfare.html","start":55,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturning Citizens United","type":"h2"},{"text":"Citizens Unitedpublic funding of elections.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/reclaimdemocracy.org\/who-are-citizens-united\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/public-financing-of-campaigns-overview.aspx","start":15,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie want comprehensive campaign finance reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"influence campaigns and electionsoutsized voice in lawmaking and policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z4kcH42oxYw","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/01\/citizens-united\/","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t the wealthiest people always had more influence on our government?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here he is in 2002","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9RGEWG-fCBo","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how will he overturn Citizens United and what does public funding of elections mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Political Reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Support Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"supporting America’s small businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Specifically, how has Bernie supported small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"mentioned above raise the minimum wage protect immigrant workers trade deals","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/#big-business","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#economic-growth","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/#visa-reform","start":39,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#Keeping-jobs-in-the-U.S.","start":65,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie voted against  Bankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 discharge debt from credit card companies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":22,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":80,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business issue pageFinancial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":26,"end":46}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Economic Inequality","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Economic Inequality","type":"h1"},{"text":"he has stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547291\/sen-bernie-sanders-middle-class-disappearing","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"super-rich","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual 0.1% Tax on Extreme Wealth to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":292,"end":313}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-disparity-of-wealth-and-opportunity-in-america","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code for Citizens, Corporations & Banks","links":[{"href":"#fixing-the-tax-code","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","links":[{"href":"#expanding-the-social-safety-net-and-increasing-access-to-opportunity","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating & Keeping Better Jobs","links":[{"href":"#creating-and-keeping-better-jobs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming the Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","links":[{"href":"#reforming-broken-criminal-justice-and-immigration-systems","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/VePpQBCbKBw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","type":"h2"},{"text":"since the Great Depression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"84 percent of the wealth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one missed paycheck away from going into poverty40% of Americans can’t afford a $400 emergency","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/01\/29\/americans-liquid-asset-poor-propserity-now-report\/?ed","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/22\/pf\/emergency-expenses-household-finances\/index.html","start":48,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this have something to do with the 99% thing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at the top huge fortunesestates 41 percent of children are low-income19 percent live below the poverty linenot make enough much, much more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.newyorker.com\/photos\/5a666a6a6731fd1ea7517e21\/master\/w_727,c_limit\/Angler-Im-Jeff-Bezos-Im-Your-Dad-Now.jpg","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/seattle.curbed.com\/maps\/washington-state-billionaire-homes-bill-gates-jeff-bezos","start":24,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":32,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":69,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/#66da358f5216","start":107,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/mar\/18\/america-ceo-worker-pay-gap-new-data-what-can-we-do","start":122,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent 23% in 1989 to nearly 32% in 2018three wealthiest people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":11,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf","start":44,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In his own words the state of wealth distribution in the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-downward-transfer-of-wealth-of-top-one-percent\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/01percent.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":585},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/peak-inequality-the-01-and-the-impoverishment-of-society\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But what about income? Is that more balanced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/ineqbubbles_040512.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":459},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working People","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code ","type":"h2"},{"text":"How would Bernie’s tax policy work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracketmoney earned above $612,350","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/2019-tax-brackets\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent for rich people. That seems too high.","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yes tax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":3,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve heard something about ‘capital gains’ and ‘dividends’… Is that related to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"similar rates to normal income lowered dramatically","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/how-taxed.cfm","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/taxfacts\/displayafact.cfm?Docid=161","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the Tax Policy Center","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/lower-rate.cfm","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising taxes on dividends and capital gains yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-tax-plan","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/07\/addressing_the_need_for_more_federal_revenue.php#_edn2","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow. So what other ways can we address inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worth $11.4 million or more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.freeadvice.com\/tax_law\/estate_tax_law\/estate_tax_kick.htm","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estate tax“billionaire tax,federal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"for many years the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":15,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shouldn’t people be able to pass on money to their children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/at-afl-cio-convention-sanders-proposes-wealth-tax","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed lowering the bar on estate taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tdp4fUowhbw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about corporate taxes and regulation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out Politifact analysis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7VN_E9WRMdE","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":11,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"locale with low corporate tax rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":21,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on corporate “tax dodging”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"legalized tax fraud","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/323187-sanders-offers-bill-aimed-at-preventing-corporate-tax-avoidance","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about tax subsidies to profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-ellison-introduce-bill-to-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving away that much taxpayer money to fossil fuel companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$135 billion  this extensive fact sheet","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_Section_by_Section.pdf","start":13,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie tried to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":40,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, and what about banks? Didn’t they contribute to our last economic meltdown in 2008?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a place to gain short term profits That’s a big part of what happened in 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":35,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"famous filibuster speech in 2010","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?297021-5\/senator-sanders-filibuster","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how does Bernie propose we deal with Wall Street?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He’s proposed a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT Robin Hood Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.robinhoodtax.org\/","start":46,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would this really work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dean-baker\/bernie-sanders-takes-it-t_b_7438808.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does expanding the social safety net entail, according to Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expansion of Social Security Public Assistance issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Social%20Security%20Statment%20-%208-24-11.pdf","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":29,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $9,000 per year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College for All Act Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":20,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Actthis editoriallink to the Medicare for All legislation14 other Senatorspay for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":34,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2019?id=0DD31317-EF09-4349-A0D4-0510991EF748&download=1&inline=file","start":48,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-financing?id=860FD1B9-3E8A-4ADD-8C1F-0DEDC8D45BC1&download=1&inline=file","start":105,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored legislation Health care issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating and Keeping Better Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Livable Wage Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/692","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the minimum wage in America today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed flat CEO pay is up nearly 1000 percent percent since 1978","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":23,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about raising the minimum wage now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie called on fellow lawmakers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/237072-republicans-blocks-sanders-minimum-wage-amendment","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wageFrom the startFight for $15may save lives and lower the suicide rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":63,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":77,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/04\/raising-the-minimum-wage-may-help-save-lives.html","start":90,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hundreds of top economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonDisneyWalmartBernie was invited","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-dollars-2018-10","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/05\/21\/sen-bernie-sanders-walmart-hourly-worker-board-of-directors\/","start":19,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So things are bad for everyone, wage-wise, but don’t women make even less? What’s Bernie doing to address the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap that exists39 extra days","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adopt Equal Pay for Equal WorkcosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":39,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":68,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":78,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":100,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":121,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":132,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":28,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":79,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And what about creating new jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":11,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":54,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":78,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America ActInfrastructure issue page Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":30,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":55,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s he doing to keep jobs in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"led the fight","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie in 1993 railing against NAFTA ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=I0XIgEK6heM","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mentions in this editorialtrade policies here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":27,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else does Bernie plan on supporting American workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2 or 3 jobs66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of men are working more than 40 hours a week","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":11,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers’ Rights issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on supporting youths?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the criminal justice system like in the U.S. today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more people behind bars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/dbDdeuzcp4zqy0KJxMKemxu2t74=\/624x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/ESZ22DCUT45J5LXNVLG3HEPRDY.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/xrrp1WADGxHO_oyW3VWJ8xTHJ5g=\/467x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/NKHWP5YP4I6TFPETSOF3BRWMDI.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about fixing our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/jun\/15\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-black-male-baby-born-today-has\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a bill to end cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/jul\/25\/bernie-sanders-cash-bail-bill-seeks-to-end-modern-day-debtors-prisons","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal JusticeRacial Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":16,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with our immigration system and how it affects economic inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie strongly supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk&feature=youtu.be&t=10m","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Federal Budget & National Debt","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/coins-521259-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/coins-521259.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on the Federal Budget & National Debt","type":"h1"},{"text":"$779 billionthree reasons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/10\/15\/us-budget-deficit-expands-to-779-billion-in-fiscal-2018-as-spending-surges.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/current-u-s-federal-budget-deficit-3305783","start":12,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Progressive Taxation","links":[{"href":"#progressive-taxation","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporations and the wealthy must pay their taxes","links":[{"href":"#tax-corporations-and-the-wealthy-fairly","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reduce the Defense Budget","links":[{"href":"#reduce-the-defense-budget","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Invest in Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"#investment-in-infrastructure","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual Tax on Extreme Wealth for the top 0.1% of Americans - starting at 1% tax for net worth's above $32 million per married couple and up to 8% on wealth over $10 billion - to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":287,"end":308}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Progressive Taxation","type":"h2"},{"text":"progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/progressive-tax-system-definition-pros-cons.html","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"eliminating the tax loopholes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/corporate-greed-must-end_b_7653442","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AhgR3X--bbY","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/tag\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/tag\/bernie-sanders\/","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"maps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/monday-map-percentage-taxpayers-agi-over-500000\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/files.taxfoundation.org\/legacy\/docs\/500K_small.png","type":"img","width":700,"height":509},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/monday-map-percentage-taxpayers-agi-over-500000\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/files.taxfoundation.org\/legacy\/docs\/200_filers_small.png","type":"img","width":620,"height":477},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/monday-map-percentage-filers-making-over-200000\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracket","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/image.cnbcfm.com\/api\/v1\/image\/105723078-single18.png?v=1549477957","type":"img","width":892,"height":502},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent tax for rich people. Is that true?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yestax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":4,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.savantcapital.com\/uploadedImages\/Savant_CMS_Website\/Blogs\/Sample_Blog\/US-Income-Tax-Marginal-Rates.png","type":"img","width":2124,"height":1152},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.savantcapital.com\/uploadedImages\/Savant_CMS_Website\/Blogs\/Sample_Blog\/US-Income-Tax-Marginal-Rates.png","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estate taxfederal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":10,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":30,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"used to the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":1,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":8,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposes lowering the bar","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Inequality page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tax Corporations and the Wealthy Fairly","type":"h2"},{"text":"33 percent in 1950 to just 9 percent today","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raise $590 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What kind of loopholes are being used now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"method of tax evasion six of the top loopholes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/what-is-corporate-inversion-4164559","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/_cache\/files\/7a8dbc99-3850-4760-be3a-2361c1ec4208\/sanders-letter-to-white-house-on-tax-loopholes.pdf","start":21,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much are offshore tax havens worth?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"these businessesto get around paying their fair share","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2017\/8\/10\/16122636\/american-action-tax-reform-ad","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/business\/taxes\/trumps-tax-cuts\/you-paid-taxes-these-corporations-didnt\/","start":16,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about ending tax breaks and subsidies for oil, coal, and gas companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.goodjobsfirst.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/pdf\/UncleSamsFavoriteCorporations.pdf","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"government subsidies particularly egregious over $21 billion in production and exploration subsidies introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-details-tax-plan-declines-secrecy-offer","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":20,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/2014\/07\/09\/cashing-in-on-all-of-the-above-u-s-fossil-fuel-production-subsidies-under-obama\/","start":43,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":100,"end":122}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"issued a reporteditorial","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Tax-Dodge-Report-3.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/corporate-greed-must-end_b_7653442","start":15,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actthis statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate ChangeEnergy Policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":14,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reduce the Defense Budget","type":"h2"},{"text":"too much moneyDefense budgetwastelack of accountabilityfraud and mismanagementoverrunsmoving companies overseasfailed its first ever audit26 Senators","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/pentagon-budget-mystery-807276\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/vetsforbernie.org\/2019\/04\/bernie-sanders-only-candidate-to-vote-against-all-3-trump-military-budgets\/","start":14,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-calls-for-review-of-pentagon-waste-outrageous-pay-for-contractor-ceos","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-opposes-bloated-pentagon-budget","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/fraudulent-defense-contractors-paid-1-trillion","start":55,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2018\/03\/15\/sen-bernie-sanders-takes-aim-at-defense-firm-excess\/","start":78,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-statement-on-carrier-and-outsourcing","start":86,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-pentagon-audit-idUSKCN1NK2MC","start":111,"end":138},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2019\/02\/01\/senators-warn-to-keep-the-audit-going-after-pentagon-fails-to-meet-briefing-deadline\/","start":138,"end":149}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2.4 million746,000 civilian Department of Defense personnel560,000 military contractors next seven largest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":11,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/691305.pdf","start":59,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pgpf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/0053_defense_comparison-full.gif","type":"img","width":640,"height":480},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"defense relatedU.S. budget in 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/tom-dispatch-america-defense-budget-bigger-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-federal-budget-breakdown-3305789","start":15,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Will reduced military spending leave America vulnerable to attack?","type":"h3"},{"text":"defense budget can and should be reduced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com.au\/we-should-cut-military-spending-gradually-2013-2","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"By how much can the military budget be safely reduced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"three times more among members of the military","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/books.sipri.org\/files\/FS\/SIPRIFS1504.pdf","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theamericanconservative.com\/articles\/16-ways-to-cut-defense-spending-7\/","start":17,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-military-and-veterans\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investment in Infrastructure","type":"h2"},{"text":"estimated 1 in 9 bridges America’s deep infrastructure problems infrastructure plan","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2013\/06\/19\/transportation-for-american-us-bridges-repair\/2434369\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":25,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":64,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How will spending $1 trillion help the economy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"added benefits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/the-impact\/economic-impact\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"studystudystudy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nam.org\/Issues\/Infrastructure\/Surface-Infrastructure\/Infrastructure-Full-Report-2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/capital-projects-and-infrastructure\/our-insights\/bridging-global-infrastructure-gaps","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has made it clearintroducedcurb corporate tax dodging","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":24,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/corporate-tax-dodging-prevention-act-2017-summary?inline=file","start":34,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many jobs will this create?","type":"h3"},{"text":"need millions of workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create 13 million good paying jobs boost our national productivity","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":34,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Financial Regulation","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/usa-wall-st-350x253.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/usa-wall-st.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Financial Regulation","type":"h1"},{"text":"Reinstate Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"#glass-steagall","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Break up the Big Banks","links":[{"href":"#break-up-the-big-banks","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tax on Wall Street Speculation","links":[{"href":"#tax-on-wall-street","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a Fair Banking for All plan to cap interest rates at 15% and institute postal banking to make banking services widely accessible and end lending discrimination.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fair-banking-for-all\/","start":22,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reinstate Glass-Steagall","type":"h2"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall Actfederal deposit insurance Financial Services Modernization Actrepeal of Glass-Steagall contributedco-sponsored bipartisan 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/glass-steagall-act-definition-purpose-and-repeal-3305850","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fdic.gov\/deposit\/deposits\/faq.html","start":18,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.banking.senate.gov\/conf\/grmleach.htm","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/blog\/banking\/glass-steagall-act-explained\/","start":80,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/881\/cosponsors","start":116,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s881\/BILLS-115s881is.pdf","start":128,"end":170}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the difference between commercial and investment banks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Commercial banksfinancial crisisgovernment securities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/c\/commercialbank.asp","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/heres-what-jp-morgan-says-could-cause-the-next-financial-crisis-2018-09-11","start":16,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/governmentsecurity.asp","start":32,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investment bankshedge fundsmergers and acquisitionscomplex financial assetsbondsderivativesFDIC","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/investment-banking.asp","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e83f9c52-6910-11e1-9931-00144feabdc0","start":16,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2018-07-12\/small-businesses-and-startups-lose-to-market-dominating-giants","start":27,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/role-of-derivatives-in-creating-mortgage-crisis-3970477","start":51,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/wall-street-and-the-finan_b_553339","start":75,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bubble-derivatives-otc-2010-5?r=US&IR=T","start":80,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fdic.gov\/deposit\/deposits\/faq.html","start":91,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Explain this to me. What is the history of Glass-Steagall?","type":"h3"},{"text":"era of giant national banksRiegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994McFadden Act of 1927only “no” vote against Riegle-Neal","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/riegle_neal_act_of_1994","start":27,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/STATUTE-108\/pdf\/STATUTE-108-Pg2338.pdf","start":39,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act","start":94,"end":114},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":114,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/riegle_neal_act_of_1994","start":137,"end":148}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/blog\/banking\/glass-steagall-act-explained\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justified the repeal“supermarket”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3u3x2WPyvVEC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=%22supermarket+banks%22+glass-steagall+2000&source=bl&ots=1qyOZxyIeK&sig=PF7Kp3Vev_JrOgRDjubGEZYKNH0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmaf0uurdAhVBnuAKHWGlDOYQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22supermarket%20banks%22%20glass-steagall%202000&f=false","start":20,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lobbyingdebt-to-equity ratios were 33 to 1","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3u3x2WPyvVEC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=%22supermarket+banks%22+glass-steagall+2000&source=bl&ots=1qyOZxyIeK&sig=PF7Kp3Vev_JrOgRDjubGEZYKNH0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmaf0uurdAhVBnuAKHWGlDOYQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22supermarket%20banks%22%20glass-steagall%202000&f=false","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2012\/06\/how-we-got-the-crash-wrong\/308984\/","start":8,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/01\/25\/business\/economy\/25view.html","start":29,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"taxpayers had to bailout the big banks Joseph Stiglitz Paul Krugman 2008 global financial crisis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/17\/the-real-cost-of-the-2008-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/warning\/interviews\/stiglitz.html#2","start":38,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/krugman.blogs.nytimes.com\/2008\/03\/29\/the-gramm-connection\/","start":54,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/aug\/07\/global-financial-crisis-key-stages","start":67,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"big banks become giant bankspowerinfluence$12.2 trillion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2010\/01\/bank-merger-history\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/the-price-of-wall-streets-power","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/5060844a-0420-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9","start":33,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":42,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jack Reed from Citicorpinfluence and power of big banks","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/1990\/11\/citicorp-faces-the-world-an-interview-with-john-reed","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/38549973","start":23,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"retroactively legalize1998 merger","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/04\/07\/news\/citicorp-and-travelers-plan-to-merge-in-record-70-billion-deal-a-new-no.html","start":22,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"asked about the deal at the time Citigroup hiredpaid $100 million over a decadeBob Rubinpushed$700 billion bank bailout","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r7fj_n83xZY","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1999\/10\/27\/business\/former-treasury-secretary-joins-leadership-triangle-at-citigroup.html","start":34,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2010\/04\/08\/regrets-expected-from-2-former-leaders-at-citi\/","start":49,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/ALLPOLITICS\/stories\/1999\/05\/12\/rubin\/","start":80,"end":89},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/tarp-bailout-program-3305895","start":89,"end":95},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/17\/the-real-cost-of-the-2008-financial-crisis","start":95,"end":120}],"type":"p"},{"text":"removing banking regulations57 percent loss of banksrural communities and lower income urban neighborhoods","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/wallstreetonparade.com\/2016\/02\/57-percent-of-our-banks-have-disappeared-you-can-thank-bill-clinton\/","start":28,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/maps.ncrc.org\/bankdeserts\/index.html","start":52,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would Glass-Steagall have stopped the crisis or the bailout? Will it prevent future crises?","type":"h3"},{"text":"prevent abuses in the banking sector","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2012\/may\/20\/wall-street-role-financial-crisis","start":1,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"bipartisan support for reintroducing the Glass-Steagall protections","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cantwell.senate.gov\/news\/record.cfm?id=324753","start":0,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what is Bernie’s position on Glass-Steagall?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporter of Glass-Steagalltaxpayer exposure to potential losses should a financial conglomerate fail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/story\/why-bernies-right-about-glass-steagall\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-backs-21st-century-glass-steagall-act","start":34,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only “Nay” vote against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislationbreak up banks Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-files-bill-to-break-up-big-banks","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":22,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/880\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22financial+transaction+tax%22%5D%7D","start":36,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.warren.senate.gov\/files\/documents\/Glass_Steagall_Act_of_2015.pdf","start":80,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wall Street reforms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Break up too-big-to-fail banks.","End the too-big-to-jail doctrine.","Reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act.","Cap credit card interest rates.","Allow every post office to offer basic and affordable banking services.","Cap ATM fees.","Audit the Federal Reserve and make it a more democratic institution so that it becomes responsive to the needs of ordinary Americans, not just the billionaires on Wall Street.","Restrict rapid-fire financial speculation with a financial transactions tax.","Reform credit rating agencies."]},{"text":"Employee Ownership Bank","type":"h4"},{"text":"U.S.Employee Ownership Bank Act of 2019similar legislation in 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/esop-act-text?id=80E71E49-C25D-485D-A078-DF4F72083F5B&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s2411is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s2411is.pdf","start":39,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"No Loan Sharking Law","type":"h4"},{"text":"No Loan Sharking Lawstates already set limits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2019\/05\/09\/bernie-sanders-ocasio-cortez-want-cap-credit-card-interest-rates-percent\/?utm_term=.b99016706183","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126542922386673664","start":20,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"68% of Republicans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/republicans-love-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-plan-cap-interest-rates-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126526816364171270","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Postal Banking","type":"h4"},{"text":"postal bankingadopted a similar systemaccess to nondiscriminatory banking services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126562485102714880","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/8\/14\/5989767\/postal-banking-questions","start":14,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.campaignforpostalbanking.org\/know-the-facts\/","start":38,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126562485102714880","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Break Up the Big Banks","type":"h2"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis at least 14.4 trillion dollars","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/troubled-asset-relief-program","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=ijioyNf3DikC&dq=It+Takes+a+Pillage:+Behind+the+Bailouts,+Bonuses,+and+Backroom+Deals+from+Washington+to+Wall+Street&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=hlZ79pKHDJ&sig=w-9iKfPUCSEqT3tSiP_9vp1nWlU&hl=en&ei=BMMqS-rWCpLwsgOcvo3FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false","start":21,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/the-real-size-of-bailout.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":937},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2009\/12\/real-size-bailout-treasury-fed\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Explain the problem to me in language I can understand.","type":"h3"},{"text":"speculate, make risky investments, and enrich themselves","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2012\/may\/20\/wall-street-role-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2010 Dodd-Frank financial reform lawrepealedreplacedEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act$250 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/PLAW-111publ203\/pdf\/PLAW-111publ203.pdf","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/dodd-frank-wall-street-reform-act-3305688","start":37,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/no-dodd-frank-was-neither-repealed-nor-gutted-heres-what-really-happened\/","start":45,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/hr10\/BILLS-115hr10rfs.pdf","start":53,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/hr10\/BILLS-115hr10rfs.pdf","start":116,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So why break them up?","type":"h3"},{"text":"powerinfluence$2 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/the-price-of-wall-streets-power","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mintpressnews.com\/banks-spent-staggering-2-billion-dollars-lobbying-2016-us-election\/225728\/","start":5,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-banks-lobbying\/banks-spent-record-amounts-on-lobbying-in-recent-election-idUSKBN16F26P","start":14,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lobbyistsinfluence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/federal-politics\/five-lobbyists-for-each-member-of-congress-on-financial-reforms\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/23\/banks-lobbyists-help-in-drafting-financial-bills\/?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=CCFD9A0618D3E4830EAB242C746358D7&gwt=pay","start":9,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$12.2 trillion in assets.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018-c7aa.jpg","type":"img","width":1600,"height":1815},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on “too big to fail”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"criticized","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/financial-reform","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced  Too Big to Fail, Too Big to Exist Actbreak upJP Morgan ChaseCitigroupGoldman SachsBank of AmericaMorgan Stanley","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-files-bill-to-break-up-big-banks","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tbtfleg?inline=file","start":11,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tbtfsummary\/?inline=file","start":49,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/nobody-should-shed-a-tear-for-jp-morgan-chase-62917\/","start":57,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/citigroup","start":72,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/goldman-sachs-job-sucks-2011?r=US&IR=T","start":81,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/bank-of-america","start":94,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/morgan-stanley","start":109,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uYrhh935h0I","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support any other regulations for the big banks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reversing tax loopholesrollbacks of banking regulations","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxjusticeblog.org\/archive\/2008\/11\/congress_should_approve_bills.php#.Vb0uNflViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-bill-that-rolls-back-bank-regulation","start":23,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tax on Wall Street Speculation","type":"h2"},{"text":"short-term profitsquickly trading stockshigh-riskquick return several leading economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/02\/high-frequency-trading-danger-risk-wall-street\/","start":18,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/anderson-law-journal\/regulating-robo-finance-an-expos%C3%A9-on-recently-ratified-sec-rule-requiring-algorithmic-trading-f27c8eb5b338","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-19214294","start":49,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":61,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT)?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Tobin Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/economics-blog\/2014\/apr\/04\/high-frequency-trading-markets-tobin-tax-financial-transactions-algorithms","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"as cited in this report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But wouldn’t this discourage investment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"target the high-frequency trading","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/robinhoodtax.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/RHT%20FAQS_2%20%282%29.pdf","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here herehere","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/a-financial-transaction-tax-would-help-ensure-wall-street-works-for-main-street\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/robinhoodtax.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Burman%20et%20al_%20NTJ%20Mar%202016%20%282%29.pdf","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefiscaltimes.com\/2015\/07\/08\/Pros-and-Cons-Bernie-Sanders-50-Billion-Tax-Idea","start":10,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cesr.org\/tax-and-human-rights-robin-hood-no-longer-just-fairytale","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie think about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Joint Committee on Taxation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/budget-options\/2018\/54823","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can I find out more about how an FTT would work in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Financial Transaction Taxes in Theory and Practice.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":1,"end":51}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Infrastructure Jobs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Infrastructure","type":"h1"},{"text":"rail systemother industrialized countries47,000structurally deficient bridges could collapseroadsAirports$2.5 trillion U.S.travel economySchoolsaffordable housing crisis","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eesi.org\/papers\/view\/fact-sheet-high-speed-rail-development-worldwide","start":11,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/04\/05\/710364158\/report-finds-more-than-47-000-structurally-deficient-bridges-in-the-u-s?t=1554558617131","start":41,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":47,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","start":77,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/roads\/","start":92,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/news\/fix-america%E2%80%99s-infrastructure-start-airports","start":97,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/answersheet","start":105,"end":137},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/schools\/","start":137,"end":144},{"href":"https:\/\/www.penncapital-star.com\/commentary\/this-map-explains-the-depth-of-americas-affordable-housing-crisis-tuesday-morning-coffee\/","start":144,"end":169}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure:rest of the world","links":[{"href":"#rebuild-americas-infrastructure","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/countries-with-the-best-infrastructure.html","start":33,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs:","links":[{"href":"#rebuilding-our-infrastructure-jobs","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","type":"h2"},{"text":"potholespoor infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailyinfographic.com\/americas-worst-roads-funding-nightmare","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.foxbusiness.com\/features\/road-rage-bumpy-highways-cost-americans","start":8,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do you mean by infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"damsairportsportswaterwayspublic parksdrinking water systemsinternet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/dams\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/aviation\/","start":4,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/ports\/","start":12,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/inland-waterways\/","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/public-parks\/","start":26,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/drinking_water\/","start":38,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/newsroom.accenture.com\/content\/1101\/files\/Accenture_5G-Municipalities-Become-Smart-Cities.pdf","start":60,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Interstate Highway System","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is our infrastructure really “crumbling”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gave the United States a cumulative grade of D+","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["42 percent of major urban highways are congested\r\n","Traffic congestion costs $160 billion annually and increases carbon emissions","Vehicle travel increased by 17 percent from 2000 to 2017, while new road mileage increased by only 5 percent","America’s bridges are old - 47,000 are structurally deficient","45 percent of America’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition","Driving on poor roads costs U.S. motorists $131 billion annually in vehicle repairs and operating costs — $616 per motorist"]},{"text":"California Washington Texas Missouri Minnesota","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":11,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":22,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie proposed to fix this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Rebuild America ActThe bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":19,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure repairs and upgrades are part of Bernie's Green New Deal.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/the-green-new-deal\/","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yikes! That’s a lot of money. How can we afford to invest $1 trillion in infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Public spendinginfrastructurefell by $9.9 billion in real terms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/system\/files\/2018-10\/54539-Supplemental_Tables.xlsx","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/54539","start":15,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/shifting-into-an-era-of-repair-us-infrastructure-spending-trends\/","start":29,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"American Civil Society of Engineers (ASCE) found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/the-impact\/economic-impact\/","start":0,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["$3.9 trillion in losses to the U.S. GDP by 2025;","$7 trillion in lost business sales by 2025; and","2.5 million lost American jobs by 2025.","American families will lose more than $3,400 in disposable income each year – about $9 each day."]},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/.a\/6a00d8341c4ebd53ef017d40661e37970c-popup","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/enterprise_resilience_man\/2013\/02\/infrastructure-the-supply-chain-and-economic-growth.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1 trillion is not enough$4.5 trillion is needed by 2025 to fixbridges","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/asce-gives-us-infrastructure-a-d-2017-3?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":25,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":63,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/state-by-state-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"It’s clear we need to invest in our infrastructure, but where’s the money coming from?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":1}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure boosts the economy now and saves money long-term.","type":"h3"},{"text":"studystudystudy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nam.org\/Issues\/Infrastructure\/Surface-Infrastructure\/Infrastructure-Full-Report-2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/capital-projects-and-infrastructure\/our-insights\/bridging-global-infrastructure-gaps","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has noted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has made it clearintroduced curb corporate tax dodging","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":24,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/corporate-tax-dodging-prevention-act-2017-summary?inline=file","start":35,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"he’s been saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does investing in infrastructure create jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"boost our national productivity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a research paper by Standard & Poor","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"University of Georgetown study closer to 27 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cew.georgetown.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/trillion-dollar-infrastructure.pdf","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":30,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"need millions of workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"will create 13 million good paying jobs.said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":40,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"[:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre infraestructura","type":"h1"},{"text":"Estados Unidos construyó el primer tren, pero ahora tiene uno de los sistemas de ferrocarriles más viejos en el mundo, deplorablemente anticuado para una sociedad del Siglo 21. Muchos de nosotros quizás recordemos las imágenes del Puente de Minneapolis colapsando en Minnesota en 2007. Bernie ve el reconstruir nuestra infraestructura como una forma de simultáneamente crear trabajos y resolver los problemas desenfrenados de infraestructura que se están acumulando en nuestro país.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":95,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":218,"end":226}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","label":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","description":"Nuestros caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas y más, no se han mantenido al paso del crecimiento de nuestro país, o a los avances tecnológicos. Tenemos que tomar acción."},{"href":"#la-reconstrucción-va-proveer-trabajos","label":"La Reconstrucción va proveer trabajos","description":"Al poner a estadounidenses a trabajar en resolver nuestros problemas de infraestructura con trabajos bien pagados va a contribuir al crecimiento económico para familias y comunidades a través del país."}]},{"text":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","anchors":[{"name":"reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie cree que nos hemos atrasado en restaurar la infraestructura del país. Cualquier estadounidense que lidia con baches, servicio lento de internet y la falta de transporte público - entre otras numerosas y regulares inconveniencias - sabe esto de primera mano.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es la infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La infraestructura son las cosas físicas básicas que hacen funcionar a nuestra civilización: caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas, ferrocarriles, aeropuertos, canales y líneas de teléfono e internet. Tener infraestructura bien mantenida aumenta la eficiencia del transporte, disminuye la amenaza que representan los desastres naturales y promueve el crecimiento económico.","type":"p"},{"text":"La parte más identificable de la infraestructura estadounidense es el Sistema Interestatal de Carreteras. Este desarrollo fue firmado en ley por el presidente Republicano Dwight. D Eisenhower in 1956. Sus beneficios han sido innegablemente positivos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":205,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Está “deteriorando” realmente nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sí. En su reporte anual sobre la infraestructura de la nación, La Sociedad Estadounidense de Ingenieros Civiles (ASCE por sus siglas en inglés) le dio la calificación acumulada a los Estados Unidos de D+. Sólo en 2010, se estimó que las deficiencias en infraestructura de superficie debido desde baches y líneas de ferrocarril anticuadas a puentes que colapsaron nos costó $130 mil millones entre propiedad dañada y tiempo perdido.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/executive-summary\/","start":144,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.asce.org\/uploadedFiles\/Issues_and_Advocacy\/Our_Initiatives\/Infrastructure\/Content_Pieces\/failure-to-act-transportation-report.pdf","start":363,"end":390}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C31IlOHNzbM","id":"C31IlOHNzbM"},{"text":"Ejemplos recientes de puentes colapsando en California, Washington, Texas, Missouri y Minnesota sólo sirven para enfatizar este creciente problema. Aquí está el video de Minnesota en 2007.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":44,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":56,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":68,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":75,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":86,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras peleaba para conseguir apoyo para su propuesta de legislación de infraestructura, Bernie expuso:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":46,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Estados Unidos una vez lideró al mundo en construir y mantener una red nacional de puentes y caminos confiables y seguros. Hoy, casi un cuarto de los 600,000 puentes en la nación han sido designados como estructuralmente deficientes o funcionalmente obsoletos. Reconstruyamos nuestra deteriorada infraestructura. Hagamos a nuestro país más seguro y más eficiente. Pongamos a millones de estadounidenses de vuelta al trabajo.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo podemos costear invertir $1 billón en Infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"¡No podemos permitirnos no hacer nada! De acuerdo a un reporte por la Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso (CBO, por sus siglas en inglés) el gasto federal en infraestructura de transporte y agua ha disminuido 19 por ciento (23 por ciento con respecto a nueva infraestructura) desde 2003 y sólo ha habido un aumento de 6 por ciento en gasto de operaciones y mantenimiento en su lugar. De acuerdo al reporte antes mencionado de la ASCE:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/49910","start":70,"end":105},{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":384,"end":433}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["24.9 por ciento de los puentes son funcionalmente obsoletos o estructuralmente deficientes, sobre los cuales mas de 200 millones de recorridos ocurren a diario.","42 por ciento de las carreteras mayores urbanas están congestionadas, costándonos $101 mil millones anualmente y aumentando las emisiones de carbonos.","32 por ciento de los caminos están en condición pobre o mediocre, que suma un costo de $324 por automovilista cada año."]},{"text":"Como Bernie ha mencionado, el costo de la guerra con Iraq - que incluye reconstruir mucha de la infraestructura que fue destruida - está llegando a los $1.7 billones de dolares. Más aún, Bernie ha introducido una serie de proyectos de ley para frenar la evasión fiscal corporativa, que sumaría más de la mitad del ingreso necesario en adición a los ahorros antes mencionados. Invertir en nuestra infraestructura impulsa nuestra economía presente y nos ahorra dinero al largo plazo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/2015\/4\/new-bill-to-curb-tax-dodging-corporations","start":244,"end":280}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La Reconstrucción va proveer Trabajos","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido que la forma más rápida de crear millones de empleos es por medio de reconstruir nuestra deteriorada infraestructura, ¡lo cual ha estado diciendo por décadas! En su introducción a la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense de 2015 él mencionó, “Hay una razón por la cual invertir en nuestra infraestructura ha tenido tradicionalmente apoyo bipartisano en el Congreso. Es una buena idea. Crea trabajos, ingresos, ganancias e ingreso fiscal. Pone una base para la operacion eficiente de nuestra economía en el futuro”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":142,"end":180},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":206,"end":250}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ayuda a la economía invertir en infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Reparar nuestra infraestructura le daría a trabajadores estadounidenses trabajos bien pagados, estimularía nuestra economía e impulsaría nuestra productividad nacional.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":126,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un documento de investigación de Standard & Poor, la inversión en infraestructura crearía 29,000 trabajos de construcción por solo $1.3 mil millones en gasto, y muchos más trabajos indirectamente. Adicionalmente, estimó unos $2 mil millones en crecimiento real del PIB por el mismo monto, haciéndolo una inversión negativa al déficit.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":16,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha sugerido un estimado conservador de 13 millones de trabajos bien pagados por la inversión a 5 años de $1 billón. Forbes en la otra mano, pone el estimado más cercano a 27 millones por una inversión similar de $1.2 billones a largo de 5 años.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":164,"end":189}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El aumento en empleo resulta en aumentos al gasto entre los estadounidenses promedio, el cual estimula el crecimiento económico en otros sectores. La eficiencia aumentada resulta en menores costos de transporte, así como ahorros monetarios de compañías y ciudadanos individuales tanto en combustible como en tiempo. Por último, pero no menos importante, aumentar la seguridad y confiabilidad de la infraestructura previene daños extendidos y reparaciones de emergencia, ahorrando los costos de emergencias médicas, daños a propiedad privada y vidas humanas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué ha propuesto Bernie en específico para mejorar nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie recientemente introdujo la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense 2015, la cual invertiría $1 billón en los siguientes 5 años rumbo a reconstruir y expandir la infraestructura de nuestro país.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":34,"end":75}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Job Creation","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-job-creation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/9517282076_86cde2dbb1_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/9517282076_86cde2dbb1_k.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Infrastructure Jobs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Infrastructure","type":"h1"},{"text":"rail systemother industrialized countries47,000structurally deficient bridges could collapseroadsAirports$2.5 trillion U.S.travel economySchoolsaffordable housing crisis","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eesi.org\/papers\/view\/fact-sheet-high-speed-rail-development-worldwide","start":11,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/04\/05\/710364158\/report-finds-more-than-47-000-structurally-deficient-bridges-in-the-u-s?t=1554558617131","start":41,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":47,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","start":77,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/roads\/","start":92,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/news\/fix-america%E2%80%99s-infrastructure-start-airports","start":97,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/answersheet","start":105,"end":137},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/schools\/","start":137,"end":144},{"href":"https:\/\/www.penncapital-star.com\/commentary\/this-map-explains-the-depth-of-americas-affordable-housing-crisis-tuesday-morning-coffee\/","start":144,"end":169}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure:rest of the world","links":[{"href":"#rebuild-americas-infrastructure","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/countries-with-the-best-infrastructure.html","start":33,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs:","links":[{"href":"#rebuilding-our-infrastructure-jobs","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","type":"h2"},{"text":"potholespoor infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailyinfographic.com\/americas-worst-roads-funding-nightmare","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.foxbusiness.com\/features\/road-rage-bumpy-highways-cost-americans","start":8,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do you mean by infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"damsairportsportswaterwayspublic parksdrinking water systemsinternet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/dams\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/aviation\/","start":4,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/ports\/","start":12,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/inland-waterways\/","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/public-parks\/","start":26,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/drinking_water\/","start":38,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/newsroom.accenture.com\/content\/1101\/files\/Accenture_5G-Municipalities-Become-Smart-Cities.pdf","start":60,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Interstate Highway System","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is our infrastructure really “crumbling”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gave the United States a cumulative grade of D+","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["42 percent of major urban highways are congested\r\n","Traffic congestion costs $160 billion annually and increases carbon emissions","Vehicle travel increased by 17 percent from 2000 to 2017, while new road mileage increased by only 5 percent","America’s bridges are old - 47,000 are structurally deficient","45 percent of America’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition","Driving on poor roads costs U.S. motorists $131 billion annually in vehicle repairs and operating costs — $616 per motorist"]},{"text":"California Washington Texas Missouri Minnesota","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":11,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":22,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie proposed to fix this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Rebuild America ActThe bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":19,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure repairs and upgrades are part of Bernie's Green New Deal.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/the-green-new-deal\/","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yikes! That’s a lot of money. How can we afford to invest $1 trillion in infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Public spendinginfrastructurefell by $9.9 billion in real terms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/system\/files\/2018-10\/54539-Supplemental_Tables.xlsx","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/54539","start":15,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/shifting-into-an-era-of-repair-us-infrastructure-spending-trends\/","start":29,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"American Civil Society of Engineers (ASCE) found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/the-impact\/economic-impact\/","start":0,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["$3.9 trillion in losses to the U.S. GDP by 2025;","$7 trillion in lost business sales by 2025; and","2.5 million lost American jobs by 2025.","American families will lose more than $3,400 in disposable income each year – about $9 each day."]},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/.a\/6a00d8341c4ebd53ef017d40661e37970c-popup","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/enterprise_resilience_man\/2013\/02\/infrastructure-the-supply-chain-and-economic-growth.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1 trillion is not enough$4.5 trillion is needed by 2025 to fixbridges","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/asce-gives-us-infrastructure-a-d-2017-3?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":25,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":63,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/state-by-state-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"It’s clear we need to invest in our infrastructure, but where’s the money coming from?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":1}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure boosts the economy now and saves money long-term.","type":"h3"},{"text":"studystudystudy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nam.org\/Issues\/Infrastructure\/Surface-Infrastructure\/Infrastructure-Full-Report-2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/capital-projects-and-infrastructure\/our-insights\/bridging-global-infrastructure-gaps","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has noted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has made it clearintroduced curb corporate tax dodging","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":24,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/corporate-tax-dodging-prevention-act-2017-summary?inline=file","start":35,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"he’s been saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does investing in infrastructure create jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"boost our national productivity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a research paper by Standard & Poor","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"University of Georgetown study closer to 27 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cew.georgetown.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/trillion-dollar-infrastructure.pdf","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":30,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"need millions of workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"will create 13 million good paying jobs.said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":40,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"[:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre infraestructura","type":"h1"},{"text":"Estados Unidos construyó el primer tren, pero ahora tiene uno de los sistemas de ferrocarriles más viejos en el mundo, deplorablemente anticuado para una sociedad del Siglo 21. Muchos de nosotros quizás recordemos las imágenes del Puente de Minneapolis colapsando en Minnesota en 2007. Bernie ve el reconstruir nuestra infraestructura como una forma de simultáneamente crear trabajos y resolver los problemas desenfrenados de infraestructura que se están acumulando en nuestro país.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":95,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":218,"end":226}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","label":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","description":"Nuestros caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas y más, no se han mantenido al paso del crecimiento de nuestro país, o a los avances tecnológicos. Tenemos que tomar acción."},{"href":"#la-reconstrucción-va-proveer-trabajos","label":"La Reconstrucción va proveer trabajos","description":"Al poner a estadounidenses a trabajar en resolver nuestros problemas de infraestructura con trabajos bien pagados va a contribuir al crecimiento económico para familias y comunidades a través del país."}]},{"text":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","anchors":[{"name":"reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie cree que nos hemos atrasado en restaurar la infraestructura del país. Cualquier estadounidense que lidia con baches, servicio lento de internet y la falta de transporte público - entre otras numerosas y regulares inconveniencias - sabe esto de primera mano.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es la infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La infraestructura son las cosas físicas básicas que hacen funcionar a nuestra civilización: caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas, ferrocarriles, aeropuertos, canales y líneas de teléfono e internet. Tener infraestructura bien mantenida aumenta la eficiencia del transporte, disminuye la amenaza que representan los desastres naturales y promueve el crecimiento económico.","type":"p"},{"text":"La parte más identificable de la infraestructura estadounidense es el Sistema Interestatal de Carreteras. Este desarrollo fue firmado en ley por el presidente Republicano Dwight. D Eisenhower in 1956. Sus beneficios han sido innegablemente positivos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":205,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Está “deteriorando” realmente nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sí. En su reporte anual sobre la infraestructura de la nación, La Sociedad Estadounidense de Ingenieros Civiles (ASCE por sus siglas en inglés) le dio la calificación acumulada a los Estados Unidos de D+. Sólo en 2010, se estimó que las deficiencias en infraestructura de superficie debido desde baches y líneas de ferrocarril anticuadas a puentes que colapsaron nos costó $130 mil millones entre propiedad dañada y tiempo perdido.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/executive-summary\/","start":144,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.asce.org\/uploadedFiles\/Issues_and_Advocacy\/Our_Initiatives\/Infrastructure\/Content_Pieces\/failure-to-act-transportation-report.pdf","start":363,"end":390}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C31IlOHNzbM","id":"C31IlOHNzbM"},{"text":"Ejemplos recientes de puentes colapsando en California, Washington, Texas, Missouri y Minnesota sólo sirven para enfatizar este creciente problema. Aquí está el video de Minnesota en 2007.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":44,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":56,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":68,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":75,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":86,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras peleaba para conseguir apoyo para su propuesta de legislación de infraestructura, Bernie expuso:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":46,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Estados Unidos una vez lideró al mundo en construir y mantener una red nacional de puentes y caminos confiables y seguros. Hoy, casi un cuarto de los 600,000 puentes en la nación han sido designados como estructuralmente deficientes o funcionalmente obsoletos. Reconstruyamos nuestra deteriorada infraestructura. Hagamos a nuestro país más seguro y más eficiente. Pongamos a millones de estadounidenses de vuelta al trabajo.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo podemos costear invertir $1 billón en Infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"¡No podemos permitirnos no hacer nada! De acuerdo a un reporte por la Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso (CBO, por sus siglas en inglés) el gasto federal en infraestructura de transporte y agua ha disminuido 19 por ciento (23 por ciento con respecto a nueva infraestructura) desde 2003 y sólo ha habido un aumento de 6 por ciento en gasto de operaciones y mantenimiento en su lugar. De acuerdo al reporte antes mencionado de la ASCE:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/49910","start":70,"end":105},{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":384,"end":433}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["24.9 por ciento de los puentes son funcionalmente obsoletos o estructuralmente deficientes, sobre los cuales mas de 200 millones de recorridos ocurren a diario.","42 por ciento de las carreteras mayores urbanas están congestionadas, costándonos $101 mil millones anualmente y aumentando las emisiones de carbonos.","32 por ciento de los caminos están en condición pobre o mediocre, que suma un costo de $324 por automovilista cada año."]},{"text":"Como Bernie ha mencionado, el costo de la guerra con Iraq - que incluye reconstruir mucha de la infraestructura que fue destruida - está llegando a los $1.7 billones de dolares. Más aún, Bernie ha introducido una serie de proyectos de ley para frenar la evasión fiscal corporativa, que sumaría más de la mitad del ingreso necesario en adición a los ahorros antes mencionados. Invertir en nuestra infraestructura impulsa nuestra economía presente y nos ahorra dinero al largo plazo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/2015\/4\/new-bill-to-curb-tax-dodging-corporations","start":244,"end":280}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La Reconstrucción va proveer Trabajos","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido que la forma más rápida de crear millones de empleos es por medio de reconstruir nuestra deteriorada infraestructura, ¡lo cual ha estado diciendo por décadas! En su introducción a la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense de 2015 él mencionó, “Hay una razón por la cual invertir en nuestra infraestructura ha tenido tradicionalmente apoyo bipartisano en el Congreso. Es una buena idea. Crea trabajos, ingresos, ganancias e ingreso fiscal. Pone una base para la operacion eficiente de nuestra economía en el futuro”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":142,"end":180},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":206,"end":250}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ayuda a la economía invertir en infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Reparar nuestra infraestructura le daría a trabajadores estadounidenses trabajos bien pagados, estimularía nuestra economía e impulsaría nuestra productividad nacional.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":126,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un documento de investigación de Standard & Poor, la inversión en infraestructura crearía 29,000 trabajos de construcción por solo $1.3 mil millones en gasto, y muchos más trabajos indirectamente. Adicionalmente, estimó unos $2 mil millones en crecimiento real del PIB por el mismo monto, haciéndolo una inversión negativa al déficit.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":16,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha sugerido un estimado conservador de 13 millones de trabajos bien pagados por la inversión a 5 años de $1 billón. Forbes en la otra mano, pone el estimado más cercano a 27 millones por una inversión similar de $1.2 billones a largo de 5 años.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":164,"end":189}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El aumento en empleo resulta en aumentos al gasto entre los estadounidenses promedio, el cual estimula el crecimiento económico en otros sectores. La eficiencia aumentada resulta en menores costos de transporte, así como ahorros monetarios de compañías y ciudadanos individuales tanto en combustible como en tiempo. Por último, pero no menos importante, aumentar la seguridad y confiabilidad de la infraestructura previene daños extendidos y reparaciones de emergencia, ahorrando los costos de emergencias médicas, daños a propiedad privada y vidas humanas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué ha propuesto Bernie en específico para mejorar nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie recientemente introdujo la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense 2015, la cual invertiría $1 billón en los siguientes 5 años rumbo a reconstruir y expandir la infraestructura de nuestro país.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":34,"end":75}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Supporting Small Businesses","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Small Business and Entrepreneurship","type":"h1"},{"text":"Supporting Small BusinessesSmall Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"#supporting-small-businesses","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship & Innovation","links":[{"href":"#entrepreneurship-and-innovation","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutralitydefending the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"many pieces of legislation to help small businesses grow","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/11\/business-and-consumers#.XN4mSS2ZNp8","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we provide low-interest loans and other support to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Why aren’t there enough loans available to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fewer new business were created","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/magazine\/201505\/leigh-buchanan\/the-vanishing-startups-in-decline.html","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis Financial Regulation issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":22,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie acted to support small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted againstBankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005more difficult for low-income people and entrepreneurs to discharge debt from credit card companies Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":20,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":77,"end":176},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":176,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about big businesses? Where does Bernie stand on big corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation pageinfluence of money in politics here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":26,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship and Innovation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Our businesses rely on high-quality, accessible education.","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The current patent system is in need of reform.","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed a solution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-magazine","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is wrong with how the patent system works?","type":"h3"},{"text":"problems negatively impact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give me an example?","type":"h3"},{"text":"article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie proposed any reforms along these lines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2005 2007 similar piece of legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/417","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":10,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders and Ro Khanna introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/20\/18104560\/bernie-sanders-ro-khanna-lower-drug-prices-bill-trump","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare: Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports net neutralityclose the digital gap, not expand it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/-sanders-statement-on-fcc-decision-to-repeal-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":30,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"net neutralitythe openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does net neutrality affect small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"subject to increased costsunfair competitive disadvantages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":27,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this Senate address ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TPPipSJ4tGY&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the happy medium with regards to visa reform in Bernie’s view?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"proposed changes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre la Pequeña Empresa y el Emprendimiento","type":"h1"},{"text":"La pequeña empresa es la fuerza impulsora de la economía de Estados Unidos. Bernie Sanders ha trabajado arduamente para impulsar legislaciones que ayuden a la pequeña empresa, fomenten el emprendimiento y promuevan la innovación. Entre éstas, él ha apoyado préstamos a pequeñas empresas, ha propuesto reformar los regímenes de propiedad intelectual y ha pugnado por darle a los emprendedores del mañana acceso a una educación competente.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#apoyando-a-la-pequeña-empresa","label":"Apoyando a la Pequeña Empresa","description":"La espina dorsal de una economía sana está compuesta por negocios pequeños ubicados en las calles de Estados Unidos, no las corporaciones gigantescas en Wall Street. Bernie quiere asegurarse que las pequeñas empresas tengan acceso a préstamos de bajo interés y a otras formas de apoyo para que puedan prosperar. Él tiene un largo historial de apoyo legislativo enfocado en el éxito de pequeñas empresas."},{"href":"#emprendimiento-e-innovación","label":"Emprendimiento e Innovación","description":"Estados Unidos ha sido, por mucho tiempo, el líder en emprendimiento e innovación, los cuales a su vez son los motores que impulsan nuestra economía. Para continuar con esta tradición de liderazgo y crecimiento, Bernie ha apoyado el incremento al acceso a educación y entrenamiento, y se ha opuesto a los regímenes de propiedad intelectual."},{"href":"#neutralidad-de-la-red","label":"Neutralidad de la Red","description":"Bernie comprende que defender la apertura y neutralidad del Internet es vital para apoyar a las pequeñas empresas."},{"href":"#reforma-de-visas","label":"Reforma de Visas","description":"Bernie respalda reformar la manera en la que traemos trabajadores a Estados Unidos con la finalidad de asegurarnos que no están siendo explotados para satisfacer las necesidades de negocios que quieren atraer y retener a los trabajadores extranjeros más talentosos, y al mismo tiempo asegurando que las visas no se están otorgando para llenar plazas que podrían ser llenadas por trabajadores estadounidenses."}]},{"text":"Apoyando a la Pequeña Empresa","anchors":[{"name":"apoyando-a-la-pequeña-empresa","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que las pequeñas empresas son esenciales para que la economía de Estados Unidos prospere. Para tener éxito, las empresas pequeñas deben tener acceso a préstamos de bajo interés y otras formas de apoyo. Con esto en mente, Bernie ha respaldado y ha ayudado a promulgar piezas legislativas dedicadas al crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué debemos proveer con préstamos de bajo interés y otros incentivos a las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las pequeñas empresas piden préstamos para mejorar y hacer crecer su negocio. Las tasas de interés bajas en estos préstamos ayudan grandemente a que las empresas puedan pagarlos de manera rápida mientras mantienen un buen flujo de efectivo, expandiendo la economía local en conjunto y creando más empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no hay suficientes préstamos disponibles para las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Cuando Glass-Steagall fue eliminado bajo el Presidente Bill Clinton, el muro de separación entre la banca comercial y la banca de inversión fue derrumbado. Los bancos locales comenzaron cada vez más a invertir riesgosamente en operaciones bursátiles y especulativas de Wall Street y se volvieron menos proclives a hacer préstamos de bajos intereses a pequeñas empresas. Esto resultó en la crisis financiera de 2008. Aprende más sobre la Ley Glass-Steagall, así como la razón por la que Bernie quiere restaurarla, en la página sobre Regulación Financiera.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":7,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":389,"end":414},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":519,"end":553}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha actuado Bernie para respaldar a las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“En medio de la muy difícil recesión en la que nos encontramos, ayudar a las pequeñas empresas a recibir crédito es imperativo.” — Bernie, Octubre 2010","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":116,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En su Plan de Seis Puntos para limitar a Wall Street, Bernie pugnó por leyes que le dieran a las pequeñas empresas préstamos de bajo intereses a la misma tarifa que la ofertada por la Reserva Federal a bancos extranjeros. Una vez que las pequeñas empresas tengan acceso a las mismas tarifas de interés como los bancos extranjeros para financiar su propio crecimiento, habrá más incentivos para que los inversionistas coloquen su dinero en pequeñas empresas locales, y no tanto incentivo para invertirlo en bancos extranjeros. El resultado sería el crecimiento de la economía doméstica en lugar de desviar inversiones a países extranjeros con poco incentivo para reinvertir ese dinero en Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":6,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, Bernie ayudó a aprobar la Ley de Empleos para la Pequeña Empresa, la cual le proporcionó préstamos de bajos intereses a pequeñas empresas y apoyó a los pequeños bancos comunitarios que expidieron dichos préstamos. La legislación también ofreció $12 mil millones a lo largo y ancho del país en reducciones de impuestos a pequeñas empresas durante la parte más grave de la crisis económica en 2010 y unos $30 mil millones adicionales en capital para empresas pequeñas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":42,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Y qué pasa con los grandes negocios? ¿Cuál es la posición de Bernie sobre grandes empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él tiene muchas posiciones, como es de imaginarse, todas encaminadas a garantizar que las grandes empresas prosperen, pero no a costa de las pequeñas empresas, el ambiente, nuestra democracia y el pueblo estadounidense. Revisa la página de Regulación Corporativa para saber más sobre sus posiciones en relación a las corporaciones y aprende más sobre la influencia del dinero en la política aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":230,"end":262},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":351,"end":395}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Emprendimiento e Innovación","anchors":[{"name":"emprendimiento-e-innovación","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Estados Unidos ha sido un líder en emprendimiento e innovación, los cuales son los motores de nuestra economía. Para continuar esta tradición de liderazgo y crecimiento, Bernie ha apoyado aumentar el acceso a la educación, reformar los regímenes de propiedad intelectual y defender la apertura y neutralidad del Internet.","type":"p"},{"text":"Nuestros negocios dependen de educación accesible y de alta calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los negocios requieren de una fuerza laboral educada para adaptarse a las futuras necesidades del mercado, y Bernie apoya varias medidas que ayudan a mejorar el acceso a la educación. Revisa el récord de Bernie en políticas propuestas para aumentar el acceso a la educación aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":274,"end":278}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El sistema actual de patentes está en necesidad de ser reformado.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las empresas dependen del sistema de patentes de Estados Unidos para proteger sus innovaciones y evitar que sean copiadas por competidores, pero este sistema está siendo abusado en varias maneras por grandes corporaciones. Bernie reconoce que en algunas industrias, la manera en que está estructurado el sistema de patentes tiene el efecto de sofocar a la innovación, y en el caso de la industria farmacéutica él ha propuesto una solución a este problema.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-%20magazine","start":430,"end":438}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué tiene de malo el sistema de patentes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Desde patentes demasiado obtusas, a compañías que no hacen más que coleccionar patentes para fines de litigación, a largas batallas legales, a términos excesivamente largos, el sistema de patentes está plagado de problemas que impactan negativamente a muchos negocios.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":213,"end":222},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":227,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Puedes darme un ejemplo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En la industria farmacéutica, gran parte del gasto de investigación hecho por compañías privadas va hacia intentar hacer medicamentos similares a aquellos ya patentados, en lugar de descubrir nuevas medicinas y tratamientos.","type":"p"},{"text":"Un artículo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) describe a estos medicamentos similares a los ya patentados, como de “probable bajo valor” al público debido a que “ellos efectivamente sabotean a la intención de la protección de patentes, sin siquiera proveer mucho beneficio en competencia de precios”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":3,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Ha propuesto Bernie alguna reforma al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha gestado propuestas de ley diseñadas para reformar las patentes de forma dual, reduciendo el precio de las medicinas e incentivando a la industria farmacéutica a enfocarse en innovación en lugar de la producción de medicamentos similares a los ya patentados.","type":"p"},{"text":"En 2005 y 2007, Bernie propuso legislación que habría permitido la manufactura inmediata de versiones genéricas de nuevos medicamentos para satisfacer a la demanda de manera asequible, y al mismo tiempo introduciendo un fondo de premio para recompensar a la innovación farmacéutica. En 2012, Bernie propuso una ley similar que se enfocaba específicamente en tratamientos de SIDA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/olpa.od.nih.gov\/legislation\/109\/pendinglegislation\/medicalinnovation.asp","start":3,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":10,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":307,"end":322}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(Para ver otras acciones que Bernie ha tomado hacia la reducción del costo de los medicamentos, visita Salud: Fabricantes de Medicamentos.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":103,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Neutralidad de la Red","anchors":[{"name":"neutralidad-de-la-red","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie apoya la neutralidad de la red, el principio en el que toda la información transmitida por Internet es tratada y enrutada de manera igual, sin tratamiento con preferencia. La neutralidad de la red es esencial a la innovación.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo afecta la neutralidad de la red a la pequeña empresa?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sin políticas de neutralidad de la red, las pequeñas empresas podrían ser sujetas a costos incrementados para proveerle contenidos a consumidores. Las pequeñas empresas también podrían sufrir desventajas competitivas injustas ante negocios más grandes que puedan costear pagar tratamiento preferencial de proveedores de servicio de Internet (ISPs, por sus siglas en inglés).","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":82,"end":104},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":192,"end":225}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En este discurso al Senado en mayo de 2014, Bernie explica por qué la neutralidad de la red es importante a las pequeñas empresas:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TPPipSJ4tGY","id":"TPPipSJ4tGY"},{"text":"Lee más sobre la posición de Bernie respecto a la neutralidad de la red y otros derechos digitales aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":99,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforma de Visas","anchors":[{"name":"reforma-de-visas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie apoya reformar la manera en la que traemos trabajadores a Estados Unidos de manera que garantice que no son explotados para satisfacer la necesidad de empresas que quieren atraer y retener a los más talentosos trabajadores extranjeros. También quiere asegurarse que las visas no se están otorgando para llenar plazas que podrían ser ocupadas por trabajadores estadounidenses.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cual es el punto de balance en cuanto a reforma de visas según Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Una manera rapida de contestar esto es describir la última reforma a visas que Bernie apoyó en el Congreso. En 2013, él votó en favor del último intento de reforma migratoria integral.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":120,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"No sólo esta ley abrió un camino a la ciudadanía para inmigrantes indocumentados, también propuso cambios al programa de visas H-1B, una de las más grandes fuentes de frustración migratoria a negocios en Estados Unidos. El programa H-1B está destinado a inmigrantes altamente capacitados que juegan papeles en compañías estadounidenses que no pueden ser llenados por trabajadores domésticos. La ley por la cual Bernie votó en 2013 hubiera aumentado el número de visas H-1B a 110,000-180,000 al año — un aumento a las 65,000 actuales — y hubiese balanceado la necesidad de atraer trabajadores altamente capacitados, mientras al mismo tiempo protegería a la fuerza de trabajo estadounidense.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":90,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La ley también proponía una nueva visa para emprendedores extranjeros, una visa W para trabajadores menos calificados, y visas adicionales y tarjetas verdes para estudiantes que tienen estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería o Matemáticas en escuelas y universidades estadounidenses. Las diferentes visas que la ley proponía habrían beneficiado a una amplia variedad de empresas, grandes y pequeñas, que requieren tanto trabajadores altamente calificados como menos calificados.","type":"p"},{"text":"Desafortunadamente, esta ley no fue promulgada. Lee más sobre la posición de Bernie respecto a la inmigración aquí.[:]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":110,"end":114}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Youth Employment","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b-350x272.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Youth Employment","type":"h1"},{"text":"4.5 million young people Unemploymenthigher than any other demographicunderemployedhave the opportunity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":25,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/unemployment-rates-higher-young-people-minorities\/","start":38,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":71,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/youth-education-employment\/","start":84,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities and Trainingdisconnected young people","links":[{"href":"#job-opportunities-and-training","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":30,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Access to Education","links":[{"href":"#access-to-education","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice-system-overhaul","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#immigration-reform","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities & Training","type":"h2"},{"text":"How bad is the job situation for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"crisis in youth unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/unemployment-rates-age.png","type":"img","width":1240,"height":1200},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stagnant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/11933.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1171},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"underemployed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/131762-16346.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1152},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to Invest in Jobs and Job Training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"twice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"leader in the Fight for 15cosponsors the 2019 Raise The Wage Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":26,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Jobs Acthad this to say Employ Young Americans Now Actone million jobs $1.5 billion for job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s1170is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s1170is.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-youth-jobs-plan-advances-in-senate","start":15,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactfactsheet?inline=file","start":61,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":77,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"$74 billionsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/insights\/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":11,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"editorial about the epidemic of youth unemploymentproactive plan $5.5 billion for substantial job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/08\/01\/sanders-introduces-bill-aimed-ending-tragic-youth-unemployment-crisis","start":50,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":64,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to create jobs and improve job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Employ Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":30,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a planguarantee a job for every Americansimilarwork guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":6,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":40,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joined offering paid internshipssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/payourinterns\/status\/1126129740216197121","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-presidential-campaigns-pay-interns_n_5cd2ce47e4b0e524a47dad45","start":8,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126177544372461569","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"why young voters love Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/02\/why-americas-youth-loves-bernie-213615","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Access to Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":1,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widespread wage stagnationall young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":26,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explain the case for tuition free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Kids can’t get to college without quality education in early childhood. What has Bernie done to improve access to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke to the importanceEducationChildren","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-testifies-on-education","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":24,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":33,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","type":"h2"},{"text":"over policing809,700 people under 18four times more likely to be arrested most common criminal offenses for young peopleThis map pie chart below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2019\/02\/26\/young-americans-are-more-likely-to-be-arrested-than-previous-generations\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ojjdp.gov\/ojstatbb\/crime\/qa05101.asp","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyfinds.org\/young-americans-more-likely-arrested-older-adults\/","start":36,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalyouthjustice.org\/resources\/top-25-crimes\/","start":74,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/juvenile-justice\/youth-incarceration\/americas-addiction-juvenile-incarceration-state-state","start":120,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/youth2018.html","start":129,"end":144}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/youthpie_2018.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Blacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":52,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":87,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"reportsBLS reportBlack men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2019\/02\/25.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cGFdIEZRH5k","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many things barriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":75,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":103,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what would Bernie do instead?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long time critic of mass incarcerationinequities in the criminal justice system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/27\/18240474\/bernie-sanders-mass-incarceration-president-campaign","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":38,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has saidbelievesdoesn’t believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":15,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":23,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does immigration reform relate to youth employment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How do we bring these undocumented kids out of the shadows?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"conditional resident statuscertain requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nafsa.org\/uploadedFiles\/NAFSA_Home\/Resource_Library_Assets\/Public_Policy\/DREAM%20ActQA510.pdf","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":28,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating a path","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Minimum Wage","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b-248x350.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on the Minimum Wage","type":"h1"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage wages have stayed relatively flat the pay of CEOs is up nearly 1000 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":36,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-compensation-surged-in-2017\/","start":70,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#the-current-state-of-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#corporations-exploit-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","links":[{"href":"#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth Requires Raising the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#economic-growth","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":23,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"important factors in the future outcomes of children","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/futureofchildren.princeton.edu\/sites\/futureofchildren\/files\/media\/foc_vol_29_no_1.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_911.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according to the Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/safety-net-savings-from-raising-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But if people making minimum wage are frugal enough, won’t they be fine?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":1,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":46,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":55,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":92,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Povertypoverty level","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":38,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s legislative record on the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Liveable Wage Act of 1993 1995 1997 1999","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546203","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/house-bill\/363","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2278","start":31,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/627","start":36,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage Restoration Act proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2812","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N-L1CXZM8Qc","start":29,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$15 per hour letter from 200 professional economists estimate that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":13,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/research-areas\/labor-markets-wages-poverty","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act30 co-sponsors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":18,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2024,","index future minimum wage increases to median wage growth, and ","end lower than minimum wages for tipped workers, youth workers, and workers with disabilities."]},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the current state of the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Welfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does “Welfare for Walmart” mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"record inequalitycorporate lobbyist group","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/09\/27\/news\/economy\/inequality-record-top-1-percent-wealth\/index.html","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/poverty-and-inequality\/sanders-khanna-bill-risks-unintended-side-effects-that-could-hurt-lower","start":17,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/introducing-the-stop-bad-employers-by-zeroing-out-subsidies-bezos-act\/2276207615741918\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but what does it have to do with Walmart specifically?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthiest family in America $175 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/walmart-walton-heirs-net-worth-cities","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/15\/the-walton-family-is-worth-more-than-jeff-bezos-or-bill-gates.html","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$6.2 billion each yearWelfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.americansfortaxfairness.org\/files\/Walmart-on-Tax-Day-Americans-for-Tax-Fairness-1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":22,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video of a 2014 hearing ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak on behalf of Walmart workersdemanded defeated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-21\/walmart-to-skip-vip-treatment-for-meeting-crasher-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1136280764138414081?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1136280764138414081&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fjun%2F05%2Fbernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":45,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/news.walmart.com\/2019\/06\/05\/walmart-announces-2019-formal-business-and-annual-shareholders-meeting-voting-results?linkId=100000006558970","start":53,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other companies has Bernie criticized?","type":"h3"},{"text":"‘Stop Bad Employers 5 by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Actco-sponsored a similar bill in the House in 2005","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/stop-bezos-act-2018?id=C2E88AC5-C629-4680-8F8D-9EE74F343560&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/3917\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&r=2&s=5","start":63,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/10\/02\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-for-all-us-employees.html","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called out Disney CEO Bob Iger","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disney agreed to raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2018\/08\/26\/walt-disney-world-workers-win-15-dollar-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"use the profits from the blockbuster Avengers film","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does this have to with the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What labor actions has Bernie supported in the fight for a living wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plantUCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW stop and shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":58,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":74,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":101,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":122,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":148,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":170,"end":191}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are other workers being underpaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":17,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","type":"h2"},{"text":"American workers are more productive op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2015\/06\/12\/bernie-sanders-the-war-middle-class\/hAJUTAjWgupBLx4zAMh7nN\/story.html?hootPostID=932abaf0e7def55e4bea95b77a4d4763","start":37,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FT_18.07.26_hourlyWage_adjusted.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":427},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Great — what are actual economists saying about this, though?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"petition by over 200 economists","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But there’s so much money being made in America. Where is it all going?","type":"h3"},{"text":"296 times what a typical worker earns","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If I work longer hours, will I make more money?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reduces your productivity makes you feel actually bedepression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp8129.pdf","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2001-00335-002","start":26,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Margot_Shields2\/publication\/230858767_Long_Working_Hours_and_Health\/links\/540b12db0cf2df04e7493a06\/Long-Working-Hours-and-Health.pdf","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2019\/feb\/25\/women-working-longer-hours-more-likely-to-be-depressed-study","start":53,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth","type":"h2"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does today’s minimum wage of $7.25 per hour compare to levels set in the past?","type":"h3"},{"text":"represents a serious decrease of purchasing power $18 per hour","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/declining-federal-minimum-wage-inequality\/","start":0,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":50,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Will increasing the minimum wage lead to fewer jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an increasing amount of evidence President Truman led precisely the same charge unemployment decrease over the next several years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.integrityflorida.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Minimum-Wage-Policy-and-the-Resulting-Effect-on-Employment-final-.pdf","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/08\/28\/minimum-wage-doubling_n_3819478.html","start":33,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/timeseries\/LNU04000000?years_option=all_years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data","start":80,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"experienced more job growth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newrepublic.com\/article\/119440\/states-raised-their-minimum-wages-had-stronger-job-growth","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Won’t increasing the minimum wage harm small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"raise the minimum wage additional locations study Center for Economic and Policy Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.seattle.gov\/civilrights\/labor-standards\/minimum-wage","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/mynorthwest.com\/11\/2769779\/Seattles-minimum-wage-supporters-report-sky-remains-aloft","start":23,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":44,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":50,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"CostCo raised the minimum wage In 2004","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2006\/12\/the-high-cost-of-low-wages\/ar\/pr","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/irle.berkeley.edu\/files\/2005\/The-Economics-of-Citywide-Minimum-Wages.pdf","start":7,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.irle.berkeley.edu\/research\/minimumwage\/sfminimumwage.pdf","start":31,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/smallbusinesswage.png","type":"img","width":539,"height":479},{"text":"What else is Bernie doing to promote more economic opportunities for working Americans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed legislation provide decent-paying jobs working people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":20,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":47,"end":61}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Money in Politics","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dollar-499481_1280-350x247.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dollar-499481_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Political & Electoral Reform","type":"h1"},{"text":"make sure every voter counts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens United","links":[{"href":"#citizens-united","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"#disclose-act","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","links":[{"href":"#public-funding-of-elections","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","links":[{"href":"#democracy-day","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","links":[{"href":"#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Re-enfranchising Felons:","links":[{"href":"#reenfranchise-felons","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two-Party System","links":[{"href":"#the-two-party-system","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a plan to Get Corporate Money Out of Politics to end the corruption of national party conventions, end corruption of presidential inaugurations, reform public elections, ban advertising during presidential primary debates, institute a lifetime lobbying ban for former members of Congress and senior staffers and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/money-out-of-politics\/","start":30,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturning Citizens United","type":"h2"},{"text":"Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commissionis a form of free speechinfluence campaigns and electionscontrol the policy debate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/09pdf\/08-205.pdf","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/08-205.ZS.html","start":47,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z4kcH42oxYw","start":71,"end":104},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/01\/citizens-united\/","start":104,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":27,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens Unitedpublic funding of elections.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/reclaimdemocracy.org\/who-are-citizens-united\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/public-financing-of-campaigns-overview.aspx","start":15,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Citizens United do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"may not donate directly to campaigns","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/citizens-united-v-federal-election-commission\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about spending limits? Won’t that stop corporations from buying elections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SpeechNow.org v. Federal Election Commission Super PACs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fec.gov\/law\/litigation\/speechnow.shtml","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pacs\/superpacs.php","start":45,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5tu32CCA_Ig","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 election cycle 400 families donated almost half$6.8 billion2018 election cycle","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2017\/03\/richest-billionaires-are-top-political-spenders\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/shadowproof.com\/2015\/10\/13\/less-than-400-families-contribute-most-of-2016-presidential-funds\/","start":19,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/election-2016s-price-tag-6-8-billion\/","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/overview\/topindivs.php","start":64,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do corporations influence campaigns and policy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policydominate our elections","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":26,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicintegrity.org\/2012\/10\/18\/11527\/citizens-united-decision-and-why-it-matters","start":82,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"resistance from large corporations resistance from the private prison industry resistance from the rich","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/22\/politics\/bernie-sanders-minimum-wage-rally\/index.html","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incarceration_in_the_United_States#Privatization","start":35,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/07\/26\/the_1_percents_twisted_games_how_theyre_distorting_reality_and_diluting_democracy\/","start":79,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Jimmy Carter stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hDsPWmioSHg-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legalized bribery","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n9XB4lxUQ40","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t the wealthiest people always had more influence on our government?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here he is in 2002","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9RGEWG-fCBo","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, wealthy individuals and corporations are able to spend unlimited amounts of money to influence the political process. This sounds like an oligarchy.","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Toon13.jpg","type":"img","width":800,"height":539},{"text":"Bernie does not take any money from Super PACs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"pledged not to take any moneyfeelthebern.org1 million volunteers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/federal-politics\/elections\/presidential-profiles-2020\/9-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/","start":30,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1113475464725716992?lang=en","start":45,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raised $5.9 million in the first 24 hours more moneynot Super PACs $228 million $27","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/20\/bernie-sanders-campaign-said-it-raised-5-9-million-in-first-24-hours.html","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/4\/16\/18305133\/2020-presidential-campaign-fundraising","start":42,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/#citizens-united","start":53,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pres16\/candidate.php?id=N00000528","start":67,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-keeps-saying-his-average-donation-is-27-but-it-really-isnt\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e0394c1e5b04","start":80,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’m glad Bernie won’t take Super PAC money but everyone else is. How do we address Citizens United?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Constitutional amendment Democracy is for People amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fKV2iJj9Quc?t=303","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/031213-CUAmendmentFactSheet1.pdf","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The DISCLOSE Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"How has he addressed this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/electionlawblog.org\/archives\/DISCLOSE_Act.pdf","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explained his support ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/disclose-act","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continuously reintroduced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/mojo\/2014\/06\/senate-disclose-act-dark-money-mitch-mcconnell","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie wants to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"announced","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-public-funding-of-elections-to-replace-corrupt-system-of-legalized-bribery_--","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we pay for public financing of elections? I don’t want my tax money to go to campaigns.","type":"h3"},{"text":"most Americans agree","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/03\/us\/politics\/poll-shows-americans-favor-overhaul-of-campaign-financing.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this viral video by Professor Lawrence Lessig","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","type":"h2"},{"text":"Voter turnout compared49.3 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/voter_turnout#voter_turnout_101","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/05\/06\/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries\/","start":13,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":22,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/thumbor\/PvBSi9R-LAoD4mNj_r3eP_ZF22o=\/0x0:1800x1800\/920x0\/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1800):format(webp):no_upscale()\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/uploads\/chorus_asset\/file\/13456008\/voter_turnout.jpg","type":"img","width":920,"height":920},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"make Election Day a national holiday","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored a bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/democracyday","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","type":"h2"},{"text":"sure every voter countsvoter suppression","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/equity\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":23,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1114214364825968640","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is gerrymandering?","type":"h3"},{"text":"difficult thing to explainvideo ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/cards\/gerrymandering-explained\/what-is-gerrymandering","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6oKBreT5omY","start":27,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"favor their party so it will win more districts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"difficult to overcome","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/politics\/articles\/2018-11-17\/midterm-elections-reveal-effects-of-gerrymandered-districts","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only real way to fix it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map is currently being challenged in court by the ACLU","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/blog_main_wide_580x384\/public\/field_image\/ohio_cd2012_2.jpg?itok=lkxqgsRi","type":"img","width":1160,"height":768},{"text":"voter suppressionNew YorkOhio midterm election4 million more votes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/rochesterbeacon.com\/2019\/01\/14\/the-cost-of-gerrymandering\/","start":18,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/a\/midterms-2018","start":31,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/midterm-elections\/2018\/11\/7\/18071560\/2018-midterm-elections-democrats-gerrymandering","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie’s stance on it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie favors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/creg1lh","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Voter Suppression?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voter suppression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Last-minute changes to polling locations and hours ","Reducing the number of polling places","Reducing early voting days","Enacting voter ID laws ","Purging voter rolls","At-large elections to dilute minority voting power","Gerrymandering"]},{"text":"What is going on with the Voting Rights Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ruling outlawedallowed eleven states voter ID laws","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/26\/us\/supreme-court-ruling.html","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/24\/politics\/voting-rights-act-democrats-file-bill\/","start":37,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facingsouth.org\/2019\/03\/states-facing-federal-preclearance-under-proposed-voting-rights-act-fix","start":53,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/fighting-voter-suppression\/fighting-voter-id-requirements","start":74,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are voter ID laws?","type":"h3"},{"text":"far too overblown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/07\/09\/7-papers-4-government-inquiries-2-news-investigations-and-1-court-ruling-proving-voter-fraud-is-mostly-a-myth\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this a racial justice concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/e1uKJbG.png","type":"img","width":638,"height":370},{"text":"What does Bernie think we should do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"deeply displeased this statement Voting Rights Advancement Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/voting-rights-act-062513","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2013\/06\/25\/bernie-sanders-blasts-supreme-court-jim-crow-era-voting.html","start":17,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1659\/cosponsors?q=%7b%22search%22%3A%5b%22voting+rights%22%5d%7d&resultIndex=9","start":32,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorVoting Rights Advancement Act of 2019 most of them in the South","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/561\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s561\/BILLS-116s561is.pdf","start":9,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/crt\/jurisdictions-previously-covered-section-5","start":46,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Felon Re-Enfranchisement ","type":"h2"},{"text":"citizens who are incarcerated or on probation or parolerestrict people with felony convictions strictest nations in the world","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/publications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/phttps:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/criminal-disenfranchisement-laws-across-united-statesublications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":55,"end":94},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jul\/13\/felon-voting-laws-disenfranchisement","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restoring voting rights to felons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonprofitvote.org\/voting-in-your-state\/special-circumstances\/voting-as-an-ex-offender\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"six million people are unable to voteover-represented in our prison system under-represented in our political system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/voting-right-shouldnt-be-taken-away","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":37,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/Disenfranchisement_History.pdf","start":74,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"because of a felony conviction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["2.5% of the voting population could not vote","7.44% of the total U.S. Black population could not vote","26.15% of the Black population in Kentucky could not vote","10.43% of all Florida voting-age residents could not vote."]},{"text":"charts of the number of felons in each state who cannot vote","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map shows the rate of felon disenfranchisement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/ZmiYA3u.png","type":"img","width":998,"height":851},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one of two states Democracy Restoration Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/fd_Felony%20Disenfranchisement%20Primer.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":18,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"felons should not be disenfranchisedvoting rights should be restoredsaidincarcerated people and people on probation and parole should have the right to votesaidbelieves that the over-incarceration of people of color is a form of voter suppression Criminal Justice the Racial Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2019\/04\/06\/bernie-sanders-says-states-should-felon-voting-rights-election-2020-iowa-caucus\/3388679002\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":68,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/bernie-sanders-wants-incarcerated-people-vote-here-s-why-he-ncna993476","start":72,"end":156},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":156,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":160,"end":246},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":246,"end":262},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":267,"end":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two Party System","type":"h2"},{"text":"rejected the two-party system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which party does Bernie belong to?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Senate’s two Independent memberslongest-serving Independent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/artandhistory\/history\/common\/briefing\/senators_thirdParties.htm","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/bernie-sanders-president-democrat-145640890.html","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If he’s an Independent why is he running for the Democratic presidential nomination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"caucuses with Democratsranking, or lead, member","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/five-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/227000-senate-democrats-set-key-committee-memberships","start":23,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s addressedsince 1852","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2015\/04\/30\/bernie_sanders_joins_2016_field_--_as_a_democrat_126448.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/people.howstuffworks.com\/10-third-party-presidential-candidates.htm#page=0","start":18,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else — besides being a longtime Independent now running for President — has Bernie done to combat the two-party system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie endorses ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/reforms\/instant-runoff-voting\/endorsers-of-ranked-choice-voting\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/archive.fairvote.org\/?page=1998","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Puerto Rico","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-puerto-rico\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5892750796_f11cab43b5_b-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5892750796_f11cab43b5_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Puerto Rico","type":"h1"},{"text":"Financial Crisis ongoing financial crisis","links":[{"href":"#financial-crisis","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/08\/04\/business\/dealbook\/faq-about-puerto-ricos-debt-troubles.html","start":16,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Debt Renegotiation Options","links":[{"href":"#debt-renegotiation","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Responding To Hurricane Maria:","links":[{"href":"#hurricane-maria","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Crisis","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the the Jones-Shafroth Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Spanish-American War Jones-Shafroth Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/hispanic\/1898\/chronpr.html","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ifes.org\/sites\/default\/files\/con00154.pdf","start":21,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"very attractive","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052970203961204577269862654681728","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can you tell me how bonds work before going any further?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Government-issued bonds","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investor.gov\/investing-basics\/investment-products\/bonds","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Municipal bonds","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investor.gov\/investing-basics\/investment-products\/municipal-bonds","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what makes the bonds that Puerto Rico issues more attractive?","type":"h3"},{"text":"amendment to the U.S. federal tax code","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/26\/936","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That seems like a solid plan. What went wrong?","type":"h3"},{"text":"phasing out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/file.wikileaks.org\/file\/crs\/RS20695.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mass exodus","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/09\/us\/economy-and-crime-spur-new-puerto-rican-exodus.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Puerto_Rico_Has_No_Easy_Path_Out_of_Debt_Crisis_-_WSJ.png","type":"img","width":476,"height":367},{"text":"fleeing Puerto Rico’s deteriorating economy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/164317\/the-scary-thing-about-puerto-ricos-population-its-leaving-the-island-for-good\/","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unpayable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/29\/business\/dealbook\/puerto-ricos-governor-says-islands-debts-are-not-payable.html","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Debt Renegotiation Options","type":"h2"},{"text":"Sounds like a dire situation – what are Puerto Rico’s options to get out of debt?","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Federal Bailout: The U.S. Treasury could, in theory, absolve all of Puerto Rico’s debt without consequences. This places the burden of debt entirely on the Treasury. However, the Treasury has already refused a bailout.","Austerity Measures: Often referred to as an austerity-and-tax reform package, this strategy would impose drastic cuts to social spending forcing Puerto Rico to spend its money repaying its creditors before it can regain its government programs. This places the burden of debt completely on Puerto Rico’s government and the money it collects from Puerto Rican citizens.","Declare Independence: Puerto Rico could declare independence from the United States. This would allow Puerto Rico to deal with its own debt without pressure from the U.S. However, by doing so, it would also cut off any support provided by the U.S. Treasury and force creditors to accept large financial losses, setting it off on a bad start as a new nation.","Declare Bankruptcy: Currently, all 50 states can declare “Chapter 9” bankruptcy. This strategy offers some legal protections to a state while it tries to get back on its feet, without imposing major cuts to pervasive government programs. This shares the burden of debt among Puerto Rico’s government and the federal government and Puerto Rico’s creditors. The problem, however, is that Puerto Rico isn’t a state and doesn’t have the right to this declaration."]},{"text":"What are austerity measures and how are they enforced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Austerity measures","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/lexicon.ft.com\/Term?term=austerity-measure","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"advocated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/hedgeclippers.org\/hedgepapers-no-17-hedge-fund-billionaires-in-puerto-rico\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense. Why should Puerto Rico’s creditors have to pay for its debt?","type":"h3"},{"text":"forcing austerity measures rampant poverty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JnCpczOr8Io","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FBX9w7Ik1Wg","start":27,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"profiting","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jakezamansky\/2013\/11\/13\/how-wall-street-has-profited-from-puerto-ricos-misery-2\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How would Puerto Rican independence help?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2015\/7\/the-cure-for-puerto-rico-is-independence.html","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"prefer statehood contentious issue with a nebulous future","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aM0CHae9lPk","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/statehood-remains-an-uneasy-question-for-puerto-ricans\/2013\/12\/01\/443c7c20-5acb-11e3-a49b-90a0e156254b_story.html","start":17,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What Has Bernie Said About Statehood For Puerto Rico?","type":"h3"},{"text":"the citizens of Puerto Rico must be the ones to decide on statehood for themselvescall for a referendum","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/us-policy\/2019\/03\/28\/us-lawmakers-unveil-bill-make-puerto-rico-st-state-trump-escalates-feud-with-island-officials\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.9420d641a7ea","start":0,"end":82},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pr51st.com\/sanders-speaks-on-puerto-rico-statehood\/","start":82,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"very critical of Trump’s opposition to Puerto Rican statehoodone of Bernie’s campaign co-chairs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/the-issue-of-statehood-for-puerto-rico-is-a-decision-that-must-be-made-by-the-pe\/10157337366197908\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/san-juan-mayor-carmen-yul-n-cruz-co-chair-bernie-n974276","start":61,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Chapter 9 bankruptcy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Chapter 9 bankruptcy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/services-forms\/bankruptcy\/bankruptcy-basics\/chapter-9-bankruptcy-basics","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fighting","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SGKuMU07haM","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is letting Puerto Rico file for bankruptcy different from letting them off scot-free? Shouldn’t they have to live with the consequences of their debt?","type":"h3"},{"text":"federal bailout numerous consequences","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/b\/bailout.asp","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/125654\/puerto-rico-is-living-an-impoverished-debt-nightmare-reminiscent-of-southern-europe-or-detroit\/","start":16,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie’s position on the Puerto Rican economic crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"official statement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-puerto-rico","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie propose to enact this type of financial rehabilitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Puerto Rico Chapter 9 Uniformity Act said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1774\/all-info","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/247085-sanders-pins-puerto-rico-debt-woes-on-wall-street","start":37,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is this like what’s happening in Greece, except in America’s backyard?","type":"h3"},{"text":"here Bernie’s opinion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/08\/03\/opinion\/paul-krugman-americas-un-greek-tragedies-in-puerto-rico-and-appalachia.html","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/247085-sanders-pins-puerto-rico-debt-woes-on-wall-street","start":5,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Greece Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-greece\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":7,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Responding To Hurricane Maria","type":"h2"},{"text":"estimated that nearly 3,000 died","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/hurricane-maria-death-toll-puerto-rico-2975-killed-by-storm-study-finds\/","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Equitable Rebuild Act endorsed this legislationstrongly supported the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-colleagues-unveil-legislation-to-rebuild-puerto-rico-and-virgin-islands","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/orgs-endorsing-pr-bill?inline=file","start":52,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/11\/28\/sanders-intros-146-billion-transformation-blueprint-puerto-rico-and-virgin-islands","start":78,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How Did The US Respond To Hurricane Maria?","type":"h3"},{"text":"FEMA gave $12 billion to Hurricane Maria recovery efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-18-472","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“10 out of 10”Government Accountability Office’s report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/2017\/10\/trump-gives-himself-a-10-out-of-10-on-puerto-rico-recovery","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-18-472","start":14,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Do you think this would be happening in Westchester County, New York?”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/03\/02\/puerto-rico-hurricane-relief-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"help Puerto Ricans who are still suffering after Hurricane Maria.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1113147403576717313","start":0,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What Else Is Bernie Doing To Help Puerto Rico?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-velzquez-unveil-legislation-to-provide-nutrition-assistance-to-puerto-rico-northern-mariana-islands-and-american-samoa","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored the United States Territorial Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecowatch.com\/puerto-rico-relief-package-warren-2636195610.html?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Small Business and Entrepreneurship","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Small Business and Entrepreneurship","type":"h1"},{"text":"Supporting Small BusinessesSmall Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"#supporting-small-businesses","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship & Innovation","links":[{"href":"#entrepreneurship-and-innovation","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutralitydefending the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"many pieces of legislation to help small businesses grow","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/11\/business-and-consumers#.XN4mSS2ZNp8","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we provide low-interest loans and other support to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Why aren’t there enough loans available to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fewer new business were created","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/magazine\/201505\/leigh-buchanan\/the-vanishing-startups-in-decline.html","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis Financial Regulation issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":22,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie acted to support small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted againstBankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005more difficult for low-income people and entrepreneurs to discharge debt from credit card companies Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":20,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":77,"end":176},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":176,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about big businesses? Where does Bernie stand on big corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation pageinfluence of money in politics here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":26,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship and Innovation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Our businesses rely on high-quality, accessible education.","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The current patent system is in need of reform.","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed a solution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-magazine","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is wrong with how the patent system works?","type":"h3"},{"text":"problems negatively impact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give me an example?","type":"h3"},{"text":"article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie proposed any reforms along these lines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2005 2007 similar piece of legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/417","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":10,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders and Ro Khanna introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/20\/18104560\/bernie-sanders-ro-khanna-lower-drug-prices-bill-trump","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare: Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports net neutralityclose the digital gap, not expand it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/-sanders-statement-on-fcc-decision-to-repeal-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":30,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"net neutralitythe openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does net neutrality affect small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"subject to increased costsunfair competitive disadvantages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":27,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this Senate address ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TPPipSJ4tGY&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the happy medium with regards to visa reform in Bernie’s view?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"proposed changes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Supporting Small Businesses","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Small Business and Entrepreneurship","type":"h1"},{"text":"Supporting Small BusinessesSmall Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"#supporting-small-businesses","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship & Innovation","links":[{"href":"#entrepreneurship-and-innovation","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutralitydefending the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"many pieces of legislation to help small businesses grow","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/11\/business-and-consumers#.XN4mSS2ZNp8","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we provide low-interest loans and other support to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Why aren’t there enough loans available to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fewer new business were created","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/magazine\/201505\/leigh-buchanan\/the-vanishing-startups-in-decline.html","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis Financial Regulation issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":22,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie acted to support small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted againstBankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005more difficult for low-income people and entrepreneurs to discharge debt from credit card companies Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":20,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":77,"end":176},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":176,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about big businesses? Where does Bernie stand on big corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation pageinfluence of money in politics here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":26,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship and Innovation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Our businesses rely on high-quality, accessible education.","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The current patent system is in need of reform.","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed a solution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-magazine","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is wrong with how the patent system works?","type":"h3"},{"text":"problems negatively impact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give me an example?","type":"h3"},{"text":"article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie proposed any reforms along these lines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2005 2007 similar piece of legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/417","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":10,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders and Ro Khanna introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/20\/18104560\/bernie-sanders-ro-khanna-lower-drug-prices-bill-trump","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare: Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports net neutralityclose the digital gap, not expand it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/-sanders-statement-on-fcc-decision-to-repeal-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":30,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"net neutralitythe openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does net neutrality affect small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"subject to increased costsunfair competitive disadvantages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":27,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this Senate address ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TPPipSJ4tGY&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the happy medium with regards to visa reform in Bernie’s view?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"proposed changes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre la Pequeña Empresa y el Emprendimiento","type":"h1"},{"text":"La pequeña empresa es la fuerza impulsora de la economía de Estados Unidos. Bernie Sanders ha trabajado arduamente para impulsar legislaciones que ayuden a la pequeña empresa, fomenten el emprendimiento y promuevan la innovación. Entre éstas, él ha apoyado préstamos a pequeñas empresas, ha propuesto reformar los regímenes de propiedad intelectual y ha pugnado por darle a los emprendedores del mañana acceso a una educación competente.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#apoyando-a-la-pequeña-empresa","label":"Apoyando a la Pequeña Empresa","description":"La espina dorsal de una economía sana está compuesta por negocios pequeños ubicados en las calles de Estados Unidos, no las corporaciones gigantescas en Wall Street. Bernie quiere asegurarse que las pequeñas empresas tengan acceso a préstamos de bajo interés y a otras formas de apoyo para que puedan prosperar. Él tiene un largo historial de apoyo legislativo enfocado en el éxito de pequeñas empresas."},{"href":"#emprendimiento-e-innovación","label":"Emprendimiento e Innovación","description":"Estados Unidos ha sido, por mucho tiempo, el líder en emprendimiento e innovación, los cuales a su vez son los motores que impulsan nuestra economía. Para continuar con esta tradición de liderazgo y crecimiento, Bernie ha apoyado el incremento al acceso a educación y entrenamiento, y se ha opuesto a los regímenes de propiedad intelectual."},{"href":"#neutralidad-de-la-red","label":"Neutralidad de la Red","description":"Bernie comprende que defender la apertura y neutralidad del Internet es vital para apoyar a las pequeñas empresas."},{"href":"#reforma-de-visas","label":"Reforma de Visas","description":"Bernie respalda reformar la manera en la que traemos trabajadores a Estados Unidos con la finalidad de asegurarnos que no están siendo explotados para satisfacer las necesidades de negocios que quieren atraer y retener a los trabajadores extranjeros más talentosos, y al mismo tiempo asegurando que las visas no se están otorgando para llenar plazas que podrían ser llenadas por trabajadores estadounidenses."}]},{"text":"Apoyando a la Pequeña Empresa","anchors":[{"name":"apoyando-a-la-pequeña-empresa","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que las pequeñas empresas son esenciales para que la economía de Estados Unidos prospere. Para tener éxito, las empresas pequeñas deben tener acceso a préstamos de bajo interés y otras formas de apoyo. Con esto en mente, Bernie ha respaldado y ha ayudado a promulgar piezas legislativas dedicadas al crecimiento de las pequeñas empresas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué debemos proveer con préstamos de bajo interés y otros incentivos a las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las pequeñas empresas piden préstamos para mejorar y hacer crecer su negocio. Las tasas de interés bajas en estos préstamos ayudan grandemente a que las empresas puedan pagarlos de manera rápida mientras mantienen un buen flujo de efectivo, expandiendo la economía local en conjunto y creando más empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no hay suficientes préstamos disponibles para las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Cuando Glass-Steagall fue eliminado bajo el Presidente Bill Clinton, el muro de separación entre la banca comercial y la banca de inversión fue derrumbado. Los bancos locales comenzaron cada vez más a invertir riesgosamente en operaciones bursátiles y especulativas de Wall Street y se volvieron menos proclives a hacer préstamos de bajos intereses a pequeñas empresas. Esto resultó en la crisis financiera de 2008. Aprende más sobre la Ley Glass-Steagall, así como la razón por la que Bernie quiere restaurarla, en la página sobre Regulación Financiera.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":7,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":389,"end":414},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":519,"end":553}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha actuado Bernie para respaldar a las pequeñas empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“En medio de la muy difícil recesión en la que nos encontramos, ayudar a las pequeñas empresas a recibir crédito es imperativo.” — Bernie, Octubre 2010","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":116,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En su Plan de Seis Puntos para limitar a Wall Street, Bernie pugnó por leyes que le dieran a las pequeñas empresas préstamos de bajo intereses a la misma tarifa que la ofertada por la Reserva Federal a bancos extranjeros. Una vez que las pequeñas empresas tengan acceso a las mismas tarifas de interés como los bancos extranjeros para financiar su propio crecimiento, habrá más incentivos para que los inversionistas coloquen su dinero en pequeñas empresas locales, y no tanto incentivo para invertirlo en bancos extranjeros. El resultado sería el crecimiento de la economía doméstica en lugar de desviar inversiones a países extranjeros con poco incentivo para reinvertir ese dinero en Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":6,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, Bernie ayudó a aprobar la Ley de Empleos para la Pequeña Empresa, la cual le proporcionó préstamos de bajos intereses a pequeñas empresas y apoyó a los pequeños bancos comunitarios que expidieron dichos préstamos. La legislación también ofreció $12 mil millones a lo largo y ancho del país en reducciones de impuestos a pequeñas empresas durante la parte más grave de la crisis económica en 2010 y unos $30 mil millones adicionales en capital para empresas pequeñas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":42,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Y qué pasa con los grandes negocios? ¿Cuál es la posición de Bernie sobre grandes empresas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él tiene muchas posiciones, como es de imaginarse, todas encaminadas a garantizar que las grandes empresas prosperen, pero no a costa de las pequeñas empresas, el ambiente, nuestra democracia y el pueblo estadounidense. Revisa la página de Regulación Corporativa para saber más sobre sus posiciones en relación a las corporaciones y aprende más sobre la influencia del dinero en la política aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":230,"end":262},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":351,"end":395}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Emprendimiento e Innovación","anchors":[{"name":"emprendimiento-e-innovación","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Estados Unidos ha sido un líder en emprendimiento e innovación, los cuales son los motores de nuestra economía. Para continuar esta tradición de liderazgo y crecimiento, Bernie ha apoyado aumentar el acceso a la educación, reformar los regímenes de propiedad intelectual y defender la apertura y neutralidad del Internet.","type":"p"},{"text":"Nuestros negocios dependen de educación accesible y de alta calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los negocios requieren de una fuerza laboral educada para adaptarse a las futuras necesidades del mercado, y Bernie apoya varias medidas que ayudan a mejorar el acceso a la educación. Revisa el récord de Bernie en políticas propuestas para aumentar el acceso a la educación aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":274,"end":278}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El sistema actual de patentes está en necesidad de ser reformado.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las empresas dependen del sistema de patentes de Estados Unidos para proteger sus innovaciones y evitar que sean copiadas por competidores, pero este sistema está siendo abusado en varias maneras por grandes corporaciones. Bernie reconoce que en algunas industrias, la manera en que está estructurado el sistema de patentes tiene el efecto de sofocar a la innovación, y en el caso de la industria farmacéutica él ha propuesto una solución a este problema.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-%20magazine","start":430,"end":438}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué tiene de malo el sistema de patentes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Desde patentes demasiado obtusas, a compañías que no hacen más que coleccionar patentes para fines de litigación, a largas batallas legales, a términos excesivamente largos, el sistema de patentes está plagado de problemas que impactan negativamente a muchos negocios.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":213,"end":222},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":227,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Puedes darme un ejemplo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En la industria farmacéutica, gran parte del gasto de investigación hecho por compañías privadas va hacia intentar hacer medicamentos similares a aquellos ya patentados, en lugar de descubrir nuevas medicinas y tratamientos.","type":"p"},{"text":"Un artículo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) describe a estos medicamentos similares a los ya patentados, como de “probable bajo valor” al público debido a que “ellos efectivamente sabotean a la intención de la protección de patentes, sin siquiera proveer mucho beneficio en competencia de precios”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":3,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Ha propuesto Bernie alguna reforma al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha gestado propuestas de ley diseñadas para reformar las patentes de forma dual, reduciendo el precio de las medicinas e incentivando a la industria farmacéutica a enfocarse en innovación en lugar de la producción de medicamentos similares a los ya patentados.","type":"p"},{"text":"En 2005 y 2007, Bernie propuso legislación que habría permitido la manufactura inmediata de versiones genéricas de nuevos medicamentos para satisfacer a la demanda de manera asequible, y al mismo tiempo introduciendo un fondo de premio para recompensar a la innovación farmacéutica. En 2012, Bernie propuso una ley similar que se enfocaba específicamente en tratamientos de SIDA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/olpa.od.nih.gov\/legislation\/109\/pendinglegislation\/medicalinnovation.asp","start":3,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":10,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":307,"end":322}],"type":"p"},{"text":"(Para ver otras acciones que Bernie ha tomado hacia la reducción del costo de los medicamentos, visita Salud: Fabricantes de Medicamentos.)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":103,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Neutralidad de la Red","anchors":[{"name":"neutralidad-de-la-red","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie apoya la neutralidad de la red, el principio en el que toda la información transmitida por Internet es tratada y enrutada de manera igual, sin tratamiento con preferencia. La neutralidad de la red es esencial a la innovación.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo afecta la neutralidad de la red a la pequeña empresa?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sin políticas de neutralidad de la red, las pequeñas empresas podrían ser sujetas a costos incrementados para proveerle contenidos a consumidores. Las pequeñas empresas también podrían sufrir desventajas competitivas injustas ante negocios más grandes que puedan costear pagar tratamiento preferencial de proveedores de servicio de Internet (ISPs, por sus siglas en inglés).","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":82,"end":104},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":192,"end":225}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En este discurso al Senado en mayo de 2014, Bernie explica por qué la neutralidad de la red es importante a las pequeñas empresas:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TPPipSJ4tGY","id":"TPPipSJ4tGY"},{"text":"Lee más sobre la posición de Bernie respecto a la neutralidad de la red y otros derechos digitales aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":99,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforma de Visas","anchors":[{"name":"reforma-de-visas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie apoya reformar la manera en la que traemos trabajadores a Estados Unidos de manera que garantice que no son explotados para satisfacer la necesidad de empresas que quieren atraer y retener a los más talentosos trabajadores extranjeros. También quiere asegurarse que las visas no se están otorgando para llenar plazas que podrían ser ocupadas por trabajadores estadounidenses.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cual es el punto de balance en cuanto a reforma de visas según Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Una manera rapida de contestar esto es describir la última reforma a visas que Bernie apoyó en el Congreso. En 2013, él votó en favor del último intento de reforma migratoria integral.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":120,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"No sólo esta ley abrió un camino a la ciudadanía para inmigrantes indocumentados, también propuso cambios al programa de visas H-1B, una de las más grandes fuentes de frustración migratoria a negocios en Estados Unidos. El programa H-1B está destinado a inmigrantes altamente capacitados que juegan papeles en compañías estadounidenses que no pueden ser llenados por trabajadores domésticos. La ley por la cual Bernie votó en 2013 hubiera aumentado el número de visas H-1B a 110,000-180,000 al año — un aumento a las 65,000 actuales — y hubiese balanceado la necesidad de atraer trabajadores altamente capacitados, mientras al mismo tiempo protegería a la fuerza de trabajo estadounidense.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":90,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La ley también proponía una nueva visa para emprendedores extranjeros, una visa W para trabajadores menos calificados, y visas adicionales y tarjetas verdes para estudiantes que tienen estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería o Matemáticas en escuelas y universidades estadounidenses. Las diferentes visas que la ley proponía habrían beneficiado a una amplia variedad de empresas, grandes y pequeñas, que requieren tanto trabajadores altamente calificados como menos calificados.","type":"p"},{"text":"Desafortunadamente, esta ley no fue promulgada. Lee más sobre la posición de Bernie respecto a la inmigración aquí.[:]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":110,"end":114}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Supporting Workers","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-supporting-workers\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5559745430_c37c2c88c4_b-350x252.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5559745430_c37c2c88c4_b.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Economic Inequality","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Economic Inequality","type":"h1"},{"text":"he has stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547291\/sen-bernie-sanders-middle-class-disappearing","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"super-rich","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual 0.1% Tax on Extreme Wealth to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":292,"end":313}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-disparity-of-wealth-and-opportunity-in-america","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code for Citizens, Corporations & Banks","links":[{"href":"#fixing-the-tax-code","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","links":[{"href":"#expanding-the-social-safety-net-and-increasing-access-to-opportunity","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating & Keeping Better Jobs","links":[{"href":"#creating-and-keeping-better-jobs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming the Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","links":[{"href":"#reforming-broken-criminal-justice-and-immigration-systems","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/VePpQBCbKBw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","type":"h2"},{"text":"since the Great Depression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"84 percent of the wealth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one missed paycheck away from going into poverty40% of Americans can’t afford a $400 emergency","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/01\/29\/americans-liquid-asset-poor-propserity-now-report\/?ed","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/22\/pf\/emergency-expenses-household-finances\/index.html","start":48,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this have something to do with the 99% thing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at the top huge fortunesestates 41 percent of children are low-income19 percent live below the poverty linenot make enough much, much more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.newyorker.com\/photos\/5a666a6a6731fd1ea7517e21\/master\/w_727,c_limit\/Angler-Im-Jeff-Bezos-Im-Your-Dad-Now.jpg","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/seattle.curbed.com\/maps\/washington-state-billionaire-homes-bill-gates-jeff-bezos","start":24,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":32,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":69,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/#66da358f5216","start":107,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/mar\/18\/america-ceo-worker-pay-gap-new-data-what-can-we-do","start":122,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent 23% in 1989 to nearly 32% in 2018three wealthiest people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":11,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf","start":44,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In his own words the state of wealth distribution in the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-downward-transfer-of-wealth-of-top-one-percent\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/01percent.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":585},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/peak-inequality-the-01-and-the-impoverishment-of-society\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But what about income? Is that more balanced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/ineqbubbles_040512.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":459},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working People","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code ","type":"h2"},{"text":"How would Bernie’s tax policy work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracketmoney earned above $612,350","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/2019-tax-brackets\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent for rich people. That seems too high.","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yes tax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":3,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve heard something about ‘capital gains’ and ‘dividends’… Is that related to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"similar rates to normal income lowered dramatically","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/how-taxed.cfm","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/taxfacts\/displayafact.cfm?Docid=161","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the Tax Policy Center","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/lower-rate.cfm","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising taxes on dividends and capital gains yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-tax-plan","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/07\/addressing_the_need_for_more_federal_revenue.php#_edn2","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow. So what other ways can we address inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worth $11.4 million or more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.freeadvice.com\/tax_law\/estate_tax_law\/estate_tax_kick.htm","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estate tax“billionaire tax,federal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"for many years the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":15,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shouldn’t people be able to pass on money to their children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/at-afl-cio-convention-sanders-proposes-wealth-tax","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed lowering the bar on estate taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tdp4fUowhbw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about corporate taxes and regulation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out Politifact analysis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7VN_E9WRMdE","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":11,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"locale with low corporate tax rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":21,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on corporate “tax dodging”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"legalized tax fraud","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/323187-sanders-offers-bill-aimed-at-preventing-corporate-tax-avoidance","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about tax subsidies to profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-ellison-introduce-bill-to-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving away that much taxpayer money to fossil fuel companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$135 billion  this extensive fact sheet","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_Section_by_Section.pdf","start":13,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie tried to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":40,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, and what about banks? Didn’t they contribute to our last economic meltdown in 2008?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a place to gain short term profits That’s a big part of what happened in 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":35,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"famous filibuster speech in 2010","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?297021-5\/senator-sanders-filibuster","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how does Bernie propose we deal with Wall Street?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He’s proposed a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT Robin Hood Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.robinhoodtax.org\/","start":46,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would this really work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dean-baker\/bernie-sanders-takes-it-t_b_7438808.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does expanding the social safety net entail, according to Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expansion of Social Security Public Assistance issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Social%20Security%20Statment%20-%208-24-11.pdf","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":29,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $9,000 per year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College for All Act Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":20,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Actthis editoriallink to the Medicare for All legislation14 other Senatorspay for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":34,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2019?id=0DD31317-EF09-4349-A0D4-0510991EF748&download=1&inline=file","start":48,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-financing?id=860FD1B9-3E8A-4ADD-8C1F-0DEDC8D45BC1&download=1&inline=file","start":105,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored legislation Health care issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating and Keeping Better Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Livable Wage Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/692","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the minimum wage in America today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed flat CEO pay is up nearly 1000 percent percent since 1978","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":23,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about raising the minimum wage now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie called on fellow lawmakers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/237072-republicans-blocks-sanders-minimum-wage-amendment","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wageFrom the startFight for $15may save lives and lower the suicide rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":63,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":77,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/04\/raising-the-minimum-wage-may-help-save-lives.html","start":90,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hundreds of top economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonDisneyWalmartBernie was invited","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-dollars-2018-10","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/05\/21\/sen-bernie-sanders-walmart-hourly-worker-board-of-directors\/","start":19,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So things are bad for everyone, wage-wise, but don’t women make even less? What’s Bernie doing to address the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap that exists39 extra days","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adopt Equal Pay for Equal WorkcosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":39,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":68,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":78,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":100,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":121,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":132,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":28,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":79,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And what about creating new jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":11,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":54,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":78,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America ActInfrastructure issue page Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":30,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":55,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s he doing to keep jobs in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"led the fight","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie in 1993 railing against NAFTA ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=I0XIgEK6heM","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mentions in this editorialtrade policies here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":27,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else does Bernie plan on supporting American workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2 or 3 jobs66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of men are working more than 40 hours a week","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":11,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers’ Rights issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on supporting youths?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the criminal justice system like in the U.S. today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more people behind bars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/dbDdeuzcp4zqy0KJxMKemxu2t74=\/624x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/ESZ22DCUT45J5LXNVLG3HEPRDY.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/xrrp1WADGxHO_oyW3VWJ8xTHJ5g=\/467x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/NKHWP5YP4I6TFPETSOF3BRWMDI.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about fixing our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/jun\/15\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-black-male-baby-born-today-has\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a bill to end cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/jul\/25\/bernie-sanders-cash-bail-bill-seeks-to-end-modern-day-debtors-prisons","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal JusticeRacial Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":16,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with our immigration system and how it affects economic inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie strongly supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk&feature=youtu.be&t=10m","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Equal Pay","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/colleagues-437019_640-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/colleagues-437019_640.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Equal Pay","type":"h1"},{"text":"persistent wage gaps gender racerace within gendersexual orientationimmigrant v. U.S. born","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":21,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":32,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":50,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":68,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gender Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"#gender-wage-gap","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Race Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"#race-wage-gap","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigrant Wage Gap:","links":[{"href":"#immigrant-wage-gap","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual Orientation Wage Gap:","links":[{"href":"#sexual-orientation-wage-gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gender Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"persistent pay gap exists39 extra dayssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":25,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":38,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is the pay gap calculated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"real median earnings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"BLS report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The wage gap is probably worse24% of women","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":30,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working-poorbelow the official poverty line","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":12,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worldwideEuropewidely underestimated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/earnwage\/gender-wage-gap.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Gender_pay_gap_statistics","start":9,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/multimedia\/maps-and-charts\/enhanced\/WCMS_650829\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but this doesn’t seem to control for other factors. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with workers’ specific situations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report GAO reportleaving the workforce temporarilyearnings 39% lower","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":17,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/publications\/still-mans-labor-market\/","start":50,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adjusting for all variables that may account for the lack of parity in wages still doesn’t fully explain away the gender wage gap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#epi-toc-9","start":0,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mapgender pay gap by state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":503},{"text":"report by the Joint Economic Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"8 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If the gap due to discrimination is just 8 percent, what’s the concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 Pew Research Center survey","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"One study estimates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than discrimination, what factors show women are paid less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"realityrun the household and be responsible for child-rearing dutieswomen who do most of this very important, uncompensated workreduced schedulesflexible work schedules2 or 3 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_19-03-22_genderpaygap_mothersmorethanfathers\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":7,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dev\/development-gender\/Unpaid_care_work.pdf","start":68,"end":128},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":128,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":168,"end":179}],"type":"p"},{"text":"flexible workreduces work opportunitiesbreaks in employmentthese choicesability to advance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/how-opportunity-gaps-are-holding-business-women-back-4580037","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":39,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":59,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/the-opportunity-gap-the-d_b_8479606","start":72,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/FT_19.03.22_GenderPayGap_Mothersmorethanfathers.png?resize=310,446","type":"img","width":310,"height":446},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unequal work means unequal paybecause of their own choicemake different job choices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/there-is-no-wage-gap-feminists-want-equal-pay-for-unequal-work\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-gender-pay-gap-is-overblown-2013-5?r=US&IR=T","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":57,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more complicatedjob","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/womens-work-and-the-gender-pay-gap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":16,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low-paying teaching, nursing, and service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/all_occupations_twitter.png","type":"img"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/newsroom\/on-equal-pay-day-comptroller-stringer-releases-first-of-its-kind-analysis-spotlighting-massive-gender-and-racial-wage-gaps-by-occupation-in-new-york-city\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justice to the issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/ruth-milkman-gender-labor-inequality-review","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to eliminate the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie findsAdopt Equal Pay for Equal Work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113116883488833536","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":12,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"co-sponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019 supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":10,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":50,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":72,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":93,"end":104},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":104,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":42,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":78,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reportpolicies that would helpfought for working familiescontinues to do so","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/ontheissues.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":57,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Women’s Rights issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Race Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"Do non-white workers really earn less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent racial wage gapBlack and Hispanic womenbiggestwage gap is worseningremained stagnant for over a decade","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":11,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/does-race-or-gender-matter-more-to-your-paycheck\/","start":26,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#_ref9","start":50,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":57,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketplace.org\/2019\/04\/18\/african-americans-wages-nearly-stagnant-over-decade\/","start":78,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"BLS reportsworking poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/faq\/who-are-working-poor-america","start":11,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 BLS numbers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["a Black man earns 75 cents ","a Black woman earns 67 cents ","a Latino man earns 71 cents","a Latina women 62 cents"]},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_overallBar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":485},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/pay-by-race-gender.jpg","type":"img","width":540,"height":303},{"text":"Is it harder to get an interview as a person of color in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an experiment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/sep03\/w9873.html","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"from José to Joe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/adriancarrasquillo\/meet-jose-zamora-the-guy-who-changed-his-name-to-joe-to-get#.sfZ4QmXqr","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent pollreported discrimination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/press-releases\/black-americans-discrimination-work-police\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/press-releases\/black-americans-discrimination-work-police\/","start":11,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else contributes to the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more Black and Latino workers have service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"paper","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningsmuch less than college graduates from wealthier backgroundsBLS reports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2015\/median-weekly-earnings-by-education-gender-race-and-ethnicity-in-2014.htm","start":106,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"chart shows","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/01\/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_educationBar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":489},{"text":"Also contributingBlack workers with a criminal recordBlacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":17,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":53,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":105,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":140,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":"Criminal Justice issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, this is all very concerning.","type":"h3"},{"text":"getting worsepoll","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2019\/04\/09\/race-in-america-2019\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/blackeconomicalliance.org\/press-release\/new-poll-majority-of-african-american-voters-believe-economic-conditions-are-poor-for-their-communities\/","start":13,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"getting a job that they are qualified for.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/opinion\/gallup\/246137\/fewer-equal-opportunity-blacks-jobs-housing.aspx","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/content.gallup.com\/origin\/gallupinc\/GallupSpaces\/Production\/Cms\/TGBCMS\/94vjcjsn5kek59aqs7tgea.png","type":"img","width":720,"height":409},{"text":"poll","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/01\/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress\/ft_16-06-30_wagegaps_viewsworkplace\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_viewsWorkplace.png","type":"img","width":420,"height":333},{"text":"rank","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/15\/the-economy-is-a-top-issue-for-latinos-and-theyre-more-upbeat-about-it\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/FT_16.07.14_LatinosEconomy_bar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":639},{"text":"How has Bernie worked to get rid of the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":9,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":35,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fight for $15says on his 2020 campaign website","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":13,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jobs for All2020 campaign website","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":12,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"More education means improved economic opportunity and access to better paying jobs burdenedcrushing student deb","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/what-student-debt-does-to-people-its-not-pretty-2018-11-14","start":83,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2018-11-02\/student-loan-debt-hobbles-next-generation-of-u-s-workers","start":92,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make public college and universities tuition-free20152017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":49,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":53,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed “war on drugs” better spent on job training and educationhelp Blacks and Latinos","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1YHplMrEIsA","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1131193164797292551","start":21,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":64,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigrant Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"27.0 million foreign-born persons in the U.S. labor forcereported","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":57,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/percent-foreign-born-workers-employed-per-occupational-group.jpeg","type":"img","width":1160,"height":1040},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"persistenttakes longer to close","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/press-center\/press-releases\/study-finds-widening-wage-gap-between-immigrant-and-us-born-workers","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/press-center\/press-releases\/study-finds-widening-wage-gap-between-immigrant-and-us-born-workers","start":10,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economists found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/285a\/39f9373a075fa5b6f4f7af35c99a6d46c0e3.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the immigrant wage gap is probably worse24% of women and 12% of men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":40,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual Orientation Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"LGBTQ workers earn less than straight people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Average reported income","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corporate.prudential.com\/media\/managed\/PrudentialLGBT2016-2017.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Lesbian: $45,606","Gay: $56,936","Bisexual woman: $35,980","Bisexual man: $85,084","Heterosexual woman: $51,461","Heterosexual man: $83,469"]},{"text":"supported the LGBTQ community throughout his career","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for Employment Non-Discrimination Acttransgender","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-passes-employment-non-discrimination-act","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s815\/BILLS-113s815rfh.pdf","start":9,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/employment-non-discrimination-act-2013_n_3402688","start":43,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"co-sponsor Equality Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":10,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working PeopleCriminal Justice Latino RightsLGBTQ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":15,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":31,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/","start":45,"end":50}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Minimum Wage","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b-248x350.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on the Minimum Wage","type":"h1"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage wages have stayed relatively flat the pay of CEOs is up nearly 1000 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":36,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-compensation-surged-in-2017\/","start":70,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#the-current-state-of-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#corporations-exploit-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","links":[{"href":"#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth Requires Raising the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#economic-growth","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":23,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"important factors in the future outcomes of children","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/futureofchildren.princeton.edu\/sites\/futureofchildren\/files\/media\/foc_vol_29_no_1.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_911.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according to the Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/safety-net-savings-from-raising-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But if people making minimum wage are frugal enough, won’t they be fine?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":1,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":46,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":55,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":92,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Povertypoverty level","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":38,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s legislative record on the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Liveable Wage Act of 1993 1995 1997 1999","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546203","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/house-bill\/363","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2278","start":31,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/627","start":36,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage Restoration Act proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2812","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N-L1CXZM8Qc","start":29,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$15 per hour letter from 200 professional economists estimate that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":13,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/research-areas\/labor-markets-wages-poverty","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act30 co-sponsors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":18,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2024,","index future minimum wage increases to median wage growth, and ","end lower than minimum wages for tipped workers, youth workers, and workers with disabilities."]},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the current state of the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Welfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does “Welfare for Walmart” mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"record inequalitycorporate lobbyist group","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/09\/27\/news\/economy\/inequality-record-top-1-percent-wealth\/index.html","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/poverty-and-inequality\/sanders-khanna-bill-risks-unintended-side-effects-that-could-hurt-lower","start":17,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/introducing-the-stop-bad-employers-by-zeroing-out-subsidies-bezos-act\/2276207615741918\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but what does it have to do with Walmart specifically?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthiest family in America $175 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/walmart-walton-heirs-net-worth-cities","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/15\/the-walton-family-is-worth-more-than-jeff-bezos-or-bill-gates.html","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$6.2 billion each yearWelfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.americansfortaxfairness.org\/files\/Walmart-on-Tax-Day-Americans-for-Tax-Fairness-1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":22,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video of a 2014 hearing ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak on behalf of Walmart workersdemanded defeated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-21\/walmart-to-skip-vip-treatment-for-meeting-crasher-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1136280764138414081?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1136280764138414081&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fjun%2F05%2Fbernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":45,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/news.walmart.com\/2019\/06\/05\/walmart-announces-2019-formal-business-and-annual-shareholders-meeting-voting-results?linkId=100000006558970","start":53,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other companies has Bernie criticized?","type":"h3"},{"text":"‘Stop Bad Employers 5 by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Actco-sponsored a similar bill in the House in 2005","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/stop-bezos-act-2018?id=C2E88AC5-C629-4680-8F8D-9EE74F343560&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/3917\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&r=2&s=5","start":63,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/10\/02\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-for-all-us-employees.html","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called out Disney CEO Bob Iger","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disney agreed to raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2018\/08\/26\/walt-disney-world-workers-win-15-dollar-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"use the profits from the blockbuster Avengers film","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does this have to with the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What labor actions has Bernie supported in the fight for a living wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plantUCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW stop and shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":58,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":74,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":101,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":122,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":148,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":170,"end":191}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are other workers being underpaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":17,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","type":"h2"},{"text":"American workers are more productive op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2015\/06\/12\/bernie-sanders-the-war-middle-class\/hAJUTAjWgupBLx4zAMh7nN\/story.html?hootPostID=932abaf0e7def55e4bea95b77a4d4763","start":37,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FT_18.07.26_hourlyWage_adjusted.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":427},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Great — what are actual economists saying about this, though?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"petition by over 200 economists","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But there’s so much money being made in America. Where is it all going?","type":"h3"},{"text":"296 times what a typical worker earns","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If I work longer hours, will I make more money?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reduces your productivity makes you feel actually bedepression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp8129.pdf","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2001-00335-002","start":26,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Margot_Shields2\/publication\/230858767_Long_Working_Hours_and_Health\/links\/540b12db0cf2df04e7493a06\/Long-Working-Hours-and-Health.pdf","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2019\/feb\/25\/women-working-longer-hours-more-likely-to-be-depressed-study","start":53,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth","type":"h2"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does today’s minimum wage of $7.25 per hour compare to levels set in the past?","type":"h3"},{"text":"represents a serious decrease of purchasing power $18 per hour","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/declining-federal-minimum-wage-inequality\/","start":0,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":50,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Will increasing the minimum wage lead to fewer jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an increasing amount of evidence President Truman led precisely the same charge unemployment decrease over the next several years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.integrityflorida.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Minimum-Wage-Policy-and-the-Resulting-Effect-on-Employment-final-.pdf","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/08\/28\/minimum-wage-doubling_n_3819478.html","start":33,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/timeseries\/LNU04000000?years_option=all_years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data","start":80,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"experienced more job growth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newrepublic.com\/article\/119440\/states-raised-their-minimum-wages-had-stronger-job-growth","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Won’t increasing the minimum wage harm small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"raise the minimum wage additional locations study Center for Economic and Policy Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.seattle.gov\/civilrights\/labor-standards\/minimum-wage","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/mynorthwest.com\/11\/2769779\/Seattles-minimum-wage-supporters-report-sky-remains-aloft","start":23,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":44,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":50,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"CostCo raised the minimum wage In 2004","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2006\/12\/the-high-cost-of-low-wages\/ar\/pr","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/irle.berkeley.edu\/files\/2005\/The-Economics-of-Citywide-Minimum-Wages.pdf","start":7,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.irle.berkeley.edu\/research\/minimumwage\/sfminimumwage.pdf","start":31,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/smallbusinesswage.png","type":"img","width":539,"height":479},{"text":"What else is Bernie doing to promote more economic opportunities for working Americans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed legislation provide decent-paying jobs working people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":20,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":47,"end":61}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Workers’ Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights-350x106.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Youth Employment","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b-350x272.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Youth Employment","type":"h1"},{"text":"4.5 million young people Unemploymenthigher than any other demographicunderemployedhave the opportunity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":25,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/unemployment-rates-higher-young-people-minorities\/","start":38,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":71,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/youth-education-employment\/","start":84,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities and Trainingdisconnected young people","links":[{"href":"#job-opportunities-and-training","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":30,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Access to Education","links":[{"href":"#access-to-education","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice-system-overhaul","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#immigration-reform","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities & Training","type":"h2"},{"text":"How bad is the job situation for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"crisis in youth unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/unemployment-rates-age.png","type":"img","width":1240,"height":1200},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stagnant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/11933.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1171},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"underemployed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/131762-16346.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1152},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to Invest in Jobs and Job Training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"twice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"leader in the Fight for 15cosponsors the 2019 Raise The Wage Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":26,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Jobs Acthad this to say Employ Young Americans Now Actone million jobs $1.5 billion for job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s1170is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s1170is.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-youth-jobs-plan-advances-in-senate","start":15,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactfactsheet?inline=file","start":61,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":77,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"$74 billionsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/insights\/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":11,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"editorial about the epidemic of youth unemploymentproactive plan $5.5 billion for substantial job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/08\/01\/sanders-introduces-bill-aimed-ending-tragic-youth-unemployment-crisis","start":50,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":64,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to create jobs and improve job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Employ Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":30,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a planguarantee a job for every Americansimilarwork guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":6,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":40,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joined offering paid internshipssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/payourinterns\/status\/1126129740216197121","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-presidential-campaigns-pay-interns_n_5cd2ce47e4b0e524a47dad45","start":8,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126177544372461569","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"why young voters love Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/02\/why-americas-youth-loves-bernie-213615","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Access to Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":1,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widespread wage stagnationall young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":26,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explain the case for tuition free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Kids can’t get to college without quality education in early childhood. What has Bernie done to improve access to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke to the importanceEducationChildren","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-testifies-on-education","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":24,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":33,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","type":"h2"},{"text":"over policing809,700 people under 18four times more likely to be arrested most common criminal offenses for young peopleThis map pie chart below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2019\/02\/26\/young-americans-are-more-likely-to-be-arrested-than-previous-generations\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ojjdp.gov\/ojstatbb\/crime\/qa05101.asp","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyfinds.org\/young-americans-more-likely-arrested-older-adults\/","start":36,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalyouthjustice.org\/resources\/top-25-crimes\/","start":74,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/juvenile-justice\/youth-incarceration\/americas-addiction-juvenile-incarceration-state-state","start":120,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/youth2018.html","start":129,"end":144}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/youthpie_2018.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Blacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":52,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":87,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"reportsBLS reportBlack men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2019\/02\/25.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cGFdIEZRH5k","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many things barriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":75,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":103,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what would Bernie do instead?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long time critic of mass incarcerationinequities in the criminal justice system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/27\/18240474\/bernie-sanders-mass-incarceration-president-campaign","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":38,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has saidbelievesdoesn’t believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":15,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":23,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does immigration reform relate to youth employment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How do we bring these undocumented kids out of the shadows?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"conditional resident statuscertain requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nafsa.org\/uploadedFiles\/NAFSA_Home\/Resource_Library_Assets\/Public_Policy\/DREAM%20ActQA510.pdf","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":28,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating a path","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Taxes","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/#fixing-the-tax-code","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/calculator-385506_1280-350x206.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/calculator-385506_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Economic Inequality","type":"h1"},{"text":"he has stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547291\/sen-bernie-sanders-middle-class-disappearing","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"super-rich","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual 0.1% Tax on Extreme Wealth to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":292,"end":313}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-disparity-of-wealth-and-opportunity-in-america","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code for Citizens, Corporations & Banks","links":[{"href":"#fixing-the-tax-code","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","links":[{"href":"#expanding-the-social-safety-net-and-increasing-access-to-opportunity","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating & Keeping Better Jobs","links":[{"href":"#creating-and-keeping-better-jobs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming the Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","links":[{"href":"#reforming-broken-criminal-justice-and-immigration-systems","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/VePpQBCbKBw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","type":"h2"},{"text":"since the Great Depression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"84 percent of the wealth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one missed paycheck away from going into poverty40% of Americans can’t afford a $400 emergency","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/01\/29\/americans-liquid-asset-poor-propserity-now-report\/?ed","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/22\/pf\/emergency-expenses-household-finances\/index.html","start":48,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this have something to do with the 99% thing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at the top huge fortunesestates 41 percent of children are low-income19 percent live below the poverty linenot make enough much, much more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.newyorker.com\/photos\/5a666a6a6731fd1ea7517e21\/master\/w_727,c_limit\/Angler-Im-Jeff-Bezos-Im-Your-Dad-Now.jpg","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/seattle.curbed.com\/maps\/washington-state-billionaire-homes-bill-gates-jeff-bezos","start":24,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":32,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":69,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/#66da358f5216","start":107,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/mar\/18\/america-ceo-worker-pay-gap-new-data-what-can-we-do","start":122,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent 23% in 1989 to nearly 32% in 2018three wealthiest people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":11,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf","start":44,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In his own words the state of wealth distribution in the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-downward-transfer-of-wealth-of-top-one-percent\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/01percent.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":585},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/peak-inequality-the-01-and-the-impoverishment-of-society\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But what about income? Is that more balanced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/ineqbubbles_040512.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":459},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working People","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code ","type":"h2"},{"text":"How would Bernie’s tax policy work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracketmoney earned above $612,350","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/2019-tax-brackets\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent for rich people. That seems too high.","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yes tax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":3,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve heard something about ‘capital gains’ and ‘dividends’… Is that related to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"similar rates to normal income lowered dramatically","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/how-taxed.cfm","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/taxfacts\/displayafact.cfm?Docid=161","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the Tax Policy Center","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/lower-rate.cfm","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising taxes on dividends and capital gains yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-tax-plan","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/07\/addressing_the_need_for_more_federal_revenue.php#_edn2","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow. So what other ways can we address inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worth $11.4 million or more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.freeadvice.com\/tax_law\/estate_tax_law\/estate_tax_kick.htm","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estate tax“billionaire tax,federal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"for many years the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":15,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shouldn’t people be able to pass on money to their children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/at-afl-cio-convention-sanders-proposes-wealth-tax","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed lowering the bar on estate taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tdp4fUowhbw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about corporate taxes and regulation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out Politifact analysis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7VN_E9WRMdE","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":11,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"locale with low corporate tax rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":21,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on corporate “tax dodging”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"legalized tax fraud","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/323187-sanders-offers-bill-aimed-at-preventing-corporate-tax-avoidance","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about tax subsidies to profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-ellison-introduce-bill-to-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving away that much taxpayer money to fossil fuel companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$135 billion  this extensive fact sheet","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_Section_by_Section.pdf","start":13,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie tried to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":40,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, and what about banks? Didn’t they contribute to our last economic meltdown in 2008?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a place to gain short term profits That’s a big part of what happened in 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":35,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"famous filibuster speech in 2010","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?297021-5\/senator-sanders-filibuster","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how does Bernie propose we deal with Wall Street?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He’s proposed a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT Robin Hood Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.robinhoodtax.org\/","start":46,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would this really work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dean-baker\/bernie-sanders-takes-it-t_b_7438808.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does expanding the social safety net entail, according to Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expansion of Social Security Public Assistance issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Social%20Security%20Statment%20-%208-24-11.pdf","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":29,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $9,000 per year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College for All Act Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":20,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Actthis editoriallink to the Medicare for All legislation14 other Senatorspay for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":34,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2019?id=0DD31317-EF09-4349-A0D4-0510991EF748&download=1&inline=file","start":48,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-financing?id=860FD1B9-3E8A-4ADD-8C1F-0DEDC8D45BC1&download=1&inline=file","start":105,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored legislation Health care issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating and Keeping Better Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Livable Wage Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/692","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the minimum wage in America today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed flat CEO pay is up nearly 1000 percent percent since 1978","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":23,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about raising the minimum wage now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie called on fellow lawmakers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/237072-republicans-blocks-sanders-minimum-wage-amendment","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wageFrom the startFight for $15may save lives and lower the suicide rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":63,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":77,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/04\/raising-the-minimum-wage-may-help-save-lives.html","start":90,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hundreds of top economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonDisneyWalmartBernie was invited","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-dollars-2018-10","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/05\/21\/sen-bernie-sanders-walmart-hourly-worker-board-of-directors\/","start":19,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So things are bad for everyone, wage-wise, but don’t women make even less? What’s Bernie doing to address the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap that exists39 extra days","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adopt Equal Pay for Equal WorkcosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":39,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":68,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":78,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":100,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":121,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":132,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":28,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":79,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And what about creating new jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":11,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":54,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":78,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America ActInfrastructure issue page Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":30,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":55,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s he doing to keep jobs in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"led the fight","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie in 1993 railing against NAFTA ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=I0XIgEK6heM","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mentions in this editorialtrade policies here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":27,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else does Bernie plan on supporting American workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2 or 3 jobs66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of men are working more than 40 hours a week","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":11,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers’ Rights issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on supporting youths?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the criminal justice system like in the U.S. today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more people behind bars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/dbDdeuzcp4zqy0KJxMKemxu2t74=\/624x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/ESZ22DCUT45J5LXNVLG3HEPRDY.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/xrrp1WADGxHO_oyW3VWJ8xTHJ5g=\/467x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/NKHWP5YP4I6TFPETSOF3BRWMDI.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about fixing our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/jun\/15\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-black-male-baby-born-today-has\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a bill to end cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/jul\/25\/bernie-sanders-cash-bail-bill-seeks-to-end-modern-day-debtors-prisons","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal JusticeRacial Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":16,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with our immigration system and how it affects economic inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie strongly supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk&feature=youtu.be&t=10m","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Trade","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/port-675539_1920-350x197.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/port-675539_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Trade and U.S. Jobs","type":"h1"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-us","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","links":[{"href":"#NAFTA","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade with China","links":[{"href":"#trade-with-china","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership","links":[{"href":"#the-trans-pacific-partnership","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Bernie against most trade agreements?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/explain-north-american-trade-agreement-1712.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/lobby.la.psu.edu\/040_PNTR\/frameset_china.html","start":6,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":50,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"op-ed in the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is it true that these trade deals have cost American jobs? Where’s the evidence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here is a studystudies like this one","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/row\/R42965.pdf","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As he said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547588\/rep-bernie-sanders-nafta-bad-deal-american-workers","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here he is","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What effect do these trade agreements have on unions and US workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"disastrous consequences for American workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreementlegislation in 2005 to withdraw from the World Trade Organization (WTO)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hjres27\/BILLS-109hjres27rh.pdf","start":94,"end":165}],"type":"p"},{"text":"op-edmassive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":5,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":23,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":36,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":47,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":66,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":74,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":84,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":131,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":168,"end":202}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are there more Trade Agreements being negotiated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"(TPP)(TISA)(TTIP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/magazine\/2015\/winter\/tisa-newest-bad-trade-deal","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/comment\/what-is-ttip-and-six-reasons-why-the-answer-should-scare-you-9779688.html","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced the Rebuild America ActInfrastructure page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":34,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"federal jobs guarantee program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","type":"h2"},{"text":"trilateral trade agreement went into effect the following year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta","start":27,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people for NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"argue that the increase in trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2000\/08\/the-benefits-of-free-trade-a-guide-for-policymakers","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey J. Schott NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/assets\/po\/free-trade-20\/schott.pdf","start":41,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people against NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"environmental and food safety standards.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As described by","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA is a failure ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W2vCDSIotew","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"will be a disaster for our working peoplewrote in a 1993 editorial will only benefit the ruling elites","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49eJYs8aDbs","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/sanders-why-i-oppose-nafta\/Content?oid=2435080","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/embeds\/239210728\/content","start":66,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What were the results of NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.progressive.org\/news\/2011\/10\/170238\/bernie-sanders-denounces-free-trade-pacts","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reports Americans have lost over 680,000 jobs950,000 lost 5.6 million jobs between February 2000 and February 2011.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":7,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages_feb_2018_final.pdf","start":45,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibew.org\/articles\/11Daily\/1105\/110509_NAFTAReport.htm","start":52,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"chart$2 trillion trade deficit with MexicoSource","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/infogram.com\/untitled-1h7j4dnyrx0d6nr","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2018\/oct\/01\/donald-trump\/has-us-racked-2-trillion-trade-deficits-nafta-bega\/","start":5,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/infogram.com\/untitled-1h7j4dnyrx0d6nr","start":42,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/img.huffingtonpost.com\/asset\/5bb333e03c000032000c512c.jpeg?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale","type":"img","width":560,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why has NAFTA been in the news lately?","type":"h3"},{"text":"renegotiate NAFTACanada joined the pactUnited States-Mexico-Canada AgreementUnder the USMCAtariff-free tradesome provisionsmay benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/president-donald-j-trump-keeping-promise-renegotiate-nafta\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/09\/30\/politics\/trump-nafta-canada\/index.html","start":17,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement\/agreement-between","start":39,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/trumps-rebrand-of-nafta","start":76,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2018\/10\/04\/the-renegotiation-of-nafta-is-a-relief-but-it-is-not-a-success","start":91,"end":108},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement","start":108,"end":123},{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/economics\/08\/north-american-free-trade-agreement.asp","start":123,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"strongly opposed the NAFTA replacementprotections for workerssaying,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-statement-on-nafta-replacement-","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/29\/nafta-bernie-sanders-trump\/","start":38,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.agweb.com\/article\/one-more-hurdle-for-usmca-sanders-urges-trump-to-rework-agreement\/","start":61,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade Policy With China","type":"h2"},{"text":"opposed criticized$419 billion loss of over 3.4 million U.S. manufacturing jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/usnews\/politics\/item\/32206-sanders-criticizes-biden-for-downplaying-china-as-an-economic-threat-to-u-s","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-china-trade-deficit-causes-effects-and-solutions-3306277","start":18,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/press\/the-growing-trade-deficit-with-china-has-led-to-a-loss-of-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-between-2001-and-2017\/","start":30,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visit the China issue page for additional information about U.S.\/China trade policy.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-china\/","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie’s track record look like with regard to Chinese trade policy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in the HouseIn 2000 voted against Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR)3.4 million jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/21825#.XO-tdo-xU2w","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2000-09-13\/html\/CREC-2000-09-13-pt1-PgS8444.htm","start":19,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2000\/roll228.xml","start":26,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/106\/plaws\/publ286\/PLAW-106publ286.pdf","start":41,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/press\/the-growing-trade-deficit-with-china-has-led-to-a-loss-of-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-between-2001-and-2017\/","start":80,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Maybe trade agreements aren’t great for Americans, but don’t they provide millions of jobs for Chinese workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"July 2015 interviewinterview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/U2LmSy_hJEA","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership","type":"h2"},{"text":"opponent of the Trans-Pacific Partnership he argues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":41,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"almost completely negotiatedwithdrew from TPPincluded in the renegotiations of NAFTA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/08\/10\/top-us-trade-expert-massive-trans-pacific-deal-will-get-done.html","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/01\/23\/politics\/trump-tpp-things-to-know\/index.html","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/trumps-renegotiation-of-nafta-is-starting-to-look-a-lot-like-the-tpp\/","start":45,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the TPP exactly?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/chinaustradelawblog.lexblogplatformthree.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/164\/2014\/06\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chinaustradelawblog.com\/2014\/06\/articles\/trade-negotiations-2\/the-pivot-to-asia-and-the-inevitable-failure-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait — I thought it was called TPA, or TAA, or something like that.","type":"h3"},{"text":"this explanation(TPP)(TISA)(TTIP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/kevin-drum\/2015\/06\/tpp-tpa-and-taa-trying-explain-unexplainable","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":17,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/magazine\/2015\/winter\/tisa-newest-bad-trade-deal","start":22,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/comment\/what-is-ttip-and-six-reasons-why-the-answer-should-scare-you-9779688.html","start":28,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Remind me – what’s so bad about lower barriers to trade?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA  PNTR with China","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#NAFTA","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#trade-with-China","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"concerned about a clauseInvestor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) judged and decided by corporate lawyersno one has actually read the agreement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/chrishamby\/senators-call-for-global-super-court-to-be-removed-from-tpp","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/2\/28\/8124057\/investor-state-dispute-settlement-elizabeth-warren","start":24,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/chrishamby\/senators-call-for-global-super-court-to-be-removed-from-tpp","start":64,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/2015\/05\/19\/let-public-read-completed-parts-trans-pacific-partnership\/","start":104,"end":142}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the U.S. Trade Representative Phillip Morris suing governments this funny and informative exposé","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/about-us\/policy-offices\/press-office\/blog\/2014\/March\/Facts-Investor-State%20Dispute-Settlement-Safeguarding-Public-Interest-Protecting-Investors","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/internationalrelations\/internationallaw\/pages\/tobaccoplainpackaging.aspx","start":29,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.techdirt.com\/articles\/20150216\/17390930032\/john-oliver-highlights-ridiculousness-corporate-sovereignty-provisions.shtml","start":62,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Really? What’s the deal with it being “secret”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The TPP has been kept almost entirely secret","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/11\/politics\/trade-deal-secrecy-tpp\/","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this lettervideo","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/big.assets.huffingtonpost.com\/sandersustrletter.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ae4iy0alHCI","start":11,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what did Bernie say about TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"join other progressives voting against fast-track authority","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/democrats-toughen-trade-stance-but-reject-formal-opposition-to-the-tpp\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.burlingtonfreepress.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2015\/06\/23\/leahy-sanders-vote-trade-pact\/29163361\/","start":23,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hiR2vcGqYxw","start":38,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"also opposed secrecy surrounding the TPPan editorial","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/11\/politics\/trade-deal-secrecy-tpp\/","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":40,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/J-fawXeTxlE","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other groups opposed the TPP? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"1,500 organizationsbusiness groupsabor groupsenvironmental groupsFaith groupsagriculture groupsDoctors without Borders","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/newswire\/2016\/05\/23\/over-1500-organizations-call-congress-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-trade-tpp-investment\/u-s-business-groups-oppose-exceptions-in-pacific-trade-pact-idUSKCN0RU1WT20150930","start":19,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/trade\/280938-labor-environmental-groups-call-on-congress-to-oppose-tpp","start":34,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/trade\/280938-labor-environmental-groups-call-on-congress-to-oppose-tpp","start":45,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/maryknollogc.org\/article\/faith-groups-oppose-tpp-trade-agreement","start":65,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.agri-pulse.com\/articles\/3475-agriculture-groups-threaten-to-oppose-tpp","start":77,"end":95},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-ilvHNQ8zrs","start":95,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about other countries? Don’t they need jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie think we should do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrotewrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":5,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ending free trade policies Bernie argues we must Job Creation pageNAFTA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":27,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-job-creation\/","start":49,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#NAFTA","start":67,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"founding memberCongressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) adopted various CPC’s position papers principles on trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/politics\/article\/Liberal-legislative-caucus-envisions-post-Bush-era-2624238.php","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/cpc-grijalva.house.gov\/","start":16,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/International\/Bernie_Sanders_Free_Trade.htm","start":54,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/cpc.grijalva.house.gov\/uploads\/Principles%20for%20Trade%20-%20FINAL%202015.05.051.pdf","start":92,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Education","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/School-education-learning-1750587-h-350x254.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/School-education-learning-1750587-h.jpg","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON EDUCATION","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-114s1373is\/pdf\/BILLS-114s1373is.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","links":[{"href":"#college-tuition","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","links":[{"href":"#early-childhood-education","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","links":[{"href":"#educators","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","links":[{"href":"#financial-aid","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","links":[{"href":"#student-loans","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"K-12 Education","links":[{"href":"#k-12-education","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","links":[{"href":"#work-study","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAMers","links":[{"href":"#dreamers","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","links":[{"href":"#increase-teacher-pay","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","type":"h2"},{"text":"S. 1373: College for All Actan editorial for the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bernie-sanders\/why-not_b_7700810.html","start":28,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a comprehensive plan, College for All and Cancel Student Debt, with the goal of making public universities, colleges and trade schools tuition free, increasing funding for HBCUs and MSIs, cancelling student debt, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/free-college-cancel-debt\/","start":42,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"All public colleges and universities should be tuition free.","type":"h3"},{"text":"over $9,000nearly $1,200","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/01\/28\/report-high-textbook-prices-have-college-students-struggling","start":11,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can providing free tuition for students help the United States as a whole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"marked negative effect","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/story\/13175721\/1\/sagging-consumer-spending-could-drag-on-gdp-1-per-quarter.html","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"very often correlated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why should education be a public good and not a private commodity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"watch this brief ATTN: video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/879356025433191\/?type=1","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":11,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rate-avergae-hourly-pay-college-vs-no-college.png","type":"img","width":757,"height":656},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People can certainly succeed without a bachelor’s degree, however education attainment has a large influence in determining life outcomes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pell Grants","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pell_Grant","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has caused these skyrocketing tuition bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"greatly increase tuition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay rates similar to CEOs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does tuition in America compare to other countries?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Watch this video to learn more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/820223108013150\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"what the College for All Act will do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Make public colleges, universities, and trade schools tuition-free.","Fully fund Historically Black Colleges and Universities.","Forgive existing student debt.","Fully paid for by imposing a Robin Hood Tax on Wall Street."]},{"text":"Bernie explains the case for tuition-free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"higher incomes and a higher GDP","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports investing heavily in early childhood education, which includes highest potentia former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":79,"end":95},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":95,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":121,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2016 reportU.S. 18th for reading literacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/PISA-2015-United-States.pdf","start":11,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/","start":15,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unicef report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"most developed countriesWealthier countries spend0.5% and 15 of GDPsuffer","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/berlin\/46299897.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/soc\/PF3_1_Public_spending_on_childcare_and_early_education.pdf","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ECD-Costing-Paper-Final-highres.pdf","start":67,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Quality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Those are just meaningless numbers, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$2.3 trillion higher by 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. So, what has Bernie done to try to improve early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"close this gapcritical stages of developmentQuality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/importance-early-childhood-development\/according-experts\/investment-early-childhood-development-lays","start":14,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":44,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":77,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education Systemenacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":60,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":94,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ok, but how are we going to pay for this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about college and university professors?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about financial aid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"remove requirements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","type":"h2"},{"text":"levels of student debt in our country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.statepress.com\/article\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-speech","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student debt in this country has reached a crisis level.","type":"h3"},{"text":"USSA statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/usatcollege.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/ussa-college-affordability-factsheet.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"neared $30,000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/11\/13\/average-student-loan-debt-hits-30-000","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes student loan interest rates need to be drastically reduced.","type":"h3"},{"text":"a speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-for-higher-ed-funding-revolution","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about new student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"almost in half from 4.32 percent to 2.32","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"eliminate all student debt","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/23\/politics\/bernie-sanders-student-loan-debt-cancellation\/index.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"borrower defense rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studentdebtrelief.us\/student-loans\/bernie-sanders-student-loans\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about people with current student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed to entirely cancel student loan debt with a tax on Wall Street speculation.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/07\/09\/bernie-sanders-cancel-student-debt\/","start":32,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overhaul the K-12 Education System","type":"h2"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education plan for public educationreinvestrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":78,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":88,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actholistic method of educationevaluating students based on their understanding of the curriculumteaching should be one of the best payingstrongly opposevouchers to pay for","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":52,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":80,"end":146},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/no-teacher-in-america-should-have-to-have-a-second-jobor-six-jobsto-make-ends-me\/1727820057272991\/","start":146,"end":187},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/16378.htm","start":187,"end":202},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c105:H.R.2746:","start":202,"end":210},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":211,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act reduce class size to 18 for children in grades 1 to 3Fix America's Schools Today Act (FAST) of 2011, which would aafford small class sizes and programs like art, music, and physical education.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HR1036.htm","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.classsizematters.org\/research-and-links\/","start":39,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S1597.htm","start":92,"end":153},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126171164697661440","start":153,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yesEvery Child Achieves ActElementary and Secondary Education Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00249","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/The_Every_Child_Achieves_Act_of_2015--summary.pdf","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/esea","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Common Core","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in early 2015 against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/anti-common-core-amendment-passes-senate-vote\/article\/2562106","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about school funding?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthy areasopposesStudent Success Actaccording to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":13,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/5","start":20,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/sites\/default\/files\/esea_jointstatement_nabe.pdf","start":39,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Charter Schools","type":"h3"},{"text":"privately managedvoted forCharter School Expansion Act of 1998considered public schools","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll519.xml","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2616","start":26,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.uncommonschools.org\/faq-what-is-charter-school","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AFTNEAshares Bernie’s concern","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aftacts.org\/about-us\/aft-and-charter-schools","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":6,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"need-based financial award","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentaid.ed.gov\/sa\/types\/work-study","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has he proposed about work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expand work-study programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored the reintroduction of the DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/952","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie criticized Obamahis immigration record","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/217697-dreamers-praise-sanders-over-clinton-after-confronting-both-in-iowa","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":23,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":24,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believespaid morecollective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/what-would-sanders-administration-do-k-12-education","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/photos\/pb.9124187907.-2207520000.1434202720.\/10153043292027908\/?type=3&theater","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":17,"end":38}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Family","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-family\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/1280px-Family_playing_a_board_game_1-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/1280px-Family_playing_a_board_game_1.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Affordable Childcare & Universal Pre-K","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#affordable-childcare-and-early-childhood-education-for-all","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16308969343_50a8450661_k-e1438904305472-350x268.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16308969343_50a8450661_k-e1438904305472.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders Sobre los Derechos Laborales","type":"h1"},{"text":"En los últimos 40 años, la economía de Estados Unidos no ha funcionado para la mayoría de los trabajadores. Mientras que la productividad laboral ha incrementado, al igual que el costo de vida, el promedio de los salarios ha caído en relación a la inflación.","type":"p"},{"text":"Miles de empleos están bajo amenaza de ser enviados al extranjero, y muchos trabajadores estadounidenses se encuentran obligados a tener dos o tres empleos para cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes. 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana, muchos sin vacaciones pagadas o derecho a permisos de ausencia por enfermedad.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":274,"end":289}]},{"text":"Bernie Sanders ha luchado durante toda su carrera para mejorar las vidas de los trabajadores. Él es un líder en la lucha para incrementar el salario mínimo a $15, y opina que si la mayoría de los trabajadores deciden formar un sindicato en su lugar de empleo, deberían tener la capacidad de hacerlo. Bernie respalda los \"verdaderos valores familiares\" lo cual significa darle a los trabajadores el tiempo y los recursos para pasar tiempo de calidad con sus seres queridos, así como cuidar de ellos y de sí mismos cuando están enfermos.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":126,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":321,"end":350}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#sindicatos-y-cooperativas","label":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","description":"Debemos fomentar y apoyar a los sindicatos laborales y cooperativas de trabajadores."},{"href":"#mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","label":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","description":"Debemos oponernos a tratados comerciales desastrosos que exportan trabajos bien pagados."},{"href":"#cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","label":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","description":"Debemos fortalecer nuestra economía invirtiendo en el cuidado infantil y la educación temprana para permitir que nuestras madres y padres estén tranquilos al saber que sus niños están a salvo mientras ellos trabajan."},{"href":"#vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","label":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","description":"No debe haber duda de que a los padres se les debe permitir pasar tiempo en casa con sus recién nacidos. Los trabajadores enfermos deberían tener la garantía de que pueden quedarse en casa cuando no se sientan bien. Por otro lado, los empleadores deben de proveer a sus empleados un tiempo razonable de vacaciones, así las personas pueden descansar y recargar energías."},{"href":"#enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","label":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","description":"Ya fue suficiente. Necesitamos revertir esta tendencia de empleados trabajando por más horas y ganando salarios que son los menores en nuestra historia."}]},{"text":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","anchors":[{"name":"sindicatos-y-cooperativas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina que para poder reconstruir la clase media, tenemos que reconstruir el movimiento sindical estadounidense y expandir la propiedad y la participación de los empleados en la industria. Bernie tiene una calificación Pro-Sindicato de 100 por ciento por parte de la Federación Estadounidense del Trabajo y Congreso de Organizaciones Industriales (AFL-CIO, por sus siglas en inglés) y fue recientemente endosado por la Unión Nacional de Enfermeras.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":83,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/house\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Jobs","start":225,"end":256},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/08\/10\/bernie-sanders-wins-backing-of-national-nurses-union\/","start":409,"end":417}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un sindicato, y qué es un conflicto colectivo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un sindicato es un grupo de trabajadores legalmente reconocido que usa el conflicto colectivo  un proceso de negociación entre un empleador y un grupo de trabajadores enfocado en llegar a acuerdos que proporcionen seguridades básicas al empleado. Este acuerdo generalmente incluye el garantizar condiciones seguras en el trabajo, asegurarse de que todos los derechos de los trabajadores estén protegidos, garantizar la habilidad de negociar por mejores salarios, y permitir a los trabajadores tener una voz en el trabajo.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no vemos tantos sindicatos hoy en día?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante las últimas décadas el declive de la clase media ha reflejado la declinación de los trabajadores sindicalizados en Estados Unidos. Las grandes corporaciones y sus contrapartes cabildeadas en Washington, D.C. han atacado ferozmente los derechos a la organización y a la negociación colectiva de los miembros de sindicatos, tanto públicos como privados. Este acto hostil hacia los sindicatos laborales beneficia a las corporaciones multimillonarias, sus directores generales y sus inversionistas, no al trabajador común.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":85,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Abajo se encuentra una gráfica del Fondo de Acción del Centro para el Progreso Estadounidense (CAPAF, por sus siglas en inglés), mostrando cómo el declive de afiliación sindical ha ocurrido a la par con el encogimiento de la clase media.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":35,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/union-membership-rates.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"¿Qué opinan de Bernie los sindicatos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha recibido un increíble apoyo por parte de diversos sindicatos alrededor del país. De hecho, a lo largo de su carrera política, las 20 contribuciones más altas dadas a Bernie han provenido de sindicatos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/politicians\/contrib.php?cycle=Career&cid=n00000528&type=I","start":140,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En junio de 2015, el AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur aprobó una resolución apoyando su candidatura presidencial. Erin McKee, presidenta del AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur dijo en una conferencia de prensa: \"Desde hace mucho tiempo nadie ha dado la cara por la gente trabajadora y las uniones laborales como Bernie Sanders lo ha hecho\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/LocalUnionResolutionUrgingSupportforBernie2016.pdf","start":49,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-wins-south-carolina-labor-backing\/","start":176,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué políticas dirigidas a los trabajadores ha apoyado Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha luchado por los sindicatos en el Congreso y Senado desde hace mucho tiempo. En su primer término en el Congreso en 1992, Bernie introdujo el proyecto de ley Democracia en el Trabajo (Workplace Democracy Act), un proyecto de ley integral diseñado para empoderar a los sindicatos para facilitar su organización la negociación con sus empleadores. Él nunca abandonó la propuesta, y aunque ésta enfrentó fuerte oposición republicana él la ha presentado cada dos años, por más de una década.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":439,"end":472}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Recientemente, Bernie votó por el proyecto de ley para Permitir la Negociación Colectiva a los Oficiales de Seguridad Pública, el cual exigió a la Autoridad Federal de Relaciones Laborales hacer valer la habilidad de los oficiales de seguridad pública para participar en la negociación colectiva. Él también votó en contra de una enmienda de 2011, que acabaría con los derechos de negociación colectiva para los empleados de la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":34,"end":125},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":330,"end":346}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído a Bernie mencionar cooperativas de empleados, ¿que es eso?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las cooperativas laborales son negocios cuyos propietarios son los mismos trabajadores. Los empleados invierten en el negocio y sus decisiones son todas democráticas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Eso realmente funciona?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay muchos casos exitosos de empresas cooperativas, pero también algunos fracasos como cualquier otro tipo de negocio. Con muy pocas empresas cooperativas en todo el país, no hay mucha información disponible, pero  estudios sugieren que hasta ahora, las cooperativas son al menos tan productivas como otros negocios tradicionales similares. Bernie apoya las cooperativas porque, al igual que los sindicatos, les dan a los trabajados una mayor influencia sobre sus vidas laborales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":4,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":214,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Sencillamente, cuando los empleados poseen una parte de su compañía, ellos no exportarán sus propios empleos a China para intentar incrementar sus ganancias\", Sanders dijo. \"Ellos serán más productivos. Y obtendrán una mejor calidad de vida.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha tratado Bernie de promover las cooperativas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2014, Bernie introdujo dos proyectos de ley que buscaban proveer préstamos y apoyo general para empresas cooperativas: el proyecto de Ley del Banco Estadounidense para la Propiedad del Trabajador y el proyecto de Ley para la Propiedad, Preparación y Conocimiento del Trabajador.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/summary","start":137,"end":198},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":216,"end":280}],"anchors":[{"name":"mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","point":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie ha sido un líder en el Congreso, luchando contra los tratados de libre comercio. Desde su punto de vista, estos acuerdos han enviado al extranjero una cantidad masiva de empleos bien pagados y han causado el cierre de decenas de miles de fábricas en todo de nuestro país.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un tratado comercial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los acuerdos comerciales son pactos entre países sobre tarifas, aranceles y comercio — en otras palabras, sobre cómo se realizarán los negocios entre los países que firman el acuerdo. Estos pactos suelen incluir algún tipo de inversión, siendo la más común de ellas el acuerdo de libre comercio o preferencial, cuyo objetivo es reducir o eliminar por completo los aranceles, las cuotas y otros tipos de restricciones entre los signatarios.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué está Bernie en contra de la mayoría de los acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él opina que los acuerdos como NAFTA, RCNP con China y el Acuerdo de Comercio con Corea han permitido que muchos empleos estadounidenses se hayan enviado al extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":31,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":38,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":58,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lee lo que Bernie dijo en mayo de 2015 en un editorial publicado por el Huffington Post:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":45,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Desde 2001, casi 60,000 fábricas en este país han cerrado y hemos perdido más de 4.7 millones de empleos en el sector industrial que pagaban salarios decentes. El NAFTA ha provocado la pérdida de casi 700,000 trabajos. El PNTR con China, 2.7 millones de empleos. Nuestro acuerdo comercial con Corea del Sur ha provocado la pérdida de casi 75,000 empleos. Los acuerdos comerciales malos no son la única razón por la cual los trabajos industriales en Estados Unidos han decrecido, pero son factores importantes.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Ha estado él siempre en contra de estos acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha estado en contra de estos acuerdos toda su carrera política. Dirígete a nuestra página de Comercio para ver muchos más ejemplos, pero por ahora, echa un corto vistazo:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":90,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cómicamente, Bernie puso a sus compañeros Representantes en la mira cuando introdujo un proyecto de ley que dijo que ― si el NAFTA entra en vigor — los miembros del Congreso tendrían que reducir sus propios sueldos para competir con los políticos de México. Aquí aparece Bernie, presentando el proyecto de ley:","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I0XIgEK6heM?rel=0","id":"I0XIgEK6heM"},{"text":"El comercio ha estado en las noticias últimamente. ¿Qué está pasando ahora?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ese es el TPP, o Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica. Es un acuerdo comercial masivo entre muchos países alrededor del Océano Pacífico, que involucra a 650 millones de personas. Estos países incluyen Australia, Canadá, Chile, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Vietnam. Estos países tendrían la capacidad de comerciar entre sí mucho más libremente, sin tener que pagar fuertes tarifas al gobierno para trasladar mercancía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-21782080","start":24,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"¿Qué hay de malo sobre bajar las barreras para comerciar?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Todos los demás acuerdos comerciales han tenido resultados desastrosos para los trabajadores estadounidenses, así que no hay razón para esperar algo diferente esta vez. Además, hay unas partes del TPP que le permitirían a las empresas presentar demandas contra un gobierno por causar daños a sus ganancias. Esto podría ser fácilmente explotado para inhibir la capacidad de los gobiernos de mantener la seguridad de sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. Lo más alarmante es que las demandas serían juzgadas y decididas por abogados corporativos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/2015\/02\/25\/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html","start":181,"end":200},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2015\/03\/26\/people-are-freaking-out-about-the-trans-pacific-partnerships-investor-dispute-settlement-system-why-should-you-care\/","start":495,"end":541}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Que ha dicho Bernie acerca del TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está liderando un movimiento en contra del TPP. En una declaración él dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":62,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: el TPP es mucho más que un acuerdo de 'libre comercio'. Es parte de la carrera mundial hacia el abismo para aumentar las ganancias de empresas grandes y de Wall Street, enviando trabajos al extranjero; debilitando los derechos de los trabajadores; desmantelando las leyes laborales, ambientales, financieras, alimentarias y de salud; y permitiendo a las empresas desafiar nuestras leyes en tribunales internacionales en vez de en nuestro propio sistema judicial.\"","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J-fawXeTxlE","id":"J-fawXeTxlE"},{"text":"¿Como propone Bernie conservar empleos en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha presentado la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense al Senado, la cual crearía más de 13 millones de empleos bien remunerados invirtiendo $1 billón en nuestra desmoronada infraestructura. Se financiaría con la eliminación de vacíos fiscales y de paraísos fiscales corporativos en el extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":24,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre el tema visitando la página de cuestiones sobre Infraestructura o la página de cuestiones sobre Comercio.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":49,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":97,"end":122}],"anchors":[{"name":"cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","point":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Vivimos en un país donde el 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y el 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana. Hoy en día, los padres de familia pasan menos tiempo en casa y los niños pasan más tiempo a solas. Bernie cree que deberíamos ofrecer cuidado infantil y educación temprana para todos los estadounidenses, para que los padres puedan ser más productivos y sus hijos tengan más oportunidades de salir adelante.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":28,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie quiere cuidado infantil asequibles y de mayor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En su Agenda Económica para Estados Unidos, Bernie afirma:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":6,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase trabajadora no pueden encontrar el cuidado infantil accesible y de calidad que sus niños necesitan. La educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil hasta la educación superior debe ser accesible para todos. Sin un sistema de educación de calidad y accesible, no podremos competir a nivel internacional y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Dado que la mayoría de los padres estadounidenses no pueden permitirse una ausencia de trabajo, es esencial que haya acceso a cuidado infantil accesible en el que las familias puedan confiar. De acuerdo a un reporte de 2012 por parte de Child Care Aware, en la mayor parte del país el cuidado infantil es más caro que el costo de la colegiatura en universidades públicas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":208,"end":215}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras hablaba en una mesa redonda con la fundación Every Child Matters Education Fund, Bernie llamó a nuestro sistema de cuidado infantil \"un desastre\". Bernie propuso la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito en 2011 para ayudar a resolver estos retrasos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":174,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opina que es importante invertir en educación temprana.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque su propuesta legislativa de pre-kindergarten no fue aprobada en 2011, como candidato presidencial, Bernie está buscando aprobación para su propuesta una vez más. Durante un evento de su campaña en Iowa en julio de 2015, Bernie dijo que no apoyar tal idea es el equivalente a \"Dar[le] la espalda a los niños\" y es \"deshonroso\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":118,"end":142},{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":234,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Para poder pagar por pre-kindergarten universal (así como colegiatura gratuita en todas las universidades públicas), Bernie propone aplicar impuestos a la especulación en Wall Street. Un economista del Centro de Prioridades de Presupuesto y Política escribió en el New York Times un artículo de opinión analizando la propuesta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-05-18\/bernie-sanders-wants-to-tax-stock-trades-to-pay-for-free-college","start":49,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":250,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Un diminuto impuesto de un punto base (un 'punto base' es una centésima de un punto porcentual, o 0.01 por ciento) recaudaría $185 mil millones de dólares en 10 años, de acuerdo a un nuevo estimado realizado por el no-partidista Centro de Política Tributaria. Esto sería suficiente para financiar una ambiciosa expansión de programas de pre-kindergarten para niños de 3 y 4 años y restaurar el financiamiento de asistencia universitaria para estudiantes de bajos recursos.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre las propuestas de Bernie en la página de Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":46,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo nos comparamos con el resto del mundo en lo que respecta a la educación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un reporte por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico, Estados Unidos está en el lugar 33 de 36 naciones en lectoescritura, en el lugar 27° en matemáticas, 22° en ciencias y 18° en educación secundaria.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Lee más acerca del historial de Bernie en cuanto a cuidado infantil asequible y su lucha para dar mayor acceso a la educación en la página de Asistencia Pública y Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":142,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":163,"end":172}],"anchors":[{"name":"vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","point":173}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","type":"h2"},{"text":"Hoy en día, cuando la vasta mayoría de las mujeres estadounidenses dan a luz, tienen que regresar casi de inmediato al trabajo porque no pueden darse el lujo de tomar un descanso. Y un permiso familiar pagado para padres que desean pasar más tiempo con sus recién nacidos es aún más incomún. Como Bernie dice, esto es exactamente lo opuesto a \"valores familiares\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":304,"end":308}],"type":"p"},{"text":"También, muchos empleados se presentan enfermos al trabajo por no tener días pagados por enfermedad. Bernie cree que esto es malo para los estadounidenses, y malo para la economía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":26,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es lo que hacen otros países?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, pongámoslo de esta forma: Estados Unidos es el único país desarrollado sin días de enfermedad pagados. Los estadounidenses también trabajan más que nadie en el mundo industrializado: trabajamos más horas, más fines de semana y tomamos menos vacaciones.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":60,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":138,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Observa la siguiente gráfica por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico — en ella se muestra que trabajamos más duro que los trabajadores en Japón, que son reconocidos por su productividad:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/paid-annual-leave-per-country-usa-none.jpg","type":"img","width":1313,"height":981},{"text":"Comencemos con el permiso familiar y los días de enfermedad pagados. ¿Por qué piensa Bernie que el tiempo libre pagado después del embarazo es tan importante?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie concuerda con la mayoría de los psicólogos en que las primeras semanas y meses de vida son inmensamente vitales para el desarrollo del infante. En un blog de junio de 2015, Bernie escribió:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":187,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Es una atrocidad que millones de mujeres en el país sean forzadas a trabajar justo después de dar a luz, sólo porque no tienen los ingresos necesarios para quedarse en casa con su recién nacido… Cuando una madre no puede pasar tiempo con su recién nacido durante las primeras semanas y meses de vida, eso no es un valor familiar.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Qué hay del permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros seres queridos? ¿Y cuando uno está enfermo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que el permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros familiares enfermos, y para recuperarnos cuando estamos enfermos, contribuye a una mayor felicidad y productividad.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eso es justo. No quiero trabajar cuando me siento enfermo, o cuando tengo a un recién nacido llorando, o cuando estoy preocupado por un familiar enfermo. ¿Qué está haciendo Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él está apoyando diversas medidas para que el permiso familiar, los días de enfermedad o las vacaciones pagadas sean disponibles para todos los trabajadores estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":17,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie es un co-patrocinador del proyecto de ley FAMILY, presentada en junio de 2015, la cual garantiza al menos doce semanas de permiso familiar o días de enfermedad pagados. Esta propuesta legislativa, de ser aprobada, permitiría a los trabajadores obtener permiso pagado después de un nacimiento, y para cuidar a un ser querido enfermo, o a ellos mismos si están enfermos. Él también apoya el proyecto de ley Familias Sanas, introducido en febrero de 2015, el cual podría garantizar siete días de enfermedad pagados al año a cada trabajador — una prestación que 43 millones de estadounidenses actualmente no poseen.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/ranking\/newsroom\/press\/murray-delauro-introduce-healthy-families-act","start":408,"end":426}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tengo vacaciones pagadas — así como mucha gente que conozco. ¿Cuántos estadounidenses actualmente no tienen vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ¡considérate privilegiado! Mira esta gráfica de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie con respecto a las vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie presentó una propuesta legislativa en junio de 2015 llamada Ley de Vacaciones Pagadas Garantizadas, la cual proveería 10 días de permiso pagado a cualquiera que haya trabajado por más de un año en un empresa que emplee al menos 15 personas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":67,"end":105}],"anchors":[{"name":"enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","point":247}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","type":"h2"},{"text":"La productividad de los trabajadores estadounidenses ha incrementado, y Bernie opina que no deben de ser explotados siendo forzados a trabajar más horas mientras siguen ganando salarios más bajos que nunca. Además de sus esfuerzos relacionados con los días de descanso pagados, Bernie está muy preocupado por el número de estadounidenses trabajadores que viven en pobreza, a pesar de trabajar muchas horas y tener varios empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuántas horas trabajamos en comparación al resto del mundo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a la OCDE, en 2013 los estadounidenses trabajaron 54 horas más al año que los japoneses, 119 horas más que los británicos, 299 horas más que los franceses y 245 hora más que los Alemanes. De acuerdo a esta encuesta de Gallup, el trabajador estadounidense promedio, con empleo de tiempo completo, trabaja más de 40 horas a la semana.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":217,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/average-number-hours-worked-in-usa.png","type":"img","width":549,"height":306},{"text":"Si los estadounidenses están trabajando tanto, ¿por qué hay tantos metidos en la pobreza?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un punto importante en la campaña de Bernie es su respuesta a esta pregunta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/apr\/30\/bernie-sanders-confirms-presidential-run-and-damns-americas-inequities","start":50,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo que hemos visto es que una persona común está trabajando más horas por salarios más bajos, estamos viendo un enorme incremento en desigualdad de ingresos y riquezas, lo que está alcanzando niveles grotescos. Esta es una economía distorsionada, que funciona para los ricos y poderosos y no está trabajando para el estadounidense ordinario.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, los estadounidenses están teniendo dificultades encontrando trabajos de tiempo completo, mientras que al mismo tiempo los trabajadores de medio tiempo son forzados a trabajar menos horas para que los negocios puedan contratar a más trabajadores sin tener que darles prestaciones. Todos estos factores forzan a los estadounidenses a trabajar dos o tres empleos para poder cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/more-americans-are-stuck-in-part-time-work\/2014\/07\/02\/2eefaa72-f7e7-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html","start":73,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un estudio de la Fundación Heritage, entre 1973 y 2012, la productividad ha subido un 100 por ciento mientras que el promedio salarial ha disminuido en un siete por ciento. Este cambio se ha dado como resultado de muchos factores, la mayoría de ellos escondidos detrás de la teoría económica del derrame.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2013\/07\/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","start":16,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/economics\/2009\/06\/30\/trickle-down-economics-fails-to-deliver-as-promised\/","start":288,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/productivity-vs-hours.gif","type":"img","width":600,"height":461},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué es lo que Bernie cree que podemos hacer por el trabajador estadounidense para salvarlo de la explotación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las propias palabras de Bernie en una declaración dada previo a las elecciones intermedias de noviembre de 2014 hablan por los trabajadores estadounidenses:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/we-need-a-political-revolution","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Nuestro trabajo es hacer una revolución política. Nuestro trabajo es educar y organizar para que la gente que trabaja luche por sus derechos y su dignidad — y que estén activamente participando en el proceso político. Cuando hagamos eso, cuando nos paremos juntos, ganaremos: Servicio médico para todos, una justa distribución de ganancias y riquezas, un programa de trabajos federal mayor, salarios más altos, revertir el calentamiento global y una reforma real de financiamiento para campañas.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Cuando nos rindamos y no participemos, perdemos. Y lo que veremos es el continuo colapso de la clase media y un incremento en la pobreza, cortes a la Seguridad Social y Medicare, una brecha que crece más entre los ricos y todos los demás, ningún incremento al salario mínimo, ningún esfuerzo para hacer los colegios costeables y una mayor devastación por el calentamiento global.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre sus planes para resolver la inequidad económica.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":46,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estoy buscando información sobre lo que Bernie ha hecho para apoyar a los trabajadores indocumentados y agrícolas.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él apoyó la Coalición de Trabajadores de Immokalee para acabar con las condiciones de explotación que se daba en los campos tomateros de Florida — que cubre tanto a indocumentados, como a agricultores. Pero probablemente estás buscando más que esto. Aprende más sobre lo que él ha hecho en las páginas de Inmigración, Derechos Hispanos y Agricultura.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":71,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":305,"end":316},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":318,"end":335},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":338,"end":349}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Children","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/girl-486950_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/girl-486950_1280.jpg","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON CHILDREN","type":"h1"},{"text":"taught lower-income preschoolersworking families need","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/who-is-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/these-5-charts-show-how-expensive-it-is-to-raise-children-today-2018-03-29","start":33,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Child Care","links":[{"href":"#affordable-child-care","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","links":[{"href":"#early-childhood-education","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Safe Schools & Neighborhoods","links":[{"href":"#safe-schools","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave:","links":[{"href":"#paid-leave","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Amber Alert","links":[{"href":"#amber-alert","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Childhood Poverty","links":[{"href":"#alleviate-childhood-poverty","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition 66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of menenacting a universal Pre-K and childcare program","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-hours-worked-productivity-vacation\/","start":9,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":55,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Child Care","type":"h2"},{"text":"Why do we need affordable child care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Seems reasonable. What’s the deal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"disaster","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Couples spend 25.6% of their income on child care costspay 52.7% of their income","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbc26.com\/news\/national\/the-costs-of-child-care-around-the-world","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2018\/04\/25\/health\/child-care-parenting-explainer-intl\/index.html","start":55,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A 2018 report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/usa.childcareaware.org\/2018\/10\/child-care-aware-americas-12th-annual-cost-care-report-shows-child-care-outpaces-nearly-family-expenses-nationwide\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to providing affordable child care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of their net incomeheavily subsidized or regulated by the local or central government","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/read.oecd-ilibrary.org\/social-issues-migration-health\/society-at-a-glance-2016\/childcare-costs-are-around-15-of-net-family-income-across-the-oecd_soc_glance-2016-graph14-en#page1","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/04\/25\/health\/child-care-parenting-explainer-intl\/index.html","start":24,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Compared to the United States","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/04\/25\/health\/child-care-parenting-explainer-intl\/index.html","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the need for high-quality, affordable child care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We must guarantee childcare and universal pre-Kindergarten","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lack of essential child care for most families is unacceptable","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/high-quality-and-affordable-child-care-is-essential-for-most-working-families-ye\/10157718470482908\/","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Specifically, what has Bernie proposed to help tackle the problem of affordable child care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports investing heavily in early childhood education, which includes highest potentia former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":79,"end":95},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":95,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":121,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2016 reportU.S. 18th for reading literacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/PISA-2015-United-States.pdf","start":11,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/","start":15,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unicef report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"most developed countriesWealthier countries spend0.5% and 15 of GDP suffer","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/berlin\/46299897.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/soc\/PF3_1_Public_spending_on_childcare_and_early_education.pdf","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ECD-Costing-Paper-Final-highres.pdf","start":68,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Quality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Those are just meaningless numbers, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$2.3 trillion higher by 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. So, what has Bernie done to try to improve early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"close this gapcritical stages of developmentQuality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/importance-early-childhood-development\/according-experts\/investment-early-childhood-development-lays","start":14,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":44,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":77,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education Systemenacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":60,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":94,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ok, but how are we going to pay for this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Safe Schools and Neighborhoods","type":"h2"},{"text":"saidsaidI cannot think of a worse tragedy than what happened at Sandy Hook","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1125956710928125953","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1119688648952295424?lang=en","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A_HRImjeH0A","start":8,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/standalone\/?c4719237\/student-rally-gun-violence"},{"text":"“stronger federal investments that enhances student health and safetyStudent Support and Academic Enrichment Grant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.baldwin.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/FY2018%20Student%20Support%20and%20Academic%20Enrichment%20Grant,%20School%20Safety%20and%20....pdf","start":0,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/www2.ed.gov\/programs\/ssae\/index.html","start":69,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.baldwin.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/FY2018%20Student%20Support%20and%20Academic%20Enrichment%20Grant,%20School%20Safety%20and%20....pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s positions on Gun Control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h2"},{"text":"supports paid Family Leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"co-sponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":10,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What family leave policies do other countries have?","type":"h3"},{"text":"quick breakdown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/newsroom\/news\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Spain: 112 paid days off ","United Kingdom: 280 days with 90 percent pay","France: 112 days ","Italy: 140 days with 80 percent pay","Russia: 140 days","Mexico: 84 days","Indonesia: 84 days","China: 90 days","Saudi Arabia: 70 days with 50 percent pay ","Sweden: Parents are given 480 paid leave days per child."]},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandate Other countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countriesThis map","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":61,"end":109},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":109,"end":132},{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicycenter.org\/policies\/is-paid-leave-available-to-mothers-and-fathers-of-infants\/is-paid-leave-available-for-mothers-of-infants","start":132,"end":140}],"type":"p"},{"type":"iframe","src":"http:\/\/www.worldpolicycenter.org\/embedded\/policies\/is-paid-leave-available-to-mothers-and-fathers-of-infants"},{"text":"Amber Alert","type":"h2"},{"text":"Did Bernie really vote against the Amber Alert bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Why did Bernie vote against it then?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Amber Alertvoted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amberadvocate.org\/about\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3251\/8533\/27110\/enhance-amber-alert-bill#.XOkaaI-xU2w","start":11,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"link Feeney amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2003-04-10\/html\/CREC-2003-04-10-pt1-PgS5113.htm","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=7149&context=jclc","start":4,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Senator Leahy, saidAmber alert billit has been abused as a sweetener for highly controversial add-ons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2003-04-10\/html\/CREC-2003-04-10-pt1-PgS5113.htm","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/108\/plaws\/publ21\/PLAW-108publ21.pdf","start":20,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/local\/vermont\/articles\/2006\/09\/21\/sanders_vote_on_amber_alert_emerges_as_key_campaign_issue\/?rss_id=Boston.com+%2F+News+%2F+Local","start":36,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"letter to Congressserious harm to the basic structure of the sentencing guideline system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2003-04-10\/html\/CREC-2003-04-10-pt1-PgS5113.htm","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/archive.boston.com\/news\/local\/vermont\/articles\/2006\/09\/21\/sanders_vote_on_amber_alert_emerges_as_key_campaign_issue\/?rss_id=Boston.com+%2F+News+%2F+Local","start":18,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"amendmentssentencing guideline add-on","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/resources\/display\/content\/Enactment+of+a+Law+-+Learn+About+the+Legislative+Process#EnactmentofaLaw-LearnAbouttheLegislativeProcess-TheAmendmentProcess","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2003-04-10\/html\/CREC-2003-04-10-pt1-PgS5113.htm","start":11,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Childhood Poverty","type":"h2"},{"text":"praised benefits less poverty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cz0u2FH5Bnk","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/29\/why-cant-america-be-sweden\/","start":8,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/1\/12\/15\/poorest-norwegian-children-are-twice-rich-poorest-american-children","start":17,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"income and wealth inequality here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How bad is child poverty in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"21 percent of children under 18 are living in poverty43 percent highest rates of child poverty developed worldUnicef reported","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":54,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/CO_2_2_Child_Poverty.pdf","start":64,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":95,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":111,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UNICEF report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2013\/04\/15\/map-how-35-countries-compare-on-child-poverty-the-u-s-is-ranked-34th\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/amWQnGZF5kOFESaPb7r2Z5FjzaM=\/421x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/IZEYLNEE2Y7DZBTMKJJ4UU4GBI.jpg","type":"img","width":421,"height":622},{"text":"How does poverty affect children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"ognitive developmenschool performancecause more frequent sicknessone half of the children born in the U.S. receive assistance from WIC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/hunger_at_home\/hunger-home-american-children-malnourished\/story?id=14367230","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_695.html","start":19,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/pediatrics\/112\/Supplement_3\/707.full.pdf","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children","start":65,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"students who are eligible for free and reduced-price lunch no books in the home educational attainment is tied to poverty 17 million U.S. kids","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/nationsreportcard.gov\/reading_math_2013\/#\/student-groups","start":0,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2011\/05\/16\/a-book-in-every-home-and-then-some\/","start":58,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2014\/02\/11\/the-rising-cost-of-not-going-to-college\/sdt-higher-education-02-11-2014-0-04\/","start":79,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2014\/02\/11\/the-rising-cost-of-not-going-to-college\/sdt-higher-education-02-11-2014-0-04\/","start":121,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has saidhere","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","start":9,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How essential is nutrition for child development?","type":"h3"},{"text":"undernourished kids","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/hunger_at_home\/hunger-home-american-children-malnourished\/story?id=14367230","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many kids live in food-insecure households in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/Publications\/err125\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is SNAP? How does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much of the federal budget is spent on SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billion allocated to SNAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":16,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So who is receiving food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SNAP recipients make up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"56 percent to 100 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fns-prod.azureedge.net\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/Reaching2016-Summary.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this example","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Stamped","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foodstamped.com\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Assistance issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If we are already funding SNAP, why do we need WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC WIC program leads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better health care for children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":15,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"co-sponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other food assistance programs are there for children and where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports School lunch programschool breakfast programspecial milk programsummer food service program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/nslp\/national-school-lunch-program","start":9,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sbp\/school-breakfast-program","start":29,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/smp\/special-milk-program","start":53,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sfsp\/summer-food-service-program","start":73,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Local Farms, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/679","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Growing Safe Food Act of 2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/2758","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthy Food Financing Initiative","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/821","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should Americans pay for programs like WIC and the School Lunch Program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"attentiveness in school decreases math scores","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":34,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"socioeconomic status brain health Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. study in 2000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":21,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":34,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":59,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"in the fetal childhood developmental stages need more vitamins and minerals adverse health effects more susceptible child nutrition adulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":76,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":99,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":132,"end":141}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Free College For All","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6240707542_b7413043c6_o-350x280.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6240707542_b7413043c6_o.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON EDUCATION","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-114s1373is\/pdf\/BILLS-114s1373is.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","links":[{"href":"#college-tuition","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","links":[{"href":"#early-childhood-education","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","links":[{"href":"#educators","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","links":[{"href":"#financial-aid","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","links":[{"href":"#student-loans","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"K-12 Education","links":[{"href":"#k-12-education","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","links":[{"href":"#work-study","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAMers","links":[{"href":"#dreamers","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","links":[{"href":"#increase-teacher-pay","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","type":"h2"},{"text":"S. 1373: College for All Actan editorial for the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bernie-sanders\/why-not_b_7700810.html","start":28,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a comprehensive plan, College for All and Cancel Student Debt, with the goal of making public universities, colleges and trade schools tuition free, increasing funding for HBCUs and MSIs, cancelling student debt, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/free-college-cancel-debt\/","start":42,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"All public colleges and universities should be tuition free.","type":"h3"},{"text":"over $9,000nearly $1,200","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/01\/28\/report-high-textbook-prices-have-college-students-struggling","start":11,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can providing free tuition for students help the United States as a whole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"marked negative effect","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/story\/13175721\/1\/sagging-consumer-spending-could-drag-on-gdp-1-per-quarter.html","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"very often correlated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why should education be a public good and not a private commodity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"watch this brief ATTN: video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/879356025433191\/?type=1","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":11,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rate-avergae-hourly-pay-college-vs-no-college.png","type":"img","width":757,"height":656},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People can certainly succeed without a bachelor’s degree, however education attainment has a large influence in determining life outcomes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pell Grants","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pell_Grant","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has caused these skyrocketing tuition bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"greatly increase tuition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay rates similar to CEOs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does tuition in America compare to other countries?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Watch this video to learn more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/820223108013150\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"what the College for All Act will do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Make public colleges, universities, and trade schools tuition-free.","Fully fund Historically Black Colleges and Universities.","Forgive existing student debt.","Fully paid for by imposing a Robin Hood Tax on Wall Street."]},{"text":"Bernie explains the case for tuition-free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"higher incomes and a higher GDP","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports investing heavily in early childhood education, which includes highest potentia former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":79,"end":95},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":95,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":121,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2016 reportU.S. 18th for reading literacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/PISA-2015-United-States.pdf","start":11,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/","start":15,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unicef report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"most developed countriesWealthier countries spend0.5% and 15 of GDPsuffer","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/berlin\/46299897.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/soc\/PF3_1_Public_spending_on_childcare_and_early_education.pdf","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ECD-Costing-Paper-Final-highres.pdf","start":67,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Quality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Those are just meaningless numbers, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$2.3 trillion higher by 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. So, what has Bernie done to try to improve early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"close this gapcritical stages of developmentQuality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/importance-early-childhood-development\/according-experts\/investment-early-childhood-development-lays","start":14,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":44,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":77,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education Systemenacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":60,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":94,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ok, but how are we going to pay for this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about college and university professors?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about financial aid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"remove requirements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","type":"h2"},{"text":"levels of student debt in our country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.statepress.com\/article\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-speech","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student debt in this country has reached a crisis level.","type":"h3"},{"text":"USSA statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/usatcollege.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/ussa-college-affordability-factsheet.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"neared $30,000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/11\/13\/average-student-loan-debt-hits-30-000","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes student loan interest rates need to be drastically reduced.","type":"h3"},{"text":"a speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-for-higher-ed-funding-revolution","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about new student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"almost in half from 4.32 percent to 2.32","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"eliminate all student debt","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/23\/politics\/bernie-sanders-student-loan-debt-cancellation\/index.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"borrower defense rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studentdebtrelief.us\/student-loans\/bernie-sanders-student-loans\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about people with current student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed to entirely cancel student loan debt with a tax on Wall Street speculation.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/07\/09\/bernie-sanders-cancel-student-debt\/","start":32,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overhaul the K-12 Education System","type":"h2"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education plan for public educationreinvestrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":78,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":88,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actholistic method of educationevaluating students based on their understanding of the curriculumteaching should be one of the best payingstrongly opposevouchers to pay for","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":52,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":80,"end":146},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/no-teacher-in-america-should-have-to-have-a-second-jobor-six-jobsto-make-ends-me\/1727820057272991\/","start":146,"end":187},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/16378.htm","start":187,"end":202},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c105:H.R.2746:","start":202,"end":210},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":211,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act reduce class size to 18 for children in grades 1 to 3Fix America's Schools Today Act (FAST) of 2011, which would aafford small class sizes and programs like art, music, and physical education.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HR1036.htm","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.classsizematters.org\/research-and-links\/","start":39,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S1597.htm","start":92,"end":153},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126171164697661440","start":153,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yesEvery Child Achieves ActElementary and Secondary Education Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00249","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/The_Every_Child_Achieves_Act_of_2015--summary.pdf","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/esea","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Common Core","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in early 2015 against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/anti-common-core-amendment-passes-senate-vote\/article\/2562106","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about school funding?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthy areasopposesStudent Success Actaccording to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":13,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/5","start":20,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/sites\/default\/files\/esea_jointstatement_nabe.pdf","start":39,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Charter Schools","type":"h3"},{"text":"privately managedvoted forCharter School Expansion Act of 1998considered public schools","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll519.xml","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2616","start":26,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.uncommonschools.org\/faq-what-is-charter-school","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AFTNEAshares Bernie’s concern","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aftacts.org\/about-us\/aft-and-charter-schools","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":6,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"need-based financial award","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentaid.ed.gov\/sa\/types\/work-study","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has he proposed about work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expand work-study programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored the reintroduction of the DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/952","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie criticized Obamahis immigration record","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/217697-dreamers-praise-sanders-over-clinton-after-confronting-both-in-iowa","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":23,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":24,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believespaid morecollective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/what-would-sanders-administration-do-k-12-education","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/photos\/pb.9124187907.-2207520000.1434202720.\/10153043292027908\/?type=3&theater","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":17,"end":38}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Medicaid","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#medicaid","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Medicaid-Spending-iStock-150x150.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Medicaid-Spending-iStock.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Medicare","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#medicare","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/USA-medicare-medicaid-540x304-350x197.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/USA-medicare-medicaid-540x304.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Paid Time Off","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6041922050_bf1bf1f608_b-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6041922050_bf1bf1f608_b.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders Sobre los Derechos Laborales","type":"h1"},{"text":"En los últimos 40 años, la economía de Estados Unidos no ha funcionado para la mayoría de los trabajadores. Mientras que la productividad laboral ha incrementado, al igual que el costo de vida, el promedio de los salarios ha caído en relación a la inflación.","type":"p"},{"text":"Miles de empleos están bajo amenaza de ser enviados al extranjero, y muchos trabajadores estadounidenses se encuentran obligados a tener dos o tres empleos para cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes. 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana, muchos sin vacaciones pagadas o derecho a permisos de ausencia por enfermedad.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":274,"end":289}]},{"text":"Bernie Sanders ha luchado durante toda su carrera para mejorar las vidas de los trabajadores. Él es un líder en la lucha para incrementar el salario mínimo a $15, y opina que si la mayoría de los trabajadores deciden formar un sindicato en su lugar de empleo, deberían tener la capacidad de hacerlo. Bernie respalda los \"verdaderos valores familiares\" lo cual significa darle a los trabajadores el tiempo y los recursos para pasar tiempo de calidad con sus seres queridos, así como cuidar de ellos y de sí mismos cuando están enfermos.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":126,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":321,"end":350}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#sindicatos-y-cooperativas","label":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","description":"Debemos fomentar y apoyar a los sindicatos laborales y cooperativas de trabajadores."},{"href":"#mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","label":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","description":"Debemos oponernos a tratados comerciales desastrosos que exportan trabajos bien pagados."},{"href":"#cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","label":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","description":"Debemos fortalecer nuestra economía invirtiendo en el cuidado infantil y la educación temprana para permitir que nuestras madres y padres estén tranquilos al saber que sus niños están a salvo mientras ellos trabajan."},{"href":"#vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","label":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","description":"No debe haber duda de que a los padres se les debe permitir pasar tiempo en casa con sus recién nacidos. Los trabajadores enfermos deberían tener la garantía de que pueden quedarse en casa cuando no se sientan bien. Por otro lado, los empleadores deben de proveer a sus empleados un tiempo razonable de vacaciones, así las personas pueden descansar y recargar energías."},{"href":"#enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","label":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","description":"Ya fue suficiente. Necesitamos revertir esta tendencia de empleados trabajando por más horas y ganando salarios que son los menores en nuestra historia."}]},{"text":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","anchors":[{"name":"sindicatos-y-cooperativas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina que para poder reconstruir la clase media, tenemos que reconstruir el movimiento sindical estadounidense y expandir la propiedad y la participación de los empleados en la industria. Bernie tiene una calificación Pro-Sindicato de 100 por ciento por parte de la Federación Estadounidense del Trabajo y Congreso de Organizaciones Industriales (AFL-CIO, por sus siglas en inglés) y fue recientemente endosado por la Unión Nacional de Enfermeras.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":83,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/house\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Jobs","start":225,"end":256},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/08\/10\/bernie-sanders-wins-backing-of-national-nurses-union\/","start":409,"end":417}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un sindicato, y qué es un conflicto colectivo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un sindicato es un grupo de trabajadores legalmente reconocido que usa el conflicto colectivo  un proceso de negociación entre un empleador y un grupo de trabajadores enfocado en llegar a acuerdos que proporcionen seguridades básicas al empleado. Este acuerdo generalmente incluye el garantizar condiciones seguras en el trabajo, asegurarse de que todos los derechos de los trabajadores estén protegidos, garantizar la habilidad de negociar por mejores salarios, y permitir a los trabajadores tener una voz en el trabajo.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no vemos tantos sindicatos hoy en día?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante las últimas décadas el declive de la clase media ha reflejado la declinación de los trabajadores sindicalizados en Estados Unidos. Las grandes corporaciones y sus contrapartes cabildeadas en Washington, D.C. han atacado ferozmente los derechos a la organización y a la negociación colectiva de los miembros de sindicatos, tanto públicos como privados. Este acto hostil hacia los sindicatos laborales beneficia a las corporaciones multimillonarias, sus directores generales y sus inversionistas, no al trabajador común.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":85,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Abajo se encuentra una gráfica del Fondo de Acción del Centro para el Progreso Estadounidense (CAPAF, por sus siglas en inglés), mostrando cómo el declive de afiliación sindical ha ocurrido a la par con el encogimiento de la clase media.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":35,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/union-membership-rates.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"¿Qué opinan de Bernie los sindicatos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha recibido un increíble apoyo por parte de diversos sindicatos alrededor del país. De hecho, a lo largo de su carrera política, las 20 contribuciones más altas dadas a Bernie han provenido de sindicatos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/politicians\/contrib.php?cycle=Career&cid=n00000528&type=I","start":140,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En junio de 2015, el AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur aprobó una resolución apoyando su candidatura presidencial. Erin McKee, presidenta del AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur dijo en una conferencia de prensa: \"Desde hace mucho tiempo nadie ha dado la cara por la gente trabajadora y las uniones laborales como Bernie Sanders lo ha hecho\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/LocalUnionResolutionUrgingSupportforBernie2016.pdf","start":49,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-wins-south-carolina-labor-backing\/","start":176,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué políticas dirigidas a los trabajadores ha apoyado Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha luchado por los sindicatos en el Congreso y Senado desde hace mucho tiempo. En su primer término en el Congreso en 1992, Bernie introdujo el proyecto de ley Democracia en el Trabajo (Workplace Democracy Act), un proyecto de ley integral diseñado para empoderar a los sindicatos para facilitar su organización la negociación con sus empleadores. Él nunca abandonó la propuesta, y aunque ésta enfrentó fuerte oposición republicana él la ha presentado cada dos años, por más de una década.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":439,"end":472}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Recientemente, Bernie votó por el proyecto de ley para Permitir la Negociación Colectiva a los Oficiales de Seguridad Pública, el cual exigió a la Autoridad Federal de Relaciones Laborales hacer valer la habilidad de los oficiales de seguridad pública para participar en la negociación colectiva. Él también votó en contra de una enmienda de 2011, que acabaría con los derechos de negociación colectiva para los empleados de la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":34,"end":125},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":330,"end":346}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído a Bernie mencionar cooperativas de empleados, ¿que es eso?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las cooperativas laborales son negocios cuyos propietarios son los mismos trabajadores. Los empleados invierten en el negocio y sus decisiones son todas democráticas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Eso realmente funciona?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay muchos casos exitosos de empresas cooperativas, pero también algunos fracasos como cualquier otro tipo de negocio. Con muy pocas empresas cooperativas en todo el país, no hay mucha información disponible, pero  estudios sugieren que hasta ahora, las cooperativas son al menos tan productivas como otros negocios tradicionales similares. Bernie apoya las cooperativas porque, al igual que los sindicatos, les dan a los trabajados una mayor influencia sobre sus vidas laborales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":4,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":214,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Sencillamente, cuando los empleados poseen una parte de su compañía, ellos no exportarán sus propios empleos a China para intentar incrementar sus ganancias\", Sanders dijo. \"Ellos serán más productivos. Y obtendrán una mejor calidad de vida.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha tratado Bernie de promover las cooperativas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2014, Bernie introdujo dos proyectos de ley que buscaban proveer préstamos y apoyo general para empresas cooperativas: el proyecto de Ley del Banco Estadounidense para la Propiedad del Trabajador y el proyecto de Ley para la Propiedad, Preparación y Conocimiento del Trabajador.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/summary","start":137,"end":198},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":216,"end":280}],"anchors":[{"name":"mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","point":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie ha sido un líder en el Congreso, luchando contra los tratados de libre comercio. Desde su punto de vista, estos acuerdos han enviado al extranjero una cantidad masiva de empleos bien pagados y han causado el cierre de decenas de miles de fábricas en todo de nuestro país.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un tratado comercial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los acuerdos comerciales son pactos entre países sobre tarifas, aranceles y comercio — en otras palabras, sobre cómo se realizarán los negocios entre los países que firman el acuerdo. Estos pactos suelen incluir algún tipo de inversión, siendo la más común de ellas el acuerdo de libre comercio o preferencial, cuyo objetivo es reducir o eliminar por completo los aranceles, las cuotas y otros tipos de restricciones entre los signatarios.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué está Bernie en contra de la mayoría de los acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él opina que los acuerdos como NAFTA, RCNP con China y el Acuerdo de Comercio con Corea han permitido que muchos empleos estadounidenses se hayan enviado al extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":31,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":38,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":58,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lee lo que Bernie dijo en mayo de 2015 en un editorial publicado por el Huffington Post:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":45,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Desde 2001, casi 60,000 fábricas en este país han cerrado y hemos perdido más de 4.7 millones de empleos en el sector industrial que pagaban salarios decentes. El NAFTA ha provocado la pérdida de casi 700,000 trabajos. El PNTR con China, 2.7 millones de empleos. Nuestro acuerdo comercial con Corea del Sur ha provocado la pérdida de casi 75,000 empleos. Los acuerdos comerciales malos no son la única razón por la cual los trabajos industriales en Estados Unidos han decrecido, pero son factores importantes.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Ha estado él siempre en contra de estos acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha estado en contra de estos acuerdos toda su carrera política. Dirígete a nuestra página de Comercio para ver muchos más ejemplos, pero por ahora, echa un corto vistazo:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":90,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cómicamente, Bernie puso a sus compañeros Representantes en la mira cuando introdujo un proyecto de ley que dijo que ― si el NAFTA entra en vigor — los miembros del Congreso tendrían que reducir sus propios sueldos para competir con los políticos de México. Aquí aparece Bernie, presentando el proyecto de ley:","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I0XIgEK6heM?rel=0","id":"I0XIgEK6heM"},{"text":"El comercio ha estado en las noticias últimamente. ¿Qué está pasando ahora?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ese es el TPP, o Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica. Es un acuerdo comercial masivo entre muchos países alrededor del Océano Pacífico, que involucra a 650 millones de personas. Estos países incluyen Australia, Canadá, Chile, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Vietnam. Estos países tendrían la capacidad de comerciar entre sí mucho más libremente, sin tener que pagar fuertes tarifas al gobierno para trasladar mercancía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-21782080","start":24,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"¿Qué hay de malo sobre bajar las barreras para comerciar?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Todos los demás acuerdos comerciales han tenido resultados desastrosos para los trabajadores estadounidenses, así que no hay razón para esperar algo diferente esta vez. Además, hay unas partes del TPP que le permitirían a las empresas presentar demandas contra un gobierno por causar daños a sus ganancias. Esto podría ser fácilmente explotado para inhibir la capacidad de los gobiernos de mantener la seguridad de sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. Lo más alarmante es que las demandas serían juzgadas y decididas por abogados corporativos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/2015\/02\/25\/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html","start":181,"end":200},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2015\/03\/26\/people-are-freaking-out-about-the-trans-pacific-partnerships-investor-dispute-settlement-system-why-should-you-care\/","start":495,"end":541}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Que ha dicho Bernie acerca del TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está liderando un movimiento en contra del TPP. En una declaración él dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":62,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: el TPP es mucho más que un acuerdo de 'libre comercio'. Es parte de la carrera mundial hacia el abismo para aumentar las ganancias de empresas grandes y de Wall Street, enviando trabajos al extranjero; debilitando los derechos de los trabajadores; desmantelando las leyes laborales, ambientales, financieras, alimentarias y de salud; y permitiendo a las empresas desafiar nuestras leyes en tribunales internacionales en vez de en nuestro propio sistema judicial.\"","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J-fawXeTxlE","id":"J-fawXeTxlE"},{"text":"¿Como propone Bernie conservar empleos en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha presentado la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense al Senado, la cual crearía más de 13 millones de empleos bien remunerados invirtiendo $1 billón en nuestra desmoronada infraestructura. Se financiaría con la eliminación de vacíos fiscales y de paraísos fiscales corporativos en el extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":24,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre el tema visitando la página de cuestiones sobre Infraestructura o la página de cuestiones sobre Comercio.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":49,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":97,"end":122}],"anchors":[{"name":"cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","point":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Vivimos en un país donde el 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y el 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana. Hoy en día, los padres de familia pasan menos tiempo en casa y los niños pasan más tiempo a solas. Bernie cree que deberíamos ofrecer cuidado infantil y educación temprana para todos los estadounidenses, para que los padres puedan ser más productivos y sus hijos tengan más oportunidades de salir adelante.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":28,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie quiere cuidado infantil asequibles y de mayor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En su Agenda Económica para Estados Unidos, Bernie afirma:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":6,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase trabajadora no pueden encontrar el cuidado infantil accesible y de calidad que sus niños necesitan. La educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil hasta la educación superior debe ser accesible para todos. Sin un sistema de educación de calidad y accesible, no podremos competir a nivel internacional y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Dado que la mayoría de los padres estadounidenses no pueden permitirse una ausencia de trabajo, es esencial que haya acceso a cuidado infantil accesible en el que las familias puedan confiar. De acuerdo a un reporte de 2012 por parte de Child Care Aware, en la mayor parte del país el cuidado infantil es más caro que el costo de la colegiatura en universidades públicas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":208,"end":215}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras hablaba en una mesa redonda con la fundación Every Child Matters Education Fund, Bernie llamó a nuestro sistema de cuidado infantil \"un desastre\". Bernie propuso la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito en 2011 para ayudar a resolver estos retrasos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":174,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opina que es importante invertir en educación temprana.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque su propuesta legislativa de pre-kindergarten no fue aprobada en 2011, como candidato presidencial, Bernie está buscando aprobación para su propuesta una vez más. Durante un evento de su campaña en Iowa en julio de 2015, Bernie dijo que no apoyar tal idea es el equivalente a \"Dar[le] la espalda a los niños\" y es \"deshonroso\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":118,"end":142},{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":234,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Para poder pagar por pre-kindergarten universal (así como colegiatura gratuita en todas las universidades públicas), Bernie propone aplicar impuestos a la especulación en Wall Street. Un economista del Centro de Prioridades de Presupuesto y Política escribió en el New York Times un artículo de opinión analizando la propuesta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-05-18\/bernie-sanders-wants-to-tax-stock-trades-to-pay-for-free-college","start":49,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":250,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Un diminuto impuesto de un punto base (un 'punto base' es una centésima de un punto porcentual, o 0.01 por ciento) recaudaría $185 mil millones de dólares en 10 años, de acuerdo a un nuevo estimado realizado por el no-partidista Centro de Política Tributaria. Esto sería suficiente para financiar una ambiciosa expansión de programas de pre-kindergarten para niños de 3 y 4 años y restaurar el financiamiento de asistencia universitaria para estudiantes de bajos recursos.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre las propuestas de Bernie en la página de Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":46,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo nos comparamos con el resto del mundo en lo que respecta a la educación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un reporte por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico, Estados Unidos está en el lugar 33 de 36 naciones en lectoescritura, en el lugar 27° en matemáticas, 22° en ciencias y 18° en educación secundaria.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Lee más acerca del historial de Bernie en cuanto a cuidado infantil asequible y su lucha para dar mayor acceso a la educación en la página de Asistencia Pública y Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":142,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":163,"end":172}],"anchors":[{"name":"vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","point":173}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","type":"h2"},{"text":"Hoy en día, cuando la vasta mayoría de las mujeres estadounidenses dan a luz, tienen que regresar casi de inmediato al trabajo porque no pueden darse el lujo de tomar un descanso. Y un permiso familiar pagado para padres que desean pasar más tiempo con sus recién nacidos es aún más incomún. Como Bernie dice, esto es exactamente lo opuesto a \"valores familiares\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":304,"end":308}],"type":"p"},{"text":"También, muchos empleados se presentan enfermos al trabajo por no tener días pagados por enfermedad. Bernie cree que esto es malo para los estadounidenses, y malo para la economía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":26,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es lo que hacen otros países?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, pongámoslo de esta forma: Estados Unidos es el único país desarrollado sin días de enfermedad pagados. Los estadounidenses también trabajan más que nadie en el mundo industrializado: trabajamos más horas, más fines de semana y tomamos menos vacaciones.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":60,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":138,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Observa la siguiente gráfica por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico — en ella se muestra que trabajamos más duro que los trabajadores en Japón, que son reconocidos por su productividad:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/paid-annual-leave-per-country-usa-none.jpg","type":"img","width":1313,"height":981},{"text":"Comencemos con el permiso familiar y los días de enfermedad pagados. ¿Por qué piensa Bernie que el tiempo libre pagado después del embarazo es tan importante?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie concuerda con la mayoría de los psicólogos en que las primeras semanas y meses de vida son inmensamente vitales para el desarrollo del infante. En un blog de junio de 2015, Bernie escribió:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":187,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Es una atrocidad que millones de mujeres en el país sean forzadas a trabajar justo después de dar a luz, sólo porque no tienen los ingresos necesarios para quedarse en casa con su recién nacido… Cuando una madre no puede pasar tiempo con su recién nacido durante las primeras semanas y meses de vida, eso no es un valor familiar.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Qué hay del permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros seres queridos? ¿Y cuando uno está enfermo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que el permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros familiares enfermos, y para recuperarnos cuando estamos enfermos, contribuye a una mayor felicidad y productividad.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eso es justo. No quiero trabajar cuando me siento enfermo, o cuando tengo a un recién nacido llorando, o cuando estoy preocupado por un familiar enfermo. ¿Qué está haciendo Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él está apoyando diversas medidas para que el permiso familiar, los días de enfermedad o las vacaciones pagadas sean disponibles para todos los trabajadores estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":17,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie es un co-patrocinador del proyecto de ley FAMILY, presentada en junio de 2015, la cual garantiza al menos doce semanas de permiso familiar o días de enfermedad pagados. Esta propuesta legislativa, de ser aprobada, permitiría a los trabajadores obtener permiso pagado después de un nacimiento, y para cuidar a un ser querido enfermo, o a ellos mismos si están enfermos. Él también apoya el proyecto de ley Familias Sanas, introducido en febrero de 2015, el cual podría garantizar siete días de enfermedad pagados al año a cada trabajador — una prestación que 43 millones de estadounidenses actualmente no poseen.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/ranking\/newsroom\/press\/murray-delauro-introduce-healthy-families-act","start":408,"end":426}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tengo vacaciones pagadas — así como mucha gente que conozco. ¿Cuántos estadounidenses actualmente no tienen vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ¡considérate privilegiado! Mira esta gráfica de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie con respecto a las vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie presentó una propuesta legislativa en junio de 2015 llamada Ley de Vacaciones Pagadas Garantizadas, la cual proveería 10 días de permiso pagado a cualquiera que haya trabajado por más de un año en un empresa que emplee al menos 15 personas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":67,"end":105}],"anchors":[{"name":"enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","point":247}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","type":"h2"},{"text":"La productividad de los trabajadores estadounidenses ha incrementado, y Bernie opina que no deben de ser explotados siendo forzados a trabajar más horas mientras siguen ganando salarios más bajos que nunca. Además de sus esfuerzos relacionados con los días de descanso pagados, Bernie está muy preocupado por el número de estadounidenses trabajadores que viven en pobreza, a pesar de trabajar muchas horas y tener varios empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuántas horas trabajamos en comparación al resto del mundo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a la OCDE, en 2013 los estadounidenses trabajaron 54 horas más al año que los japoneses, 119 horas más que los británicos, 299 horas más que los franceses y 245 hora más que los Alemanes. De acuerdo a esta encuesta de Gallup, el trabajador estadounidense promedio, con empleo de tiempo completo, trabaja más de 40 horas a la semana.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":217,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/average-number-hours-worked-in-usa.png","type":"img","width":549,"height":306},{"text":"Si los estadounidenses están trabajando tanto, ¿por qué hay tantos metidos en la pobreza?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un punto importante en la campaña de Bernie es su respuesta a esta pregunta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/apr\/30\/bernie-sanders-confirms-presidential-run-and-damns-americas-inequities","start":50,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo que hemos visto es que una persona común está trabajando más horas por salarios más bajos, estamos viendo un enorme incremento en desigualdad de ingresos y riquezas, lo que está alcanzando niveles grotescos. Esta es una economía distorsionada, que funciona para los ricos y poderosos y no está trabajando para el estadounidense ordinario.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, los estadounidenses están teniendo dificultades encontrando trabajos de tiempo completo, mientras que al mismo tiempo los trabajadores de medio tiempo son forzados a trabajar menos horas para que los negocios puedan contratar a más trabajadores sin tener que darles prestaciones. Todos estos factores forzan a los estadounidenses a trabajar dos o tres empleos para poder cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/more-americans-are-stuck-in-part-time-work\/2014\/07\/02\/2eefaa72-f7e7-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html","start":73,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un estudio de la Fundación Heritage, entre 1973 y 2012, la productividad ha subido un 100 por ciento mientras que el promedio salarial ha disminuido en un siete por ciento. Este cambio se ha dado como resultado de muchos factores, la mayoría de ellos escondidos detrás de la teoría económica del derrame.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2013\/07\/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","start":16,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/economics\/2009\/06\/30\/trickle-down-economics-fails-to-deliver-as-promised\/","start":288,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/productivity-vs-hours.gif","type":"img","width":600,"height":461},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué es lo que Bernie cree que podemos hacer por el trabajador estadounidense para salvarlo de la explotación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las propias palabras de Bernie en una declaración dada previo a las elecciones intermedias de noviembre de 2014 hablan por los trabajadores estadounidenses:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/we-need-a-political-revolution","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Nuestro trabajo es hacer una revolución política. Nuestro trabajo es educar y organizar para que la gente que trabaja luche por sus derechos y su dignidad — y que estén activamente participando en el proceso político. Cuando hagamos eso, cuando nos paremos juntos, ganaremos: Servicio médico para todos, una justa distribución de ganancias y riquezas, un programa de trabajos federal mayor, salarios más altos, revertir el calentamiento global y una reforma real de financiamiento para campañas.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Cuando nos rindamos y no participemos, perdemos. Y lo que veremos es el continuo colapso de la clase media y un incremento en la pobreza, cortes a la Seguridad Social y Medicare, una brecha que crece más entre los ricos y todos los demás, ningún incremento al salario mínimo, ningún esfuerzo para hacer los colegios costeables y una mayor devastación por el calentamiento global.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre sus planes para resolver la inequidad económica.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":46,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estoy buscando información sobre lo que Bernie ha hecho para apoyar a los trabajadores indocumentados y agrícolas.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él apoyó la Coalición de Trabajadores de Immokalee para acabar con las condiciones de explotación que se daba en los campos tomateros de Florida — que cubre tanto a indocumentados, como a agricultores. Pero probablemente estás buscando más que esto. Aprende más sobre lo que él ha hecho en las páginas de Inmigración, Derechos Hispanos y Agricultura.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":71,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":305,"end":316},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":318,"end":335},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":338,"end":349}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Parents","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-family\/bernie-sanders-on-parents\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15784751072_930e487bba_k-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15784751072_930e487bba_k.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Affordable Childcare & Universal Pre-K","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#affordable-childcare-and-early-childhood-education-for-all","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16308969343_50a8450661_k-e1438904305472-350x268.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16308969343_50a8450661_k-e1438904305472.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders Sobre los Derechos Laborales","type":"h1"},{"text":"En los últimos 40 años, la economía de Estados Unidos no ha funcionado para la mayoría de los trabajadores. Mientras que la productividad laboral ha incrementado, al igual que el costo de vida, el promedio de los salarios ha caído en relación a la inflación.","type":"p"},{"text":"Miles de empleos están bajo amenaza de ser enviados al extranjero, y muchos trabajadores estadounidenses se encuentran obligados a tener dos o tres empleos para cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes. 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana, muchos sin vacaciones pagadas o derecho a permisos de ausencia por enfermedad.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":274,"end":289}]},{"text":"Bernie Sanders ha luchado durante toda su carrera para mejorar las vidas de los trabajadores. Él es un líder en la lucha para incrementar el salario mínimo a $15, y opina que si la mayoría de los trabajadores deciden formar un sindicato en su lugar de empleo, deberían tener la capacidad de hacerlo. Bernie respalda los \"verdaderos valores familiares\" lo cual significa darle a los trabajadores el tiempo y los recursos para pasar tiempo de calidad con sus seres queridos, así como cuidar de ellos y de sí mismos cuando están enfermos.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":126,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":321,"end":350}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#sindicatos-y-cooperativas","label":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","description":"Debemos fomentar y apoyar a los sindicatos laborales y cooperativas de trabajadores."},{"href":"#mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","label":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","description":"Debemos oponernos a tratados comerciales desastrosos que exportan trabajos bien pagados."},{"href":"#cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","label":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","description":"Debemos fortalecer nuestra economía invirtiendo en el cuidado infantil y la educación temprana para permitir que nuestras madres y padres estén tranquilos al saber que sus niños están a salvo mientras ellos trabajan."},{"href":"#vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","label":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","description":"No debe haber duda de que a los padres se les debe permitir pasar tiempo en casa con sus recién nacidos. Los trabajadores enfermos deberían tener la garantía de que pueden quedarse en casa cuando no se sientan bien. Por otro lado, los empleadores deben de proveer a sus empleados un tiempo razonable de vacaciones, así las personas pueden descansar y recargar energías."},{"href":"#enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","label":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","description":"Ya fue suficiente. Necesitamos revertir esta tendencia de empleados trabajando por más horas y ganando salarios que son los menores en nuestra historia."}]},{"text":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","anchors":[{"name":"sindicatos-y-cooperativas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina que para poder reconstruir la clase media, tenemos que reconstruir el movimiento sindical estadounidense y expandir la propiedad y la participación de los empleados en la industria. Bernie tiene una calificación Pro-Sindicato de 100 por ciento por parte de la Federación Estadounidense del Trabajo y Congreso de Organizaciones Industriales (AFL-CIO, por sus siglas en inglés) y fue recientemente endosado por la Unión Nacional de Enfermeras.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":83,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/house\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Jobs","start":225,"end":256},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/08\/10\/bernie-sanders-wins-backing-of-national-nurses-union\/","start":409,"end":417}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un sindicato, y qué es un conflicto colectivo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un sindicato es un grupo de trabajadores legalmente reconocido que usa el conflicto colectivo  un proceso de negociación entre un empleador y un grupo de trabajadores enfocado en llegar a acuerdos que proporcionen seguridades básicas al empleado. Este acuerdo generalmente incluye el garantizar condiciones seguras en el trabajo, asegurarse de que todos los derechos de los trabajadores estén protegidos, garantizar la habilidad de negociar por mejores salarios, y permitir a los trabajadores tener una voz en el trabajo.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no vemos tantos sindicatos hoy en día?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante las últimas décadas el declive de la clase media ha reflejado la declinación de los trabajadores sindicalizados en Estados Unidos. Las grandes corporaciones y sus contrapartes cabildeadas en Washington, D.C. han atacado ferozmente los derechos a la organización y a la negociación colectiva de los miembros de sindicatos, tanto públicos como privados. Este acto hostil hacia los sindicatos laborales beneficia a las corporaciones multimillonarias, sus directores generales y sus inversionistas, no al trabajador común.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":85,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Abajo se encuentra una gráfica del Fondo de Acción del Centro para el Progreso Estadounidense (CAPAF, por sus siglas en inglés), mostrando cómo el declive de afiliación sindical ha ocurrido a la par con el encogimiento de la clase media.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":35,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/union-membership-rates.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"¿Qué opinan de Bernie los sindicatos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha recibido un increíble apoyo por parte de diversos sindicatos alrededor del país. De hecho, a lo largo de su carrera política, las 20 contribuciones más altas dadas a Bernie han provenido de sindicatos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/politicians\/contrib.php?cycle=Career&cid=n00000528&type=I","start":140,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En junio de 2015, el AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur aprobó una resolución apoyando su candidatura presidencial. Erin McKee, presidenta del AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur dijo en una conferencia de prensa: \"Desde hace mucho tiempo nadie ha dado la cara por la gente trabajadora y las uniones laborales como Bernie Sanders lo ha hecho\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/LocalUnionResolutionUrgingSupportforBernie2016.pdf","start":49,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-wins-south-carolina-labor-backing\/","start":176,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué políticas dirigidas a los trabajadores ha apoyado Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha luchado por los sindicatos en el Congreso y Senado desde hace mucho tiempo. En su primer término en el Congreso en 1992, Bernie introdujo el proyecto de ley Democracia en el Trabajo (Workplace Democracy Act), un proyecto de ley integral diseñado para empoderar a los sindicatos para facilitar su organización la negociación con sus empleadores. Él nunca abandonó la propuesta, y aunque ésta enfrentó fuerte oposición republicana él la ha presentado cada dos años, por más de una década.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":439,"end":472}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Recientemente, Bernie votó por el proyecto de ley para Permitir la Negociación Colectiva a los Oficiales de Seguridad Pública, el cual exigió a la Autoridad Federal de Relaciones Laborales hacer valer la habilidad de los oficiales de seguridad pública para participar en la negociación colectiva. Él también votó en contra de una enmienda de 2011, que acabaría con los derechos de negociación colectiva para los empleados de la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":34,"end":125},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":330,"end":346}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído a Bernie mencionar cooperativas de empleados, ¿que es eso?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las cooperativas laborales son negocios cuyos propietarios son los mismos trabajadores. Los empleados invierten en el negocio y sus decisiones son todas democráticas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Eso realmente funciona?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay muchos casos exitosos de empresas cooperativas, pero también algunos fracasos como cualquier otro tipo de negocio. Con muy pocas empresas cooperativas en todo el país, no hay mucha información disponible, pero  estudios sugieren que hasta ahora, las cooperativas son al menos tan productivas como otros negocios tradicionales similares. Bernie apoya las cooperativas porque, al igual que los sindicatos, les dan a los trabajados una mayor influencia sobre sus vidas laborales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":4,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":214,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Sencillamente, cuando los empleados poseen una parte de su compañía, ellos no exportarán sus propios empleos a China para intentar incrementar sus ganancias\", Sanders dijo. \"Ellos serán más productivos. Y obtendrán una mejor calidad de vida.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha tratado Bernie de promover las cooperativas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2014, Bernie introdujo dos proyectos de ley que buscaban proveer préstamos y apoyo general para empresas cooperativas: el proyecto de Ley del Banco Estadounidense para la Propiedad del Trabajador y el proyecto de Ley para la Propiedad, Preparación y Conocimiento del Trabajador.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/summary","start":137,"end":198},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":216,"end":280}],"anchors":[{"name":"mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","point":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie ha sido un líder en el Congreso, luchando contra los tratados de libre comercio. Desde su punto de vista, estos acuerdos han enviado al extranjero una cantidad masiva de empleos bien pagados y han causado el cierre de decenas de miles de fábricas en todo de nuestro país.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un tratado comercial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los acuerdos comerciales son pactos entre países sobre tarifas, aranceles y comercio — en otras palabras, sobre cómo se realizarán los negocios entre los países que firman el acuerdo. Estos pactos suelen incluir algún tipo de inversión, siendo la más común de ellas el acuerdo de libre comercio o preferencial, cuyo objetivo es reducir o eliminar por completo los aranceles, las cuotas y otros tipos de restricciones entre los signatarios.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué está Bernie en contra de la mayoría de los acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él opina que los acuerdos como NAFTA, RCNP con China y el Acuerdo de Comercio con Corea han permitido que muchos empleos estadounidenses se hayan enviado al extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":31,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":38,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":58,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lee lo que Bernie dijo en mayo de 2015 en un editorial publicado por el Huffington Post:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":45,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Desde 2001, casi 60,000 fábricas en este país han cerrado y hemos perdido más de 4.7 millones de empleos en el sector industrial que pagaban salarios decentes. El NAFTA ha provocado la pérdida de casi 700,000 trabajos. El PNTR con China, 2.7 millones de empleos. Nuestro acuerdo comercial con Corea del Sur ha provocado la pérdida de casi 75,000 empleos. Los acuerdos comerciales malos no son la única razón por la cual los trabajos industriales en Estados Unidos han decrecido, pero son factores importantes.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Ha estado él siempre en contra de estos acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha estado en contra de estos acuerdos toda su carrera política. Dirígete a nuestra página de Comercio para ver muchos más ejemplos, pero por ahora, echa un corto vistazo:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":90,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cómicamente, Bernie puso a sus compañeros Representantes en la mira cuando introdujo un proyecto de ley que dijo que ― si el NAFTA entra en vigor — los miembros del Congreso tendrían que reducir sus propios sueldos para competir con los políticos de México. Aquí aparece Bernie, presentando el proyecto de ley:","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I0XIgEK6heM?rel=0","id":"I0XIgEK6heM"},{"text":"El comercio ha estado en las noticias últimamente. ¿Qué está pasando ahora?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ese es el TPP, o Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica. Es un acuerdo comercial masivo entre muchos países alrededor del Océano Pacífico, que involucra a 650 millones de personas. Estos países incluyen Australia, Canadá, Chile, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Vietnam. Estos países tendrían la capacidad de comerciar entre sí mucho más libremente, sin tener que pagar fuertes tarifas al gobierno para trasladar mercancía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-21782080","start":24,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"¿Qué hay de malo sobre bajar las barreras para comerciar?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Todos los demás acuerdos comerciales han tenido resultados desastrosos para los trabajadores estadounidenses, así que no hay razón para esperar algo diferente esta vez. Además, hay unas partes del TPP que le permitirían a las empresas presentar demandas contra un gobierno por causar daños a sus ganancias. Esto podría ser fácilmente explotado para inhibir la capacidad de los gobiernos de mantener la seguridad de sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. Lo más alarmante es que las demandas serían juzgadas y decididas por abogados corporativos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/2015\/02\/25\/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html","start":181,"end":200},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2015\/03\/26\/people-are-freaking-out-about-the-trans-pacific-partnerships-investor-dispute-settlement-system-why-should-you-care\/","start":495,"end":541}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Que ha dicho Bernie acerca del TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está liderando un movimiento en contra del TPP. En una declaración él dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":62,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: el TPP es mucho más que un acuerdo de 'libre comercio'. Es parte de la carrera mundial hacia el abismo para aumentar las ganancias de empresas grandes y de Wall Street, enviando trabajos al extranjero; debilitando los derechos de los trabajadores; desmantelando las leyes laborales, ambientales, financieras, alimentarias y de salud; y permitiendo a las empresas desafiar nuestras leyes en tribunales internacionales en vez de en nuestro propio sistema judicial.\"","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J-fawXeTxlE","id":"J-fawXeTxlE"},{"text":"¿Como propone Bernie conservar empleos en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha presentado la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense al Senado, la cual crearía más de 13 millones de empleos bien remunerados invirtiendo $1 billón en nuestra desmoronada infraestructura. Se financiaría con la eliminación de vacíos fiscales y de paraísos fiscales corporativos en el extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":24,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre el tema visitando la página de cuestiones sobre Infraestructura o la página de cuestiones sobre Comercio.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":49,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":97,"end":122}],"anchors":[{"name":"cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","point":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Vivimos en un país donde el 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y el 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana. Hoy en día, los padres de familia pasan menos tiempo en casa y los niños pasan más tiempo a solas. Bernie cree que deberíamos ofrecer cuidado infantil y educación temprana para todos los estadounidenses, para que los padres puedan ser más productivos y sus hijos tengan más oportunidades de salir adelante.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":28,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie quiere cuidado infantil asequibles y de mayor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En su Agenda Económica para Estados Unidos, Bernie afirma:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":6,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase trabajadora no pueden encontrar el cuidado infantil accesible y de calidad que sus niños necesitan. La educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil hasta la educación superior debe ser accesible para todos. Sin un sistema de educación de calidad y accesible, no podremos competir a nivel internacional y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Dado que la mayoría de los padres estadounidenses no pueden permitirse una ausencia de trabajo, es esencial que haya acceso a cuidado infantil accesible en el que las familias puedan confiar. De acuerdo a un reporte de 2012 por parte de Child Care Aware, en la mayor parte del país el cuidado infantil es más caro que el costo de la colegiatura en universidades públicas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":208,"end":215}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras hablaba en una mesa redonda con la fundación Every Child Matters Education Fund, Bernie llamó a nuestro sistema de cuidado infantil \"un desastre\". Bernie propuso la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito en 2011 para ayudar a resolver estos retrasos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":174,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opina que es importante invertir en educación temprana.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque su propuesta legislativa de pre-kindergarten no fue aprobada en 2011, como candidato presidencial, Bernie está buscando aprobación para su propuesta una vez más. Durante un evento de su campaña en Iowa en julio de 2015, Bernie dijo que no apoyar tal idea es el equivalente a \"Dar[le] la espalda a los niños\" y es \"deshonroso\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":118,"end":142},{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":234,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Para poder pagar por pre-kindergarten universal (así como colegiatura gratuita en todas las universidades públicas), Bernie propone aplicar impuestos a la especulación en Wall Street. Un economista del Centro de Prioridades de Presupuesto y Política escribió en el New York Times un artículo de opinión analizando la propuesta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-05-18\/bernie-sanders-wants-to-tax-stock-trades-to-pay-for-free-college","start":49,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":250,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Un diminuto impuesto de un punto base (un 'punto base' es una centésima de un punto porcentual, o 0.01 por ciento) recaudaría $185 mil millones de dólares en 10 años, de acuerdo a un nuevo estimado realizado por el no-partidista Centro de Política Tributaria. Esto sería suficiente para financiar una ambiciosa expansión de programas de pre-kindergarten para niños de 3 y 4 años y restaurar el financiamiento de asistencia universitaria para estudiantes de bajos recursos.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre las propuestas de Bernie en la página de Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":46,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo nos comparamos con el resto del mundo en lo que respecta a la educación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un reporte por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico, Estados Unidos está en el lugar 33 de 36 naciones en lectoescritura, en el lugar 27° en matemáticas, 22° en ciencias y 18° en educación secundaria.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Lee más acerca del historial de Bernie en cuanto a cuidado infantil asequible y su lucha para dar mayor acceso a la educación en la página de Asistencia Pública y Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":142,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":163,"end":172}],"anchors":[{"name":"vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","point":173}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","type":"h2"},{"text":"Hoy en día, cuando la vasta mayoría de las mujeres estadounidenses dan a luz, tienen que regresar casi de inmediato al trabajo porque no pueden darse el lujo de tomar un descanso. Y un permiso familiar pagado para padres que desean pasar más tiempo con sus recién nacidos es aún más incomún. Como Bernie dice, esto es exactamente lo opuesto a \"valores familiares\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":304,"end":308}],"type":"p"},{"text":"También, muchos empleados se presentan enfermos al trabajo por no tener días pagados por enfermedad. Bernie cree que esto es malo para los estadounidenses, y malo para la economía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":26,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es lo que hacen otros países?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, pongámoslo de esta forma: Estados Unidos es el único país desarrollado sin días de enfermedad pagados. Los estadounidenses también trabajan más que nadie en el mundo industrializado: trabajamos más horas, más fines de semana y tomamos menos vacaciones.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":60,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":138,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Observa la siguiente gráfica por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico — en ella se muestra que trabajamos más duro que los trabajadores en Japón, que son reconocidos por su productividad:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/paid-annual-leave-per-country-usa-none.jpg","type":"img","width":1313,"height":981},{"text":"Comencemos con el permiso familiar y los días de enfermedad pagados. ¿Por qué piensa Bernie que el tiempo libre pagado después del embarazo es tan importante?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie concuerda con la mayoría de los psicólogos en que las primeras semanas y meses de vida son inmensamente vitales para el desarrollo del infante. En un blog de junio de 2015, Bernie escribió:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":187,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Es una atrocidad que millones de mujeres en el país sean forzadas a trabajar justo después de dar a luz, sólo porque no tienen los ingresos necesarios para quedarse en casa con su recién nacido… Cuando una madre no puede pasar tiempo con su recién nacido durante las primeras semanas y meses de vida, eso no es un valor familiar.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Qué hay del permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros seres queridos? ¿Y cuando uno está enfermo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que el permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros familiares enfermos, y para recuperarnos cuando estamos enfermos, contribuye a una mayor felicidad y productividad.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eso es justo. No quiero trabajar cuando me siento enfermo, o cuando tengo a un recién nacido llorando, o cuando estoy preocupado por un familiar enfermo. ¿Qué está haciendo Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él está apoyando diversas medidas para que el permiso familiar, los días de enfermedad o las vacaciones pagadas sean disponibles para todos los trabajadores estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":17,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie es un co-patrocinador del proyecto de ley FAMILY, presentada en junio de 2015, la cual garantiza al menos doce semanas de permiso familiar o días de enfermedad pagados. Esta propuesta legislativa, de ser aprobada, permitiría a los trabajadores obtener permiso pagado después de un nacimiento, y para cuidar a un ser querido enfermo, o a ellos mismos si están enfermos. Él también apoya el proyecto de ley Familias Sanas, introducido en febrero de 2015, el cual podría garantizar siete días de enfermedad pagados al año a cada trabajador — una prestación que 43 millones de estadounidenses actualmente no poseen.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/ranking\/newsroom\/press\/murray-delauro-introduce-healthy-families-act","start":408,"end":426}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tengo vacaciones pagadas — así como mucha gente que conozco. ¿Cuántos estadounidenses actualmente no tienen vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ¡considérate privilegiado! Mira esta gráfica de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie con respecto a las vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie presentó una propuesta legislativa en junio de 2015 llamada Ley de Vacaciones Pagadas Garantizadas, la cual proveería 10 días de permiso pagado a cualquiera que haya trabajado por más de un año en un empresa que emplee al menos 15 personas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":67,"end":105}],"anchors":[{"name":"enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","point":247}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","type":"h2"},{"text":"La productividad de los trabajadores estadounidenses ha incrementado, y Bernie opina que no deben de ser explotados siendo forzados a trabajar más horas mientras siguen ganando salarios más bajos que nunca. Además de sus esfuerzos relacionados con los días de descanso pagados, Bernie está muy preocupado por el número de estadounidenses trabajadores que viven en pobreza, a pesar de trabajar muchas horas y tener varios empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuántas horas trabajamos en comparación al resto del mundo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a la OCDE, en 2013 los estadounidenses trabajaron 54 horas más al año que los japoneses, 119 horas más que los británicos, 299 horas más que los franceses y 245 hora más que los Alemanes. De acuerdo a esta encuesta de Gallup, el trabajador estadounidense promedio, con empleo de tiempo completo, trabaja más de 40 horas a la semana.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":217,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/average-number-hours-worked-in-usa.png","type":"img","width":549,"height":306},{"text":"Si los estadounidenses están trabajando tanto, ¿por qué hay tantos metidos en la pobreza?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un punto importante en la campaña de Bernie es su respuesta a esta pregunta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/apr\/30\/bernie-sanders-confirms-presidential-run-and-damns-americas-inequities","start":50,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo que hemos visto es que una persona común está trabajando más horas por salarios más bajos, estamos viendo un enorme incremento en desigualdad de ingresos y riquezas, lo que está alcanzando niveles grotescos. Esta es una economía distorsionada, que funciona para los ricos y poderosos y no está trabajando para el estadounidense ordinario.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, los estadounidenses están teniendo dificultades encontrando trabajos de tiempo completo, mientras que al mismo tiempo los trabajadores de medio tiempo son forzados a trabajar menos horas para que los negocios puedan contratar a más trabajadores sin tener que darles prestaciones. Todos estos factores forzan a los estadounidenses a trabajar dos o tres empleos para poder cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/more-americans-are-stuck-in-part-time-work\/2014\/07\/02\/2eefaa72-f7e7-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html","start":73,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un estudio de la Fundación Heritage, entre 1973 y 2012, la productividad ha subido un 100 por ciento mientras que el promedio salarial ha disminuido en un siete por ciento. Este cambio se ha dado como resultado de muchos factores, la mayoría de ellos escondidos detrás de la teoría económica del derrame.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2013\/07\/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","start":16,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/economics\/2009\/06\/30\/trickle-down-economics-fails-to-deliver-as-promised\/","start":288,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/productivity-vs-hours.gif","type":"img","width":600,"height":461},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué es lo que Bernie cree que podemos hacer por el trabajador estadounidense para salvarlo de la explotación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las propias palabras de Bernie en una declaración dada previo a las elecciones intermedias de noviembre de 2014 hablan por los trabajadores estadounidenses:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/we-need-a-political-revolution","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Nuestro trabajo es hacer una revolución política. Nuestro trabajo es educar y organizar para que la gente que trabaja luche por sus derechos y su dignidad — y que estén activamente participando en el proceso político. Cuando hagamos eso, cuando nos paremos juntos, ganaremos: Servicio médico para todos, una justa distribución de ganancias y riquezas, un programa de trabajos federal mayor, salarios más altos, revertir el calentamiento global y una reforma real de financiamiento para campañas.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Cuando nos rindamos y no participemos, perdemos. Y lo que veremos es el continuo colapso de la clase media y un incremento en la pobreza, cortes a la Seguridad Social y Medicare, una brecha que crece más entre los ricos y todos los demás, ningún incremento al salario mínimo, ningún esfuerzo para hacer los colegios costeables y una mayor devastación por el calentamiento global.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre sus planes para resolver la inequidad económica.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":46,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estoy buscando información sobre lo que Bernie ha hecho para apoyar a los trabajadores indocumentados y agrícolas.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él apoyó la Coalición de Trabajadores de Immokalee para acabar con las condiciones de explotación que se daba en los campos tomateros de Florida — que cubre tanto a indocumentados, como a agricultores. Pero probablemente estás buscando más que esto. Aprende más sobre lo que él ha hecho en las páginas de Inmigración, Derechos Hispanos y Agricultura.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":71,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":305,"end":316},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":318,"end":335},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":338,"end":349}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Paid Time Off","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6041922050_bf1bf1f608_b-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6041922050_bf1bf1f608_b.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders Sobre los Derechos Laborales","type":"h1"},{"text":"En los últimos 40 años, la economía de Estados Unidos no ha funcionado para la mayoría de los trabajadores. Mientras que la productividad laboral ha incrementado, al igual que el costo de vida, el promedio de los salarios ha caído en relación a la inflación.","type":"p"},{"text":"Miles de empleos están bajo amenaza de ser enviados al extranjero, y muchos trabajadores estadounidenses se encuentran obligados a tener dos o tres empleos para cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes. 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana, muchos sin vacaciones pagadas o derecho a permisos de ausencia por enfermedad.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":274,"end":289}]},{"text":"Bernie Sanders ha luchado durante toda su carrera para mejorar las vidas de los trabajadores. Él es un líder en la lucha para incrementar el salario mínimo a $15, y opina que si la mayoría de los trabajadores deciden formar un sindicato en su lugar de empleo, deberían tener la capacidad de hacerlo. Bernie respalda los \"verdaderos valores familiares\" lo cual significa darle a los trabajadores el tiempo y los recursos para pasar tiempo de calidad con sus seres queridos, así como cuidar de ellos y de sí mismos cuando están enfermos.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":126,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":321,"end":350}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#sindicatos-y-cooperativas","label":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","description":"Debemos fomentar y apoyar a los sindicatos laborales y cooperativas de trabajadores."},{"href":"#mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","label":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","description":"Debemos oponernos a tratados comerciales desastrosos que exportan trabajos bien pagados."},{"href":"#cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","label":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","description":"Debemos fortalecer nuestra economía invirtiendo en el cuidado infantil y la educación temprana para permitir que nuestras madres y padres estén tranquilos al saber que sus niños están a salvo mientras ellos trabajan."},{"href":"#vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","label":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","description":"No debe haber duda de que a los padres se les debe permitir pasar tiempo en casa con sus recién nacidos. Los trabajadores enfermos deberían tener la garantía de que pueden quedarse en casa cuando no se sientan bien. Por otro lado, los empleadores deben de proveer a sus empleados un tiempo razonable de vacaciones, así las personas pueden descansar y recargar energías."},{"href":"#enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","label":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","description":"Ya fue suficiente. Necesitamos revertir esta tendencia de empleados trabajando por más horas y ganando salarios que son los menores en nuestra historia."}]},{"text":"Sindicatos y Cooperativas","anchors":[{"name":"sindicatos-y-cooperativas","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina que para poder reconstruir la clase media, tenemos que reconstruir el movimiento sindical estadounidense y expandir la propiedad y la participación de los empleados en la industria. Bernie tiene una calificación Pro-Sindicato de 100 por ciento por parte de la Federación Estadounidense del Trabajo y Congreso de Organizaciones Industriales (AFL-CIO, por sus siglas en inglés) y fue recientemente endosado por la Unión Nacional de Enfermeras.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":83,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/house\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Jobs","start":225,"end":256},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/08\/10\/bernie-sanders-wins-backing-of-national-nurses-union\/","start":409,"end":417}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un sindicato, y qué es un conflicto colectivo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un sindicato es un grupo de trabajadores legalmente reconocido que usa el conflicto colectivo  un proceso de negociación entre un empleador y un grupo de trabajadores enfocado en llegar a acuerdos que proporcionen seguridades básicas al empleado. Este acuerdo generalmente incluye el garantizar condiciones seguras en el trabajo, asegurarse de que todos los derechos de los trabajadores estén protegidos, garantizar la habilidad de negociar por mejores salarios, y permitir a los trabajadores tener una voz en el trabajo.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué no vemos tantos sindicatos hoy en día?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante las últimas décadas el declive de la clase media ha reflejado la declinación de los trabajadores sindicalizados en Estados Unidos. Las grandes corporaciones y sus contrapartes cabildeadas en Washington, D.C. han atacado ferozmente los derechos a la organización y a la negociación colectiva de los miembros de sindicatos, tanto públicos como privados. Este acto hostil hacia los sindicatos laborales beneficia a las corporaciones multimillonarias, sus directores generales y sus inversionistas, no al trabajador común.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":85,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Abajo se encuentra una gráfica del Fondo de Acción del Centro para el Progreso Estadounidense (CAPAF, por sus siglas en inglés), mostrando cómo el declive de afiliación sindical ha ocurrido a la par con el encogimiento de la clase media.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":35,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/union-membership-rates.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"¿Qué opinan de Bernie los sindicatos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha recibido un increíble apoyo por parte de diversos sindicatos alrededor del país. De hecho, a lo largo de su carrera política, las 20 contribuciones más altas dadas a Bernie han provenido de sindicatos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/politicians\/contrib.php?cycle=Career&cid=n00000528&type=I","start":140,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En junio de 2015, el AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur aprobó una resolución apoyando su candidatura presidencial. Erin McKee, presidenta del AFL-CIO de Carolina del Sur dijo en una conferencia de prensa: \"Desde hace mucho tiempo nadie ha dado la cara por la gente trabajadora y las uniones laborales como Bernie Sanders lo ha hecho\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/LocalUnionResolutionUrgingSupportforBernie2016.pdf","start":49,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/press-release\/sanders-wins-south-carolina-labor-backing\/","start":176,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué políticas dirigidas a los trabajadores ha apoyado Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha luchado por los sindicatos en el Congreso y Senado desde hace mucho tiempo. En su primer término en el Congreso en 1992, Bernie introdujo el proyecto de ley Democracia en el Trabajo (Workplace Democracy Act), un proyecto de ley integral diseñado para empoderar a los sindicatos para facilitar su organización la negociación con sus empleadores. Él nunca abandonó la propuesta, y aunque ésta enfrentó fuerte oposición republicana él la ha presentado cada dos años, por más de una década.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":167,"end":191},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":439,"end":472}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Recientemente, Bernie votó por el proyecto de ley para Permitir la Negociación Colectiva a los Oficiales de Seguridad Pública, el cual exigió a la Autoridad Federal de Relaciones Laborales hacer valer la habilidad de los oficiales de seguridad pública para participar en la negociación colectiva. Él también votó en contra de una enmienda de 2011, que acabaría con los derechos de negociación colectiva para los empleados de la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":34,"end":125},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":330,"end":346}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído a Bernie mencionar cooperativas de empleados, ¿que es eso?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las cooperativas laborales son negocios cuyos propietarios son los mismos trabajadores. Los empleados invierten en el negocio y sus decisiones son todas democráticas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Eso realmente funciona?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay muchos casos exitosos de empresas cooperativas, pero también algunos fracasos como cualquier otro tipo de negocio. Con muy pocas empresas cooperativas en todo el país, no hay mucha información disponible, pero  estudios sugieren que hasta ahora, las cooperativas son al menos tan productivas como otros negocios tradicionales similares. Bernie apoya las cooperativas porque, al igual que los sindicatos, les dan a los trabajados una mayor influencia sobre sus vidas laborales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":4,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":214,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Sencillamente, cuando los empleados poseen una parte de su compañía, ellos no exportarán sus propios empleos a China para intentar incrementar sus ganancias\", Sanders dijo. \"Ellos serán más productivos. Y obtendrán una mejor calidad de vida.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha tratado Bernie de promover las cooperativas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2014, Bernie introdujo dos proyectos de ley que buscaban proveer préstamos y apoyo general para empresas cooperativas: el proyecto de Ley del Banco Estadounidense para la Propiedad del Trabajador y el proyecto de Ley para la Propiedad, Preparación y Conocimiento del Trabajador.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/summary","start":137,"end":198},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":216,"end":280}],"anchors":[{"name":"mantener-trabajos-en-estados-unidos","point":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mantener Trabajos en Estados Unidos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie ha sido un líder en el Congreso, luchando contra los tratados de libre comercio. Desde su punto de vista, estos acuerdos han enviado al extranjero una cantidad masiva de empleos bien pagados y han causado el cierre de decenas de miles de fábricas en todo de nuestro país.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un tratado comercial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los acuerdos comerciales son pactos entre países sobre tarifas, aranceles y comercio — en otras palabras, sobre cómo se realizarán los negocios entre los países que firman el acuerdo. Estos pactos suelen incluir algún tipo de inversión, siendo la más común de ellas el acuerdo de libre comercio o preferencial, cuyo objetivo es reducir o eliminar por completo los aranceles, las cuotas y otros tipos de restricciones entre los signatarios.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué está Bernie en contra de la mayoría de los acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él opina que los acuerdos como NAFTA, RCNP con China y el Acuerdo de Comercio con Corea han permitido que muchos empleos estadounidenses se hayan enviado al extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":31,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":38,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":58,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Lee lo que Bernie dijo en mayo de 2015 en un editorial publicado por el Huffington Post:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":45,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Desde 2001, casi 60,000 fábricas en este país han cerrado y hemos perdido más de 4.7 millones de empleos en el sector industrial que pagaban salarios decentes. El NAFTA ha provocado la pérdida de casi 700,000 trabajos. El PNTR con China, 2.7 millones de empleos. Nuestro acuerdo comercial con Corea del Sur ha provocado la pérdida de casi 75,000 empleos. Los acuerdos comerciales malos no son la única razón por la cual los trabajos industriales en Estados Unidos han decrecido, pero son factores importantes.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Ha estado él siempre en contra de estos acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha estado en contra de estos acuerdos toda su carrera política. Dirígete a nuestra página de Comercio para ver muchos más ejemplos, pero por ahora, echa un corto vistazo:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":90,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cómicamente, Bernie puso a sus compañeros Representantes en la mira cuando introdujo un proyecto de ley que dijo que ― si el NAFTA entra en vigor — los miembros del Congreso tendrían que reducir sus propios sueldos para competir con los políticos de México. Aquí aparece Bernie, presentando el proyecto de ley:","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I0XIgEK6heM?rel=0","id":"I0XIgEK6heM"},{"text":"El comercio ha estado en las noticias últimamente. ¿Qué está pasando ahora?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ese es el TPP, o Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica. Es un acuerdo comercial masivo entre muchos países alrededor del Océano Pacífico, que involucra a 650 millones de personas. Estos países incluyen Australia, Canadá, Chile, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Vietnam. Estos países tendrían la capacidad de comerciar entre sí mucho más libremente, sin tener que pagar fuertes tarifas al gobierno para trasladar mercancía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-21782080","start":24,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"¿Qué hay de malo sobre bajar las barreras para comerciar?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Todos los demás acuerdos comerciales han tenido resultados desastrosos para los trabajadores estadounidenses, así que no hay razón para esperar algo diferente esta vez. Además, hay unas partes del TPP que le permitirían a las empresas presentar demandas contra un gobierno por causar daños a sus ganancias. Esto podría ser fácilmente explotado para inhibir la capacidad de los gobiernos de mantener la seguridad de sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. Lo más alarmante es que las demandas serían juzgadas y decididas por abogados corporativos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/2015\/02\/25\/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html","start":181,"end":200},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2015\/03\/26\/people-are-freaking-out-about-the-trans-pacific-partnerships-investor-dispute-settlement-system-why-should-you-care\/","start":495,"end":541}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Que ha dicho Bernie acerca del TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está liderando un movimiento en contra del TPP. En una declaración él dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":62,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: el TPP es mucho más que un acuerdo de 'libre comercio'. Es parte de la carrera mundial hacia el abismo para aumentar las ganancias de empresas grandes y de Wall Street, enviando trabajos al extranjero; debilitando los derechos de los trabajadores; desmantelando las leyes laborales, ambientales, financieras, alimentarias y de salud; y permitiendo a las empresas desafiar nuestras leyes en tribunales internacionales en vez de en nuestro propio sistema judicial.\"","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J-fawXeTxlE","id":"J-fawXeTxlE"},{"text":"¿Como propone Bernie conservar empleos en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha presentado la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense al Senado, la cual crearía más de 13 millones de empleos bien remunerados invirtiendo $1 billón en nuestra desmoronada infraestructura. Se financiaría con la eliminación de vacíos fiscales y de paraísos fiscales corporativos en el extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":24,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre el tema visitando la página de cuestiones sobre Infraestructura o la página de cuestiones sobre Comercio.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":49,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":97,"end":122}],"anchors":[{"name":"cuidado-infantil-asequible-y-educación-temprana-para-todos","point":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil Asequible y Educación Temprana para Todos","type":"h2"},{"text":"Vivimos en un país donde el 66.5 por ciento de las mujeres y el 85.8 por ciento de los hombres están trabajando más de 40 horas a la semana. Hoy en día, los padres de familia pasan menos tiempo en casa y los niños pasan más tiempo a solas. Bernie cree que deberíamos ofrecer cuidado infantil y educación temprana para todos los estadounidenses, para que los padres puedan ser más productivos y sus hijos tengan más oportunidades de salir adelante.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":28,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie quiere cuidado infantil asequibles y de mayor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En su Agenda Económica para Estados Unidos, Bernie afirma:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":6,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase trabajadora no pueden encontrar el cuidado infantil accesible y de calidad que sus niños necesitan. La educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil hasta la educación superior debe ser accesible para todos. Sin un sistema de educación de calidad y accesible, no podremos competir a nivel internacional y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Dado que la mayoría de los padres estadounidenses no pueden permitirse una ausencia de trabajo, es esencial que haya acceso a cuidado infantil accesible en el que las familias puedan confiar. De acuerdo a un reporte de 2012 por parte de Child Care Aware, en la mayor parte del país el cuidado infantil es más caro que el costo de la colegiatura en universidades públicas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":208,"end":215}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras hablaba en una mesa redonda con la fundación Every Child Matters Education Fund, Bernie llamó a nuestro sistema de cuidado infantil \"un desastre\". Bernie propuso la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito en 2011 para ayudar a resolver estos retrasos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":174,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opina que es importante invertir en educación temprana.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque su propuesta legislativa de pre-kindergarten no fue aprobada en 2011, como candidato presidencial, Bernie está buscando aprobación para su propuesta una vez más. Durante un evento de su campaña en Iowa en julio de 2015, Bernie dijo que no apoyar tal idea es el equivalente a \"Dar[le] la espalda a los niños\" y es \"deshonroso\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":118,"end":142},{"href":"http:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":234,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Para poder pagar por pre-kindergarten universal (así como colegiatura gratuita en todas las universidades públicas), Bernie propone aplicar impuestos a la especulación en Wall Street. Un economista del Centro de Prioridades de Presupuesto y Política escribió en el New York Times un artículo de opinión analizando la propuesta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-05-18\/bernie-sanders-wants-to-tax-stock-trades-to-pay-for-free-college","start":49,"end":114},{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":250,"end":258}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Un diminuto impuesto de un punto base (un 'punto base' es una centésima de un punto porcentual, o 0.01 por ciento) recaudaría $185 mil millones de dólares en 10 años, de acuerdo a un nuevo estimado realizado por el no-partidista Centro de Política Tributaria. Esto sería suficiente para financiar una ambiciosa expansión de programas de pre-kindergarten para niños de 3 y 4 años y restaurar el financiamiento de asistencia universitaria para estudiantes de bajos recursos.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre las propuestas de Bernie en la página de Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":46,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo nos comparamos con el resto del mundo en lo que respecta a la educación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un reporte por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico, Estados Unidos está en el lugar 33 de 36 naciones en lectoescritura, en el lugar 27° en matemáticas, 22° en ciencias y 18° en educación secundaria.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Lee más acerca del historial de Bernie en cuanto a cuidado infantil asequible y su lucha para dar mayor acceso a la educación en la página de Asistencia Pública y Educación.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":142,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":163,"end":172}],"anchors":[{"name":"vacaciones-permiso-familiar-y-permiso-por-enfermedad-pagados","point":173}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vacaciones, Permiso Familiar, y Permiso por Enfermedad Pagados","type":"h2"},{"text":"Hoy en día, cuando la vasta mayoría de las mujeres estadounidenses dan a luz, tienen que regresar casi de inmediato al trabajo porque no pueden darse el lujo de tomar un descanso. Y un permiso familiar pagado para padres que desean pasar más tiempo con sus recién nacidos es aún más incomún. Como Bernie dice, esto es exactamente lo opuesto a \"valores familiares\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":304,"end":308}],"type":"p"},{"text":"También, muchos empleados se presentan enfermos al trabajo por no tener días pagados por enfermedad. Bernie cree que esto es malo para los estadounidenses, y malo para la economía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":26,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es lo que hacen otros países?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, pongámoslo de esta forma: Estados Unidos es el único país desarrollado sin días de enfermedad pagados. Los estadounidenses también trabajan más que nadie en el mundo industrializado: trabajamos más horas, más fines de semana y tomamos menos vacaciones.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":60,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":138,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Observa la siguiente gráfica por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico — en ella se muestra que trabajamos más duro que los trabajadores en Japón, que son reconocidos por su productividad:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/paid-annual-leave-per-country-usa-none.jpg","type":"img","width":1313,"height":981},{"text":"Comencemos con el permiso familiar y los días de enfermedad pagados. ¿Por qué piensa Bernie que el tiempo libre pagado después del embarazo es tan importante?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie concuerda con la mayoría de los psicólogos en que las primeras semanas y meses de vida son inmensamente vitales para el desarrollo del infante. En un blog de junio de 2015, Bernie escribió:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":187,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Es una atrocidad que millones de mujeres en el país sean forzadas a trabajar justo después de dar a luz, sólo porque no tienen los ingresos necesarios para quedarse en casa con su recién nacido… Cuando una madre no puede pasar tiempo con su recién nacido durante las primeras semanas y meses de vida, eso no es un valor familiar.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Qué hay del permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros seres queridos? ¿Y cuando uno está enfermo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido de que el permiso pagado para poder cuidar de nuestros familiares enfermos, y para recuperarnos cuando estamos enfermos, contribuye a una mayor felicidad y productividad.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eso es justo. No quiero trabajar cuando me siento enfermo, o cuando tengo a un recién nacido llorando, o cuando estoy preocupado por un familiar enfermo. ¿Qué está haciendo Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él está apoyando diversas medidas para que el permiso familiar, los días de enfermedad o las vacaciones pagadas sean disponibles para todos los trabajadores estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":17,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie es un co-patrocinador del proyecto de ley FAMILY, presentada en junio de 2015, la cual garantiza al menos doce semanas de permiso familiar o días de enfermedad pagados. Esta propuesta legislativa, de ser aprobada, permitiría a los trabajadores obtener permiso pagado después de un nacimiento, y para cuidar a un ser querido enfermo, o a ellos mismos si están enfermos. Él también apoya el proyecto de ley Familias Sanas, introducido en febrero de 2015, el cual podría garantizar siete días de enfermedad pagados al año a cada trabajador — una prestación que 43 millones de estadounidenses actualmente no poseen.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":45,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/ranking\/newsroom\/press\/murray-delauro-introduce-healthy-families-act","start":408,"end":426}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tengo vacaciones pagadas — así como mucha gente que conozco. ¿Cuántos estadounidenses actualmente no tienen vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, ¡considérate privilegiado! Mira esta gráfica de la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales:","type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie con respecto a las vacaciones pagadas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie presentó una propuesta legislativa en junio de 2015 llamada Ley de Vacaciones Pagadas Garantizadas, la cual proveería 10 días de permiso pagado a cualquiera que haya trabajado por más de un año en un empresa que emplee al menos 15 personas.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":67,"end":105}],"anchors":[{"name":"enfrentar-la-explotación-económica-del-trabajador","point":247}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Enfrentar la Explotación Económica del Trabajador","type":"h2"},{"text":"La productividad de los trabajadores estadounidenses ha incrementado, y Bernie opina que no deben de ser explotados siendo forzados a trabajar más horas mientras siguen ganando salarios más bajos que nunca. Además de sus esfuerzos relacionados con los días de descanso pagados, Bernie está muy preocupado por el número de estadounidenses trabajadores que viven en pobreza, a pesar de trabajar muchas horas y tener varios empleos.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuántas horas trabajamos en comparación al resto del mundo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De acuerdo a la OCDE, en 2013 los estadounidenses trabajaron 54 horas más al año que los japoneses, 119 horas más que los británicos, 299 horas más que los franceses y 245 hora más que los Alemanes. De acuerdo a esta encuesta de Gallup, el trabajador estadounidense promedio, con empleo de tiempo completo, trabaja más de 40 horas a la semana.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":217,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/average-number-hours-worked-in-usa.png","type":"img","width":549,"height":306},{"text":"Si los estadounidenses están trabajando tanto, ¿por qué hay tantos metidos en la pobreza?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un punto importante en la campaña de Bernie es su respuesta a esta pregunta:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/apr\/30\/bernie-sanders-confirms-presidential-run-and-damns-americas-inequities","start":50,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo que hemos visto es que una persona común está trabajando más horas por salarios más bajos, estamos viendo un enorme incremento en desigualdad de ingresos y riquezas, lo que está alcanzando niveles grotescos. Esta es una economía distorsionada, que funciona para los ricos y poderosos y no está trabajando para el estadounidense ordinario.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, los estadounidenses están teniendo dificultades encontrando trabajos de tiempo completo, mientras que al mismo tiempo los trabajadores de medio tiempo son forzados a trabajar menos horas para que los negocios puedan contratar a más trabajadores sin tener que darles prestaciones. Todos estos factores forzan a los estadounidenses a trabajar dos o tres empleos para poder cubrir sus cuentas de cada mes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/more-americans-are-stuck-in-part-time-work\/2014\/07\/02\/2eefaa72-f7e7-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html","start":73,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un estudio de la Fundación Heritage, entre 1973 y 2012, la productividad ha subido un 100 por ciento mientras que el promedio salarial ha disminuido en un siete por ciento. Este cambio se ha dado como resultado de muchos factores, la mayoría de ellos escondidos detrás de la teoría económica del derrame.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2013\/07\/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","start":16,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/economics\/2009\/06\/30\/trickle-down-economics-fails-to-deliver-as-promised\/","start":288,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/productivity-vs-hours.gif","type":"img","width":600,"height":461},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué es lo que Bernie cree que podemos hacer por el trabajador estadounidense para salvarlo de la explotación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Las propias palabras de Bernie en una declaración dada previo a las elecciones intermedias de noviembre de 2014 hablan por los trabajadores estadounidenses:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/we-need-a-political-revolution","start":38,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Nuestro trabajo es hacer una revolución política. Nuestro trabajo es educar y organizar para que la gente que trabaja luche por sus derechos y su dignidad — y que estén activamente participando en el proceso político. Cuando hagamos eso, cuando nos paremos juntos, ganaremos: Servicio médico para todos, una justa distribución de ganancias y riquezas, un programa de trabajos federal mayor, salarios más altos, revertir el calentamiento global y una reforma real de financiamiento para campañas.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Cuando nos rindamos y no participemos, perdemos. Y lo que veremos es el continuo colapso de la clase media y un incremento en la pobreza, cortes a la Seguridad Social y Medicare, una brecha que crece más entre los ricos y todos los demás, ningún incremento al salario mínimo, ningún esfuerzo para hacer los colegios costeables y una mayor devastación por el calentamiento global.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre sus planes para resolver la inequidad económica.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":46,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estoy buscando información sobre lo que Bernie ha hecho para apoyar a los trabajadores indocumentados y agrícolas.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él apoyó la Coalición de Trabajadores de Immokalee para acabar con las condiciones de explotación que se daba en los campos tomateros de Florida — que cubre tanto a indocumentados, como a agricultores. Pero probablemente estás buscando más que esto. Aprende más sobre lo que él ha hecho en las páginas de Inmigración, Derechos Hispanos y Agricultura.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":71,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":305,"end":316},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":318,"end":335},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":338,"end":349}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Prescription Drugs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Seniors","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-family\/bernie-sanders-on-seniors\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/380238972_b57500bf69_o-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/380238972_b57500bf69_o.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Medicaid","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#medicaid","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Medicaid-Spending-iStock-150x150.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Medicaid-Spending-iStock.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Medicare","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#medicare","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/USA-medicare-medicaid-540x304-350x197.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/USA-medicare-medicaid-540x304.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Prescription Drugs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Seniors","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-seniors\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ftb-seniors-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ftb-seniors.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Seniors","type":"h1"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pf-J47vouzI","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan The Right to a Secure Retirement to protect and expand Social Security, protect Pensions, Expand the Older Americans Act, and so much more. He has also released a Housing for All plan that would make it a fundamental right to have a safe, decent, accessible, and affordable home.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/housing-all\/","start":199,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","links":[{"href":"#social-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pensions: Workers who are owed pension benefits from their employer should be paid those benefits.","links":[{"href":"#pensions","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare: Coverage for seniors should be expanded to include vision, dental, hearing aids and other medical devices as well as mental health and substance abuse treatment. Bernie’s proposed Medicare for All bill includes","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":207,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs: the price of prescription drugs is too high.  The costs must be cut to be in line the the prices the rest of the world pays. The so-called Medicare Donut hole for prescription drugs must be closed so seniors can afford the medication they need and are not forced to choose between cutting medication in half or skipping doses.","links":[{"href":"#prescription-drugs","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid & Hospice Care: Until comprehensive universal healthcare is passed, we must expand and improve the Medicaid program to help low income seniors get the services they need.","links":[{"href":"#medicaid-hospice-care","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers: increasing community health clinics is necessary so lower income people can get the healthcare they need in the communities where they live.","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Assistance for Seniors: All Americans must have access to nutritious food, regardless of income or mobility. We must fund an expand food programs for seniors including Meals-on-Wheels.","links":[{"href":"#food-assistance","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Preventing Elder Abuse: Seniors must be protected from psychological and physical neglect and abuse as well as financial exploitation. We must fully fund the programs directed at ending abuse and strengthen reporting mechanisms.","links":[{"href":"#preventing-elder-abuse","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End of Life Choices: Terminally ill people have the right to preserve their dignity and determine how and when they die. Death with dignity laws that are enacted should not be attacked by the federal government.","links":[{"href":"#end-of-life-choices","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"Social Securitytrust fund$128,400fix social security","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL33028.pdf","start":15,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/COLA\/cbb.html","start":25,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":33,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"insurance program for workers In 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/trsum\/","start":29,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Social Security important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Insurance system  less than 10 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":33,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less reliable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yeah, yeah. But can I see a video that explains it with graphics and nice music?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here ya’ go","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds like there’s a lot at stake.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Quite a bit remain solvent until 203375 percent of promised benefitsdon’t have a pension insufficient savings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":11,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":37,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/06\/13\/heres-how-many-americans-have-nothing-at-all-saved-for-retirement.html","start":68,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/making-sense\/report-4-out-of-5-americans-have-less-than-a-years-income-saved-for-retirement","start":88,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s in the bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Social Security benefits by about $65 a month for most recipients.","Increase cost-of-living Adjustments for Social Security recipients.","Provide a minimum Social Security benefit to significantly reduce the senior poverty rate."]},{"text":"1.5 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Our Social Security Promises Act S.500","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.500:","start":40,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense.  But what about the cost of living increases, won’t that bankrupt the system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 1980 you would have gotten some change back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.slv.vic.gov.au\/whatitcost\/groceries","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce the amount of Social Security benefits CPI-Wspend a large portion of their income lower monthly benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":46,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":52,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":89,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie have to say about chained CPI?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statement on the floor of the Senate in 2012 here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":45,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits ","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83) in 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":38,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) questionnaire administered","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare ","type":"h2"},{"text":"bill includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make healthcare a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"bill includes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers ","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Want to hear more? Watch this video.","type":"h3"},{"text":"What’s he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supportedintroducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Act of 2019billlower prescription drug pricespharmaceutical industry opposes the bill law enforcement groups expressed opposition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":87,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":97,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":139,"end":143},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":143,"end":173},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/1\/14\/18176707\/congress-drug-prices-hearing-pharmaceutical-ceos","start":173,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sheriffs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/NSA_Letter_Drug_Importation.pdf","start":214,"end":257}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"Medicaid & Hospice Care","type":"h2"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers Medicare beneficiaries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/medicaids-role-for-medicare-beneficiaries\/","start":6,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationvoted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":23,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Assistance for Seniors","type":"h2"},{"text":"Meals-on-Wheels","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporterbipartisan legislation S.1562,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":38,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food assistance for seniors","type":"h3"},{"text":"help fundlow-income seniors.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":9,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ending Elder Abuse","type":"h2"},{"text":"least 10% of adults age 65 reporting is lower in rural and tribal communities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1098056\/download","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1098056\/download","start":27,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/elder_abuse_statistics.jpg","type":"img","width":430,"height":310},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Victims of elder abuse","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/elder_abuse_stats.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":351},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topmedicalassistantprograms.org\/elder-abuse-prevention-guide\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to protect Seniors from exploitation and abuse? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"S.1562,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End of Life Issues","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is aid-in-dying? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Death with dignity statutes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deathwithdignity.org\/learn\/death-with-dignity-acts\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["California: End of Life Option Act 2015 ","Colorado: End of Life Options Act 2016","District of Columbia: D.C. Death with Dignity Act 2016","Hawaii: Our Care, Our Choice Act 2018","New Jersey: Aid in Dying for the Terminally Ill Act 2019","Oregon: Oregon Death with Dignity Act - 1994\/1997","Vermont: Patient Choice & Control at the End of Life Act 2013","Washington: Death with Dignity Act 2008"]},{"text":"safeguards","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deathwithdignity.org\/faqs\/#safeguards","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about aid in dying laws? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has Bernie said?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said in 2016","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/camd.northeastern.edu\/rugglesmedia\/2016\/04\/20\/right-to-die-in-america\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Social Security","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#social-security","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Social-Security-Benefits-Application-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Social-Security-Benefits-Application.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Public Assistance","type":"h1"},{"text":"Social Security","links":[{"href":"#social-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","links":[{"href":"#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF): When families do not have enough money to meet the needs of the family, we must help them so they can stay in their home and remain together.","links":[{"href":"#tanf","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","links":[{"href":"#nutritional-programs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","links":[{"href":"#homelessness","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan The Right to a Secure Retirement to protect and expand Social Security, protect Pensions, Expand the Older Americans Act, and so much more. He has also released a Housing for All plan that would make it a fundamental right to have a safe, decent, accessible, and affordable home.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/housing-all\/","start":199,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"Social Securitytrust fund$132,900fix Social Security","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL33028.pdf","start":15,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/COLA\/cbb.html","start":25,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":33,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"insurance program for workersIn 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/trsum\/","start":29,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Social Security important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Insurance system less than 10 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less reliable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here ya’ go","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds like there’s a lot at stake.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Quite a bit remain solvent until 203375 percent of promised benefitsdon’t have a pension insufficient savings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":11,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":37,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/06\/13\/heres-how-many-americans-have-nothing-at-all-saved-for-retirement.html","start":68,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/making-sense\/report-4-out-of-5-americans-have-less-than-a-years-income-saved-for-retirement","start":88,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s in the bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Social Security benefits by about $65 a month for most recipients.","Increase cost-of-living adjustments for Social Security recipients.","Provide a minimum Social Security benefit to significantly reduce the senior poverty rate."]},{"text":"Bernie’s plan$132,900 and $250,000 would not be subject to the payroll tax 1.5 percentplanKeeping our Social Security Promises Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":13,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":74,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":86,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s500\/BILLS-113s500is.pdf","start":90,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"next 52 years","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense.  But what about cost of living increases, won’t that bankrupt the system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 1980, you would have gotten some change back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.slv.vic.gov.au\/whatitcost\/groceries","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce the amount of Social Security benefits CPI-Wspend a large portion of their income lower monthly benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":46,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":52,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":89,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie have to say about chained CPI?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statement on the floor of the Senate in 2012 here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":45,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","type":"h2"},{"text":"crisis in affordable housinghelp working families by providing affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.lasvegassun.com\/news\/2019\/apr\/29\/we-cannot-continue-to-ignore-the-crisis-in-afforda\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2018\/12\/01\/us-housing-crisis-inexcusable-says-bernie-sanders-when-wall-street-bailed-out-after","start":28,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"understands","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":35,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":45,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":54,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":91,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.boingboing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/S3YO5UNIFE4HJA3Y4IUJQH3ZHI.png.jpeg?w=1484&ssl=1","type":"img","width":1484,"height":1259},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/bxs1676\/f\/styles\/column\/public\/images\/Screen%20Shot%202018-06-13%20at%2012.33.34%20PM.png?itok=1-4EH4iK","type":"img","width":826,"height":411},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to address the lack of affordable housing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"effortsHe knows what it’s like to struggle to pay the billslong history of fighting for affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/services\/housing","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2019\/06\/03\/bernie-sanders-i-know-where-i-came-from-does-president-trump\/","start":7,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":59,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"held a roundtable discussion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sandersinstitute\/videos\/207631740038080\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing Plansaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housingwire.com\/articles\/36822-bernie-sanders-announces-sweeping-housing-agenda","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":23,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"three ideas to help battle gentrificationGreenville, S.C. housing trust fundrent-control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/news\/2016\/12\/18\/greenville-affordable-housing\/95584980\/","start":41,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/politics\/amp\/Bernie-Sanders-backs-CA-rent-control-measure-13345525.php","start":76,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Housing Trust Fundcontinues to support","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":19,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["build affordable housing for low and moderate-income people","build affordable and ADA compliant housing for the disabled","build, repair or rehabilitate affordable rental units ","assist first-time home buyers ","ease the harmful effects of foreclosures and delinquencies","revitalize neighborhoods in communities hit hard by foreclosures"]},{"text":"voted Yea  fought","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-267.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"remembered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create Champlain Housing Trust Community and Economic Development Office model is spreading success of the CHTInfrastructure page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=_2YjBm2_JGUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Outsider+in+the+House+by+Bernie+Sanders&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjum7Kc4NHiAhUqTBUIHSJWBroQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Outsider%20in%20the%20House%20by%20Bernie%20Sanders&f=false","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":6,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/dollarsandsense.org\/archives\/2005\/0305fireside.html","start":30,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":72,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/hud-secretary-addresses-needs-of-rural-states","start":91,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":110,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance for Needy Familiesgrant money to states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R44668.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/answers\/programs-for-families-and-children\/what-is-tanf\/index.html","start":39,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states must spendengage in work activitiesreduce or terminate benefits“full-family” sanction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":42,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":70,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"24% of the grant money is actually spent on direct cash assistancespent on programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL32748.pdf","start":66,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy2015_tanf_moe_national_data_pie_charts.pdf","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/ofa\/resource\/state-tanf-spending-2015-factsheet","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF cash assistance5.8 million families with children live in povertypoverty line","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":20,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":70,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/8-21-18tanfcbf1.png?itok=8gpd6udA","type":"img","width":580,"height":505},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF benefits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy16_characteristics.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/qz-production-atlas-assets\/charts\/atlas_S1gxhwzj7@2x.png","type":"img","width":656,"height":409},{"text":"Source","type":"h4"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R43634.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF is so low that it leaves families in deep povertymap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":54,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/maximum_tanf_benefits_leave_families_below_fpl_2018_2_1-01.png?itok=AHq-AtyP","type":"img","width":580,"height":644},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support families who need TANF?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Welfare Reform ActBill Clintondoubled the number of people living in extreme povertyhurt America’s poorest families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centreforpublicimpact.org\/case-study\/personal-responsibility-and-work-opportunity-reconciliation-act-the-clinton-welfare-reform\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2019\/may\/01\/biden-2020-past-better-candidate","start":18,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/mar\/02\/bernie-s\/sanders-welfare-reform-more-doubled-extreme-povert\/","start":30,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/mar\/07\/clinton-era-welfare-reforms-american-poor-bernie-sanders","start":84,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"discussedvoted againstBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/718578025843937280","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/2791\/8311\/27110\/welfare-reform-act-of-1996#.XPeG-4-xU2w","start":9,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/718582565930606592","start":22,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2003-30.htm","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","type":"h2"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Poverty Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1074.html#3","start":38,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/Publications\/err125\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is SNAP? How does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So who is receiving food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SNAP recipients make up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"56 percent to 100 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fns-prod.azureedge.net\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/Reaching2016-Summary.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Stamped","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foodstamped.com\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much of the federal budget is spent on SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billion allocated to SNAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":16,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If we are already funding SNAP, why do we need WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC WIC program leads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better health care for children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":15,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other food assistance programs are there and where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"school lunch programschool breakfast programspecial milk programsummer food service program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/nslp\/national-school-lunch-program","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sbp\/school-breakfast-program","start":20,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/smp\/special-milk-program","start":44,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sfsp\/summer-food-service-program","start":64,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"receive breakfast believes that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":18,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should Americans pay for programs like WIC and the School Lunch Program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"attentiveness in school decreases","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"math scores","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"socioeconomic status brain health","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":21,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. study in 2000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":25,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"in the fetal childhood developmental stages need more vitamins and minerals adverse health effects more susceptible child nutrition adulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":76,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":99,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":132,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food assistance for seniors: Meals-on-Wheels","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporterbipartisan legislation S.1562,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":38,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Banks & Food Pantries","type":"h3"},{"text":"Emergency Food Assistance Programone of severalUnder TEFAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs\/the-emergency-food-assistance-program","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs","start":33,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":47,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"help fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"So, how did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/share\/medicaid-map","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationvoted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":23,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","type":"h2"},{"text":"HUD’s Annual Point-in-Time Count17 out of every 10,000 people  38,000 were military veterans36,000 young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resource\/5783\/2018-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/homelessness-statistics\/state-of-homelessness-report\/","start":32,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/veterans\/","start":62,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/youth\/","start":92,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"3.5 million Americans experience homelessness rising in Los Angeles7.4 million Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/ktla.com\/2019\/06\/04\/l-a-county-to-release-results-of-homeless-count-on-tuesday\/","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":68,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/homeless-usa-percentage-map.png","type":"img","width":1139,"height":653},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can’t people just go to a shelter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Shelterschildren are often removedfelonyalcohol or substance abuse not always safecleanaren’t enough bedsstressful","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/ne3ym7\/half-a-million-people-experience-homelessness-every-night-in-the-us-but-that-number-is-changing","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5760188\/","start":8,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2017\/04\/15\/felons-wanting-to-start-over-struggle-to-re-enter-society\/","start":34,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2015\/04\/16\/400125730\/homeless-shelter-opts-to-close-instead-of-accepting-people-on-drugs-alcohol","start":40,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brc.org\/why-would-homeless-person-not-want-go-shelter","start":67,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":82,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":87,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":105,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Over half a million Americans homeless every night – and 38,000 veterans? That’s horrible. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"This is clearly unacceptable Bernie outlined specific steps","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":28,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"applauded","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie remarked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, Bernie’s said a lot about homelessness. But what has he actually done?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing section two organizationssingle-room occupancy apartments","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":27,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":45,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced This program hailed the passage of legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"also introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013who called the bill[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/HEY13224.pdf","start":16,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":56,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre Asistencia Publica","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders es un firme defensor de los programas de asistencia pública y los beneficios sociales que estos aportan. Estos no son “obsequios” para “welfare queens” como fueron estigmatizado por los Republicanos durante la era de Reagan — son herramientas esenciales que el gobierno federal puede y debe utilizar para llegar a una sociedad más equitativa y justa.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#social-security","label":"Seguro Social","description":"El Seguro Social debe ser fortalecido y ampliado."},{"href":"#pension-benefits","label":"Prestaciones para Pensionarios","description":"Además del Seguro Social, muchos estadounidenses dependen de las pensiones para su jubilación. Las leyes recientes que han reducido el financiamiento de programas de pensiones deben ser revocadas."},{"href":"#childcare-and-education","label":"Cuidado Infantil y Educación","description":"Todos los niños merecen una educación de calidad y las familias merecen acceso a cuidado infantil de calidad para sus niños."},{"href":"#affordable-housing","label":"Vivienda Asequible","description":"La vivienda asequible debe estar dentro del alcance de trabajadores estadounidenses que trabajan a tiempo completo."},{"href":"#nutritional-programs","label":"Programas Nutricionales","description":"Todos los estadounidenses deben tener acceso a comida nutritiva independiente de ingreso y movilidad."},{"href":"#homelessness","label":"Carencia de Vivienda","description":"Es inaceptable que tantos estadounidenses se encuentren sin domicilio fijo. Tenemos que aumentar la disponibilidad de vivienda asequible y trabajar para reducir la falta de vivienda entre veteranos."}]},{"text":"Seguro Social","anchors":[{"name":"social-security","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Debemos fortalecer y ampliar el sistema de Seguro Social.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Antes de que el Presidente Franklin Roosevelt presentara el sistema del Seguro Social, más de la mitad de las personas de edad avanzada vivían en la pobreza. Hoy en día, debido al Seguro Social, ese número está por debajo del 10 por ciento. Bernie está convencido de que reforzar este monumental programa contra la pobreza es imperativo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":211,"end":239},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":285,"end":322}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A nadie le gusta la pobreza. Pero, ¿qué es exactamente el Seguro Social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El Seguro Social es un programa federal de diversos niveles que incluye varios programas de asistencia social y seguridad social. El Seguro Social te puede proveerte tanto a ti como a tu pareja y a otros miembros de tu familia con prestaciones cuando te jubiles, en el caso de que te incapacites o (sin afán de ser unos aguafiestas) cuando fallezcas. En otras palabras, no es solamente para “personas de edad avanzada”. De hecho, el Seguro Social es también conocido como el OASDI (por sus siglas en inglés), que significa programa de Seguro para la Vejez, los Supervivientes, y la Incapacidad.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":3,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":523,"end":593}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sí, sí. Pero, ¿puedo ver un video que lo explique con gráficos y buena música?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Claro. Aquí te va:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":12,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lHAcy4SNVbo","id":"lHAcy4SNVbo"},{"text":"¿Por qué es tan importante el Seguro Social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Roosevelt concibió el Seguro Social — o lo que élllamó “seguridad social” — para abordar el problema permanente de la seguridad económica de las personas de edad avanzada. Esto creó “un sistema contributivo relacionado con el empleo en el que los trabajadores habrían de proveer por su propia seguridad económica mediante impuestos pagados durante su vida laboral”. La visión original del Seguro Social era formar un “taburete con tres patas” en combinación con pensiones de empresas y ahorros personales. Sin embargo, en los años recientes, las otras dos piernas del taburete se han vuelto menos fiables.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/briefhistory3.html","start":177,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":591,"end":604}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Suena como si hubiera mucho en juego.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bastante. El Seguro Social está actualmente proyectado a mantenerse financiado hasta 2033. Si no hacemos nada, va a pagar únicamente 75 por ciento de las prestaciones prometidas. Hay que tener en mente que pensiones, ahorros, propiedades de casa y otras formas de equidad están disminuyendo así que no tan sólo es de suma importancia mantener el Seguro Social sino también reforzarlo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":57,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":133,"end":177},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":343,"end":383}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué dice Bernie sobre todo esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Al anunciar la presentación de su Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social él dijo,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":34,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“El Seguro Social es el programa del gobierno más exitoso en la historia de nuestra nación. A través de buenos y malos momentos, la seguridad social ha pagado todas las prestaciones adeudados a cada estadounidense eligible… La forma más efectiva de reforzar el Seguro Social para el futuro es eliminar las restricciones sobre el impuesto de nómina en todos los ingresos por encima de $250,000 para que los millonarios y multimillonarios paguen la misma porción que todos los demás”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Eso suena bien, pero quiero saber más acerca de esta ley.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Para empezar, la Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social haría que los estadounidenses más ricos paguen su parte justa. Actualmente, la cantidad de ingresos sujetos al impuesto sobre la nómina tiene un límite de $118,500. Eso significa que alguien que gana millones de dólares al año paga la misma cantidad en impuestos de nómina que las personas que ganan $118,500 al año.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/731","start":17,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La nueva legislación sometería a todos los ingresos sobre $250,000 al impuesto sobre la nómina, lo que afectaría a sólo el 1.5 por ciento superior de todos los asalariados. Con este nuevo impuesto sobre la nómina, los prestaciones del Seguro Social aumentarían aproximadamente $65 al mes para la mayoría de los beneficiados. También incrementaría los ajustes del costo de vida y proporcionaría un beneficio mínimo del Seguro Social para reducir significativamente la tasa de pobreza de nuestros adultos mayores.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":123,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Muy bien, me intriga. ¿Cómo puedo aprender más?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Puedes leer toda la Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":60,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído hablar de algo llamado IPC encadenado para el Seguro Social. ¿Qué es un IPC encadenado?","type":"h3"},{"text":"CPI-W","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fvXuANd2l80","id":"fvXuANd2l80"},{"text":"Si se instituyera, ¿cómo afectaría una fórmula IPC encadenada a los beneficios del seguro social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"las prestaciones del Seguro Socialgastan una parte mayor de sus ingresos en atención médicaprestaciones mensuales más bajas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":34,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":91,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído que tanto demócratas como republicanos han propuesto un IPC encadenado. ¿Cuál es la postura de Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"han apoyado un IPC encadenadoEl presidente Barack ObamaLey para Proveer para la Defensa Común de 2013","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/fact-checker\/post\/history-lesson-whos-responsible-for-chained-cpi\/2013\/04\/20\/23a002d6-a9d5-11e2-a8e2-5b98cb59187f_blog.html","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/20\/obama-social-security_n_4824915.html","start":29,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/3639","start":55,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"una declaración en el pleno del Senado en 2012","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"aquí","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8Y-u0UnKZ_U","id":null},{"text":"Prestaciones para Pensionarios","anchors":[{"name":"pension-benefits","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En diciembre de 2014, el Congreso aprobó una ley que permitió recortes drásticos a programas de pensión de múltiples empleadores o PME (MPBs, por sus siglas en inglés). Antes de que se aprobara esta ley, era ilegal hacer recortes a un plan de pensiones que ya se había acordado y ganado por los empleados. Bernie opina que es necesario revocar esta ley para restaurar las pensiones de los jubilados que han dedicado toda su vida a trabajar para una jubilación decente. A través de sus contribuciones y trabajo duro, se les prometió seguridad financiera durante la jubilación, la cual ahora se ve amenazada debido a esta ley. Bernie planea restablecer todos los programas de pensiones que fueron eliminados, y lo hará cerrando los vacíos fiscales para las corporaciones ricas.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":306,"end":318}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un programa de pensión de múltiples empleadores?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un programa de pensión de múltiples empleadores (PME) es un contrato financiero entre dos o más empresas en una industria que proporciona prestaciones a todos sus empleados. Estos programas de prestaciones suelen ser iniciados por los sindicatos de trabajadores y se establecen mediante la negociación colectiva.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":3,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":213,"end":261},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":290,"end":311}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hay dos tipos de planes: PMEs de bienestar y PMEs pensionales. Los PMEs de bienestar proporcionan cualquiera de lo siguiente: seguro colectivo de vida, seguro de discapacidad, seguro médico, seguro legal, seguro de desempleo, o vacaciones pagadas. Los PMEs pensionales proporcionan beneficios de ingresos en la jubilación. Para ambos tipos de planes, todos los trabajadores en la unión deben contribuir al PME para poder acceder a las prestaciones que proporciona cuando llegue el momento; y el tamaño de los beneficios es directamente proporcional al número de años de servicio del empleado.","type":"p"},{"text":"Me parece justo. ¿Cuál es exactamente el problema?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, hasta hace poco, era ilegal realizar cambios en un PME pensional que ya se había acordado, y que los empleados de un sindicato ya habían comenzado a pagar. Sin embargo, en diciembre de 2014, el presidente Obama firmó la Ley General de Gastos (H.R.83), lo que permitió a las empresas hacer recortes drásticos a todos los existentes PMEs pensionales. Mientras que en 2012, había más de 2000 PMEs pensionales con un valor neto de más de $600 mil millones de dólares, en la actualidad se estima que el alcance de estos planes de pensiones será reducido en un 60 por ciento.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":224,"end":257},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":369,"end":376},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":562,"end":575}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque los jubilados de más de 80 años de edad están completamente protegidos de estos recortes, los jubilados de edades entre 75 y 79 años sólo están protegidos de manera parcial, y los menores de 75, por lo general, no están protegidos en absoluto. Esto significa que la mayoría de los trabajadores que han estado pagando hacia sus PMEs pensionales por toda la vida van a perder las pensiones que han ido acumulando. Las mujeres jubiladas, en particular, están gravemente afectadas por esta ley.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":151,"end":179},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":463,"end":483}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¡Eso es realmente injusto! ¿Por qué está pasando esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Ahora mismo, Estados Unidos se está enfrentando a un déficit de más de $1 billón con respecto al pago de las prestaciones de jubilación. Los recortes implementados por la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos son un intento desesperado para hacer frente a este déficit mientras al mismo tiempo proveen prestaciones de pensión a los más vulnerables — a jubilados mayores de la 80 años.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":50,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738,"caption":"Fuente","source":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647"},{"text":"¿A dónde se ha ido todo ese dinero de las pensiones?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay unas cuantas explicaciones. En primer lugar, la tasa de crecimiento de las personas mayores está incrementando rápidamente en Estados Unidos — un resultado de la envejeciente población de los llamados “baby boomers”. Esto está causando problemas en toda la economía estadounidense, poniendo presión en el estado de las PMEs pensionales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1464018\/","start":250,"end":284}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sin embargo, muchos economistas coinciden en que la principal razón para el déficit es la Gran Recesión de 2008, que dio lugar a enormes pérdidas en las carteras de inversión, incluyendo a los de PMEs. Esto hizo que los gobiernos estatales cambiaran sus presupuestos de una manera que estabilizara los intereses empresariales a costa de la seguridad de la jubilación de los trabajadores. Aún más, en lugar de ser distribuida equitativamente a todos los empleados, la mayor parte del dinero recaudado a través PMEs pensionales ha sido desviado exclusivamente hacia los salarios y los ingresos de jubilación de ejecutivos de alto nivel.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":13,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":240,"end":266},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":609,"end":633}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Esto me parece un problema grave. ¿Qué ha dicho Bernie acerca de esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie votó en contra de la aprobación de la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos, diciendo, “en lugar de invertir en la reconstrucción de nuestra infraestructura para crear millones de puestos de trabajo que paguen dignamente, este mal proyecto de ley permitiría que las empresas abandonaran las promesas que hicieron a sus trabajadores mediante la reducción de las prestaciones de pensión de los jubilados actuales\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":68,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Desde que se aprobó el proyecto de ley, Bernie ha luchando con insistencia a favor de los sindicatos para restablecer los PMEs pensionales. En junio de 2015, él patrocinó la Ley Para Cumplir Nuestras Promesas Pensionales (KOPPA, por sus siglas en inglés) — un proyecto de ley que revierte las consecuencias de la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":174,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En su discurso de presentación de este proyecto de ley, Bernie dijo:","type":"p"},{"text":"“Los jubilados que han trabajado arduamente no deberían tener que dudar de su seguridad en la jubilación. Hicimos un compromiso hace 40 años a los trabajadores de este país que las empresas nunca abandonarían sus promesas pensionales. Necesitamos restaurar ese compromiso.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Ve el discurso completo aquí:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IrruQYzRNKQ","id":"IrruQYzRNKQ"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"El KOPPA establecería “un fondo de legado dentro de la Corporación de Garantía de los Beneficios Jubilatorios (PBGC, por sus siglas en inglés) para asegurar que los programas pensionales de múltiples empleadores puedan seguir proporcionando prestaciones de pensión para todos los estadounidenses elegibles en las décadas por venir”. Bernie planea financiar el programa mediante el cierre de vacíos fiscales para las corporaciones ricas.","type":"p"},{"text":"En un cuestionario administrado por la AFL-CIO, Bernie también argumentó:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":6,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo más importante que podemos hacer para preservar y ampliar los planes de pensiones es facilitar la afiliación de los trabajadores a los sindicatos. Una de las razones más significativas por el declive en planes pensionales definitivos es que los derechos de los trabajadores a unirse y negociar por mejores salarios, prestaciones y condiciones de trabajo se han visto gravemente socavados.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre cómo Bernie aboga por los sindicatos y los Derechos de los Trabajadores aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":44,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil y Educación","anchors":[{"name":"childcare-and-education","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Los estadounidenses merecen cuidado infantil y educación temprana más asequible y de mejor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que el cuidado infantil y educación de calidad debe ser accesible para todos:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":20,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase obrera no puede localizar cuidado infantil asequible y de calidad que necesitan para sus hijos. Una educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil a la educación superior, debe estar al alcance de todos. Sin un sistema educativo accesible y de alta calidad no seremos capaces de competir a nivel mundial y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Si esperamos que ambos padres trabajen a tiempo completo, entonces tiene que haber acceso a cuidado infantil confiable para los hijos de estas familias.","type":"p"},{"text":"Me parece razonable. ¿Qué pasa?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Según  un informe de Child Care Aware de 2012, “En 35 estados y en el Distrito de Columbia, el costo anual promedio para el cuidado infantil en una guardería era más alto que el costo de la colegiatura estatal y gastos correspondientes en una universidad pública de cuatro años. Mientras hablaba en un mesa de debate con el Fondo de Educacional Every Child Matters, Bernie dijo que en Estados Unidos el cuidado infantil es un “desastre”. Bernie ha propuesto la Ley Cimientos para el Éxito para ayudar a abordar estas faltas, “la cual proveerá a todos los niños … de las edades de 6 semanas al kinder, acceso a un programa de cuidado infantil y educación temprana de tiempo completo, de alta calidad y apropiado para su desarrollo”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":427,"end":435},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":461,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dirigiéndose al secretario de Educación, Arne Duncan, Bernie argumentó que “si hablamos de valores de la familia, si hablamos de que los niños son la esperanza y el futuro de este país, entonces tenemos que prestar atención a los más vulnerables entre nosotros. Necesitamos una revolución en el cuidado infantil”.","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Pero ¿qué pasa cuando estos niños crecen?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie quiere que los niños tengan acceso a la educación temprana, incluyendo Pre-K universal, así como programas de cuidado infantil con apoyo educacional. En referencia a su Ley Cimientos para el Éxito, él dijo, “En una sociedad con nuestros recursos, es inconcebible el no invertir adecuadamente en nuestros niños desde las primeras etapas de su vida”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/294","start":176,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":208,"end":212}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo va Estados Unidos en la educación temprana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De 36 países, Estados Unidos ocupa el puesto 17 de la competencia lectora, 27 en la competencia matemática, 20 en la alfabetización de la ciencia, y 18 en general en la educación secundaria. De 1960 a 2006, caímos del primer lugar al lugar 18 de entre 24 países industrializados.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/PISA-2012-results-US.pdf","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estos son sólo números sin significado, ¿verdad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Incorrecto. Si hubiéramos cerrado esta brecha a partir de 1998, se estima que nuestro PIB podría haber sido $2.3 billones más al llegar a 2008. ¿Qué te parecen esos números?","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":108,"end":142}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. Entonces, ¿qué ha hecho Bernie para tratar de mejorar la educación temprana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2011, Bernie presentó la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito. De haber sido aprobado, el proyecto de ley hubiera concedido una subvención a diez estados que les permitiría crear un sistema de Cuidado y Educación Temprana. Algunos de los beneficios incluyen: proporcionar a todos los residentes del estado la oportunidad de inscribir a niños de seis semanas de edad a la edad del kinder, en un programa de cuidado y educación temprana a tiempo completo. Este proyecto de ley le daría a cada niño la oportunidad de desarrollar habilidades físicas, sociales y emocionales; y mejoraría la preparación escolar contribuyendo al desarrollo cognitivo, habilidades de carácter, y el desarrollo físico de cada niño.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":28,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":179,"end":218}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más en las páginas de Educación y de los Niños.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":49,"end":54}],"anchors":[{"name":"affordable-housing","point":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vivienda Asequible","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie cree que todas las familias merecen una vivienda asequible.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En diciembre de 2014, Bernie hizo el siguiente comentario acerca de los costos de la vivienda:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":58,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“No es ningún secreto que en la última década, los ingresos no han reflejado el ritmo de los crecientes costos de la vivienda.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, la vivienda asequible está fuera del alcance de muchas familias trabajadoras estadounidenses. Según el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo, “una familia con un trabajador a tiempo completo que gana el salario mínimo no puede pagar el alquiler a precio del mercado local por un apartamento de dos habitaciones en cualquier lugar de los Estados Unidos”. De hecho,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":107,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Las familias que pagan más del 30 por ciento de sus ingresos en vivienda se consideran cargados de costos y pueden tener dificultad al pagar necesidades como alimento, ropa, transporte y cuidado médico. Se estima que unos 12 millones de inquilinos y propietarios de hogares ahora pagan más del 50 por ciento de sus ingresos anuales por la vivienda.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"No hay ningún estado en la Unión, en donde un trabajador de salario mínimo puede gastar debajo del 30 por ciento de sus ingresos en un apartamento de un dormitorio basado en los precios del mercado.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/minimum-work-hours-needed-to-pay-rent.png","type":"img","width":883,"height":664},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie para abordar los problemas de vivienda?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está a la vanguardia en los esfuerzos para proporcionar viviendas asequibles para familias trabajadoras. Durante su primer cargo electo como alcalde de Burlington, él luchó por las familias obreras que iban a perder sus hogares. Un vacío en la financiación federal permitió que los propietarios convirtieran esos apartamentos en condominios de lujo. Bernie no iba a permitir que eso sucediera:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":171,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Bernie le dio un puñetazo a la mesa de reuniones en su oficina y le dijo a los propietarios, ‘De ninguna manera vas a desplazar a 336 familias trabajadoras. No vas convertir Northgate en una vivienda de lujo’”, recordó John Davis, ex-asistente de vivienda para el alcalde Sanders. Hasta el día de hoy, Northgate Apartments sigue siendo propiedad de la gente que vive allí. Northgate tiene “restricciones de largo plazo para mantener los edificios asequibles para las familias trabajadoras”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie ayudó a crear el Champlain Housing Trust (CHT) y la Oficina de Desarrollo Comunitario y Económico (CEDO). CHT y CEDO aseguraron que los costos de vivienda no fueran sujetos al mercado y que se mantuvieran asequibles para las familias trabajadoras. CHT recibió un premio de las Naciones Unidas en 2009, y el modelo se está expandiendo a países como Australia, Bélgica, y el Reino Unido.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":24,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/dollarsandsense.org\/archives\/2005\/0305fireside.html","start":59,"end":111},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":321,"end":340}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha llamado la CHT uno de sus logros que le han dado más orgullo como alcalde. Un comunicado en la página web del Senado de Bernie describe el éxito de la CHT:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/hud-secretary-addresses-needs-of-rural-states","start":146,"end":164}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“El Champlain Housing Trust es ahora el fideicomiso de tierras comunitario más grande del país, con más de 4,000 miembros y 2,000 viviendas asequibles en el noroeste de Vermont. El concepto se ha extendido: en la actualidad hay fideicomisos de vivienda basados en la comunidad en cada área de Vermont, y se han convertido en la base de una red de vivienda asequible única en la nación”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"La lucha de Bernie para la vivienda asequible ha continuado a lo largo de su carrera. Él votó a favor de la prestación de $70 millones para vales de viviendas bajo Sección 8, que se agregarían al financiamiento del programa de vales de viviendas bajo Sección 8 y financiaría 10,000 vales adicionales de vivienda asequible.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":89,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2008, Bernie luchó para el Housing Trust Fund (Fondo Fiduciario de Vivienda), “que desempeñará un papel importante en la construcción de viviendas asequibles para las personas de ingresos bajos y moderados, así como para las personas con discapacidad”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":30,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bd1HszxR_6I","id":null},{"text":"PROGRAMAS NUTRICIONALES","anchors":[{"name":"nutritional-programs","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Cada vez más y más familias estadounidenses y sus hijos están pasando hambre.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Según el Centro Nacional de la Niñez en la Pobreza,  un 22 por ciento de los niños estadounidenses vive por debajo del nivel de pobreza — $23,550 al año para una familia de cuatro. Estudios realizados demuestran que para cubrir gastos básicos, una familia de cuatro personas necesita por lo menos $44,700 al año, una cantidad que es casi el doble del nivel de pobreza.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":9,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1074.html#3","start":181,"end":200}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Al considerar esto, aproximadamente el 45 por ciento de los niños viven en familias de bajos ingresos. Tales niveles altos de niños que viven en la pobreza o familias de bajos ingresos es vergonzoso para el país más rico del planeta. Una nutrición adecuada es quizás más importante que cualquier otro factor en la infancia, de hecho hay varios estudios que indican que es crucial para el desarrollo adecuado del cerebro.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3607807\/","start":337,"end":352}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿quiénes reciben cupones de alimentos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque puede haber algunos que se aprovechan del Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria (SNAP), alrededor del 45 por ciento de todos los beneficiarios son niños. El SNAP para Mujeres, Infantes y Niños (WIC, por sus siglas en inglés) es un programa esencial que ayuda a bebés a mantenerse sanos, a tener dietas más nutritivas y a mejorar servicios de salud para los niños. Adicionalmente, las personas con discapacidad representan el 19.8 por ciento, los de la tercera edad representan el ocho por ciento, mientras que los adultos sin hijos y sin discapacidades constituyen 23.6 por ciento de las personas que reciben cupones de alimentos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":143,"end":160},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":212,"end":215},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":246,"end":266},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":428,"end":442}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En otras palabras, la gente que recibe cupones de alimentos son los más vulnerables.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Es cierto que la personas que reciben cupones de alimento acaban por comprar comida rápida y cigarrillos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los beneficiarios de SNAP sólo tienen permitido comprar alimentos para el hogar y semillas para cultivar un huerto. Esto significa que los beneficiarios de SNAP no pueden comprar alcohol, cigarrillos, tabaco, artículos no alimentarios, suplementos, medicamentos, alimentos calientes, y comida rápida o las comidas de restaurantes. En muchos casos — para los que viven en áreas afectadas por la pobreza— el acceso a los productos frescos es limitado, aunque esa tendencia está cambiando gracias a algunos empresarios progresistas. Claro, siempre habrá personas que tratarán de jugar con el sistema — tal como demuestra este ejemplo — pero eso no debe descontar a las personas que realmente necesitan ayuda.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":56,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":371,"end":401},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":504,"end":528},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":618,"end":630}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pero yo trabajo duro. ¿Por qué debería preocuparme por SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La forma en la que una nación trata a sus ciudadanos menos afortunados dice mucho de un país. ¿Debería una gran nación como Estados Unidos sólo preocuparse por los resultados económicos y finales? ¿Está nuestra nación tan consumida con el dinero que vamos simplemente a negarnos a ayudar a los necesitados? A todos los estadounidenses se les debe dar el apoyo que necesitan para tener éxito, en lugar de descuidarlos o explotarlos.","type":"p"},{"text":"Con el aumento de la desigualdad de ingresos, el aumento de la financiación nutricional y alimentaria es esencial.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que a las personas que realmente necesitan ayuda no se les debería negar el acceso a SNAP. En 2012, él votó en contra de limitar la elegibilidad y bonificaciones para SNAP en las Enmiendas del Senado 2172 y 2165.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":116,"end":130},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":160,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie también ha hablado en contra de la reducción de los cupones de alimentos, diciendo, \"en tiempos en que las personas más ricas de este país se hacen cada vez más ricas y la clase media está desapareciendo, es más que vergonzoso hacer cortes en los programas de alimentos y nutrición”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":15,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Demos un paso atrás. ¿Cómo ha cambiado la desigualdad de ingresos en los últimos años?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La desigualdad de ingresos se encuentra en su más alto nivel desde la Gran Depresión. Actualmente, el 0.3 por ciento de la riqueza es propiedad del 40 por ciento inferior de los estadounidenses, mientras que el 84 por ciento de la riqueza está en manos del 20 por ciento superior.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":61,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":211,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Este impacto también se siente en el salario mínimo federal, que llegó a su nivel más alto en 1968 — $8.54 (en dólares del 2014). Con estas cifras, es difícil imaginar a alguien ganando el salario mínimo, trabajando a tiempo completo, y cubriendo sus necesidades básicas. Echa un vistazo a este ilustrativo presupuesto mensual que McDonald's le sugirió a sus empleados en 2013.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":73,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":178,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":295,"end":326}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/ratio-of-household-wealth-to-nation.png","type":"img","width":1190,"height":584,"caption":"Distribución histórica de la Riqueza"},{"text":"¿Pero deberíamos realmente gastar dinero en programas de cupones para alimentos? Digo, ¿no debiéramos enfocarnos en fijar un presupuesto y abordar nuestro déficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante el año fiscal 2015, el 53.71 por ciento de los gastos discrecionales fue a las fuerzas armadas, cantidad que ascendió a $598.49 mil millones. Compara esa cantidad con los $76 mil millones asignados a SNAP en 2014. ¿Por qué estamos dispuestos a gastar tanto en proteger a nuestros ciudadanos de amenazas extranjeras, pero tan escépticos en proteger a nuestros ciudadanos de las amenazas en casa, como el hambre?","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":128,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":196,"end":212}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/38fALIl.png","type":"img","width":680,"height":400,"caption":"Presupuesto Discrecional del Año Fiscal 2015, del"},{"text":"Además, estos programas pueden ser financiados por medio de aumentar los impuestos sobre los miembros más ricos de la sociedad. Considera las estimaciones que el 25 por ciento de los millonarios pagan menos impuestos que los miembros de la clase media.¿Está bien eso? Mientras que muchos han afirmado que el hacer que los ricos paguen su parte justa de impuestos paralizará a la economía, un estudio reciente reveló que esto no es el caso.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":162,"end":194},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":201,"end":216},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":392,"end":408}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entiendo. Entonces, ¿qué tiene que decir Bernie acerca de estos programas de nutrición?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Refiriéndose a los intentos implacables de recortar estos programas de nutrición, Bernie dijo, “Es inconcebible que el gobierno federal pueda recortar la asistencia alimentaria y nutricional a los estados mientras nuestra nación lucha por recuperarse de la peor recesión desde la Gran Depresión”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":89,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En una entrevista en línea, Bernie también expresó su consternación por el hecho de que hay “unos 46 millones y medio de personas en Estado Unidos viviendo en la pobreza. Muchas personas han experimentado los salarios más bajos. Trabajando 40\/50 horas por semana. Están viviendo en la pobreza”. Mientras tanto, “el 22 por ciento de nuestros niños están viviendo en la pobreza”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conforme la disparidad económica va en aumento, los programas de WIC que ayudan específicamente a las madres, los bebés y los niños serán especialmente importantes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie tiene una larga historia respaldando las necesidades de las mujeres, bebés y niños. En 1993, co-patrocinó el proyecto de ley 1993-H1722 para financiar completamente el programa WIC. También firmó el proyecto de ley 2009-SR67 que fomentaba financiación para que los niños de bajos ingresos puedan recibir desayunos en la escuela. Bernie está convencido de que, “Cuando hablamos sobre el futuro de América, no podemos estar hablando de dar la espalda a los niños de este país”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":100,"end":112},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":296,"end":320},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":343,"end":365}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Si ya estamos financiando SNAP, ¿por qué necesitamos a WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El programa WIC está diseñado específicamente para mujeres, bebés y niños que necesitan asistencia nutricional. En 2014, se estimó que 46.7 millones de personas estaban viviendo en la pobreza, según la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos. 15.5 millones de personas que vivían en la pobreza tenían 18 años de edad o menos, constituyendo el 21.1 por ciento de esa cifra.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/about\/overview\/","start":135,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/09\/16\/poverty-household-income_n_5828974.html","start":161,"end":191},{"href":"http:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/hunger-in-america\/impact-of-hunger\/hunger-and-poverty\/hunger-and-poverty-fact-sheet.html","start":297,"end":320}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, se estima que en 2011, había 8.6 millones de hogares en donde madres solteras eran la cabeza de la familia en comparación con 2.6 millones de hogares con padres solteros. Aunque el número de padres solteros está aumentando, el 23 por ciento de los padres solteros viven por debajo del umbral de pobreza en comparación con el 43 por ciento de las madres. Si comparas la tasa de la pobreza infantil de Estados Unidos a la de otros 35 países, Estados Unidos viene en penúltimo lugar, justo por encima de Rumanía, de acuerdo a un informe de la UNICEF. Finlandia está en el primer lugar, mientras que Noruega está en el segundo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/07\/02\/the-rise-of-single-fathers\/","start":45,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/07\/02\/the-rise-of-single-fathers\/","start":341,"end":368},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2013\/04\/15\/map-how-35-countries-compare-on-child-poverty-the-u-s-is-ranked-34th\/","start":550,"end":562}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/relative-child-poverty.jpg","type":"img","width":421,"height":622,"caption":"Estadísticas UNICEF Mundiales de Ninos en la pobreza"},{"text":"¿Darle atención especial a WIC no es una forma de discriminación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Se han realizado numerosos estudios que sugieren que la salud de un individuo comienza en las etapas del desarrollo fetal e infantil. Nutricionalmente, las mujeres embarazadas necesitan más vitaminas y minerales que la persona común. Si la madre no recibe los nutrientes adecuados pueden ocurrir efectos de salud adversos. Si hay deficiencias en la dieta de una mujer embarazada, su bebé será más susceptible al crecimiento lento, trastornos neurológicos e incluso la muerte. Junto al desarrollo infantil, la nutrición infantil es igualmente importante ya que a menudo influye en la salud de una persona en la edad adulta.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":105,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":124,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":176,"end":211},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":296,"end":321},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":388,"end":408},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":509,"end":527},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":607,"end":621}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué deberían los estadounidenses pagar más dinero para programas como WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prestar atención especial a las mujeres, infantes y niños puede influir en la eficacia de otros programas gubernamentales. Por ejemplo, si un niño no tiene acceso a un desayuno, su atención en la escuela disminuye. De acuerdo a publicaciones como el Periódico Estadounidense de la Nutrición Clínica, Pediatría, y la Revista de la Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría Infantil y Adolescente, la falta de acceso a comida puede dañar las calificaciones de matemáticas de los niños y puede influir en que los niños “repitan un grado, lleguen tarde a la escuela o pierdan el día por completo”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":178,"end":213},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":437,"end":466}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Por lo tanto, el financiamiento educativo es menos exitoso sin la financiación nutricional y alimentaria. El éxito educativo también influye en el futuro estatus socioeconómico de un individuo. Además, la nutrición juega un papel en la salud cerebral — según el Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. — así como un estudio en 2000 que mostró cómo los estudiantes alimentados con “dietas nutritivamente densas” tenían “un 40 por ciento menos de la conducta violenta y otros comportamientos antisociales que el grupo de control con placebos”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":154,"end":176},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":236,"end":250},{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":262,"end":286},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":301,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué está diciendo Bernie sobre estos temas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie siempre ha hablado francamente acerca de la injusta brecha de la riqueza. Él ha afirmado que “en los últimos años, hemos visto una proliferación de millonarios y multimillonarios en el país, y sin embargo, más del 50 por ciento de los niños en nuestras escuelas públicas es de tan bajo ingreso que es elegible para el almuerzo gratis o para los programas escolares de comida a precios reducidos”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":84,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha alabado frecuentemente a las estructuras gubernamentales escandinavas y las prestaciones que estas aportan a sus ciudadanos ya que sufren menos pobreza que en Estados Unidos. Bernie opina que el futuro de Estados Unidos reside en la salud de nuestras madres, bebés y niños.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cz0u2FH5Bnk","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/29\/why-cant-america-be-sweden\/","start":82,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/1\/12\/15\/poorest-norwegian-children-are-twice-rich-poorest-american-children","start":141,"end":161}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre la postura de Bernie sobre la desigualdad económica aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":48,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿por qué Bernie? ¿Está él realmente comprometido con estos asuntos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sí. Bernie repetidamente ha respaldado esfuerzos para reducir la pobreza y apoyar a aquellos que son los más vulnerables. Él votó a favor de WIC en 1993. Él ha estado en contra de la continua privación de derechos hacia los pobres y la “proliferación de millonarios y multimillonarios en este país”. Bernie está convencido de que nadie debe pasar hambre, especialmente mujeres, niños y bebés.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":54,"end":72},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/senate\/bernie_sanders.htm","start":125,"end":137},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/buzz\/war-on-poverty","start":183,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wk0-eKo5rIk?t=3m39s","start":237,"end":284}],"anchors":[{"name":"homelessness","point":392}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Carencia de Vivienda","type":"h2"},{"text":"Es inaceptable que en uno de los países más ricos del mundo aproximadamente 3.5 millones de estadounidenses carezcan de vivienda  en el transcurso de un año.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":76,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿De verdad hay tantas personas sin hogar en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Tristemente, sí. En 2013, el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano estimó que en , más de 600,000 estadounidenses están sin hogar. De estos estadounidenses sin hogar, casi 50,000 son veteranos militares. Y a pesar de que la falta de vivienda pueda ser difícil de medir en el transcurso de un año, las cifras anuales de personas sin hogar son aún peores; el Centro Nacional de Derecho de las Personas sin Hogar y en Pobreza estima que entre 2.5 y 3.5 millones de estadounidenses sufren la falta de vivienda cada año. Adicionalmente, más de 7 millones de estadounidenses han “perdido sus hogares y están viviendo con terceros debido a la necesidad económica”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/ahar-2013-part1.pdf","start":74,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.endhomelessness.org\/pages\/snapshot_of_homelessness","start":179,"end":209},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":447,"end":484}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Más de medio millón de estadounidenses están sin hogar cada noche — y 50,000 veteranos? Esto es horrible. ¿Qué ha dicho Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“Esto es claramente inaceptable.” Bernie está especialmente preocupado que los veteranos que sirvieron a nuestro país están haciendo la transición del servicio militar y están terminando en las calles. En 2008, Bernie esbozó pasos específicos que él veía como críticos para abordar la carencia de vivienda:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":1,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":218,"end":242}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Voy a estar desempeñando un papel muy activo para proporcionar soluciones a estos serios problemas. En primer lugar, estaré al frente de la lucha para lograr un incremento de $800 millones a la asistencia de calefacción del hogar. En el país más rico de la tierra, debemos hacer todo lo que podamos para asegurar que nadie sienta frío este invierno”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"“Voy a trabajar con el senador Sherrod Brown para promulgar la adición de $40 millones más hacia el Programa de Asistencia Alimentaria de Emergencia para garantizar que los bancos de alimentos en Vermont y en todo el país tengan la comida que necesiten para que nadie pase hambre este invierno. Voy a trabajar con el senador Patrick Leahy para asegurar la promulgación de la Ley Agrícola que proporcionaría $6 millones más en asistencia nutricional a los vermontianos a través de un incremento en el programa de cupones para alimentos y asistencia federal para Bancos de Alimentos de Vermont. Y voy a trabajar con el senador John Kerry para aprobar la Ley del Fondo Fiduciario Nacional de Vivienda Asequible para proveer los recursos necesarios para construir al menos 1.5 millones de unidades de alquiler de vivienda asequible en la próxima década, y a la vez crear 1.8 millones de nuevos trabajos en el proceso”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie también aplaudió al Papa Francisco por la emisión de una exhortación apostólica que denunció deliberadamente al sistema económico que permite tal falta de vivienda: “¿Cómo puede ser que no anuncien los noticieros el hecho de que una persona sin hogar de la tercera edad muere debido a los elementos, pero es noticia cuando la bolsa de valores pierde 2 puntos?” Tras la publicación de esta exhortación, Bernie comentó:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":15,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En agosto de 2011, Bernie dijo, específicamente en respuesta a las preocupaciones sobre los veteranos sin vivienda adecuada:","type":"quote"},{"text":"“La falta de vivienda de los Veteranos es una vergüenza nacional. En los últimos años hemos hecho algunos progresos en la reducción de la tasa de falta de vivienda de los veteranos en Vermont y en todo el país, pero aún tenemos un largo camino por recorrer\".","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bueno, Bernie ha dicho mucho acerca de la falta de vivienda. Pero, ¿qué ha hecho en realidad al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Como se ha mencionado en la sección de vivienda asequible anterior, Bernie ha luchado constantemente para hacer vivienda asequible disponible para todos los estadounidenses. Específicamente, Bernie ayudó a crear a dos organizaciones en Vermont para asegurar que los precios de la vivienda se mantuvieran asequibles y votó a favor de $70 millones adicionales en vales para viviendas bajo Sección 8.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":28,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":206,"end":232},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":322,"end":329}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Además, Bernie presentó legislación que crea un Fondo Fiduciario de Vivienda Asequible. Este programa permitió que $3.92 mil millones se distribuyeran en subvenciones en bloque para ayudar a hacer la vivienda más accesible a los estadounidenses, incluyendo el gasto de $57 millones para ayudar a los Veteranos discapacitados a adaptarse a sus hogares. Sheila Crowley, la presidenta de la Coalición Nacional de Vivienda Social elogió a la aprobación de la legislación para crear el Fondo de la Vivienda, llamándolo “una gran victoria” para las personas sin vivienda y para los pobres.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":88,"end":101},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":426,"end":466}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie también presentó la ley preventiva para Veteranos sin Hogar de 2013 cuyo objetivo era eliminar por completo la falta de vivienda entre los Veteranos antes de 2015, argumentando que hay que “eliminar las barreras … a la vivienda para los veteranos”. El proyecto de ley fue fuertemente respaldado por John Driscoll — presidente de la Coalición Nacional para Veteranos sin Hogar — quien llamó a la ley para Veteranos sin hogar “el proyecto de ley más comprensivo y adecuadamente financiado en la historia del Congreso”.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":7,"end":23}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Social Security","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#social-security","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Social-Security-Benefits-Application-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Social-Security-Benefits-Application.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Public Assistance","type":"h1"},{"text":"Social Security","links":[{"href":"#social-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","links":[{"href":"#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF): When families do not have enough money to meet the needs of the family, we must help them so they can stay in their home and remain together.","links":[{"href":"#tanf","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","links":[{"href":"#nutritional-programs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","links":[{"href":"#homelessness","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan The Right to a Secure Retirement to protect and expand Social Security, protect Pensions, Expand the Older Americans Act, and so much more. He has also released a Housing for All plan that would make it a fundamental right to have a safe, decent, accessible, and affordable home.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/housing-all\/","start":199,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"Social Securitytrust fund$132,900fix Social Security","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL33028.pdf","start":15,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/COLA\/cbb.html","start":25,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":33,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"insurance program for workersIn 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/trsum\/","start":29,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Social Security important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Insurance system less than 10 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less reliable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here ya’ go","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds like there’s a lot at stake.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Quite a bit remain solvent until 203375 percent of promised benefitsdon’t have a pension insufficient savings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":11,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":37,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/06\/13\/heres-how-many-americans-have-nothing-at-all-saved-for-retirement.html","start":68,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/making-sense\/report-4-out-of-5-americans-have-less-than-a-years-income-saved-for-retirement","start":88,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s in the bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Social Security benefits by about $65 a month for most recipients.","Increase cost-of-living adjustments for Social Security recipients.","Provide a minimum Social Security benefit to significantly reduce the senior poverty rate."]},{"text":"Bernie’s plan$132,900 and $250,000 would not be subject to the payroll tax 1.5 percentplanKeeping our Social Security Promises Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":13,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":74,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":86,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s500\/BILLS-113s500is.pdf","start":90,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"next 52 years","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense.  But what about cost of living increases, won’t that bankrupt the system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 1980, you would have gotten some change back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.slv.vic.gov.au\/whatitcost\/groceries","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce the amount of Social Security benefits CPI-Wspend a large portion of their income lower monthly benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":46,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":52,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":89,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie have to say about chained CPI?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statement on the floor of the Senate in 2012 here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":45,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","type":"h2"},{"text":"crisis in affordable housinghelp working families by providing affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.lasvegassun.com\/news\/2019\/apr\/29\/we-cannot-continue-to-ignore-the-crisis-in-afforda\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2018\/12\/01\/us-housing-crisis-inexcusable-says-bernie-sanders-when-wall-street-bailed-out-after","start":28,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"understands","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":35,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":45,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":54,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":91,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.boingboing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/S3YO5UNIFE4HJA3Y4IUJQH3ZHI.png.jpeg?w=1484&ssl=1","type":"img","width":1484,"height":1259},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/bxs1676\/f\/styles\/column\/public\/images\/Screen%20Shot%202018-06-13%20at%2012.33.34%20PM.png?itok=1-4EH4iK","type":"img","width":826,"height":411},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to address the lack of affordable housing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"effortsHe knows what it’s like to struggle to pay the billslong history of fighting for affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/services\/housing","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2019\/06\/03\/bernie-sanders-i-know-where-i-came-from-does-president-trump\/","start":7,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":59,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"held a roundtable discussion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sandersinstitute\/videos\/207631740038080\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing Plansaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housingwire.com\/articles\/36822-bernie-sanders-announces-sweeping-housing-agenda","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":23,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"three ideas to help battle gentrificationGreenville, S.C. housing trust fundrent-control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/news\/2016\/12\/18\/greenville-affordable-housing\/95584980\/","start":41,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/politics\/amp\/Bernie-Sanders-backs-CA-rent-control-measure-13345525.php","start":76,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Housing Trust Fundcontinues to support","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":19,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["build affordable housing for low and moderate-income people","build affordable and ADA compliant housing for the disabled","build, repair or rehabilitate affordable rental units ","assist first-time home buyers ","ease the harmful effects of foreclosures and delinquencies","revitalize neighborhoods in communities hit hard by foreclosures"]},{"text":"voted Yea  fought","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-267.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"remembered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create Champlain Housing Trust Community and Economic Development Office model is spreading success of the CHTInfrastructure page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=_2YjBm2_JGUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Outsider+in+the+House+by+Bernie+Sanders&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjum7Kc4NHiAhUqTBUIHSJWBroQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Outsider%20in%20the%20House%20by%20Bernie%20Sanders&f=false","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":6,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/dollarsandsense.org\/archives\/2005\/0305fireside.html","start":30,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":72,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/hud-secretary-addresses-needs-of-rural-states","start":91,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":110,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance for Needy Familiesgrant money to states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R44668.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/answers\/programs-for-families-and-children\/what-is-tanf\/index.html","start":39,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states must spendengage in work activitiesreduce or terminate benefits“full-family” sanction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":42,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":70,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"24% of the grant money is actually spent on direct cash assistancespent on programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL32748.pdf","start":66,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy2015_tanf_moe_national_data_pie_charts.pdf","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/ofa\/resource\/state-tanf-spending-2015-factsheet","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF cash assistance5.8 million families with children live in povertypoverty line","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":20,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":70,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/8-21-18tanfcbf1.png?itok=8gpd6udA","type":"img","width":580,"height":505},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF benefits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy16_characteristics.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/qz-production-atlas-assets\/charts\/atlas_S1gxhwzj7@2x.png","type":"img","width":656,"height":409},{"text":"Source","type":"h4"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R43634.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF is so low that it leaves families in deep povertymap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":54,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/maximum_tanf_benefits_leave_families_below_fpl_2018_2_1-01.png?itok=AHq-AtyP","type":"img","width":580,"height":644},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support families who need TANF?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Welfare Reform ActBill Clintondoubled the number of people living in extreme povertyhurt America’s poorest families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centreforpublicimpact.org\/case-study\/personal-responsibility-and-work-opportunity-reconciliation-act-the-clinton-welfare-reform\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2019\/may\/01\/biden-2020-past-better-candidate","start":18,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/mar\/02\/bernie-s\/sanders-welfare-reform-more-doubled-extreme-povert\/","start":30,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/mar\/07\/clinton-era-welfare-reforms-american-poor-bernie-sanders","start":84,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"discussedvoted againstBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/718578025843937280","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/2791\/8311\/27110\/welfare-reform-act-of-1996#.XPeG-4-xU2w","start":9,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/718582565930606592","start":22,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2003-30.htm","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","type":"h2"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Poverty Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1074.html#3","start":38,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/Publications\/err125\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is SNAP? How does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So who is receiving food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SNAP recipients make up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"56 percent to 100 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fns-prod.azureedge.net\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/Reaching2016-Summary.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Stamped","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foodstamped.com\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much of the federal budget is spent on SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billion allocated to SNAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":16,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If we are already funding SNAP, why do we need WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC WIC program leads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better health care for children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":15,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other food assistance programs are there and where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"school lunch programschool breakfast programspecial milk programsummer food service program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/nslp\/national-school-lunch-program","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sbp\/school-breakfast-program","start":20,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/smp\/special-milk-program","start":44,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sfsp\/summer-food-service-program","start":64,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"receive breakfast believes that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":18,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should Americans pay for programs like WIC and the School Lunch Program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"attentiveness in school decreases","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"math scores","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"socioeconomic status brain health","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":21,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. study in 2000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":25,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"in the fetal childhood developmental stages need more vitamins and minerals adverse health effects more susceptible child nutrition adulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":76,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":99,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":132,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food assistance for seniors: Meals-on-Wheels","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporterbipartisan legislation S.1562,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":38,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Banks & Food Pantries","type":"h3"},{"text":"Emergency Food Assistance Programone of severalUnder TEFAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs\/the-emergency-food-assistance-program","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs","start":33,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":47,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"help fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"So, how did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/share\/medicaid-map","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationvoted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":23,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","type":"h2"},{"text":"HUD’s Annual Point-in-Time Count17 out of every 10,000 people  38,000 were military veterans36,000 young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resource\/5783\/2018-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/homelessness-statistics\/state-of-homelessness-report\/","start":32,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/veterans\/","start":62,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/youth\/","start":92,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"3.5 million Americans experience homelessness rising in Los Angeles7.4 million Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/ktla.com\/2019\/06\/04\/l-a-county-to-release-results-of-homeless-count-on-tuesday\/","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":68,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/homeless-usa-percentage-map.png","type":"img","width":1139,"height":653},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can’t people just go to a shelter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Shelterschildren are often removedfelonyalcohol or substance abuse not always safecleanaren’t enough bedsstressful","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/ne3ym7\/half-a-million-people-experience-homelessness-every-night-in-the-us-but-that-number-is-changing","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5760188\/","start":8,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2017\/04\/15\/felons-wanting-to-start-over-struggle-to-re-enter-society\/","start":34,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2015\/04\/16\/400125730\/homeless-shelter-opts-to-close-instead-of-accepting-people-on-drugs-alcohol","start":40,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brc.org\/why-would-homeless-person-not-want-go-shelter","start":67,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":82,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":87,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":105,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Over half a million Americans homeless every night – and 38,000 veterans? That’s horrible. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"This is clearly unacceptable Bernie outlined specific steps","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":28,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"applauded","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie remarked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, Bernie’s said a lot about homelessness. But what has he actually done?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing section two organizationssingle-room occupancy apartments","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":27,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":45,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced This program hailed the passage of legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"also introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013who called the bill[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/HEY13224.pdf","start":16,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":56,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre Asistencia Publica","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders es un firme defensor de los programas de asistencia pública y los beneficios sociales que estos aportan. Estos no son “obsequios” para “welfare queens” como fueron estigmatizado por los Republicanos durante la era de Reagan — son herramientas esenciales que el gobierno federal puede y debe utilizar para llegar a una sociedad más equitativa y justa.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#social-security","label":"Seguro Social","description":"El Seguro Social debe ser fortalecido y ampliado."},{"href":"#pension-benefits","label":"Prestaciones para Pensionarios","description":"Además del Seguro Social, muchos estadounidenses dependen de las pensiones para su jubilación. Las leyes recientes que han reducido el financiamiento de programas de pensiones deben ser revocadas."},{"href":"#childcare-and-education","label":"Cuidado Infantil y Educación","description":"Todos los niños merecen una educación de calidad y las familias merecen acceso a cuidado infantil de calidad para sus niños."},{"href":"#affordable-housing","label":"Vivienda Asequible","description":"La vivienda asequible debe estar dentro del alcance de trabajadores estadounidenses que trabajan a tiempo completo."},{"href":"#nutritional-programs","label":"Programas Nutricionales","description":"Todos los estadounidenses deben tener acceso a comida nutritiva independiente de ingreso y movilidad."},{"href":"#homelessness","label":"Carencia de Vivienda","description":"Es inaceptable que tantos estadounidenses se encuentren sin domicilio fijo. Tenemos que aumentar la disponibilidad de vivienda asequible y trabajar para reducir la falta de vivienda entre veteranos."}]},{"text":"Seguro Social","anchors":[{"name":"social-security","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Debemos fortalecer y ampliar el sistema de Seguro Social.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Antes de que el Presidente Franklin Roosevelt presentara el sistema del Seguro Social, más de la mitad de las personas de edad avanzada vivían en la pobreza. Hoy en día, debido al Seguro Social, ese número está por debajo del 10 por ciento. Bernie está convencido de que reforzar este monumental programa contra la pobreza es imperativo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":211,"end":239},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":285,"end":322}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A nadie le gusta la pobreza. Pero, ¿qué es exactamente el Seguro Social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El Seguro Social es un programa federal de diversos niveles que incluye varios programas de asistencia social y seguridad social. El Seguro Social te puede proveerte tanto a ti como a tu pareja y a otros miembros de tu familia con prestaciones cuando te jubiles, en el caso de que te incapacites o (sin afán de ser unos aguafiestas) cuando fallezcas. En otras palabras, no es solamente para “personas de edad avanzada”. De hecho, el Seguro Social es también conocido como el OASDI (por sus siglas en inglés), que significa programa de Seguro para la Vejez, los Supervivientes, y la Incapacidad.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":3,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":523,"end":593}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sí, sí. Pero, ¿puedo ver un video que lo explique con gráficos y buena música?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Claro. Aquí te va:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":12,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lHAcy4SNVbo","id":"lHAcy4SNVbo"},{"text":"¿Por qué es tan importante el Seguro Social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Roosevelt concibió el Seguro Social — o lo que élllamó “seguridad social” — para abordar el problema permanente de la seguridad económica de las personas de edad avanzada. Esto creó “un sistema contributivo relacionado con el empleo en el que los trabajadores habrían de proveer por su propia seguridad económica mediante impuestos pagados durante su vida laboral”. La visión original del Seguro Social era formar un “taburete con tres patas” en combinación con pensiones de empresas y ahorros personales. Sin embargo, en los años recientes, las otras dos piernas del taburete se han vuelto menos fiables.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/briefhistory3.html","start":177,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":591,"end":604}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Suena como si hubiera mucho en juego.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bastante. El Seguro Social está actualmente proyectado a mantenerse financiado hasta 2033. Si no hacemos nada, va a pagar únicamente 75 por ciento de las prestaciones prometidas. Hay que tener en mente que pensiones, ahorros, propiedades de casa y otras formas de equidad están disminuyendo así que no tan sólo es de suma importancia mantener el Seguro Social sino también reforzarlo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":57,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":133,"end":177},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":343,"end":383}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué dice Bernie sobre todo esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Al anunciar la presentación de su Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social él dijo,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":34,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“El Seguro Social es el programa del gobierno más exitoso en la historia de nuestra nación. A través de buenos y malos momentos, la seguridad social ha pagado todas las prestaciones adeudados a cada estadounidense eligible… La forma más efectiva de reforzar el Seguro Social para el futuro es eliminar las restricciones sobre el impuesto de nómina en todos los ingresos por encima de $250,000 para que los millonarios y multimillonarios paguen la misma porción que todos los demás”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Eso suena bien, pero quiero saber más acerca de esta ley.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Para empezar, la Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social haría que los estadounidenses más ricos paguen su parte justa. Actualmente, la cantidad de ingresos sujetos al impuesto sobre la nómina tiene un límite de $118,500. Eso significa que alguien que gana millones de dólares al año paga la misma cantidad en impuestos de nómina que las personas que ganan $118,500 al año.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/731","start":17,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La nueva legislación sometería a todos los ingresos sobre $250,000 al impuesto sobre la nómina, lo que afectaría a sólo el 1.5 por ciento superior de todos los asalariados. Con este nuevo impuesto sobre la nómina, los prestaciones del Seguro Social aumentarían aproximadamente $65 al mes para la mayoría de los beneficiados. También incrementaría los ajustes del costo de vida y proporcionaría un beneficio mínimo del Seguro Social para reducir significativamente la tasa de pobreza de nuestros adultos mayores.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":123,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Muy bien, me intriga. ¿Cómo puedo aprender más?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Puedes leer toda la Ley para la Expansión del Seguro Social aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":60,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído hablar de algo llamado IPC encadenado para el Seguro Social. ¿Qué es un IPC encadenado?","type":"h3"},{"text":"CPI-W","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fvXuANd2l80","id":"fvXuANd2l80"},{"text":"Si se instituyera, ¿cómo afectaría una fórmula IPC encadenada a los beneficios del seguro social?","type":"h3"},{"text":"las prestaciones del Seguro Socialgastan una parte mayor de sus ingresos en atención médicaprestaciones mensuales más bajas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":34,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":91,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He oído que tanto demócratas como republicanos han propuesto un IPC encadenado. ¿Cuál es la postura de Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"han apoyado un IPC encadenadoEl presidente Barack ObamaLey para Proveer para la Defensa Común de 2013","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/fact-checker\/post\/history-lesson-whos-responsible-for-chained-cpi\/2013\/04\/20\/23a002d6-a9d5-11e2-a8e2-5b98cb59187f_blog.html","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/20\/obama-social-security_n_4824915.html","start":29,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/3639","start":55,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"una declaración en el pleno del Senado en 2012","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"aquí","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8Y-u0UnKZ_U","id":null},{"text":"Prestaciones para Pensionarios","anchors":[{"name":"pension-benefits","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En diciembre de 2014, el Congreso aprobó una ley que permitió recortes drásticos a programas de pensión de múltiples empleadores o PME (MPBs, por sus siglas en inglés). Antes de que se aprobara esta ley, era ilegal hacer recortes a un plan de pensiones que ya se había acordado y ganado por los empleados. Bernie opina que es necesario revocar esta ley para restaurar las pensiones de los jubilados que han dedicado toda su vida a trabajar para una jubilación decente. A través de sus contribuciones y trabajo duro, se les prometió seguridad financiera durante la jubilación, la cual ahora se ve amenazada debido a esta ley. Bernie planea restablecer todos los programas de pensiones que fueron eliminados, y lo hará cerrando los vacíos fiscales para las corporaciones ricas.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":306,"end":318}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un programa de pensión de múltiples empleadores?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un programa de pensión de múltiples empleadores (PME) es un contrato financiero entre dos o más empresas en una industria que proporciona prestaciones a todos sus empleados. Estos programas de prestaciones suelen ser iniciados por los sindicatos de trabajadores y se establecen mediante la negociación colectiva.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":3,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":213,"end":261},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":290,"end":311}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hay dos tipos de planes: PMEs de bienestar y PMEs pensionales. Los PMEs de bienestar proporcionan cualquiera de lo siguiente: seguro colectivo de vida, seguro de discapacidad, seguro médico, seguro legal, seguro de desempleo, o vacaciones pagadas. Los PMEs pensionales proporcionan beneficios de ingresos en la jubilación. Para ambos tipos de planes, todos los trabajadores en la unión deben contribuir al PME para poder acceder a las prestaciones que proporciona cuando llegue el momento; y el tamaño de los beneficios es directamente proporcional al número de años de servicio del empleado.","type":"p"},{"text":"Me parece justo. ¿Cuál es exactamente el problema?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bueno, hasta hace poco, era ilegal realizar cambios en un PME pensional que ya se había acordado, y que los empleados de un sindicato ya habían comenzado a pagar. Sin embargo, en diciembre de 2014, el presidente Obama firmó la Ley General de Gastos (H.R.83), lo que permitió a las empresas hacer recortes drásticos a todos los existentes PMEs pensionales. Mientras que en 2012, había más de 2000 PMEs pensionales con un valor neto de más de $600 mil millones de dólares, en la actualidad se estima que el alcance de estos planes de pensiones será reducido en un 60 por ciento.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":224,"end":257},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":369,"end":376},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":562,"end":575}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque los jubilados de más de 80 años de edad están completamente protegidos de estos recortes, los jubilados de edades entre 75 y 79 años sólo están protegidos de manera parcial, y los menores de 75, por lo general, no están protegidos en absoluto. Esto significa que la mayoría de los trabajadores que han estado pagando hacia sus PMEs pensionales por toda la vida van a perder las pensiones que han ido acumulando. Las mujeres jubiladas, en particular, están gravemente afectadas por esta ley.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":151,"end":179},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":463,"end":483}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¡Eso es realmente injusto! ¿Por qué está pasando esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Ahora mismo, Estados Unidos se está enfrentando a un déficit de más de $1 billón con respecto al pago de las prestaciones de jubilación. Los recortes implementados por la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos son un intento desesperado para hacer frente a este déficit mientras al mismo tiempo proveen prestaciones de pensión a los más vulnerables — a jubilados mayores de la 80 años.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":50,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738,"caption":"Fuente","source":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647"},{"text":"¿A dónde se ha ido todo ese dinero de las pensiones?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay unas cuantas explicaciones. En primer lugar, la tasa de crecimiento de las personas mayores está incrementando rápidamente en Estados Unidos — un resultado de la envejeciente población de los llamados “baby boomers”. Esto está causando problemas en toda la economía estadounidense, poniendo presión en el estado de las PMEs pensionales.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1464018\/","start":250,"end":284}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sin embargo, muchos economistas coinciden en que la principal razón para el déficit es la Gran Recesión de 2008, que dio lugar a enormes pérdidas en las carteras de inversión, incluyendo a los de PMEs. Esto hizo que los gobiernos estatales cambiaran sus presupuestos de una manera que estabilizara los intereses empresariales a costa de la seguridad de la jubilación de los trabajadores. Aún más, en lugar de ser distribuida equitativamente a todos los empleados, la mayor parte del dinero recaudado a través PMEs pensionales ha sido desviado exclusivamente hacia los salarios y los ingresos de jubilación de ejecutivos de alto nivel.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":13,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":240,"end":266},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":609,"end":633}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Esto me parece un problema grave. ¿Qué ha dicho Bernie acerca de esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie votó en contra de la aprobación de la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos, diciendo, “en lugar de invertir en la reconstrucción de nuestra infraestructura para crear millones de puestos de trabajo que paguen dignamente, este mal proyecto de ley permitiría que las empresas abandonaran las promesas que hicieron a sus trabajadores mediante la reducción de las prestaciones de pensión de los jubilados actuales\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":68,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Desde que se aprobó el proyecto de ley, Bernie ha luchando con insistencia a favor de los sindicatos para restablecer los PMEs pensionales. En junio de 2015, él patrocinó la Ley Para Cumplir Nuestras Promesas Pensionales (KOPPA, por sus siglas en inglés) — un proyecto de ley que revierte las consecuencias de la Ley Ómnibus de Gastos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":174,"end":220}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En su discurso de presentación de este proyecto de ley, Bernie dijo:","type":"p"},{"text":"“Los jubilados que han trabajado arduamente no deberían tener que dudar de su seguridad en la jubilación. Hicimos un compromiso hace 40 años a los trabajadores de este país que las empresas nunca abandonarían sus promesas pensionales. Necesitamos restaurar ese compromiso.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Ve el discurso completo aquí:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IrruQYzRNKQ","id":"IrruQYzRNKQ"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"El KOPPA establecería “un fondo de legado dentro de la Corporación de Garantía de los Beneficios Jubilatorios (PBGC, por sus siglas en inglés) para asegurar que los programas pensionales de múltiples empleadores puedan seguir proporcionando prestaciones de pensión para todos los estadounidenses elegibles en las décadas por venir”. Bernie planea financiar el programa mediante el cierre de vacíos fiscales para las corporaciones ricas.","type":"p"},{"text":"En un cuestionario administrado por la AFL-CIO, Bernie también argumentó:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":6,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Lo más importante que podemos hacer para preservar y ampliar los planes de pensiones es facilitar la afiliación de los trabajadores a los sindicatos. Una de las razones más significativas por el declive en planes pensionales definitivos es que los derechos de los trabajadores a unirse y negociar por mejores salarios, prestaciones y condiciones de trabajo se han visto gravemente socavados.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre cómo Bernie aboga por los sindicatos y los Derechos de los Trabajadores aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":44,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cuidado Infantil y Educación","anchors":[{"name":"childcare-and-education","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Los estadounidenses merecen cuidado infantil y educación temprana más asequible y de mejor calidad.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que el cuidado infantil y educación de calidad debe ser accesible para todos:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/an-economic-agenda-for-america-12-steps-forward","start":20,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Con ambos padres a menudo en el trabajo, la mayoría de las familias de la clase obrera no puede localizar cuidado infantil asequible y de calidad que necesitan para sus hijos. Una educación de calidad en Estados Unidos, desde el cuidado infantil a la educación superior, debe estar al alcance de todos. Sin un sistema educativo accesible y de alta calidad no seremos capaces de competir a nivel mundial y nuestra calidad de vida seguirá en declive.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Si esperamos que ambos padres trabajen a tiempo completo, entonces tiene que haber acceso a cuidado infantil confiable para los hijos de estas familias.","type":"p"},{"text":"Me parece razonable. ¿Qué pasa?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Según  un informe de Child Care Aware de 2012, “En 35 estados y en el Distrito de Columbia, el costo anual promedio para el cuidado infantil en una guardería era más alto que el costo de la colegiatura estatal y gastos correspondientes en una universidad pública de cuatro años. Mientras hablaba en un mesa de debate con el Fondo de Educacional Every Child Matters, Bernie dijo que en Estados Unidos el cuidado infantil es un “desastre”. Bernie ha propuesto la Ley Cimientos para el Éxito para ayudar a abordar estas faltas, “la cual proveerá a todos los niños … de las edades de 6 semanas al kinder, acceso a un programa de cuidado infantil y educación temprana de tiempo completo, de alta calidad y apropiado para su desarrollo”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.naccrra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/default_site_pages\/2012\/cost_report_2012_final_081012_0.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2015\/07\/24\/sanders-talks-kids\/30645061\/","start":427,"end":435},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":461,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dirigiéndose al secretario de Educación, Arne Duncan, Bernie argumentó que “si hablamos de valores de la familia, si hablamos de que los niños son la esperanza y el futuro de este país, entonces tenemos que prestar atención a los más vulnerables entre nosotros. Necesitamos una revolución en el cuidado infantil”.","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/35SGZ5aR6tc?start=130","id":"35SGZ5aR6tc"},{"text":"Pero ¿qué pasa cuando estos niños crecen?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie quiere que los niños tengan acceso a la educación temprana, incluyendo Pre-K universal, así como programas de cuidado infantil con apoyo educacional. En referencia a su Ley Cimientos para el Éxito, él dijo, “En una sociedad con nuestros recursos, es inconcebible el no invertir adecuadamente en nuestros niños desde las primeras etapas de su vida”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/294","start":176,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":208,"end":212}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo va Estados Unidos en la educación temprana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"De 36 países, Estados Unidos ocupa el puesto 17 de la competencia lectora, 27 en la competencia matemática, 20 en la alfabetización de la ciencia, y 18 en general en la educación secundaria. De 1960 a 2006, caímos del primer lugar al lugar 18 de entre 24 países industrializados.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/PISA-2012-results-US.pdf","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estos son sólo números sin significado, ¿verdad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Incorrecto. Si hubiéramos cerrado esta brecha a partir de 1998, se estima que nuestro PIB podría haber sido $2.3 billones más al llegar a 2008. ¿Qué te parecen esos números?","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":108,"end":142}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. Entonces, ¿qué ha hecho Bernie para tratar de mejorar la educación temprana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2011, Bernie presentó la Ley de Cimientos para el Éxito. De haber sido aprobado, el proyecto de ley hubiera concedido una subvención a diez estados que les permitiría crear un sistema de Cuidado y Educación Temprana. Algunos de los beneficios incluyen: proporcionar a todos los residentes del estado la oportunidad de inscribir a niños de seis semanas de edad a la edad del kinder, en un programa de cuidado y educación temprana a tiempo completo. Este proyecto de ley le daría a cada niño la oportunidad de desarrollar habilidades físicas, sociales y emocionales; y mejoraría la preparación escolar contribuyendo al desarrollo cognitivo, habilidades de carácter, y el desarrollo físico de cada niño.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":28,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":179,"end":218}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más en las páginas de Educación y de los Niños.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":49,"end":54}],"anchors":[{"name":"affordable-housing","point":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vivienda Asequible","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie cree que todas las familias merecen una vivienda asequible.","type":"h3"},{"text":"En diciembre de 2014, Bernie hizo el siguiente comentario acerca de los costos de la vivienda:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":58,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“No es ningún secreto que en la última década, los ingresos no han reflejado el ritmo de los crecientes costos de la vivienda.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Actualmente, la vivienda asequible está fuera del alcance de muchas familias trabajadoras estadounidenses. Según el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo, “una familia con un trabajador a tiempo completo que gana el salario mínimo no puede pagar el alquiler a precio del mercado local por un apartamento de dos habitaciones en cualquier lugar de los Estados Unidos”. De hecho,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":107,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Las familias que pagan más del 30 por ciento de sus ingresos en vivienda se consideran cargados de costos y pueden tener dificultad al pagar necesidades como alimento, ropa, transporte y cuidado médico. Se estima que unos 12 millones de inquilinos y propietarios de hogares ahora pagan más del 50 por ciento de sus ingresos anuales por la vivienda.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"No hay ningún estado en la Unión, en donde un trabajador de salario mínimo puede gastar debajo del 30 por ciento de sus ingresos en un apartamento de un dormitorio basado en los precios del mercado.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/minimum-work-hours-needed-to-pay-rent.png","type":"img","width":883,"height":664},{"text":"¿Qué está haciendo Bernie para abordar los problemas de vivienda?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está a la vanguardia en los esfuerzos para proporcionar viviendas asequibles para familias trabajadoras. Durante su primer cargo electo como alcalde de Burlington, él luchó por las familias obreras que iban a perder sus hogares. Un vacío en la financiación federal permitió que los propietarios convirtieran esos apartamentos en condominios de lujo. Bernie no iba a permitir que eso sucediera:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":171,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Bernie le dio un puñetazo a la mesa de reuniones en su oficina y le dijo a los propietarios, ‘De ninguna manera vas a desplazar a 336 familias trabajadoras. No vas convertir Northgate en una vivienda de lujo’”, recordó John Davis, ex-asistente de vivienda para el alcalde Sanders. Hasta el día de hoy, Northgate Apartments sigue siendo propiedad de la gente que vive allí. Northgate tiene “restricciones de largo plazo para mantener los edificios asequibles para las familias trabajadoras”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie ayudó a crear el Champlain Housing Trust (CHT) y la Oficina de Desarrollo Comunitario y Económico (CEDO). CHT y CEDO aseguraron que los costos de vivienda no fueran sujetos al mercado y que se mantuvieran asequibles para las familias trabajadoras. CHT recibió un premio de las Naciones Unidas en 2009, y el modelo se está expandiendo a países como Australia, Bélgica, y el Reino Unido.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":24,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/dollarsandsense.org\/archives\/2005\/0305fireside.html","start":59,"end":111},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":321,"end":340}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha llamado la CHT uno de sus logros que le han dado más orgullo como alcalde. Un comunicado en la página web del Senado de Bernie describe el éxito de la CHT:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/hud-secretary-addresses-needs-of-rural-states","start":146,"end":164}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“El Champlain Housing Trust es ahora el fideicomiso de tierras comunitario más grande del país, con más de 4,000 miembros y 2,000 viviendas asequibles en el noroeste de Vermont. El concepto se ha extendido: en la actualidad hay fideicomisos de vivienda basados en la comunidad en cada área de Vermont, y se han convertido en la base de una red de vivienda asequible única en la nación”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"La lucha de Bernie para la vivienda asequible ha continuado a lo largo de su carrera. Él votó a favor de la prestación de $70 millones para vales de viviendas bajo Sección 8, que se agregarían al financiamiento del programa de vales de viviendas bajo Sección 8 y financiaría 10,000 vales adicionales de vivienda asequible.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":89,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2008, Bernie luchó para el Housing Trust Fund (Fondo Fiduciario de Vivienda), “que desempeñará un papel importante en la construcción de viviendas asequibles para las personas de ingresos bajos y moderados, así como para las personas con discapacidad”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":30,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bd1HszxR_6I","id":null},{"text":"PROGRAMAS NUTRICIONALES","anchors":[{"name":"nutritional-programs","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Cada vez más y más familias estadounidenses y sus hijos están pasando hambre.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Según el Centro Nacional de la Niñez en la Pobreza,  un 22 por ciento de los niños estadounidenses vive por debajo del nivel de pobreza — $23,550 al año para una familia de cuatro. Estudios realizados demuestran que para cubrir gastos básicos, una familia de cuatro personas necesita por lo menos $44,700 al año, una cantidad que es casi el doble del nivel de pobreza.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":9,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1074.html#3","start":181,"end":200}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Al considerar esto, aproximadamente el 45 por ciento de los niños viven en familias de bajos ingresos. Tales niveles altos de niños que viven en la pobreza o familias de bajos ingresos es vergonzoso para el país más rico del planeta. Una nutrición adecuada es quizás más importante que cualquier otro factor en la infancia, de hecho hay varios estudios que indican que es crucial para el desarrollo adecuado del cerebro.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3607807\/","start":337,"end":352}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿quiénes reciben cupones de alimentos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque puede haber algunos que se aprovechan del Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria (SNAP), alrededor del 45 por ciento de todos los beneficiarios son niños. El SNAP para Mujeres, Infantes y Niños (WIC, por sus siglas en inglés) es un programa esencial que ayuda a bebés a mantenerse sanos, a tener dietas más nutritivas y a mejorar servicios de salud para los niños. Adicionalmente, las personas con discapacidad representan el 19.8 por ciento, los de la tercera edad representan el ocho por ciento, mientras que los adultos sin hijos y sin discapacidades constituyen 23.6 por ciento de las personas que reciben cupones de alimentos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":143,"end":160},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":212,"end":215},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":246,"end":266},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":428,"end":442}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En otras palabras, la gente que recibe cupones de alimentos son los más vulnerables.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Es cierto que la personas que reciben cupones de alimento acaban por comprar comida rápida y cigarrillos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los beneficiarios de SNAP sólo tienen permitido comprar alimentos para el hogar y semillas para cultivar un huerto. Esto significa que los beneficiarios de SNAP no pueden comprar alcohol, cigarrillos, tabaco, artículos no alimentarios, suplementos, medicamentos, alimentos calientes, y comida rápida o las comidas de restaurantes. En muchos casos — para los que viven en áreas afectadas por la pobreza— el acceso a los productos frescos es limitado, aunque esa tendencia está cambiando gracias a algunos empresarios progresistas. Claro, siempre habrá personas que tratarán de jugar con el sistema — tal como demuestra este ejemplo — pero eso no debe descontar a las personas que realmente necesitan ayuda.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":56,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":371,"end":401},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":504,"end":528},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":618,"end":630}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pero yo trabajo duro. ¿Por qué debería preocuparme por SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La forma en la que una nación trata a sus ciudadanos menos afortunados dice mucho de un país. ¿Debería una gran nación como Estados Unidos sólo preocuparse por los resultados económicos y finales? ¿Está nuestra nación tan consumida con el dinero que vamos simplemente a negarnos a ayudar a los necesitados? A todos los estadounidenses se les debe dar el apoyo que necesitan para tener éxito, en lugar de descuidarlos o explotarlos.","type":"p"},{"text":"Con el aumento de la desigualdad de ingresos, el aumento de la financiación nutricional y alimentaria es esencial.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que a las personas que realmente necesitan ayuda no se les debería negar el acceso a SNAP. En 2012, él votó en contra de limitar la elegibilidad y bonificaciones para SNAP en las Enmiendas del Senado 2172 y 2165.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":116,"end":130},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":160,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie también ha hablado en contra de la reducción de los cupones de alimentos, diciendo, \"en tiempos en que las personas más ricas de este país se hacen cada vez más ricas y la clase media está desapareciendo, es más que vergonzoso hacer cortes en los programas de alimentos y nutrición”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":15,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Demos un paso atrás. ¿Cómo ha cambiado la desigualdad de ingresos en los últimos años?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La desigualdad de ingresos se encuentra en su más alto nivel desde la Gran Depresión. Actualmente, el 0.3 por ciento de la riqueza es propiedad del 40 por ciento inferior de los estadounidenses, mientras que el 84 por ciento de la riqueza está en manos del 20 por ciento superior.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":61,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":211,"end":238}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Este impacto también se siente en el salario mínimo federal, que llegó a su nivel más alto en 1968 — $8.54 (en dólares del 2014). Con estas cifras, es difícil imaginar a alguien ganando el salario mínimo, trabajando a tiempo completo, y cubriendo sus necesidades básicas. Echa un vistazo a este ilustrativo presupuesto mensual que McDonald's le sugirió a sus empleados en 2013.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":73,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":178,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":295,"end":326}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/ratio-of-household-wealth-to-nation.png","type":"img","width":1190,"height":584,"caption":"Distribución histórica de la Riqueza"},{"text":"¿Pero deberíamos realmente gastar dinero en programas de cupones para alimentos? Digo, ¿no debiéramos enfocarnos en fijar un presupuesto y abordar nuestro déficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante el año fiscal 2015, el 53.71 por ciento de los gastos discrecionales fue a las fuerzas armadas, cantidad que ascendió a $598.49 mil millones. Compara esa cantidad con los $76 mil millones asignados a SNAP en 2014. ¿Por qué estamos dispuestos a gastar tanto en proteger a nuestros ciudadanos de amenazas extranjeras, pero tan escépticos en proteger a nuestros ciudadanos de las amenazas en casa, como el hambre?","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":128,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":196,"end":212}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/38fALIl.png","type":"img","width":680,"height":400,"caption":"Presupuesto Discrecional del Año Fiscal 2015, del"},{"text":"Además, estos programas pueden ser financiados por medio de aumentar los impuestos sobre los miembros más ricos de la sociedad. Considera las estimaciones que el 25 por ciento de los millonarios pagan menos impuestos que los miembros de la clase media.¿Está bien eso? Mientras que muchos han afirmado que el hacer que los ricos paguen su parte justa de impuestos paralizará a la economía, un estudio reciente reveló que esto no es el caso.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":162,"end":194},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":201,"end":216},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":392,"end":408}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entiendo. Entonces, ¿qué tiene que decir Bernie acerca de estos programas de nutrición?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Refiriéndose a los intentos implacables de recortar estos programas de nutrición, Bernie dijo, “Es inconcebible que el gobierno federal pueda recortar la asistencia alimentaria y nutricional a los estados mientras nuestra nación lucha por recuperarse de la peor recesión desde la Gran Depresión”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":89,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En una entrevista en línea, Bernie también expresó su consternación por el hecho de que hay “unos 46 millones y medio de personas en Estado Unidos viviendo en la pobreza. Muchas personas han experimentado los salarios más bajos. Trabajando 40\/50 horas por semana. Están viviendo en la pobreza”. Mientras tanto, “el 22 por ciento de nuestros niños están viviendo en la pobreza”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conforme la disparidad económica va en aumento, los programas de WIC que ayudan específicamente a las madres, los bebés y los niños serán especialmente importantes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie tiene una larga historia respaldando las necesidades de las mujeres, bebés y niños. En 1993, co-patrocinó el proyecto de ley 1993-H1722 para financiar completamente el programa WIC. También firmó el proyecto de ley 2009-SR67 que fomentaba financiación para que los niños de bajos ingresos puedan recibir desayunos en la escuela. Bernie está convencido de que, “Cuando hablamos sobre el futuro de América, no podemos estar hablando de dar la espalda a los niños de este país”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":100,"end":112},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":296,"end":320},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":343,"end":365}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Si ya estamos financiando SNAP, ¿por qué necesitamos a WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El programa WIC está diseñado específicamente para mujeres, bebés y niños que necesitan asistencia nutricional. En 2014, se estimó que 46.7 millones de personas estaban viviendo en la pobreza, según la Oficina del Censo de Estados Unidos. 15.5 millones de personas que vivían en la pobreza tenían 18 años de edad o menos, constituyendo el 21.1 por ciento de esa cifra.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/about\/overview\/","start":135,"end":148},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/09\/16\/poverty-household-income_n_5828974.html","start":161,"end":191},{"href":"http:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/hunger-in-america\/impact-of-hunger\/hunger-and-poverty\/hunger-and-poverty-fact-sheet.html","start":297,"end":320}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, se estima que en 2011, había 8.6 millones de hogares en donde madres solteras eran la cabeza de la familia en comparación con 2.6 millones de hogares con padres solteros. Aunque el número de padres solteros está aumentando, el 23 por ciento de los padres solteros viven por debajo del umbral de pobreza en comparación con el 43 por ciento de las madres. Si comparas la tasa de la pobreza infantil de Estados Unidos a la de otros 35 países, Estados Unidos viene en penúltimo lugar, justo por encima de Rumanía, de acuerdo a un informe de la UNICEF. Finlandia está en el primer lugar, mientras que Noruega está en el segundo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/07\/02\/the-rise-of-single-fathers\/","start":45,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/07\/02\/the-rise-of-single-fathers\/","start":341,"end":368},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2013\/04\/15\/map-how-35-countries-compare-on-child-poverty-the-u-s-is-ranked-34th\/","start":550,"end":562}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/relative-child-poverty.jpg","type":"img","width":421,"height":622,"caption":"Estadísticas UNICEF Mundiales de Ninos en la pobreza"},{"text":"¿Darle atención especial a WIC no es una forma de discriminación?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Se han realizado numerosos estudios que sugieren que la salud de un individuo comienza en las etapas del desarrollo fetal e infantil. Nutricionalmente, las mujeres embarazadas necesitan más vitaminas y minerales que la persona común. Si la madre no recibe los nutrientes adecuados pueden ocurrir efectos de salud adversos. Si hay deficiencias en la dieta de una mujer embarazada, su bebé será más susceptible al crecimiento lento, trastornos neurológicos e incluso la muerte. Junto al desarrollo infantil, la nutrición infantil es igualmente importante ya que a menudo influye en la salud de una persona en la edad adulta.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":105,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":124,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":176,"end":211},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":296,"end":321},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":388,"end":408},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":509,"end":527},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":607,"end":621}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué deberían los estadounidenses pagar más dinero para programas como WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prestar atención especial a las mujeres, infantes y niños puede influir en la eficacia de otros programas gubernamentales. Por ejemplo, si un niño no tiene acceso a un desayuno, su atención en la escuela disminuye. De acuerdo a publicaciones como el Periódico Estadounidense de la Nutrición Clínica, Pediatría, y la Revista de la Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría Infantil y Adolescente, la falta de acceso a comida puede dañar las calificaciones de matemáticas de los niños y puede influir en que los niños “repitan un grado, lleguen tarde a la escuela o pierdan el día por completo”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":178,"end":213},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":437,"end":466}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Por lo tanto, el financiamiento educativo es menos exitoso sin la financiación nutricional y alimentaria. El éxito educativo también influye en el futuro estatus socioeconómico de un individuo. Además, la nutrición juega un papel en la salud cerebral — según el Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. — así como un estudio en 2000 que mostró cómo los estudiantes alimentados con “dietas nutritivamente densas” tenían “un 40 por ciento menos de la conducta violenta y otros comportamientos antisociales que el grupo de control con placebos”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":154,"end":176},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":236,"end":250},{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":262,"end":286},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":301,"end":316}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué está diciendo Bernie sobre estos temas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie siempre ha hablado francamente acerca de la injusta brecha de la riqueza. Él ha afirmado que “en los últimos años, hemos visto una proliferación de millonarios y multimillonarios en el país, y sin embargo, más del 50 por ciento de los niños en nuestras escuelas públicas es de tan bajo ingreso que es elegible para el almuerzo gratis o para los programas escolares de comida a precios reducidos”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":84,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha alabado frecuentemente a las estructuras gubernamentales escandinavas y las prestaciones que estas aportan a sus ciudadanos ya que sufren menos pobreza que en Estados Unidos. Bernie opina que el futuro de Estados Unidos reside en la salud de nuestras madres, bebés y niños.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cz0u2FH5Bnk","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/29\/why-cant-america-be-sweden\/","start":82,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.demos.org\/blog\/1\/12\/15\/poorest-norwegian-children-are-twice-rich-poorest-american-children","start":141,"end":161}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre la postura de Bernie sobre la desigualdad económica aquí.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":48,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿por qué Bernie? ¿Está él realmente comprometido con estos asuntos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sí. Bernie repetidamente ha respaldado esfuerzos para reducir la pobreza y apoyar a aquellos que son los más vulnerables. Él votó a favor de WIC en 1993. Él ha estado en contra de la continua privación de derechos hacia los pobres y la “proliferación de millonarios y multimillonarios en este país”. Bernie está convencido de que nadie debe pasar hambre, especialmente mujeres, niños y bebés.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":54,"end":72},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/senate\/bernie_sanders.htm","start":125,"end":137},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/buzz\/war-on-poverty","start":183,"end":213},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wk0-eKo5rIk?t=3m39s","start":237,"end":284}],"anchors":[{"name":"homelessness","point":392}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Carencia de Vivienda","type":"h2"},{"text":"Es inaceptable que en uno de los países más ricos del mundo aproximadamente 3.5 millones de estadounidenses carezcan de vivienda  en el transcurso de un año.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":76,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿De verdad hay tantas personas sin hogar en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Tristemente, sí. En 2013, el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano estimó que en , más de 600,000 estadounidenses están sin hogar. De estos estadounidenses sin hogar, casi 50,000 son veteranos militares. Y a pesar de que la falta de vivienda pueda ser difícil de medir en el transcurso de un año, las cifras anuales de personas sin hogar son aún peores; el Centro Nacional de Derecho de las Personas sin Hogar y en Pobreza estima que entre 2.5 y 3.5 millones de estadounidenses sufren la falta de vivienda cada año. Adicionalmente, más de 7 millones de estadounidenses han “perdido sus hogares y están viviendo con terceros debido a la necesidad económica”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/ahar-2013-part1.pdf","start":74,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.endhomelessness.org\/pages\/snapshot_of_homelessness","start":179,"end":209},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":447,"end":484}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Más de medio millón de estadounidenses están sin hogar cada noche — y 50,000 veteranos? Esto es horrible. ¿Qué ha dicho Bernie al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“Esto es claramente inaceptable.” Bernie está especialmente preocupado que los veteranos que sirvieron a nuestro país están haciendo la transición del servicio militar y están terminando en las calles. En 2008, Bernie esbozó pasos específicos que él veía como críticos para abordar la carencia de vivienda:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":1,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":218,"end":242}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Voy a estar desempeñando un papel muy activo para proporcionar soluciones a estos serios problemas. En primer lugar, estaré al frente de la lucha para lograr un incremento de $800 millones a la asistencia de calefacción del hogar. En el país más rico de la tierra, debemos hacer todo lo que podamos para asegurar que nadie sienta frío este invierno”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"“Voy a trabajar con el senador Sherrod Brown para promulgar la adición de $40 millones más hacia el Programa de Asistencia Alimentaria de Emergencia para garantizar que los bancos de alimentos en Vermont y en todo el país tengan la comida que necesiten para que nadie pase hambre este invierno. Voy a trabajar con el senador Patrick Leahy para asegurar la promulgación de la Ley Agrícola que proporcionaría $6 millones más en asistencia nutricional a los vermontianos a través de un incremento en el programa de cupones para alimentos y asistencia federal para Bancos de Alimentos de Vermont. Y voy a trabajar con el senador John Kerry para aprobar la Ley del Fondo Fiduciario Nacional de Vivienda Asequible para proveer los recursos necesarios para construir al menos 1.5 millones de unidades de alquiler de vivienda asequible en la próxima década, y a la vez crear 1.8 millones de nuevos trabajos en el proceso”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie también aplaudió al Papa Francisco por la emisión de una exhortación apostólica que denunció deliberadamente al sistema económico que permite tal falta de vivienda: “¿Cómo puede ser que no anuncien los noticieros el hecho de que una persona sin hogar de la tercera edad muere debido a los elementos, pero es noticia cuando la bolsa de valores pierde 2 puntos?” Tras la publicación de esta exhortación, Bernie comentó:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":15,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En agosto de 2011, Bernie dijo, específicamente en respuesta a las preocupaciones sobre los veteranos sin vivienda adecuada:","type":"quote"},{"text":"“La falta de vivienda de los Veteranos es una vergüenza nacional. En los últimos años hemos hecho algunos progresos en la reducción de la tasa de falta de vivienda de los veteranos en Vermont y en todo el país, pero aún tenemos un largo camino por recorrer\".","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bueno, Bernie ha dicho mucho acerca de la falta de vivienda. Pero, ¿qué ha hecho en realidad al respecto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Como se ha mencionado en la sección de vivienda asequible anterior, Bernie ha luchado constantemente para hacer vivienda asequible disponible para todos los estadounidenses. Específicamente, Bernie ayudó a crear a dos organizaciones en Vermont para asegurar que los precios de la vivienda se mantuvieran asequibles y votó a favor de $70 millones adicionales en vales para viviendas bajo Sección 8.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":28,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":206,"end":232},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":322,"end":329}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Además, Bernie presentó legislación que crea un Fondo Fiduciario de Vivienda Asequible. Este programa permitió que $3.92 mil millones se distribuyeran en subvenciones en bloque para ayudar a hacer la vivienda más accesible a los estadounidenses, incluyendo el gasto de $57 millones para ayudar a los Veteranos discapacitados a adaptarse a sus hogares. Sheila Crowley, la presidenta de la Coalición Nacional de Vivienda Social elogió a la aprobación de la legislación para crear el Fondo de la Vivienda, llamándolo “una gran victoria” para las personas sin vivienda y para los pobres.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":88,"end":101},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":426,"end":466}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie también presentó la ley preventiva para Veteranos sin Hogar de 2013 cuyo objetivo era eliminar por completo la falta de vivienda entre los Veteranos antes de 2015, argumentando que hay que “eliminar las barreras … a la vivienda para los veteranos”. El proyecto de ley fue fuertemente respaldado por John Driscoll — presidente de la Coalición Nacional para Veteranos sin Hogar — quien llamó a la ley para Veteranos sin hogar “el proyecto de ley más comprensivo y adecuadamente financiado en la historia del Congreso”.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":7,"end":23}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Youth","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-family\/bernie-sanders-on-youth\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5480589878_3af1fb6c31_b-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/5480589878_3af1fb6c31_b.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Free College For All","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6240707542_b7413043c6_o-350x280.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6240707542_b7413043c6_o.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON EDUCATION","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-114s1373is\/pdf\/BILLS-114s1373is.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","links":[{"href":"#college-tuition","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","links":[{"href":"#early-childhood-education","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","links":[{"href":"#educators","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","links":[{"href":"#financial-aid","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","links":[{"href":"#student-loans","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"K-12 Education","links":[{"href":"#k-12-education","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","links":[{"href":"#work-study","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAMers","links":[{"href":"#dreamers","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","links":[{"href":"#increase-teacher-pay","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","type":"h2"},{"text":"S. 1373: College for All Actan editorial for the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bernie-sanders\/why-not_b_7700810.html","start":28,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a comprehensive plan, College for All and Cancel Student Debt, with the goal of making public universities, colleges and trade schools tuition free, increasing funding for HBCUs and MSIs, cancelling student debt, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/free-college-cancel-debt\/","start":42,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"All public colleges and universities should be tuition free.","type":"h3"},{"text":"over $9,000nearly $1,200","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/01\/28\/report-high-textbook-prices-have-college-students-struggling","start":11,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can providing free tuition for students help the United States as a whole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"marked negative effect","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/story\/13175721\/1\/sagging-consumer-spending-could-drag-on-gdp-1-per-quarter.html","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"very often correlated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why should education be a public good and not a private commodity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"watch this brief ATTN: video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/879356025433191\/?type=1","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":11,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rate-avergae-hourly-pay-college-vs-no-college.png","type":"img","width":757,"height":656},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People can certainly succeed without a bachelor’s degree, however education attainment has a large influence in determining life outcomes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pell Grants","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pell_Grant","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has caused these skyrocketing tuition bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"greatly increase tuition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay rates similar to CEOs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does tuition in America compare to other countries?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Watch this video to learn more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/820223108013150\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"what the College for All Act will do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Make public colleges, universities, and trade schools tuition-free.","Fully fund Historically Black Colleges and Universities.","Forgive existing student debt.","Fully paid for by imposing a Robin Hood Tax on Wall Street."]},{"text":"Bernie explains the case for tuition-free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"higher incomes and a higher GDP","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports investing heavily in early childhood education, which includes highest potentia former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":79,"end":95},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":95,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":121,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2016 reportU.S. 18th for reading literacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/PISA-2015-United-States.pdf","start":11,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/","start":15,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unicef report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"most developed countriesWealthier countries spend0.5% and 15 of GDPsuffer","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/berlin\/46299897.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/soc\/PF3_1_Public_spending_on_childcare_and_early_education.pdf","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ECD-Costing-Paper-Final-highres.pdf","start":67,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Quality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Those are just meaningless numbers, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$2.3 trillion higher by 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. So, what has Bernie done to try to improve early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"close this gapcritical stages of developmentQuality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/importance-early-childhood-development\/according-experts\/investment-early-childhood-development-lays","start":14,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":44,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":77,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education Systemenacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":60,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":94,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ok, but how are we going to pay for this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about college and university professors?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about financial aid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"remove requirements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","type":"h2"},{"text":"levels of student debt in our country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.statepress.com\/article\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-speech","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student debt in this country has reached a crisis level.","type":"h3"},{"text":"USSA statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/usatcollege.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/ussa-college-affordability-factsheet.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"neared $30,000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/11\/13\/average-student-loan-debt-hits-30-000","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes student loan interest rates need to be drastically reduced.","type":"h3"},{"text":"a speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-for-higher-ed-funding-revolution","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about new student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"almost in half from 4.32 percent to 2.32","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"eliminate all student debt","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/23\/politics\/bernie-sanders-student-loan-debt-cancellation\/index.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"borrower defense rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studentdebtrelief.us\/student-loans\/bernie-sanders-student-loans\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about people with current student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed to entirely cancel student loan debt with a tax on Wall Street speculation.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/07\/09\/bernie-sanders-cancel-student-debt\/","start":32,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overhaul the K-12 Education System","type":"h2"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education plan for public educationreinvestrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":78,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":88,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actholistic method of educationevaluating students based on their understanding of the curriculumteaching should be one of the best payingstrongly opposevouchers to pay for","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":52,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":80,"end":146},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/no-teacher-in-america-should-have-to-have-a-second-jobor-six-jobsto-make-ends-me\/1727820057272991\/","start":146,"end":187},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/16378.htm","start":187,"end":202},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c105:H.R.2746:","start":202,"end":210},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":211,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act reduce class size to 18 for children in grades 1 to 3Fix America's Schools Today Act (FAST) of 2011, which would aafford small class sizes and programs like art, music, and physical education.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HR1036.htm","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.classsizematters.org\/research-and-links\/","start":39,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S1597.htm","start":92,"end":153},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126171164697661440","start":153,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yesEvery Child Achieves ActElementary and Secondary Education Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00249","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/The_Every_Child_Achieves_Act_of_2015--summary.pdf","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/esea","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Common Core","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in early 2015 against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/anti-common-core-amendment-passes-senate-vote\/article\/2562106","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about school funding?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthy areasopposesStudent Success Actaccording to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":13,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/5","start":20,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/sites\/default\/files\/esea_jointstatement_nabe.pdf","start":39,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Charter Schools","type":"h3"},{"text":"privately managedvoted forCharter School Expansion Act of 1998considered public schools","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll519.xml","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2616","start":26,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.uncommonschools.org\/faq-what-is-charter-school","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AFTNEAshares Bernie’s concern","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aftacts.org\/about-us\/aft-and-charter-schools","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":6,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"need-based financial award","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentaid.ed.gov\/sa\/types\/work-study","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has he proposed about work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expand work-study programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored the reintroduction of the DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/952","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie criticized Obamahis immigration record","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/217697-dreamers-praise-sanders-over-clinton-after-confronting-both-in-iowa","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":23,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":24,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believespaid morecollective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/what-would-sanders-administration-do-k-12-education","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/photos\/pb.9124187907.-2207520000.1434202720.\/10153043292027908\/?type=3&theater","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":17,"end":38}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Youth Employment","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b-350x272.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Youth Employment","type":"h1"},{"text":"4.5 million young people Unemploymenthigher than any other demographicunderemployedhave the opportunity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":25,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/unemployment-rates-higher-young-people-minorities\/","start":38,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":71,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/youth-education-employment\/","start":84,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities and Trainingdisconnected young people","links":[{"href":"#job-opportunities-and-training","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":30,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Access to Education","links":[{"href":"#access-to-education","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice-system-overhaul","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#immigration-reform","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities & Training","type":"h2"},{"text":"How bad is the job situation for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"crisis in youth unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/unemployment-rates-age.png","type":"img","width":1240,"height":1200},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stagnant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/11933.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1171},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"underemployed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/131762-16346.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1152},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to Invest in Jobs and Job Training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"twice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"leader in the Fight for 15cosponsors the 2019 Raise The Wage Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":26,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Jobs Acthad this to say Employ Young Americans Now Actone million jobs $1.5 billion for job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s1170is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s1170is.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-youth-jobs-plan-advances-in-senate","start":15,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactfactsheet?inline=file","start":61,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":77,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"$74 billionsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/insights\/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":11,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"editorial about the epidemic of youth unemploymentproactive plan $5.5 billion for substantial job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/08\/01\/sanders-introduces-bill-aimed-ending-tragic-youth-unemployment-crisis","start":50,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":64,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to create jobs and improve job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Employ Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":30,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a planguarantee a job for every Americansimilarwork guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":6,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":40,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joined offering paid internshipssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/payourinterns\/status\/1126129740216197121","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-presidential-campaigns-pay-interns_n_5cd2ce47e4b0e524a47dad45","start":8,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126177544372461569","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"why young voters love Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/02\/why-americas-youth-loves-bernie-213615","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Access to Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":1,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widespread wage stagnationall young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":26,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explain the case for tuition free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Kids can’t get to college without quality education in early childhood. What has Bernie done to improve access to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke to the importanceEducationChildren","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-testifies-on-education","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":24,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":33,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","type":"h2"},{"text":"over policing809,700 people under 18four times more likely to be arrested most common criminal offenses for young peopleThis map pie chart below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2019\/02\/26\/young-americans-are-more-likely-to-be-arrested-than-previous-generations\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ojjdp.gov\/ojstatbb\/crime\/qa05101.asp","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyfinds.org\/young-americans-more-likely-arrested-older-adults\/","start":36,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalyouthjustice.org\/resources\/top-25-crimes\/","start":74,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/juvenile-justice\/youth-incarceration\/americas-addiction-juvenile-incarceration-state-state","start":120,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/youth2018.html","start":129,"end":144}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/youthpie_2018.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Blacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":52,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":87,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"reportsBLS reportBlack men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2019\/02\/25.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cGFdIEZRH5k","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many things barriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":75,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":103,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what would Bernie do instead?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long time critic of mass incarcerationinequities in the criminal justice system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/27\/18240474\/bernie-sanders-mass-incarceration-president-campaign","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":38,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has saidbelievesdoesn’t believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":15,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":23,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does immigration reform relate to youth employment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How do we bring these undocumented kids out of the shadows?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"conditional resident statuscertain requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nafsa.org\/uploadedFiles\/NAFSA_Home\/Resource_Library_Assets\/Public_Policy\/DREAM%20ActQA510.pdf","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":28,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating a path","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]}]}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Foreign Policy & National Security","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/air-force-one-658419_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/air-force-one-658419_1920.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Border Security","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/#border-security","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/13107520265_462592282f_k-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/13107520265_462592282f_k.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Immigration","type":"h1"},{"text":"said“profoundly broken,”supports immigration reformroughly 11 million undocumented people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3928948\/bernie-sanders-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1111737868710490112","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113071717742792704","start":25,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0201193","start":52,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"labor exploitation“hundreds of new judges”saying thatrescind the bancosponsored seven bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/working\/entry\/18944\/bernie-sanders-coalition-immokalee-workers-florida-tomato-pickers","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-fox-town-hall-immigration_n_5cb50544e4b082aab08ab77a","start":18,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/supreme-court-upholds-trump-muslim-ban","start":42,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/rescind-the-muslim-ban","start":53,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":68,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#need-for-immigration-reform","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","links":[{"href":"#path-to-citizenship","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"#dream-act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","links":[{"href":"#border-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","links":[{"href":"#economic-exploitation","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"81 bills","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"immigration reform platform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Bernie speaks at the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Washington D.C., on June 23, 2016 ","Bernie speaks at an Immigration Town Hall in Los Angeles on June 4, 2016","Bernie speaks at the U.S.\/Mexico Border in Nogales, Arizona on March 19, 2016","Bernie introduces a comprehensive immigration plan on Nov. 24, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Council of La Raza in Kansas City on July 13, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Las Vegas, Nevada, on June 19, 2015"]},{"text":"How has Bernie been personally impacted by immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Polish immigrant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FynNrU76dto","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie supported for immigration reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports DACAalso supports DAPA has calledcurrently held up by the courts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/azdc\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration-reform\/28997883\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals","start":10,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":14,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans","start":28,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/bernie-sanders-daca-donald-rump-dreamers-ugliest-cruel-decision-us-president-history-immigrants-a7931966.html","start":33,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals#Legal_challenges_to_recission","start":43,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dream Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"restructuring ICEvoted against creating the agency","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":17,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenshipcontinues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":39,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Uniting Families Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/296","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Posthumous Citizenship Restoration Act of 2001 Secret Evidence Repeal Act of 2001advance notice of any evidence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2623","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/1266","start":47,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=clevstlrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1297%2526context%253Dclevstlrev%26sa%3DD%26sntz%3D1%26usg%3DAFQjCNFcv-G0VztNjSvzbpBa8Sd4BpLKYQ#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1297%26context%3Dclevstlrev%22","start":82,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/108th-congress\/house-bill\/3987","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Court Improvement Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/116\/s663\/text","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","type":"h2"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenship","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continues to emphasizePutting it more starkly","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":22,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"July 2015 speech","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MxX0jKrOYBU","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"considers it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do people want to be citizens of the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"after becoming a citizen","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/csii.usc.edu\/documents\/citizen_gain_web.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act conditional resident status certain other requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/dream-act-daca-and-other-policies-designed-protect-dreamers","start":65,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":92,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In this video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5GlqMKb4iE","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What are U.S. visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"U.S. visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/us-visas.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What concerns does Bernie have about the use of visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"H-1B guest worker programpointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/top-10-h1b-guestworker-offshore-outsourcing\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/2916827\/bernie-sanders-h-1b-skeptic.html","start":25,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"exploitation“close to slavery.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/bernie-sanders-is-correct-on-immigration\/","start":12,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported visa reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 changes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00168","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744:","start":5,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":86,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"further proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/guide-s744-understanding-2013-senate-immigration-bill","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredwhich would have","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/600","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/a-balancing-act-for-h-1b-visas\/","start":11,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"building a fencevoted says“continues to lie”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2018\/12\/23\/bernie_sanders_border_wall_is_a_waste_of_money_and_i_wont_support_it.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-446.htm","start":17,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2018_CBS_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":23,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2019\/1\/9\/trump_lies_all_of_the_time","start":27,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has supported does not","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/437790-bernie-sanders-blasts-open-borders-theres-a-lot-of-poverty-in-this-world","start":13,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is border security and why is it important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/topic\/border-security","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But shouldn’t we be doing more to secure our border?","type":"h3"},{"text":"is a mythPEW Research Centerrecent increase","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/doliaestevez\/2015\/09\/03\/debunking-donald-trumps-five-extreme-statements-about-immigrants-and-mexico\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/11\/27\/u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-total-dips-to-lowest-level-in-a-decade\/","start":9,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/trump-administration-overwhelmed-record-border-crossings-asylum-requests-193500455.html","start":28,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on border security legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/4437?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+4437%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6061?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6061%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6095?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6095%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted forwould have provided","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013","start":9,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. and Canada Border Pactworking to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/new-border-deal-canada-customs-agents-could-work-in-u-s-vice-versa-1.2996454","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-us-and-canada-border-pact","start":27,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the story of exploitation of undocumented immigrants?","type":"h3"},{"text":"hire unskilled workers from Central America and South America at lower wages. These employers often benefit by both exploiting immigrant workers and using these low wage workers to further undermine and","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/roomfordebate\/2015\/09\/03\/is-immigration-really-a-problem-in-the-us\/employers-exploit-unauthorized-immigrants-to-keep-wages-low","start":0,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"poor working conditions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opportunityagenda.org\/explore\/resources-publications\/immigration-policy-solutions-upholding-workers-rights","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to prevent Immigrant Exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protect Our Workers from Exploitation and Retaliation Act (POWER Act)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/workersrights\/poweract\/","start":0,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Immigration Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1348\/text","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"workers’ rights","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Foreign Policy","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/CFK_UN_Assembly_lunch_square-350x350.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/CFK_UN_Assembly_lunch_square.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Afghanistan","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-afghanistan\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Local_men_dance_outside_of_the_Zhari_District_Center_Kandahar_province_Afghanistan_Dec_111224-A-VB845-369-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Local_men_dance_outside_of_the_Zhari_District_Center_Kandahar_province_Afghanistan_Dec_111224-A-VB845-369.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Afghanistan","type":"h1"},{"text":"The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 resulted in a military conflict in Afghanistan that is still being fought to this day. Although Bernie Sanders voted in a symbolic debate to retroactively support the U.S. military engagement there, he has been appalled by the continued presence of the U.S. in Afghanistan, the resulting casualties, and the debt accrued over the long war.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#9-11-and-the-invasion-of-afghanistan","label":"9\/11 and the Invasion of Afghanistan","description":"After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush authorized an invasion of a country presumed to be harboring the fugitive responsible for the attacks."},{"href":"#the-occupation-of-afghanistan","label":"The Occupation of Afghanistan","description":"U.S. presence in Afghanistan since 9\/11 has been a long and grueling battle that racked up a massive military bill and thousands of casualties."}]},{"text":"September 11th and the Invasion of Afghanistan","anchors":[{"name":"9-11-and-the-invasion-of-afghanistan","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"9\/11 marks a day America will never forget. After President George W. Bush vowed to exact justice on Osama bin Laden, he invaded Afghanistan. Bernie voted in favor of sending troops to Afghanistan in a symbolic debate after the engagement had already begun, and called for discretion in the use of military force.","type":"p"},{"text":"Summarize the major points of 9\/11 again?","type":"h3"},{"text":"On September 11, 2001, two hijacked planes were flown deliberately into the Twin Towers in New York City. The impact of these crashes left gaping holes in both Twin Towers, causing each to eventually collapse. A third hijacked plane was deliberately flown into the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C., severely damaging the building and killing many workers, and a fourth plane was also hijacked but was prevented from reaching its target by passengers who confronted the terrorists. During the passengers' attempt to regain control of the aircraft, the plane crashed into the ground in Pennsylvania. American intelligence agencies soon learned that a terrorist group known as Al-Qaeda was behind the attack, and put a bounty on the head of its leader, Osama Bin Laden. Bin Laden remained at large until May 2, 2011, when he was finally tracked down and killed by U.S. forces at a hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.911memorial.org\/faq-about-911","start":3,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/story\/2004\/10\/30\/bin-laden-claims-responsibility-for-11.html","start":751,"end":766},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/10\/28\/world\/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts\/","start":852,"end":858}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Afghanistan have to do with 9\/11?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Taliban, the fundamentalist political movement that ruled Afghanistan, was accused of providing sanctuary to Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda. The Taliban were driven from power in Afghanistan by the American-led international effort — known as Operation Enduring Freedom — to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Bin Laden’s terrorist network.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-11451718","start":4,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/10\/28\/world\/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts\/\/","start":239,"end":265}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Did Bernie support going to war in Afghanistan? If so, why?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted in favor of the 2001 Authorization of Use of Military Force (AUMF), which he justified by saying,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2001\/h342","start":7,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/congressional-record\/2001\/09\/14\/house-section\/article\/h5638-4\/?q=%7B%22search%22%3A[%22H.J.RES.%22]%7D","start":103,"end":109}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“I will vote for this resolution because I believe that the use of force is one tool that we have at our disposal to fight against the horror of terrorism and mass murder. One\r\ntool but it is not our only tool, and it is something that must be used wisely... and with great discretion.“","type":"quote"},{"text":"It’s important to understand that under the War Powers Act, President Bush already had the legal right to use force without the approval of Congress because America had been attacked. The debate in Congress about whether or not to use military force in Afghanistan “was more symbolic than legally necessary,” according to Bernie.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/warpower.asp","start":44,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/congressional-record\/2001\/09\/14\/house-section\/article\/h5638-4\/?q=%7B%22search%22%3A[%22H.J.RES.%22]%7D","start":309,"end":318}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Occupation of Afghanistan","anchors":[{"name":"the-occupation-of-afghanistan","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"The occupation of Afghanistan has lasted for 14 years, and continues to this day. With a total body count of 2,360 American soldiers since 2001, the U.S. involvement in the war is gradually coming to an end as President Barack Obama withdraws troops. Bernie has been very opposed to extending the occupation of Afghanistan as he felt the military operation there became too disorganized in 2008.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/03\/20\/world\/asia\/more-us-troops-seen-staying-in-afghanistan.html","start":59,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/icasualties.org\/oef\/","start":109,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What happened in Afghanistan after we invaded?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Once the Taliban were driven out of power in 2001, the United Nations established the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to restructure the government of Afghanistan, with NATO taking over the ISAF mission in 2003.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.rs.nato.int\/history.html","start":86,"end":125},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/10\/28\/world\/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts\/","start":218,"end":225}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The fighting died down to smaller skirmishes until 2006, when Afghanistan experienced a violent resurgence of conflicts. The number of suicide bomber attacks in 2006 were five times greater than the year before, while remotely detonated bombings doubled to 1,677.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/afghanistan\/us-war-afghanistan\/p20018","start":96,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. military engagement in Afghanistan continued through the end of the Bush administration and under President Barack Obama until December 2013, when the White House announced that the 13-year war with Afghanistan was officially over.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/story\/military\/pentagon\/2014\/12\/29\/afghanistan-war-officially-ends\/21004589\/","start":168,"end":177}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about the continued effort in Afghanistan?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In 2008, Bernie grew concerned about the situation in Afghanistan, and voted against the Defense Authorization Bill, which authorized $603 billion in military spending, including $69 billion for operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. At the time, Bernie called it an “unwinnable war”:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/47\/military-personnel#.VcGpcpNViko","start":89,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K4MbkcUh2TU","id":"K4MbkcUh2TU"},{"text":"In 2009, Bernie strongly opposed a proposed 40,000 troop surge in Afghanistan, saying it would be “a very, very, very bad idea”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2009\/10\/8\/sen_bernie_sanders_on_acorn_health","start":118,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"After President Obama announced a timetable to withdraw troops in 2011, Bernie released this statement:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-afghanistan","start":79,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"This country has a $14.5 trillion national debt, in part owing to two wars that have not been paid for. We have been at war in Afghanistan for the last 10 years and paid a high price both in terms of casualties and national treasure. This year alone, we will spend about $100 billion on that war. In my view, it is time for the people of Afghanistan to take full responsibility for waging the war against the Taliban. While we cannot withdraw all of our troops immediately, we must bring them home as soon as possible. I appreciate the president's announcement, but I believe that the withdrawal should occur at significantly faster speed and greater scope.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"What is the situation today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"There are still some U.S. troops stationed in Afghanistan. Though they are mostly tasked with training Afghan soldiers to fight the Taliban on their own, U.S. military personnel still support counterterrorism operations in Afghanistan against the remnants of Al-Qaeda.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/04\/08\/asia\/npw-afghanistan-last-us-troops\/","start":16,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2014\/05\/27\/statement-president-afghanistan","start":75,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Meanwhile, the 2015 fighting season between the Taliban and Afghan security forces is turning out to be the bloodiest on record since 2001. Insecurity has significantly increased throughout the country, civilian deaths have risen, and the Afghan security forces are taking large, and potentially unsustainable, casualties.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/05\/26-isis-taliban-afghanistan-felbabbrown","start":15,"end":35}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"China","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-china\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/CHINA-3-350x262.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/CHINA-3.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on China","type":"h1"},{"text":"world's largest economybiggest populationbiggest polluter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/politics-current-affairs\/china-worlds-biggest-economy-2020","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/politics-current-affairs\/china-worlds-biggest-economy-2020","start":23,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rrapier\/2018\/07\/01\/china-emits-more-carbon-dioxide-than-the-u-s-and-eu-combined\/#160ef293628c","start":41,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade Policy","links":[{"href":"#trade-policy","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Build-up","links":[{"href":"#military-build-up","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Human Rights","links":[{"href":"#human-rights","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade Policy With China","type":"h2"},{"text":"opposedtrade relations criticized","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/usnews\/politics\/item\/32206-sanders-criticizes-biden-for-downplaying-china-as-an-economic-threat-to-u-s","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/05\/02\/sanders-slams-bidens-china-trade-stance-in-2020-democratic-primary.html","start":7,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":22,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"loss of over 3.4 million U.S. manufacturing jobs$419 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/press\/the-growing-trade-deficit-with-china-has-led-to-a-loss-of-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-between-2001-and-2017\/","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-china-trade-deficit-causes-effects-and-solutions-3306277","start":49,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is our trade policy with China?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Most Favored Nation status in 1993passed a law to establish Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?18389-1\/us-china-trade-mfn-status","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov\/news\/releases\/2001\/12\/20011227-2.html","start":34,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["GATT: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was the first multilateral free trade agreement. It grew out of the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement that removed the gold standard and created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). GATT began with 23 countries in 1948 and grew to 125 nations and regulated 90 percent of world trade by 1995. GATT eliminated tariffs and trade barriers and increased international trade. China and the U.S. both joined in 1948.","WTO: The World Trade Organization replaced GATT. It oversees existing free trade agreements and settles trade disputes like dumping low priced goods on a market. Since the WTO’s failure to help developing countries in the Doha round in 2006 countries negotiate their own trade agreements. All member countries in the WTO have Most Favored Nation Status.  ","Most Favored Nation Status: Most Favored Nation Status means the country is given the lowest tariffs, the fewest trade barriers, and the highest import quotas. ","PNTR: The U.S. Congress voted to grant permanent most favored nation status to China in 2000 by passing legislation for permanent normal trade relations. "]},{"text":"two main problems with U.S. trade policy with Chinadamage to the U.S. economy and workers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/faculty.som.yale.edu\/peterschott\/files\/research\/papers\/pierce_schott_pntr_20150301.pdf","start":0,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/ALLPOLITICS\/1998\/06\/03\/china.trade\/","start":51,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"PNTRreason that there is an enormous trade deficitChina joineddeveloping countrydeveloping country statusviolates the terms of trade agreementsdumps low cost goodssafety standardsexploitedchild laborWagesenvironment is being destroyed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2018\/06\/normalizing-trade-relations-with-china-was-a-mistake\/562403\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/faculty.som.yale.edu\/peterschott\/files\/research\/papers\/pierce_schott_pntr_20150301.pdf","start":4,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/acc_e\/s7lu_e.pdf","start":50,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2011\/nov\/14\/wto-fails-developing-countries","start":62,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/04\/25\/what-trump-gets-right-about-china-and-trade.html","start":80,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2019\/04\/18\/us-china-world-trade-organization-1366384","start":105,"end":143},{"href":"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2018\/10\/02\/pentagon-accuses-china-of-dumping-products-to-undermine-us-security-rare-earth-minerals\/","start":143,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.intouch-quality.com\/blog\/youre-wrong-chinese-factories-dont-only-make-poor-quality-products","start":163,"end":179},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/1450123\/construction-workers-pay-price-chinas-rush-development","start":179,"end":188},{"href":"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/nation-world\/china-says-child-labor-ring-uncovered\/","start":188,"end":199},{"href":"https:\/\/waronwant.org\/sweatshops-china","start":199,"end":204},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/science\/article\/2166542\/air-pollution-killing-1-million-people-and-costing-chinese","start":204,"end":234}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has been the effect of our trade policy with China?","type":"h3"},{"text":"3.4 million jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/the-china-toll-deepens-growth-in-the-bilateral-trade-deficit-between-2001-and-2017-cost-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-with-losses-in-every-state-and-congressional-district\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/the-china-toll-deepens-growth-in-the-bilateral-trade-deficit-between-2001-and-2017-cost-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-with-losses-in-every-state-and-congressional-district\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Reduced the incomes of directly impacted workers by $37 billion per year.","Cut wages for non-college graduates by $180 billion in 2011 alone.","Redistributed lost income to corporations as higher profits and higher wages to workers with college degrees."]},{"text":"Additionally, the U.S. trade deficit with China has increased since China entered into the WTO.","type":"h3"},{"text":"chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-china-trade-deficit-causes-effects-and-solutions-3306277","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/thmb\/Y8a7zs8JL3syfoToz1y91aRL45Q=\/950x0\/filters:format(webp)\/u-s-china-trade-deficit-causes-effects-and-solutions-3306277-v4-HL-c7c2d2f39bc748c29acdaed43bfb52df.png","type":"img","width":950,"height":633},{"text":"Maybe trade agreements aren’t great for Americans, but don’t they provide millions of jobs for Chinese workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"July 2015 interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s going on? Are we really in a trade war with China?","type":"h3"},{"text":"loss of 3.4 million manufacturing jobsintended goal significantly increasedPNTR was a mistake","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/the-china-toll-deepens-growth-in-the-bilateral-trade-deficit-between-2001-and-2017-cost-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-with-losses-in-every-state-and-congressional-district\/","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/permanent-normal-trade-relations-for-china\/","start":38,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/foreign-trade\/balance\/c5700.html","start":52,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2018\/06\/normalizing-trade-relations-with-china-was-a-mistake\/562403\/","start":75,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opportunity for the U.S. to demandhuman rightsopportunity was lostdelinked trade and human rightslargely ignoredpermanent commission","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/1999\/11\/24\/use-wto-process-push-china-rights","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/asia-and-the-pacific\/china\/report-china\/","start":34,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/notices.californiatimes.com\/gdpr\/latimes.com\/","start":46,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/expert-brief\/promoting-human-rights-us-consistency-desirable-or-possible","start":66,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/10\/18\/china-is-getting-better-at-undermining-global-human-rights\/","start":97,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ictsd.org\/bridges-news\/bridges\/news\/us-house-approves-china-pntr-china-us-sign-environmental-cooperation-pact","start":112,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"devalues its currencycompetitive advantageless U.S. production U.S. jobs are lostintended continues to manipulate its currency","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/trading\/chinese-devaluation-yuan\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.americanautocouncil.org\/currency-manipulation-101","start":21,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.americanautocouncil.org\/currency-manipulation-101","start":42,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/money\/2010\/03\/podcast_why_chinas_central_ban.html","start":62,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/permanent-normal-trade-relations-for-china\/","start":81,"end":89},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/opinions\/what-you-may-not-know-about-china-and-currency-manipulation\/","start":90,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/d1-invdn-com.akamaized.net\/content\/picb4f2f5a959b4421322940481b80b8c08.png","type":"img","width":1200,"height":900},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyprosoftware.net\/u-s-treasury-fx-report-preview-from-trade-war-to-currency-war\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"started a trade war with Chinanational emergency over Chinese threats against US technologyBureau of Industry and Security (BIS) Entity Listdisturbed the marketslikely fail to reduce U.S. trade deficitscurrency manipulationtariffs may make things worsehurt American families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/06\/02\/china-releases-official-document-that-blames-america-for-the-trade-war.html","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/05\/15\/trump-signs-executive-order-declaring-national-emergency-over-threats-against-us-technology.html","start":30,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commerce.gov\/news\/press-releases\/2019\/05\/department-commerce-announces-addition-huawei-technologies-co-ltd","start":91,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/video\/2019\/05\/31\/nine-experts-predict-how-trumps-trade-war-will-affect-markets.html","start":140,"end":161},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/economy\/china-economy\/article\/3004532\/us-china-trade-war-will-not-reduce-trade-deficit-imf-finds","start":161,"end":202},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-04-09\/china-is-said-to-study-yuan-devaluation-as-a-tool-in-trade-spat","start":202,"end":223},{"href":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN","start":223,"end":252},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5587197\/trump-china-trade-war-cost-families\/","start":252,"end":274}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tough approach to Chinasaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/05\/14\/here-is-how-democratic-2020-contenders-will-negotiate-trade-with-china.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/05\/14\/here-is-how-democratic-2020-contenders-will-negotiate-trade-with-china.html","start":23,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think we should do about trade with China?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in the HouseIn 2000 voted against Permanent Normal Trade Relations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/21825#.XO-tdo-xU2w","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2000-09-13\/html\/CREC-2000-09-13-pt1-PgS8444.htm","start":19,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2000\/roll228.xml","start":26,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/106\/plaws\/publ286\/PLAW-106publ286.pdf","start":41,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ten Fair Ways to Reduce the Deficit and Create Jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/top10","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ending free trade policies Bernie argues we must","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":27,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"founding member adopted the CPC’s position papers principles on trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/politics\/article\/Liberal-legislative-caucus-envisions-post-Bush-era-2624238.php","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/International\/Bernie_Sanders_Free_Trade.htm","start":16,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/cpc.grijalva.house.gov\/uploads\/Principles%20for%20Trade%20-%20FINAL%202015.05.051.pdf","start":50,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2019 interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/show\/bernie-sanders-on-trade-with-china-health-care-and-student-debt","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements with China, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":9,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":35,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"From the startFight for $15","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":14,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":33,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":10,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Build-up","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes we must deter China’s military build-up.","type":"h3"},{"text":"sent lettersSouth China Seaopposedsanctioned and violators should be punished for a bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/jun\/19\/bernie-sanders-profile-democrat-presidential-candidate","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/tag\/south-china-sea-conflict","start":13,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr3100\/BILLS-109hr3100rh.pdf","start":28,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr3100\/BILLS-109hr3100rh.pdf","start":35,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2005-374.htm","start":78,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies does Bernie support around this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr3100\/BILLS-109hr3100rh.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Denying participation in cooperative research and development","Prohibiting ownership and control of any business registered as a manufacturer or exporter of defense articles or services","Revoking all licenses relative to dual-use goods or technology","Prohibiting participation in any foreign military sales"]},{"text":"Human Rights","type":"h2"},{"text":"All countries must respect fundamental human rights, including China.","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored legislation cosponsored a congressional resolution","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-SR504.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HCR68.htm","start":23,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Watch","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6X8r2iURX_M","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which policy proposals does Bernie support in this regard?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pushes for China to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/107\/bills\/hconres68\/BILLS-107hconres68ih.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Stop the persecution of all religious practitioners and safeguard fundamental human rights.","Release all religious practitioners, Falun Gong members, and prisoners of conscience from detention and end torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.","Allow the Chinese people to pursue their personal beliefs.","Adhere to the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.","Respect the right of the people of Tibet to speak of the Dalai Lama and possess his photograph.","Allow international journalists free access to China.","Provide a full accounting of the March 2008 protests in Tibet."]},{"text":"cosponsored Reciprocal Access to Tibet Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/821\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s821\/BILLS-115s821is.pdf","start":11,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a resolution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/105\/bills\/hconres44\/BILLS-105hconres44ih.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationhuman rights abusesmass internment and ‘re-education’ of Uighurs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.burlingtonfreepress.com\/story\/news\/local\/2019\/04\/02\/vermonter-heads-capitol-hill-over-chinese-internment-muslims\/3332748002\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/11\/14\/667699261\/one-kazakhs-woman-journey-toward-escaping-china-to-kazakhstan","start":23,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/09\/china-up-to-one-million-detained\/","start":42,"end":87}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Cuba","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-cuba\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/cuba-header-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/cuba-header.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Cuba","type":"h1"},{"text":"commended","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-cuba-announcements","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reversednormalize relationsCuba","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/us-cuba-relations","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ideas\/2258?lang=en","start":8,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/reason.com\/2018\/07\/25\/trump-should-embrace-free-trade-with-cub\/","start":27,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Diplomatic Relations with Cuba","links":[{"href":"#diplomatic-relations-with-cuba","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Diplomatic Relations with Cuba","type":"h2"},{"text":"Go back to the beginning. What happened to create this tension between the U.S. and Cuba in the first place?","type":"h3"},{"text":"taxed American products consolidated trade relations closed the embassy in Havana","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1891359,00.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.historyofcuba.com\/history\/havana\/lperez2.htm","start":24,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/united-states-severs-diplomatic-relations-with-cuba","start":54,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"overthrowing Castro’s regime Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/cuba\/us-cuba-relations\/p11113","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/JFK\/JFK-in-History\/The-Bay-of-Pigs.aspx","start":29,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/JFK\/JFK-in-History\/Cuban-Missile-Crisis.aspx","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Cold War chess match list of state sponsors of terror human rights issues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3875352","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/30\/us\/us-removes-cuba-from-state-terrorism-list.html","start":21,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/cuba\/us-cuba-relations\/p11113","start":54,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about Cuba?","type":"h3"},{"text":"costing American businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-in-delegation-traveling-to-cuba","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduced some of the travel and cellular restrictions Alan Gross released in a prisoner swap","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/cuba\/us-cuba-relations\/p11113","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-2012-12-05\/html\/CREC-2012-12-05-pt1-PgS7637.htm","start":53,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/alan-gross-released-from-cuba-prison\/","start":64,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"shared his hope U.S. delegation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-in-delegation-traveling-to-cuba","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-in-delegation-traveling-to-cuba","start":16,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie applauded Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-cuba-announcements","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/299\/cosponsors","start":17,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"April 2015re-opening of the U.S. embassyremoved from the state sponsors of terrorism list trade embargo","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/04\/11\/politics\/panama-obama-castro-meeting\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/21\/world\/americas\/cuba-us-embassy-diplomatic-relations.html","start":11,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/us-news\/u-s-officially-removes-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism-list-n366621","start":41,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/12\/19\/us\/politics\/obama-intends-to-lift-several-restrictions-against-cuba-on-his-own.html","start":90,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the current state of affairs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reversednormalize relationscooperationupsetdeclared economic wardetrimental and counterproductive","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/us-cuba-relations","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ideas\/2258?lang=en","start":8,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/bcc2c8c03c7443c1a5fedc49e6fc9cd9","start":27,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/04\/17\/politics\/pompeo-us-cuba-enforcement\/index.html","start":38,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/trump-declares-economic-war-on-cuba-115672","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/nacla.org\/news\/2019\/05\/27\/why-trump%E2%80%99s-cuba-policy-so-wrong","start":64,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"now enforcingallow lawsuitsagainst companiesproperty that was nationalized","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/05\/02\/politics\/helms-burton-lawsuits\/index.html","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/usa-cuba-lawsuits\/explainer-trump-allows-lawsuits-over-cuba-confiscated-property-what-you-need-to-know-idUSL5N21Z6FB","start":13,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-cuba-lawsuits\/carnival-first-company-sued-for-profiting-from-expropriated-cuban-property-idUSKCN1S8227","start":27,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/cubanstudiesinstitute.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Expropriated-Properties-in-a-Post-Castro-Cuba-Two-Views.pdf","start":44,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"food salesreluctant to approve transactionsaffecting the food supply","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-cuba-usa-trade-analysis\/trump-crackdown-may-have-thrown-wrench-into-us-cuba-food-trade-idUSKCN1SY1I3","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-cuba-usa-trade-analysis\/trump-crackdown-may-have-thrown-wrench-into-us-cuba-food-trade-idUSKCN1SY1I3","start":10,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/nationalpost.com\/news\/world\/cuba-launches-rationing-in-face-of-economic-crisis","start":43,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about Bernie's position on Guantánamo? That’s in Cuba, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie supports","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-in-delegation-traveling-to-cuba","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against defeated with strong bipartisan support","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2012\/07\/23\/the_obama_gitmo_myth\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2009\/05\/20\/senate-votes-to-block-fun_n_205797.html","start":14,"end":53}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Greece","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-greece\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Hydra-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Hydra.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Greece","type":"h1"},{"text":"Greece is currently in the midst of a severe depression. It has been in financial turmoil since 2008 and hasn’t been able to fulfill the terms of the 2010 bailouts it received from the European Troika, a committee composed of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Central Bank, and the European Commission.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/europe.htm","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":185,"end":200}]},{"text":"Over the past year, the leftist Syriza party gained power by promising to renegotiate these terms, which require severe spending cuts and other austerity measures. The party’s leader and now Greece’s prime minister, Alexis Tsipras said that austerity had led to a “humanitarian crisis” in Greece. As the Troika grows impatient over Greece’s financial instability, they tighten their grip by proposing more severe austerity measures, which Greece continues to reject.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/humanitarian-crisis-brought-on-by-austerity-must-be-eased-greek-pm-alexis-tsipras-warns-eurozone-10032454.html","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":265,"end":284},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/business\/international\/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html?_r=0","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":364,"end":387}]},{"text":"Bernie stands in solidarity with Greece in rejecting the austerity measures.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-071015","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":7,"end":27}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#the-troika","label":"The Troika","description":"Greece’s creditors need to work with the Greek government and people to help create a pro-growth policy."},{"href":"#political-consequences","label":"Political Consequences","description":"Greece’s financial instability doesn’t only have economic consequences, but socio-political ones as well. These should be considered when addressing solutions to the financial crisis."}]},{"text":"The Troika","anchors":[{"name":"the-troika","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports the people of Greece in rejecting the increasingly constricting austerity measures proposed by its creditors. He’s written letters to the managing director of the IMF and U.S. Federal Reserve encouraging these organizations to ease the Troika’s demands:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-071015","start":7,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/07\/06\/bernie-sanders-greek-refe_n_7738352.html","start":243,"end":268}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“In a world of massive wealth and income inequality, Europe must support Greece's efforts to build an economy which creates more jobs and income, not more unemployment and suffering.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"The Troika needs to work with the people of Greece to help create a pro-growth policy","type":"h2"},{"text":"How bad is the situation in Greece?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The situation in Greece is comparable, if not worse than, the Great Depression.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/07\/09\/business\/international\/is-greece-worse-off-than-the-us-during-the-great-depression.html","start":58,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/tL9IiqQ.png","type":"img","width":719,"height":491,"caption":"Greece situation vs. Great Depression"},{"text":"The crisis in Greece, however, is far more than just numbers on a chart. Indeed, the crisis has an enormous impact on daily lives of the people of Greece. From a letter he wrote to the managing director of the IMF managing, Bernie states:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/_cache\/files\/956d0a16-eb74-4a28-939f-f7c44f1e384a\/senate-letter-to-imf-lagarde-on-greek-situation.pdf","start":162,"end":168}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“The cost of austerity in humanitarian terms are clear. 1 in 4 workers are unemployed, and the health system has been cut by 40 percent. Homelessness has spiked by a quarter and HIV cases have increased by 200 percent. Hospitals are missing basic equipment such as surgical gloves, and pharmacies are running our of medicines. Malaria, once under control, is returning because Greek cities can not pay for mosquito spray.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"How did the situation in Greece get so bad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"After Wall Street imploded in 2008, Greece took a hard hit in Europe’s ensuing crisis. Since then, Greece has borrowed money from the Troika, under strict austerity terms that were meant to incentivize more careful spending and borrowing. The €240 billion bailout was given to under the condition that Greece would enact deep budget cuts and steep tax hikes.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/business\/international\/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html","start":36,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"When Greece could not manage to pay back all their debt while at the same time revitalizing their economy, the Troika tightened their grip by proposing harsher austerity measures in exchange for keeping them afloat. Greece, under the leadership of Tsipras, rejected the measures proposed in early July 2015, but has begrudgingly accepted the most recent proposal on July 16.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/business\/international\/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html?_r=0","start":111,"end":138},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2015\/jul\/05\/greece-referendum-early-results-historic-no-vote-against-austerity","start":279,"end":306},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/austerity-is-bad-but-bankruptcy-is-much-worse-says-greece-s-top-spokesman-lefteris-kretsos-1.3166631","start":342,"end":362}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should America care about Greece?","type":"h3"},{"text":"A key worry is that if Greece were to leave the Eurozone because of its debt, it would start an irreversible domino effect throughout the European Union. Countries like Ireland and Portugal, previous recipients of similar bailout money, could be dragged back into an economic crisis. Another concern is that a U.S.-hostile Russia may exert a greater influence on Europe, because some speculate that if Greece left the Eurozone, it may seek Russian aid.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/moneyweek.com\/anatomy-of-a-grexit-what-would-happen-if-greece-left-the-euro\/","start":96,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-33225461","start":431,"end":451}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Americans might also care on moral grounds. In Bernie’s words:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-explains-why-you-should-care-about-whats-happening-to-greece\/","start":56,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“The people of Greece are being told their voices are not being heard. Their misery does not matter. That democracy itself does not matter.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about this situation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie stands with the people of Greece: “I applaud the people of Greece for saying ‘no' to more austerity for the poor, the children, the sick and the elderly.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-071015","start":23,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He supported Greece rejecting the austerity measure in early July 2015. Bernie has been adamant for months about giving Greece a chance to work on getting their economy back up with their new prime minister. Speaking on Closing Bell, Bernie said the following:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WKeyizCv6Xo","start":96,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WKeyizCv6Xo","start":220,"end":232}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“I happen to think that it is absolutely imperative that the ECB, that the Troika in Europe, work with the Greek government, not in an austerity program which punishes people who are already suffering, but in a pro-growth policy which enables them to create jobs, expand their economy, and pay off their debts.”","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WKeyizCv6Xo","id":"WKeyizCv6Xo"},{"text":"What actions has Bernie taken?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has sent a letter to Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen, asking her to provide assurances that American lending policies will not exacerbate the Greek crisis. Further, Bernie sent a letter to the IMF stating:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WKeyizCv6Xo","start":78,"end":96},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/_cache\/files\/956d0a16-eb74-4a28-939f-f7c44f1e384a\/senate-letter-to-imf-lagarde-on-greek-situation.pdf","start":189,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“As ranking member of the Budget Committee, I am concerned about the IMF using U.S. government resources to impose austerity on a people that cannot take any more of it and risking financial contagion and political instability in doing so. I also believe that with the right leadership and choices, the IMF can help resolve this painful situation in a way that recognizes reasonable losses to creditors, while aiding the Greek government in reducing tax evasion and corruption.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Political Consequences","anchors":[{"name":"political-consequences","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"The crisis in Greece is not isolated to economics alone. There are serious potential political ramifications too.","type":"h2"},{"text":"Why might failure to help Greece have political consequences?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie believes that the harsh austerity imposed on Greece could result in government upheaval, similar to how the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles that ultimately led to the rise of Nazi Germany:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-fed-chief-yellen-to-help-greece-overcome-austerity-policies-which-are-destroying-their-economy","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“It would be a terrible mistake for the world to forget what happens when a democratically-elected government, as was the case in Germany in the 1920s, is unable to relieve the severe economic suffering of its people. We must remember that waiting in the wings, should this recently elected Greek government fail, is the neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn party. We cannot allow fascism to come to power in a European country due to our unwillingness to reverse harmful austerity policies.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"In fact, the neo-Nazi, fascist Golden Dawn party is surging in Greece. While they’d attracted only 0.5 percent of the vote a few years ago, it is now the third-largest party in the Greek parliament today, having earned 7 percent of the electorate’s vote.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-explains-why-you-should-care-about-whats-happening-to-greece\/","start":154,"end":173}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie further said:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-explains-why-you-should-care-about-whats-happening-to-greece\/","start":15,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“We should understand that when democracy fails and people cannot get what they voted for because of outside forces it leads to contempt for democracy and people vote for parties like Golden Dawn.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Learn more about Bernie’s stance from economist Costas Panayotakis in this video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vWmg3lNOyqM","id":"vWmg3lNOyqM"}]},{"type":"page","title":"ISIS","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-isis\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15381137476_a586592622_k-350x148.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15381137476_a586592622_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on ISIS","type":"h1"},{"text":"According to a February 2015 Gallup poll, Americans consider the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant — abbreviated as ISIS or ISIL‎ — and the international terrorism they support to be the greatest threat to the United States’ vital interests. These are the main planks of Bernie's position on ISIS:","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/181553\/isis-terrorism-seen-graver-threats-russia-ukraine.aspx","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":13,"end":40}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#a-global-threat-that-must-be-stopped","label":"A Global Threat That Must Be Stopped","description":"ISIS is an incredibly dangerous, powerful, and barbaric organization. For the sake of people in the Middle East and all over the world, they must be stopped."},{"href":"#we-must-learn-from-the-war-in-iraq","label":"We Must Learn From the War In Iraq","description":"In terms of lives lost, injured soldiers, monetary costs, and lasting effects in the region, the Iraq War was a disaster. We need to learn from it so we don’t make the same mistakes twice."},{"href":"#a-coalition-is-required","label":"A Coalition is Required","description":"The United States cannot and should not lead the effort to defeat ISIS on its own. There are enough capable military powers in the region, and the coalition should be led by Middle Eastern allies."}]},{"text":"A Global Threat That Must Be Stopped","anchors":[{"name":"a-global-threat-that-must-be-stopped","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has spoken many times about the very real threat that ISIS poses, and fully supports the notion that they need to be stopped:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3kcb4wKw7Oo?start=18","id":"3kcb4wKw7Oo"},{"text":"What is ISIS and why does everyone keep talking about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"ISIS is a major terrorist group currently attempting to establish an Islamic Caliphate—a group of countries under strict sharia, or Islamic, law—in the Levant region of the Middle East. They are led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and are comprised mostly by militant Sunnis. ISIS has a large standing army, powerful weaponry, and a strong foothold in many key cities and regions in Iraq and Syria, making them a serious threat to the stability and well-being of the Middle East.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/mappingmilitants\/cgi-bin\/groups\/view\/1","start":10,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Levant_(orthographic_projection).png\/600px-Levant_(orthographic_projection).png","start":152,"end":165},{"href":"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/perspective\/profiles\/2014\/06\/30\/The-rise-of-the-new-caliph-ISIS-chief-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi.html","start":202,"end":222},{"href":"http:\/\/webspace.ship.edu\/cgboer\/sunnisshiites.html","start":260,"end":266}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is ISIS such a large threat?","type":"h3"},{"text":"There are conflicting reports on ISIS’ size, but estimates put their numbers anywhere between 50,000 and 200,000 soldiers. They are well-trained, religiously devoted to the cause, control large swaths of Iraqi and Syrian territory, and have stolen hundreds of millions of dollars from captured Iraqi banks. This makes them the wealthiest terror organization on Earth to date. Even worse, because much of the land they’ve been conquering once belonged to the Iraqi Government -- a government which had received $25 billion in military funding from the United States -- ISIS now possesses vast arsenals of weapons and resources.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html","start":105,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Blotter\/isis-incredible-fighting-force-us-special-ops-sources\/story?id=25116463","start":132,"end":144},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-27838034","start":204,"end":230},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/morning-mix\/wp\/2014\/06\/12\/isis-just-stole-425-million-and-became-the-worlds-richest-terrorist-group\/","start":285,"end":305},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/isis-has-52-american-weapons-that-can-hit-baghdad-2014-7","start":604,"end":611}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What makes ISIS so particularly awful?","type":"h3"},{"text":"They are leading a violent, bloody conquest to take over several countries in the middle east, and it’s all being fueled by unwavering religious extremism. A United Nations report states that the group “seeks to subjugate civilians under its control and dominate every aspect of their lives through terror, indoctrination, and the provision of services to those who obey.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.un.org\/apps\/news\/story.asp?NewsID=49338#.Vb_EDJNVhBd","start":158,"end":186}],"type":"p"},{"text":"More specifically, ISIS has been accused of doing countless suicide bombings, committing multiple civilian-massacres, sexually abusing and enslaving women and children, and executing soldiers. They also carry out many forms of public execution, including but not limited to: stoning to death, crucifixions, beheadings, burning people alive, and throwing people from tall buildings. Moreover, civilians that don’t follow Sunni Islam are exiled from their homes, if they are not first killed or taken hostage.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.un.org\/apps\/news\/story.asp?NewsID=48117","start":90,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/08\/28\/us-syria-crisis-idUSKBN0GS10O20140828","start":174,"end":192},{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/isis-publishes-penal-code-listing-amputation-crucifixion-and-stoning-as-punishments--and-vows-to-vigilantly-enforce-it-9994878.html","start":276,"end":292},{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/isis-throws-gay-men-off-tower-stones-woman-accused-of-adultery-and-crucifies-17-young-men-in-retaliatory-wave-of-executions-9986410.html","start":294,"end":306},{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/images-emerge-of-gay-man-thrown-from-building-by-isis-militants-before-he-is-stoned-to-death-after-surviving-fall-10019743.html","start":346,"end":381},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/01\/world\/isis-threat\/","start":437,"end":460}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Many of these war-crimes have been broadcast live by ISIS themselves or used in recruitment videos. The  described the propaganda arm of ISIS as “one of the slickest and most aggressive media operations in the Islamic world, according to experts who track jihadist materials.”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/16\/world\/middleeast\/isis-uses-andre-poulin-a-canadian-convert-to-islam-in-recruitment-video.html","start":105,"end":114}],"anchors":[{"name":"we-must-learn-from-the-war-in-iraq","point":276}],"type":"p"},{"text":"We Must Learn from the War in Iraq","type":"h2"},{"text":"According to Bernie, “the war in Iraq was, from our perspective, a disaster in terms of lost lives -- 500,000 people coming home with various types of injuries and wounds, and huge [monetary] cost.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3kcb4wKw7Oo&feature=youtu.be&t=32s","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Did Bernie support the invasion of Iraq like most other politicians at the time?","type":"h3"},{"text":"No. In 2002, as a congressman, Bernie spoke extensively about the dangers of going to war in Iraq, and warned about the destabilizing impact that a war would cause and how it might lead to a counter-insurgency like we’ve seen, first with al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) and now ISIS:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdFw1btbkLM&feature=youtu.be&list=LLz-dXJxLeAPJSmouG0xxdoA","start":4,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nctc.gov\/site\/groups\/aqi.html","start":238,"end":254}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"I have not heard any estimates of how many young American men and women might die in such a war, or how many tens of thousands of women and children in Iraq might also be killed. As a caring nation, we should do everything we can to prevent the horrible suffering war will cause. War must be the last recourse…..[And] who will govern Iraq when Saddam Hussein is removed? And what role will the US play in an ensuing civil war that will develop in that country? Will moderate governments in the region who have large Islamic fundamentalist populations be overthrown and replaced by extremists? Will the bloody conflict between Israel and the PA be exacerbated?”","type":"quote"},{"text":"He voted against the resolution that gave President George W. Bush permission to invade Iraq.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2002\/h455","start":9,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has the Iraq war impacted Bernie’s position on dealing with ISIS?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In February 2015, in response to a war powers resolution -- a formal request by President Barack Obama to authorize a military campaign against ISIS -- Bernie released this statement:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":35,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-war-powers-resolution","start":173,"end":182}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“I voted against the war in Iraq because I feared very much the destabilizing impact it would have on the region. Today, after 13 years in Afghanistan and 12 years in Iraq, after the loss of almost 7,000 troops and the expenditure of trillions of dollars, I very much fear U.S. involvement in an expanding and never-ending quagmire in that region of the world.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Learn more about Bernie's record on this at the Iraq issue page.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-iraq\/","start":48,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"A Coalition is Required","anchors":[{"name":"a-coalition-is-required","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie believes the United States cannot and should not lead the effort to defeat ISIS on its own, and believes a coalition effort with nations in the Middle East leading the effort is the best way to combat ISIS.","type":"p"},{"text":"Who does Bernie believe should be leading the front against ISIS?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In a September 2014 interview, Bernie said:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WEmIKJUKN5k","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Now if this is such a crisis to the region—Saudis have a big air force, you know. They have a lot of F-16s, why aren’t they involved? Why isn’t Kuwait involved?... We went to war to put the Kuwaiti government back. Where are they? Where are the billionaires in Qatar? If these guys in the region think that ISIS is such a great threat, they gotta put some skin in the game.","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fMy6M4tnKUg?start=52","id":"fMy6M4tnKUg"},{"text":"In February 2015, Bernie expounded on the point that Middle Eastern powers should lead the coalition to defeat ISIS:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-war-powers-resolution","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“I have supported U.S. airstrikes against ISIS and believe they are authorized under current law, and I support targeted U.S. military efforts to protect U.S. citizens. It is my firm belief, however, that the war against ISIS will never be won unless nations in the Middle East step up their military efforts and take more responsibility for the security and stability of their region. The United States and other western powers should support our Middle East allies, but this war will never be won unless Muslim nations in the region lead that fight. It is worth remembering that Saudi Arabia, for example, is a nation controlled by one of the wealthiest families in the world and has the fourth largest military budget of any nation. This is a war for the soul of Islam and the Muslim nations must become more heavily engaged.”","type":"quote"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Iran","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-iran\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Panoramic_photograph_of_Tehran-350x142.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Panoramic_photograph_of_Tehran.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Iran","type":"h1"},{"text":"Nuclear-Free Iran","links":[{"href":"#nuclear-free-iran","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Diplomacy","links":[{"href":"#diplomacy","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conflict Between Iran and Saudi Arabia","links":[{"href":"#conflict-iran-saudi-arabia","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nuclear-Free Iran","type":"h2"},{"text":"Without a nuclear deal, Iran can continue to rapidly develop its nuclear program with few checks in place.","type":"h3"},{"text":"exponentially increased nuclear capabilities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-iran-nuclear-iaea\/irans-most-sensitive-uranium-stockpile-falls-after-nuclear-deal-idUSBREA1J1FX20140220","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/politics\/articles\/2015\/07\/15\/5-things-to-know-about-the-iran-nuclear-deal","start":24,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s number one priority when it comes to Iran?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.niacouncil.org\/congressional-support-for-iran-framework-agreement\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vox","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie said about the Iran Nuclear Agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Iran Nuclear AgreementBernie said Iran nuclear deal a victory","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/i2.cdn.turner.com\/cnn\/2013\/images\/11\/24\/iran.text.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":22,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/trump-and-sanctions-iran-nuclear-deal-explained-six-graphics","start":33,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/247815-sanders-iran-deal-a-victory-for-diplomacy","start":51,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"saidby sayingsaid","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-statement-on-prime-minister-netanyahus-speech-to-congress","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-iran-nuclear-agreement","start":5,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-response-to-trumps-decision-on-iran-nuclear-deal","start":14,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. withdrawal will foster distrustwithdrawal from the agreement is a dangerous act.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B4G7Riodl6Y","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yB-BMWoR-q8","start":36,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But some said that the Iran Deal paved Iran’s way to get a nuclear weapon bomb. What was actually in it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"comprehensive and lengthy agreement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.washingtonpost.com\/g\/documents\/world\/full-text-of-the-iran-nuclear-deal\/1651\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Breakout Time: This is the amount of time it takes to produce enough highly enriched uranium in order to make a bomb. Pre-deal Iran’s breakout time was estimated at about 2 to 3 months. The deal sought to push that breakout time to one year.","Uranium Enrichment & Nuclear Stockpile: Iran produces uranium and has the ability to enrich it using its over 19,000 centrifuges. After the deal, Iran’s centrifuges will scheduled to be reduced by about a third. For the next 15 years, Iran agreed to not enrich uranium above 5 percent, which is the level necessary for fuel used in nuclear power plants. Their stockpile (the amount of enriched uranium stored) was scheduled to be reduced by 97 percent.","Inspections: Bernie and President Obama understood the deal was not dependent on trust, but rather on the ability to inspect and verify Iran’s compliance. Under the deal, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) would have had unprecedented access to enrichment facilities in Natanz and Fordow, centrifuge assembly facilities, storage facilities, uranium mines and reactors.","Sanctions: In return for their compliance, Iran would see a temporary lifting of certain economic sanctions. However, the sanction relief was reversible and would have “snapped back” into place if Iran did not follow the rules of the deal."]},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/deal-curb-iran-nuclear-program.jpeg","type":"img","width":640,"height":1508},{"text":" ","type":"h3"},{"text":"So Bernie believes we must prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon. What does he think about nuclear disarmament in general?","type":"h3"},{"text":"free of nuclear weapons","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-sanders-calls-for-limiting-nuclear-proliferation","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie co-sponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/defense\/236615-lawmakers-look-for-cut-100b-from-nuclear-weapons-budget","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the current state of the Iran Deal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"withdrew from Iran Deal on May 8, 2018urged him not to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/us\/politics\/100000005890373\/trump-pulls-out-of-iran-deal.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2018\/may\/14\/nuclear-deal-trump-america-war","start":38,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would Bernie rejoin the Iran Deal if elected President?","type":"h3"},{"text":"he would rejoin the Iran Deal","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jta.org\/quick-reads\/five-democratic-presidential-candidates-say-they-would-rejoin-iran-deal","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Diplomacy","type":"h2"},{"text":"wants to a new approach noting","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.niacouncil.org\/congressional-support-for-iran-framework-agreement\/","start":23,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/iran-opinion-ballot.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":669},{"text":"Why should we approach international conflicts through diplomacy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"support the Iran nuclear deal, American IsraeliAmericansForeign policy experts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/10\/12\/poll-most-americans-support-the-2015-iran-nuclear-deal-infographic\/#3927741b7d93","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/271988995\/Statement-by-60-National-Security-Leaders-on-the-Announcement-of-a-Joint-Comprehensive-Plan-of-Action","start":31,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/peacenow.org\/entry.php?id=12886#.VbjYfPkXSEf","start":40,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/08\/politics\/poll-iran-agreement\/index.html","start":48,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_04-16-18_tripirscholars\/","start":57,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"who largely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fpa.org\/ckfinder\/userfiles\/files\/NOBR%202013.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"using military force in Iran is the “very last option”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Strategic Arms Limitations Talk","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190111013658\/https:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/trty\/101888.htm","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/static.history.state.gov\/frus\/frus1969-76v32\/pdf\/frus1969-76v32.pdf","start":30,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Beyond the nuclear issue, how else has Bernie engaged with Iran?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated that Senate Concurrent Resolution 11","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/press-center\/c\/anti-semitism-must-be-denounced-worldwide.html?referrer=https:\/\/www.google.com\/#.VbhahmTF-Bw","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-111sconres11rfh\/pdf\/BILLS-111sconres11rfh.pdf","start":12,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted House Resolution 976","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crec\/2006\/09\/20\/CREC-2006-09-20-pt1-PgH6786-2.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hres976\/BILLS-109hres976eh.pdf","start":6,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposed a bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-iran-and-russia-sanctions","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about how Trump has dealt with Iran?","type":"h3"},{"text":"costly and unnecessary warsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/05\/14\/bernie-sanders-delivers-online-address-we-must-not-go-war-iran","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/i\/broadcasts\/1YpJkvDdAkrGj","start":26,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"unconstitutional and illegal\"reminded us that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-vows-to-prevent-trump-administrations-attempted-war-with-iran","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-vows-to-prevent-trump-administrations-attempted-war-with-iran","start":30,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How would Bernie Sanders approach foreign policy as President?","type":"h3"},{"text":"interview with NPR","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/09\/21\/552671703\/bernie-sanders-lays-out-his-foreign-policy-vision","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWar Powers Act of 1973 U.S. troops that are fighting","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-to-vote-on-yemen-resolution-tomorrow","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/warpower.asp","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tag\/trump-administration","start":32,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conflict Between Iran and Saudi Arabia","type":"h2"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Iraq","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-iraq\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/arc-14716-350x237.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/arc-14716.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Iraq","type":"h1"},{"text":"Gulf War and Desert Storm","links":[{"href":"#gulf-war-and-desert-storm","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iraq War and Operation Iraqi Freedom","links":[{"href":"#iraq-war-and-operation-iraqi-freedom","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iraq War Spending Bills to Aid Veterans and Vermonters","links":[{"href":"#iraq-war-spending-bills-to-aid-veterans-and-vermonters","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Rise And Fall Of ISIS In Iraq","links":[{"href":"#the-rise-and-fall-of-isis-in-iraq","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn From the War In Iraq","links":[{"href":"#learn-from-the-iraq-war","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why have we been involved in Iraq for a quarter-century?","type":"h3"},{"text":"forcing out invaded United Nations Security Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/Iraq\/page\/0,12438,793802,00.html","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/frontlineworld\/stories\/iraq501\/events_kuwait.html","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=S\/RES\/660(1990)","start":20,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Gulf War","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Persian-Gulf-War","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iraq Liberation Actsaid the coalition’s missionHussein’s support for terrorismthe alleged ties between Iraq and Al-Qaeda were fabricatedwithdrawal","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/4655","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov\/news\/releases\/2003\/03\/20030322.html","start":19,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2003\/WORLD\/meast\/03\/11\/Iraq.Qaeda.link\/","start":47,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2005\/11\/7\/headlines\/white_house_was_warned_in_2002_iraq_had_no_ties_to_al_qaeda","start":78,"end":136},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/12\/18\/us-iraq-withdrawal-idUSTRE7BH03320111218","start":136,"end":146}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gulf War and Desert Storm","type":"h2"},{"text":"500,000 troops voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110608084842\/http:\/\/www.defense.gov\/news\/newsarticle.aspx?id=14792","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1991\/roll009.xml","start":15,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie propose to do instead of going to war?","type":"h3"},{"text":"speech in the House on January 17, 1991","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4472588\/bernie-sanders-persian-gulf-war","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"terrible mistake that this country would regret for decades to come","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4472588\/bernie-sanders-persian-gulf-war","start":0,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"expanded upon his concernsherehere","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1QetUJHS5rE","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1QetUJHS5rE","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4472588\/bernie-sanders-persian-gulf-war","start":31,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did Bernie feel our military engagement in Iraq would affect our standing in the Middle East?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1QetUJHS5rE?t=54s","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did Bernie feel about the amount of military spending in overseas conflicts?","type":"h3"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1QetUJHS5rE?t=2m52s","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iraq War and Operation Iraqi Freedom","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie voted against resolution to authorize military force","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2002\/h455","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/114","start":21,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Did Bernie support the Iraq War?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoke extensivelyspeech al-Qaeda in Iraq","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdFw1btbkLM","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdFw1btbkLM","start":18,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nctc.gov\/site\/groups\/aqi.html","start":24,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdFw1btbkLM","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about the Bush administration’s planning, execution, and understanding of the Iraq War?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bJH3zC3KaHQC&lpg=PA3050&ots=D5RUkCuYhg&dq=&pg=PA3050#v=onepage&q&f=false","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about the costs of the Iraq War?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Senate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernie-sanders-votes-yes-on-resolution-to-disapprove-of-iraq-war-escalation","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said now that the Iraq War has ended?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saidtown hall in Iowa","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-04-30\/bernie-sanders-joins-growing-chorus-of-clinton-challengers-who-opposed-her-on-iraq","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Dap9fNZIKwc","start":5,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“must focus on diplomacy, not endless war.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1108400767579365376?lang=en","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s voting record on the Gulf War and the Iraq War","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO to the Gulf War - on the resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. (January 1991)","Voted NO to the Iraq War - on the resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. (October 2002)","Voted NO on declaring Iraq part of War on Terror with no exit date. (June 2006)","Voted YES on withdrawing US troops from Iraq by March 2008. (March 2007)","Voted NO on designating Iran’s Revolutionary Guards as terrorists. (September 2007)","Voted YES on withdrawing non-essential U.S. troops out of Iraq in 9 months. (December 2007)"]},{"text":"Iraq War Spending Bills to Aid Veterans and Vermonters","type":"h2"},{"type":"list","list":["2006: Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery","2007: Department of Defense Appropriations Act","2008: Supplemental Appropriations Act","2011: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year"]},{"text":"Why did Bernie vote in favor of those four bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"emergency basis debt ceiling","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/globe\/editorial_opinion\/oped\/articles\/2007\/03\/05\/on_war_costs_bush_is_master_of_disguise\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service\/debt-limit","start":16,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an amendment that provided mental health needs Bernie co-sponsored Bush administration opposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/210622\/press-release-congress-approves-sanders-1-million-grant-for-the-vermont-va-in-defense-appropriations-conference-report","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/gethelp\/tx_programs.asp","start":26,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/354830\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill#.Va-6UfmpciY","start":46,"end":65},{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2008\/05\/22\/gi_bill\/","start":66,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Rise And Fall Of ISIS In Iraq","type":"h2"},{"text":"long before the invasion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2018\/11\/isis-origins-anbari-zarqawi\/577030\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"terrorist group Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Levant region 200,000  Sunniscaptured from Iraqi banks weaponsIraqi and Syrian territoryhave largely been defeatedal Qaedapower vacuumSyria","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/mappingmilitants\/cgi-bin\/groups\/view\/1","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/perspective\/profiles\/2014\/06\/30\/The-rise-of-the-new-caliph-ISIS-chief-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi.html","start":16,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Levant_(orthographic_projection).png\/600px-Levant_(orthographic_projection).png","start":37,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html","start":51,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/webspace.ship.edu\/cgboer\/sunnisshiites.html","start":60,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/morning-mix\/wp\/2014\/06\/12\/isis-just-stole-425-million-and-became-the-worlds-richest-terrorist-group\/","start":67,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/isis-has-52-american-weapons-that-can-hit-baghdad-2014-7","start":92,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-27838034","start":100,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/cisac.fsi.stanford.edu\/mappingmilitants\/profiles\/islamic-state","start":126,"end":152},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/al-qaeda","start":152,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/expert-brief\/al-qaedas-resurrection","start":160,"end":172},{"href":"https:\/\/syriancivilwarmap.com\/","start":172,"end":177}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1QetUJHS5rE?t=54s","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"When Bernie voted against the Iraq War, he explicitly stated his concerns about a power vacuum being created after Saddam Hussein was removed from power.","type":"h3"},{"text":"In 2002, Bernie asked ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NdFw1btbkLM&feature=youtu.be&list=LLz-dXJxLeAPJSmouG0xxdoA","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"several militia groupsBadr Brigades Mehdi ArmyPeshmergalater expandedISIS.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/iraqs-militia-groups","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/iransource\/badr-brigade-among-most-consequential-outcomes-of-the-iran-iraq-war-2","start":22,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/3604393.stm","start":35,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/pub\/2018\/fighting-for-kurdistan\/2-the-evolution-of-the-peshmerga\/","start":46,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/islamic-state","start":55,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/isis","start":69,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Learn From the War In Iraq","type":"h2"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3kcb4wKw7Oo&feature=youtu.be&t=32s","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foreign Policy views","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Israel and Palestine","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-israel-and-the-palestinians\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/ISRAEL-PALESTINE-2-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/ISRAEL-PALESTINE-2.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Israel and Palestine","type":"h1"},{"text":"depressing and difficultbelieves in a two-state solution","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/forward.com\/news\/national\/310087\/is-bernie-sanders-a-lefty-except-for-israel\/#ixzz3hG6CmyYS","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Vf2cCdgwgoM?t=6m26s","start":25,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jewish Heritage","links":[{"href":"#jewish-heritage","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Two-State Solution","links":[{"href":"#two-state-solution","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Benjamin Netanyahu","links":[{"href":"#on-netanyahu","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iran Nuclear Agreement:","links":[{"href":"#iran-deal","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moving the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem","links":[{"href":"#us-embassy","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Boycott, Divest, Sanction Movement (BDS):","links":[{"href":"#bds","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"America Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC):lobbies Congress","links":[{"href":"#aipac","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aipac.org\/about\/what-weve-accomplished","start":48,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jewish Heritage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Is Bernie Sanders Jewish?","type":"h3"},{"text":"decimated the Jewish population stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/killedtable.html","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/Politics\/monitor_breakfast\/2015\/0611\/Bernie-Sanders-I-m-proud-to-be-Jewish","start":32,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Since he’s Jewish, is Bernie also Israeli?","type":"h3"},{"text":"false reports to the contrary","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ombudsman\/2015\/06\/12\/413981429\/diane-rehm-and-a-bungled-interview-with-senator-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Well, Bernie’s Jewish and his family died in the Holocaust. He must support Israel over the Palestinians, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"both have the right to exist100 percent pro-Israeltreat the Palestinian people with respect and dignity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/war-and-peace","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/videos\/politics\/2019\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-israel-middle-east-netanyahu-vpx.cnn","start":29,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/4\/15\/11437832\/bernie-sanders-just-shattered-an-american-taboo-on-israel","start":51,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Two-State Solution","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie hopes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/war-and-peace","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly do you mean by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What does Bernie believe is the best path toward peace between Israel and the Palestinians ?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believesempty rhetoric and violence","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.playboy.com\/articles\/bernie-sanders-playboy-interview","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.playboy.com\/articles\/bernie-sanders-playboy-interview","start":8,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.allmep.org\/allmep_v1\/FY2009SenateLetter.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t both sides employed violent tactics at times?","type":"h3"},{"text":"condemneddesignated as a Foreign Terrorist Organizationfiring rockets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.playboy.com\/articles\/bernie-sanders-playboy-interview","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/ct\/rls\/other\/des\/123085.htm","start":10,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/bullshitphilosophy.wordpress.com\/2009\/02\/07\/statement-from-bernie-sanders-on-gaza\/","start":56,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reprehensible","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TocimL0AT1w&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"distinguishes between supported U.S. legislationnot a great fan","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Diaspora\/Where-does-Bernie-Sanders-the-Jewish-candidate-for-president-stand-on-Israel-412448","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/international\/Bernie_Sanders_Foreign_Policy.htm","start":22,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/thedianerehmshow.org\/shows\/2015-06-10\/the-2016-presidential-race-a-conversation-with-democratic-candidate-and-vermont-senator-bernie-sanders","start":49,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"increasingly expressed support for the people of Israel, but not its current government","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.people-press.org\/2019\/04\/24\/u-s-public-has-favorable-view-of-israels-people-but-is-less-positive-toward-its-government\/","start":0,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is Bernie’s plan to deal with this seemingly intractable conflict?","type":"h3"},{"text":"speechremain on the campaign trail and hold rallies in the United States","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=RrmWTTXW4_k","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/21\/politics\/bernie-sanders-aipac-israel-speech\/index.html","start":6,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I am very critical of Netanyahu’s right-wing governmentcorrupt in many cases, and certainly not effective","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":55,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gaza, with high unemployment and closed bordersleverage to demand talks","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Dap9fNZIKwc","start":47,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Benjamin Netanyahu","type":"h2"},{"text":"“right-wing politician”“is treating the Palestinian people extremely unfairly.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/bernie-sanders-israel-now-run-by-netanyahus-racist-government\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kaOtRUIY4HA&feature=youtu.be","start":23,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Netanyahu is not right all of the time","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/4\/15\/11437832\/bernie-sanders-just-shattered-an-american-taboo-on-israel","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“is now run by a right-wing — dare I say — racist government.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/bernie-sanders-israel-now-run-by-netanyahus-racist-government\/","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In February 2015Netanyahu’s speech to a joint session of Congress.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-02-09\/bernie-sanders-is-skipping-netanyahu-s-speech-to-congress","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/3\/2\/8130977\/netanyahu-speech-explained","start":16,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie gave several interviews","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-on-netanyahus-speech-to-congress","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-on-netanyahu-speech","start":12,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"inappropriately used the appearance for his own political purposes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-on-netanyahu-speech","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie opposes“Nation State law”believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-speech-at-sais-building-a-global-democratic-movement-to-counter-authoritarianism","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2018\/07\/israel-nation-state-law\/565712\/","start":14,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.israelnationalnews.com\/News\/News.aspx\/253034","start":32,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iran Nuclear Agreement","type":"h2"},{"text":"voted against Iran sanctions in 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-iran-and-russia-sanctions","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"saidby sayingwithdraw from the agreement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-statement-on-prime-minister-netanyahus-speech-to-congress","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-iran-nuclear-agreement","start":5,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/us\/politics\/100000005890373\/trump-pulls-out-of-iran-deal.html","start":14,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iran","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-iran\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Moving the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem","type":"h2"},{"text":"oppose moving the U.S. Embassyconcernsstatementhe said:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/moving-us-embassy-to-jerusalem-nikki-haley-fact-check\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/12\/05\/few-members-of-congress-are-concerned-with-potential-for-violence-if-u-s-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital\/","start":30,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-trumps-plan-to-recognize-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel","start":38,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.israelnationalnews.com\/News\/News.aspx\/253034","start":47,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS)calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bdsmovement.net\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bdsmovement.net\/call","start":36,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has the global response been to BDS?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supportdetermined","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/uscpr.org\/campaign\/bds\/bdswins\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/israel-fights-bds-movement-pro-palestinian-campaign-gains-global-support-n965691","start":7,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. colleges and universitiesartists and musicianscultural boycottSomecalled forEurovision song contest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/amchainitiative.org\/israel-divestment-vote-scorecard\/#divestment-resolutions\/search-by-date\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/rateyourmusic.com\/list\/karamaso\/antisemitic-artists-artists-who-support_ed-bds-movement-or-cancelled-gigs-in-israel\/","start":30,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/bdsmovement.net\/cultural-boycott","start":51,"end":67},{"href":"http:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/bds-over-140-worldwide-artists-boycott-eurovision-in-israel\/","start":67,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2019\/jan\/29\/the-bbc-should-press-for-eurovision-to-be-moved-from-israel","start":71,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/topic\/bds\/","start":81,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Israel’s response been to BDS? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prime Minister Benjamin NetanyahuAIPACAnti-Defamation LeaguedeterminedHasbara project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/feb\/18\/israel-boycott-movement-antisemitic-netanyahu","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aipac.org\/learn\/issues\/issue-display\/the-bds-movement","start":33,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.adl.org\/what-we-do\/israel\/anti-israel-activity-bds","start":38,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.middle-east-info.org\/take\/wujshasbara.pdf","start":60,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/opinion\/.premium-propaganda-without-end-amen-1.5369189","start":70,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"20 organizationsJewish Voice for Peacewon the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947detained, then barred","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/israel-news\/israel-publishes-bds-blacklist-these-20-groups-will-be-denied-entry-1.5729880","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/jewishvoiceforpeace.org\/","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/1947\/summary\/","start":38,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/netanyahus-own-goal-detaining-22-year-old-american-ex-bds-activist","start":71,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has the U.S. government response been to BDS? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Anti-boycott lawsThe Israel Anti-Boycott Actrevised version of the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/palestinelegal.org\/righttoboycott","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/720\/text","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cardin.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Amended%20Israel%20Anti-Boycott%20Act.pdf","start":44,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ACLU wrote a letter to Congressunconstitutionalviolated the First Amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/letter\/aclu-letter-house-opposing-israel-anti-boycott-act","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/free-speech\/how-israel-anti-boycott-act-threatens-first-amendment-rights","start":31,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/free-speech\/rights-protesters\/new-israel-anti-boycott-act-still-unconstitutional","start":47,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Boycott Act of 2019Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2019expanddefinition","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1\/text","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/852\/text?r=1&s=4","start":24,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/548748b1e4b083fc03ebf70e\/t\/5ad7b16603ce646d1a0d59d9\/1524085097669\/FAQ+on+Definition+of+Antisemitism+4.18.18+.pdf","start":59,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180117193205\/https:\/\/www.state.gov\/s\/rga\/resources\/267538.htm","start":65,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about BDS?","type":"h3"},{"text":"does not personally support BDSFreedom of ExpressionFreedom of AssociationFirst Amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ajplusenglish\/videos\/bernie-on-palestine-bds\/953404734801034\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/freedom-expression-aclu-position-paper","start":31,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mtsu.edu\/first-amendment\/article\/1594\/freedom-of-association","start":52,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/constitution\/first_amendment","start":74,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-anti-bds-bill","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AIPAC","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is AIPAC and what does it do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"lobbies Congress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aipac.org\/about\/what-weve-accomplished","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"does not contribute directlypolitical candidatesspends 3.5 million dollarsother tacticsinfluence policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2019\/02\/18\/the-first-rule-of-aipac-is-you-do-not-talk-about-aipac\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/02\/aipac-dont-contribute-which-pro-israel-groups-do\/","start":28,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/feb\/15\/pro-israel-donors-spent-over-22m-on-lobbying-and-contributions-in-2018","start":48,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1547435\/the-numbers-behind-ilhan-omars-aipac-tweet\/","start":55,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/aipac-omar-israel-congress-anti-semitism\/","start":74,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/02\/11\/ilhan-omar-israel-lobby-documentary\/","start":87,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with AIPAC and Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"members of Congress and political leadersAIPAC Policy ConferenceMiddle East policy speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.policyconference.org\/gallery\/speakers2019.asp","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/www.policyconference.org\/article\/AboutPC.asp","start":41,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=RrmWTTXW4_k","start":64,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"targeted by AIPACAIPAC has also gone afterAIPAC official confirmedcriticism","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/04\/09\/aipac-targets-bernie-sanders-facebook-ads-focused-key-democratic-primary-states\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AIPAC\/status\/1120750880825978886","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/us-news\/aipac-pushes-back-after-bernie-sanders-calls-netanyahu-government-racist-1.7163211","start":42,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/28\/the-case-against-aipac\/","start":66,"end":75}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Latin America","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-latin-america\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/in-the-high-1254515-350x238.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/in-the-high-1254515.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Latin America","type":"h1"},{"text":"Nicaragua and the Sandinistas14 Reagan Administration officialscriminally chargedIran-Contra Affair","links":[{"href":"#nicaragua-and-the-sandinistas","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/offdocs\/walsh\/summpros.htm","start":29,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1990\/04\/08\/us\/poindexter-is-found-guilty-of-all-5-criminal-charges-for-iran-contra-cover-up.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=3B65264838DE69DA759BD3B80E3C2596&gwt=pay","start":63,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/1980s\/iran-contra-affair","start":81,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","links":[{"href":"#nafta","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Venezuela and Vermont Deal","links":[{"href":"#venezuela-and-vermont-deal","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nicaragua and the Sandinistas","type":"h2"},{"text":"What happened in Nicaragua?","type":"h3"},{"text":"President Jimmy Carter withdrew support from the Somoza regime","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1977-1980\/central-america-carter","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"started a guerilla warCoca Cola executive Aldolfo Calerothe moral equivalent of our Founding Fatherscocaine traffickingSaudi Arabia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/1980s\/iran-contra-affair","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/obituaries\/adolfo-calero-commander-of-the-us-backed-nicaraguan-guerrilla-group-the-contras-7815077.html","start":22,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/general-article\/reagan-iran\/","start":56,"end":100},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/05\/12\/oliver-north-nra-iran-contra\/","start":100,"end":119},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/obituaries\/adolfo-calero-commander-of-the-us-backed-nicaraguan-guerrilla-group-the-contras-7815077.html","start":119,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported providing the Contras aidBoland amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brown.edu\/Research\/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair\/documents.php","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138824287\/ch11\/9._The_Boland_Amendment_and_Report,_1983.pdf","start":35,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138824287\/ch11\/9._The_Boland_Amendment_and_Report,_1983.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"specifically to Nicaraguaopenly used and only used to bring an end to the conflict $24 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/80s\/IranContraAffair.asp","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/98th-congress\/house-bill\/2760?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22H.R.+2760%22%7D&s=9&r=1","start":26,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP90-00965R000705980001-5.pdf","start":84,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"peace plan implying that the U.S. would continue supporting the Contras","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1985-04-05\/news\/mn-27196_1_peace-plan","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.sun-sentinel.com\/1985-04-05\/news\/8501130221_1_reagan-plan-contra-peace-plan","start":10,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shah Pahlavi of IranCIA-staged coup against Iran's President Mohammad Mosaddegh","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/shah-flees-iran","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/aug\/19\/cia-admits-role-1953-iranian-coup","start":21,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Iran trade embargoarms deals through Israel to IranBoland amendmentillegal arms dealscriminally chargedIran-Contra Affair","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/a-brief-history-of-sanctions-on-iran","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/80s\/IranContraAffair.asp","start":18,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138824287\/ch11\/9._The_Boland_Amendment_and_Report,_1983.pdf","start":51,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138824287\/ch11\/9._The_Boland_Amendment_and_Report,_1983.pdf","start":67,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1990\/04\/08\/us\/poindexter-is-found-guilty-of-all-5-criminal-charges-for-iran-contra-cover-up.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=3B65264838DE69DA759BD3B80E3C2596&gwt=pay","start":85,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/1980s\/iran-contra-affair","start":103,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"atrocities the Contras","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/readingroom\/docs\/CIA-RDP85T01058R000100170001-7.pdf","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why did Bernie get involved in South America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"always been interested in the problems in Latin America","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_6liJbu9ZCY","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health care, education, and land reform highest ranking official to visit Nicaragua","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/07\/22\/20_examples_of_bernie_sanders_powerful_record_on_civil_and_human_rights_partner\/","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/msnbc\/the-25-best-things-we-learned-bernie-sanders-book","start":40,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie’s view on the Sandinistas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"to go to jail for years to be a hack","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_6liJbu9ZCY","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ronald Reagan dislikes these people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_6liJbu9ZCY","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"writes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=F3OIZHfRhfgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:5ajP1L6ccdIC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQuwUwAGoVChMIgcDM2KjoxgIVy5QNCh3qUQOB#v=onepage&q=nicaragua&f=false","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"foreign policy issues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","type":"h2"},{"text":"trilateral trade agreement went into effect the following year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta","start":27,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people for NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"argue that the increase in trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2000\/08\/the-benefits-of-free-trade-a-guide-for-policymakers","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey J. SchottNAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/assets\/po\/free-trade-20\/schott.pdf","start":41,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people against NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"environmental and food safety standards.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As described by","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA is a failure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W2vCDSIotew","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"  ","type":"p"},{"text":"will be a disaster for our working people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49eJYs8aDbs","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"wrote in a 1993 editorial will only benefit the ruling elites","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/sanders-why-i-oppose-nafta\/Content?oid=2435080","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/embeds\/239210728\/content","start":25,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What were the results of NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.progressive.org\/news\/2011\/10\/170238\/bernie-sanders-denounces-free-trade-pacts","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reports Americans have lost over 680,000 jobs950,000 lost 5.6 million jobs between February 2000 and February 2011.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":7,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages_feb_2018_final.pdf","start":45,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibew.org\/articles\/11Daily\/1105\/110509_NAFTAReport.htm","start":52,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"chart$2 trillion trade deficit with Mexico","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/infogram.com\/untitled-1h7j4dnyrx0d6nr","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2018\/oct\/01\/donald-trump\/has-us-racked-2-trillion-trade-deficits-nafta-bega\/","start":5,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"type":"iframe","src":"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/4dffdba4-5c85-410d-b619-8b151655d95c?src=embed"},{"text":"map","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/img.huffingtonpost.com\/asset\/5bb333e03c000032000c512c.jpeg?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale","type":"img","width":560,"height":449},{"text":"Why has NAFTA been in the news lately?","type":"h3"},{"text":"renegotiate NAFTACanada joined the pactUnited States-Mexico-Canada AgreementUnder the USMCAtariff-free tradesome provisionsmay benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/president-donald-j-trump-keeping-promise-renegotiate-nafta\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/09\/30\/politics\/trump-nafta-canada\/index.html","start":17,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement\/agreement-between","start":39,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/trumps-rebrand-of-nafta","start":76,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2018\/10\/04\/the-renegotiation-of-nafta-is-a-relief-but-it-is-not-a-success","start":91,"end":108},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement","start":108,"end":123},{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/economics\/08\/north-american-free-trade-agreement.asp","start":123,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"strongly opposed the NAFTA replacementprotections for workersHe said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-statement-on-nafta-replacement-","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/29\/nafta-bernie-sanders-trump\/","start":38,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.agweb.com\/article\/one-more-hurdle-for-usmca-sanders-urges-trump-to-rework-agreement\/","start":61,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Venezuela and Vermont Deal","type":"h2"},{"text":"deal to sell discounted heating oil to low-income families","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gasandoil.com\/news\/n_america\/2e75c0d25b880b61b3abad95f8f9820f","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was the deal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supply heating oil to low-income Vermont residents","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gasandoil.com\/news\/n_america\/2e75c0d25b880b61b3abad95f8f9820f","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why did Bernie initiate this deal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"AP article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gasandoil.com\/news\/n_america\/2e75c0d25b880b61b3abad95f8f9820f","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much-needed relief","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.embavenez-us.org\/_boston\/news.php?nid=2403","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why was this deal controversial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"using this cheap oil deal to “one-up” President Bush a way to distract U.S. citizens","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2006\/01\/07\/venezuela_to_expand_heating_oil_offer\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1157172,00.html","start":53,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People complained about getting cheaper oil?","type":"h3"},{"text":"generated goodwillBush administration helped orchestrate the failed 2002 coup against Chavezcalled President George W. Bush “the devil”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1157172,00.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/time.com\/5512005\/venezuela-us-intervention-history-latin-america\/","start":19,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/citgo-energy-bronx-assistance\/venezuela-brings-free-heating-oil-to-poor-in-ny-idUSN1425588920071214","start":93,"end":136}],"type":"p"},{"text":"people who received the heating assistance did not complain","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=5147620","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Didn’t Bernie praise and support the Venezuelan regime?","type":"h3"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Libya","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-nato\/#libya","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6418611445_041ebd4327_o-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6418611445_041ebd4327_o.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on NATO","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","links":[{"href":"#membership-in-nato","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","links":[{"href":"#funding-nato","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","links":[{"href":"#anti-expansion","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","links":[{"href":"#nato-military-engagements","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Who are the current members of NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"29 member countries in NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/#members","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"40 other non-member countriesEuropean Union, United Nations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-on-the-map\/#lat=51.72673918960763&lon=4.849117014409103&zoom=0&layer-2","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/index_en","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/","start":45,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2016 Ninth Democratic Debate in Brooklyn","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fund more of the costs of the allianceonly 7 of the 29 countries","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/03\/14\/politics\/nato-defense-spending-target\/index.html","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay for 22 percent of NATO’s budget $686 million in 2017 decreasing their military spendingrecently","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_67655.htm","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2018\/07\/10\/defense-expenditure-of-nato-members-visualized-infographic\/#742c6ca014cf","start":36,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-31619553","start":57,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/pdf_2018_03\/20180315_180315-pr2018-16-en.pdf","start":92,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"larger role in funding the defense budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Trump’s demandresponded","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nato-summit-trump-spending\/trump-tells-nato-leaders-to-increase-defense-spend-to-4-percent-idUSKBN1K12BW","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SenSanders\/status\/1017128924927725570","start":24,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","type":"h2"},{"text":"12 countries to 29","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which countries are interested in joining NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"joining NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is the expansion of NATO a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Article 5","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mutual defense clause","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GeorgiaUkraineGeorgia5 day military conflictRussia and UkraineCrimean Peninsula","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/it-s-time-to-invite-georgia-to-join-nato","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/ukraine-crisis","start":7,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rZ02MlVRcMA","start":14,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2018\/08\/07\/europe-s-forgotten-war-the-georgia-russia-conflict-explained-a-decade-on","start":21,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/ukraine-crisis-summary-and-explanation-3970462","start":44,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2019\/03\/18\/five-years-after-crimeas-illegal-annexation-the-issue-is-no-closer-to-resolution\/","start":62,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s opinion on NATO expansion?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In 1997 unnecessary provocation of Russia","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":8,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Even “pro-western” politicians in RussiaWorld War IIIdirect threat","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/acad\/fellow\/98-00\/sapronas.pdf","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/barentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2014\/06\/putin-envoy-warns-finland-against-joining-nato-09-06","start":40,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/04\/05\/world\/europe\/05nato.html","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"when he said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/02\/11\/transcript-the-democratic-debate-in-milwaukee-annotated\/?utm_term=.66180c2a5f38","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Russia issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","type":"h2"},{"text":"Kosovo Crisis","type":"h3"},{"text":"What happened during the Kosovo Crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"direct control of Belgrade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over 1,500 Kosovar Albanians 400,000 people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_kosovo.html","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/WORLD\/europe\/9904\/11\/kosovo.refugees.02\/","start":29,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"authorize airstrikes airstrikes were called off","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nato-bombs-yugoslavia","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/special_report\/1998\/kosovo\/271265.stm","start":21,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pVR1vPCXObsC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=nato+Organization+for+Security+and+Cooperation+in+Europe+kosovo&source=bl&ots=TSj13DiyII&sig=vA3k0UoAyenAjr9CesVx8t_bEec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIs76rlZ2MxwIVQw2SCh266Qd7#v=onepage&q=nato%20Organization%20for%20Security%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Europe%20kosovo&f=false","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO withdrew their forces","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/kosovo\/history.htm","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie’s opinion on the Kosovo crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dazZyVW7DaQ","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how did the situation in Kosovo conclude?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Kosovo resolution airstrikes began charged with war crimes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/sconres21","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":18,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/serbia\/8538575\/Serbian-war-criminals-Slobodan-Milosevic-profile.html","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Libya Intervention","type":"h3"},{"text":"Arab Spring","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was the situation in Libya in 2011?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expulsion of the UNHCR mishandled nuclear materials Fethi Tarbel led to protests subsequently spread Libyan Civil War","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10264625","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/03\/wikileaks-cables-libya-enriched-uranium","start":23,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/africa\/the-arrest-that-triggered-the-revolt-to-remove-qaddafi","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/libya\/8327919\/Protests-in-Libya-over-human-rights-campaigner.html","start":65,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12477275","start":81,"end":100},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/aug\/29\/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya","start":101,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why did NATO intervene?","type":"h4"},{"text":"targeted civilians resolution continuing attacks on civilians NATO conducted airstrikes in Libya","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/112\/bills\/sres85\/BILLS-112sres85ats.pdf","start":19,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/16\/world\/africa\/16libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":30,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":62,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why was U.S. involvement in Libya so controversial?","type":"h4"},{"text":"War Powers Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reasonedwithout legislative supportbreaking an established law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/us-politics\/8583612\/Obama-overruled-lawyers-on-Libya-air-war.html","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2015\/11\/the-perils-of-president-obamas-latest-undeclared-war\/413566\/","start":9,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2011\/03\/21\/lind_libya_war\/","start":36,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about Libya at the time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expressed concerns June interview later that year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/2011\/03\/28\/sanders-questions-war-in-libya\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2011\/06\/08\/interview_with_senator_bernie_sanders_110147.html","start":19,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how has he voted with regards to our involvement in Libya?","type":"h4"},{"text":"pulled from a vote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/firstread.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2011\/07\/05\/7019971-reid-pulls-libya-resolution-cites-protest-over-budget?lite","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What happened after the NATO airstrikes helped to topple Gaddafi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"elections completely solidify its power","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE8010H920120102","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-gaddafi-bani-walid-022\/","start":10,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"attacked the U.S. consulate released civil war resumed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/13\/world\/middleeast\/us-envoy-to-libya-is-reported-killed.html","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/attack-on-us-consulate-in-libya","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/la-fg-libya-explainer-20190524-story.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MexicoStories+%28Mexico+Stories%29","start":37,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did the U.S. react to the attack on its consulate in Benghazi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"increased security premeditated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/congress\/2013_hr\/benghazi.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2012\/10\/09\/state-department-no-video-protest-at-the-benghazi-consulate\/","start":19,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s happened in Libya since then?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cut staff in Libya dangerous climate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":19,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed state humanitarian disaster","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/libya\/2015-02-16\/obamas-libya-debacle","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/events\/2015\/04\/24-libya-displacement-overlooked-crisis","start":13,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":" [:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre la OTAN","type":"h1"},{"text":"La Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) se formó después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial para facilitar estrategias de defensa mutua entre los ejércitos de varios países occidentales. Aunque Bernie Sanders está generalmente en contra de la guerra, él apoyó — con reservas enunciadas — el bombardeo de Serbia por la OTAN en 1999. Él no se opuso a la acción militar de e expresó sus preocupaciones. También se opuso a la expansión de OTAN.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":3,"end":51}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#kosovo-crisis","label":"Crisis de Kosovo","description":"La decisión de bombardear Serbia era muy compleja y Bernie finalmente votó a favor de tomar medidas para prevenir la extensión del genocidio."},{"href":"#libya-intervention","label":"Acción Militar en Libia","description":"En 2011, Estados Unidos y otros países de la OTAN lanzaron ataques aéreos contra Libia. Bernie expresó sus preocupaciones sobre el costo fiscal y de vidas humanas desde entonces hasta ahora mientras la guerra civil en ese país continúa ferozmente."},{"href":"#anti-expansion","label":"Contra la Expansión","description":"Bernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN porque provoca agresión innecesaria de Rusia. Además, cree que los países europeos deben pagar una proporción mayor de los gastos de una alianza que tiene como objetivo principal la defensa de su continente."}]},{"text":"Crisis de Kosovo","anchors":[{"name":"kosovo-crisis","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En los años 90, el ejército de Yugoslavia hizo una depuración étnica en Kosovo, que en aquel momento era una región de Serbia. Serbia no colaboraba con los esfuerzos diplomáticos que aspiraban traer paz a la región. Bernie votó a favor del bombardeo de Serbia por parte de la OTAN porque consideró que era necesario para prevenir la continuación del genocidio.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué pasó durante la crisis de Kosovo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Kosovo era una región autónoma de Serbia hasta 1989, cuando el presidente de Serbia Slobodan Milosevic cambió el estatus de la región, quitando su autonomía y controlándola directamente desde Belgrado, la capital de Serbia. Los albaneses de Kosovo se opusieron a la acción.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":159,"end":200}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La inestabilidad eruptó en 1998, cuando un conflicto entre el ejército y las fuerzas policiales de Serbia tuvo como resultado la matanza de más de 1,500 albaneses de Kosovo. La comunidad internacional expresó sus preocupaciones mientras 400,000 personas fueron expulsadas de sus hogares. Su desalojamiento fue el resultado de la resistencia por parte de Milosevic de utilizar mecanismos diplomáticos para resolver la crisis pacíficamente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_kosovo.html","start":147,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/WORLD\/europe\/9904\/11\/kosovo.refugees.02\/","start":237,"end":253}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras la OTAN consideraba las formas de ayudar a alcanzar una resolución pacífica a la crisis, la situación continuó empeorando. La OTAN decidió autorizar ataques aéreos en apoyo a los esfuerzos diplomáticos para poner presión al régimen de Milosevic a retirar las tropas de Kosovo, a colaborar en darle fin a la violencia y a facilitar el retorno de los refugiados a sus hogares. En el último momento, el presidente Milosevic aceptó cumplir y los ataques aéreos se suspendieron.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nato-bombs-yugoslavia","start":148,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/special_report\/1998\/kosovo\/271265.stm","start":451,"end":481}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 1999, el conflicto en Kosovo se encendió de nuevo. La OTAN amenazó con el uso de ataques aéreos una vez más y envió la Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa (OSCE, por sus siglas en inglés) para observar el cumplimiento de ambas partes.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pVR1vPCXObsC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=nato+Organization+for+Security+and+Cooperation+in+Europe+kosovo&source=bl&ots=TSj13DiyII&sig=vA3k0UoAyenAjr9CesVx8t_bEec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIs76rlZ2MxwIVQw2SCh266Qd7#v=onepage&q=nato%20Organization%20for%20Security%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Europe%20kosovo&f=false","start":122,"end":176}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque la delegación albanesa de Kosovo firmó un tratado de paz, la delegación de Serbia no lo hizo y después de varios intentos de hacer paz con Serbia, la OTAN lanzó una campaña aérea llamada Operación Fuerza Aliada. Después de 77 días, la OTAN retiró sus tropas y empezó una serie de esfuerzos humanitarios para aliviar el sufrimiento de los miles de refugiados que fueron obligados a huir de Kosovo debido a la campaña de depuración étnica de Serbia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/kosovo\/history.htm","start":239,"end":264}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál fue la opinión de Bernie sobre la crisis de Kosovo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante un evento local organizado por Bernie para hablar sobre la guerra aérea de OTAN en Serbia en mayo de 1999, dijo al empezar, “Si alguien cree que hay una solución simple a este problema, entonces esa persona saber muy poco sobre este problema.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dazZyVW7DaQ","start":115,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie no quería participar en otra guerra terrestre como el esfuerzo fracasado en Vietnam y opinaba que los ataques aéreos minimizarían las muertes de militares estadounidenses y sería la manera más probable de detener a un criminal de guerra — Milosevic — con quien no se podía negociar diplomáticamente. En otras palabras, opinaba que el apoyo de ataques aéreos de la OTAN en Serbia era justificado por motivos humanitarios.","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dazZyVW7DaQ","id":"dazZyVW7DaQ"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué pasó?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Al final, la resolución sobre Kosovo ganó el respaldo del Congreso, permitiendo la participación de Estados Unidos utilizando ataques aéreos. Los ataques aéreos de la OTAN empezaron a finales de marzo de 1999 y terminaron a mediados de junio de ese mismo año. Poco tiempo después de que los ataques aéreos terminaron, el gobierno de Serbia acordó desarmarse y su desmilitarización completa ocurrió en septiembre. Milosevic y otros líderes fueron condenados por crímenes de guerra en la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/sconres21","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":142,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/serbia\/8538575\/Serbian-war-criminals-Slobodan-Milosevic-profile.html","start":439,"end":479}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Intervención en Libia","anchors":[{"name":"libya-intervention","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En 2011, la Primavera Árabe llegó a Libia en forma de una insurrección popular. Después de que el dictador Muammar Gaddafi respondió con ataques violentos en contra de civiles, la OTAN utilizó la intervención militar para apoyar a los rebeldes y poner fin a la guerra. Desde entonces, Libia ha sido un país inestable y continúa arruinado por el conflicto. Bernie tiene una opinión conservativa sobre la participación militar en Libia y opina que, en lugar de eso, debimos gastar ese dinero en solucionar los problemas de Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution","start":12,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo era la situación en Libia en 2011?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Después de la expulsión del ACNUR – la comisión de las Naciones Unidas para los refugiados – a finales del 2010, y de que se filtraran varios cables diplomáticos mostrando que el gobierno libio había manejado mal sus materiales nucleares, el descontento empezó a colarse en Libia. La detención de la activista de derechos humanos Fethi Tarbel - a principios de 2011 - condujo a protestas, confrontaciones con la policía y disturbios en Benghazi, que luego se propagaron por todo el país. Este conflicto se convirtió rápidamente en la guerra civil de Libia, que ultimadamente resultó en la intervención militar de la OTAN para derribar al gobierno del dictador de Libia, Muammar Gaddafi.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10264625","start":11,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/03\/wikileaks-cables-libya-enriched-uranium","start":200,"end":237},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/africa\/the-arrest-that-triggered-the-revolt-to-remove-qaddafi","start":330,"end":342},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/libya\/8327919\/Protests-in-Libya-over-human-rights-campaigner.html","start":368,"end":387},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12477275","start":470,"end":486},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/aug\/29\/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya","start":534,"end":555}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué intervino la OTAN?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La comunidad internacional observó con alarma mientras que Gaddafi atacaba a civiles en sus esfuerzos para recuperar el control sobre el país. En Estados Unidos, el Congreso aprobó de forma unánime una resolución pidiendo a las Naciones Unidas imponer una zona de exclusión aérea y alentar a Gaddafi a dejar el poder. Poco tiempo después, una zona de exclusión aérea fue impuesta con el apoyo de Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, esto no impidió la continuación de ataques contra civiles de parte del ejército de Gaddafi. Como respuesta, la OTAN llevó a cabo ataques aéreos en Libia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":77,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/voices.washingtonpost.com\/2chambers\/2011\/03\/senate_passes_libya_resolution.html","start":198,"end":212},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/16\/world\/africa\/16libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":444,"end":482},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":533,"end":577}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué resultó tan controversial la participación de Estados Unidos en Libia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El presidente Obama se aseguró de notificar al Congreso en las primeras 48 horas después de anunciar que había autorizado una intervención militar estadounidense en Libia, según lo prescrito en la Ley de Poderes de Guerra. Esto inició un periodo de 60 días durante el cual él necesitaba obtener la aprobación del Congreso. Si no la obtenía durante ese periodo, según la ley, tenía como máximo 30 días para terminar las hostilidades.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":197,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después de los 90 días, el asesor de Obama, Robert Bauer, argumentó que el presidente tenía el derecho de continuar la campaña militar en Libia sin respaldo legislativo, básicamente infringiendo una ley establecida.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/06\/16\/us\/politics\/16powers.html","start":58,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué dijo Bernie sobre Libia en el momento?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En una entrevista en febrero de 2011, Bernie expresó preocupación sobre la decisión de Obama de circunvenir la Ley de Poderes de Guerra, diciendo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/2011\/03\/28\/sanders-questions-war-in-libya\/","start":45,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Creo que una de las razones por las que muchas personas se sienten molestas es por que esta guerra se llevó a cabo sin consultar al Congreso, sin debate en el Congreso. Mira, todo el mundo entiende que Gaddafi es un matón y un asesino. Queremos que él se vaya, pero estando atascados en dos guerras, no estoy muy seguro que necesitemos una tercera.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"En una entrevista en junio de ese mismo año, dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2011\/06\/08\/interview_with_senator_bernie_sanders_110147.html","start":3,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Tengo mis dudas sobre nuestra actividad en Libia. Digo, tenemos un déficit enorme. Estamos luchando en dos guerras. Y basado en esos factores mi opinión sería algo conservador.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿cómo ha votado Bernie en cuanto a nuestra intervención en Libia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie no ha tenido la oportunidad de votar en proyectos de ley sobre la decisión de Obama de participar en los ataques aéreos en Libia. El proyecto de ley Kerry-McCain, redactado por demócratas en el Senado — queriendo demostrar apoyo a la intervención militar del presidente en Libia - fue removido de la votación en julio de 2011 porque los republicanos prometieron votar en contra “sin importar los intereses de seguridad nacional” debido a una disputa irrelevante sobre el presupuesto.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/firstread.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2011\/07\/05\/7019971-reid-pulls-libya-resolution-cites-protest-over-budget?lite","start":288,"end":315}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué pasó después de que los ataques aéreos de la OTAN ayudaron a vencer a Gaddafi?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque los rebeldes crearon un gobierno provisional y celebraron elecciones después de la caída del régimen de Gaddafi, el gobierno nuevo enfrentó desafíos de otros grupos rebeldes y nunca pudo consolidar su poder.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE8010H920120102","start":65,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-gaddafi-bani-walid-022\/","start":194,"end":213}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El 11 de septiembre de 2012, militantes islamistas atacaron el consulado estadounidense en Benghazi y mataron el embajador estadounidense, Chris Stevens, y a tres personas más. Después de los ataques, Bernie emitió  la declaración siguiente:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/13\/world\/middleeast\/us-envoy-to-libya-is-reported-killed.html","start":51,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/attack-on-us-consulate-in-libya","start":208,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Quedé profundamente perturbado y entristecido al enterarme de la muerte del embajador Chris Stevens y de otros tres miembros del personal consular estadounidense. Junto con presidente Obama, condeno los actos insensatos de violencia en nuestro consulado diplomático en Benghazi. Las familias de los cuatro estadounidenses que estaban sirviendo a nuestro país están en nuestros pensamientos y en nuestras oraciones.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Después de los ataques contra el consulado estadounidense, la violencia entre las facciones se intensificó. En 2014, la guerra civil se reanudóa gran escala y continúa hasta este día.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.conflict-news.com\/libyas-second-civil-war-how-did-it-come-to-this\/","start":117,"end":143}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo reaccionó Estados Unidos ante el ataque a su consulado en Benghazi?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Estados Unidos inmediatamente incrementó la seguridad en las instalaciones diplomáticas y militares a nivel mundial, y comenzó a investigar el ataque de Benghazi. A lo largo de la investigación, se descubrió que el ataque en Benghazi fue premeditado, y no ocurrió debido a las protestas contra un vídeo antimusulmán creado en Estados Unidos, como se había teorizado inicialmente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/worldnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2012\/09\/12\/13824089-us-wont-rule-out-islamist-militant-link-to-attack-sends-forces-to-libya?lite","start":30,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2012\/10\/09\/state-department-no-video-protest-at-the-benghazi-consulate\/","start":238,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque Estados Unidos y la OTAN fueron exitosos en el esfuerzo militar de derrocar a Gaddafi, no lograron su objetivo general de iniciar un camino hacia la democracia y la estabilidad en Libia. \r\n\r\nDesde el ataque contra el consulado en 2012, Estados Unidos y otros países occidentales han recortado su personal en Libia. Después del incidente en Benghazi que fue la prioridad principal del gobierno de Obama, Estados Unidos estableció un plan de ocho años para entrenar a las fuerzas de seguridad de Libia. Sin embargo, el programa no ha podido empezar debido a la situación peligrosa en el país y porque el gobierno de Libia no ha podido recaudar los fondos requeridos para el programa.\r\n\r\nHoy en día, Libia es considerado por la mayoría de observadores como un estado fallido y un desastre humanitario.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nContra la Expansión\r\nBernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN ya que podría conducir a una mayor agresividad de parte de Rusia, que es territorialmente sensible a la expansión de la alianza militar hacia el oriente. Bernie también opina que Estados Unidos paga un porcentaje demasiado grande de los gastos de la OTAN.\r\n¿Quiénes son los miembros actuales de la OTAN?\r\nLos países que son miembros de la OTAN incluyen a Estados Unidos, Canadá, el Reino Unido, Francia, Alemania, España, Portugal, Islandia, Italia, Dinamarca, Noruega, Polonia, Turquía, Rumanía, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Letonia, Bulgaria, Lituania, Croacia, Bélgica, la República Checa, Estonia, Albania, Luxemburgo, Holanda, Hungría y Grecia.\r\n¿Cuáles países quieren ser miembros?\r\nBosnia, Georgia, Montenegro, Macedonia y Ucrania han expresado interés en unirse a la OTAN. La afiliación potencial de Ucrania se ha convertido en un tema muy candente en el último año mientras su conflicto con Rusia continúa.\r\n¿Cuál es la opinión de Bernie sobre la expansión de la OTAN?\r\nBernie se opone, argumentando que es un desperdicio del dinero del pueblo estadounidense y que no es geopolíticamente coherente. En 1997, como congresista, Bernie dijo:","type":"h3"},{"text":"“Después de cuatros años de la guerra fría y billones de dólares de los contribuyentes estadounidenses gastados para competir en la carrera armamentista, muchos de nuestros constituyentes entienden que ahora no es el momento de continuar desperdiciando miles de millones de dolares ayudando a defender a Europa, y mucho menos pagar la mayoría de los costos de expandir la OTAN hacia el este.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Por qué quiere Bernie prevenir que otros países se unan?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que la expansión hacia el este de la OTAN es una provocación innecesaria hacia Rusia — y como dijo en la cita anterior, él no está interesado en regresar a la era de la Guerra Fría, cuando Rusia y Estados Unidos estaban enfrentándose constantemente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":58,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hasta los políticos “pro-occidentales” en Rusia se han mantenido reticentes a respaldar la expansión de la OTAN para incluir a Letonia, Lituania y Estonia, los países bálticos que fueron parte de la antigua Unión Soviética. El enviado personal del presidente ruso Vladimir Putin insinuó que si Finlandia obtenía membresía en la OTAN, que habría “una tercera Guerra Mundial,” y Putin mismo llamó la membresía potencial de Ucrania una “amenaza directa” a la seguridad nacional de Rusia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/acad\/fellow\/98-00\/sapronas.pdf","start":6,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/barentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2014\/06\/putin-envoy-warns-finland-against-joining-nato-09-06","start":350,"end":372},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/04\/05\/world\/europe\/05nato.html","start":434,"end":449}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre la opinión de Bernie sobre Putin en la página de Rusia.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","start":57,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Hay otras razones por las que Bernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los contribuyentes estadounidenses pagan el 22% del presupuesto de la OTAN, contribuyendo casi 712 millones de dólares en 2010. La mayoría de los aliados de Estados Unidos que son miembros de la OTAN han disminuido sus gastos militares, mientras que Estados Unidos contribuye más del doble del segundo financiador. Bernie cree que los europeos deberían desempeñar un papel más grande en la financiación del presupuesto de defensa de una coalición principalmente europea.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_67655.htm","start":35,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/gates-criticizes-nato-how-much-does-us-pay\/","start":95,"end":126},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-31619553","start":200,"end":235},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":364,"end":429}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"NATO","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-nato\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Secretary_Kerry_Listens_as_NATO_Secretary-General_Rasmussen_Opens_Ukraine_Session_14318611558-350x217.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Secretary_Kerry_Listens_as_NATO_Secretary-General_Rasmussen_Opens_Ukraine_Session_14318611558.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on NATO","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","links":[{"href":"#membership-in-nato","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","links":[{"href":"#funding-nato","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","links":[{"href":"#anti-expansion","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","links":[{"href":"#nato-military-engagements","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Who are the current members of NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"29 member countries in NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/#members","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"40 other non-member countriesEuropean Union, United Nations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-on-the-map\/#lat=51.72673918960763&lon=4.849117014409103&zoom=0&layer-2","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/index_en","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/","start":45,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2016 Ninth Democratic Debate in Brooklyn","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fund more of the costs of the allianceonly 7 of the 29 countries","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/03\/14\/politics\/nato-defense-spending-target\/index.html","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay for 22 percent of NATO’s budget $686 million in 2017 decreasing their military spendingrecently","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_67655.htm","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2018\/07\/10\/defense-expenditure-of-nato-members-visualized-infographic\/#742c6ca014cf","start":36,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-31619553","start":57,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/pdf_2018_03\/20180315_180315-pr2018-16-en.pdf","start":92,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"larger role in funding the defense budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Trump’s demandresponded","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nato-summit-trump-spending\/trump-tells-nato-leaders-to-increase-defense-spend-to-4-percent-idUSKBN1K12BW","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SenSanders\/status\/1017128924927725570","start":24,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","type":"h2"},{"text":"12 countries to 29","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which countries are interested in joining NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"joining NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is the expansion of NATO a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Article 5","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mutual defense clause","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GeorgiaUkraineGeorgia5 day military conflictRussia and UkraineCrimean Peninsula","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/it-s-time-to-invite-georgia-to-join-nato","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/ukraine-crisis","start":7,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rZ02MlVRcMA","start":14,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2018\/08\/07\/europe-s-forgotten-war-the-georgia-russia-conflict-explained-a-decade-on","start":21,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/ukraine-crisis-summary-and-explanation-3970462","start":44,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2019\/03\/18\/five-years-after-crimeas-illegal-annexation-the-issue-is-no-closer-to-resolution\/","start":62,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s opinion on NATO expansion?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In 1997 unnecessary provocation of Russia","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":8,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Even “pro-western” politicians in RussiaWorld War IIIdirect threat","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/acad\/fellow\/98-00\/sapronas.pdf","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/barentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2014\/06\/putin-envoy-warns-finland-against-joining-nato-09-06","start":40,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/04\/05\/world\/europe\/05nato.html","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"when he said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/02\/11\/transcript-the-democratic-debate-in-milwaukee-annotated\/?utm_term=.66180c2a5f38","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Russia issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","type":"h2"},{"text":"Kosovo Crisis","type":"h3"},{"text":"What happened during the Kosovo Crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"direct control of Belgrade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over 1,500 Kosovar Albanians 400,000 people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_kosovo.html","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/WORLD\/europe\/9904\/11\/kosovo.refugees.02\/","start":29,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"authorize airstrikes airstrikes were called off","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nato-bombs-yugoslavia","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/special_report\/1998\/kosovo\/271265.stm","start":21,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pVR1vPCXObsC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=nato+Organization+for+Security+and+Cooperation+in+Europe+kosovo&source=bl&ots=TSj13DiyII&sig=vA3k0UoAyenAjr9CesVx8t_bEec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIs76rlZ2MxwIVQw2SCh266Qd7#v=onepage&q=nato%20Organization%20for%20Security%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Europe%20kosovo&f=false","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO withdrew their forces","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/kosovo\/history.htm","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie’s opinion on the Kosovo crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dazZyVW7DaQ","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how did the situation in Kosovo conclude?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Kosovo resolution airstrikes began charged with war crimes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/sconres21","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":18,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/serbia\/8538575\/Serbian-war-criminals-Slobodan-Milosevic-profile.html","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Libya Intervention","type":"h3"},{"text":"Arab Spring","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was the situation in Libya in 2011?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expulsion of the UNHCR mishandled nuclear materials Fethi Tarbel led to protests subsequently spread Libyan Civil War","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10264625","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/03\/wikileaks-cables-libya-enriched-uranium","start":23,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/africa\/the-arrest-that-triggered-the-revolt-to-remove-qaddafi","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/libya\/8327919\/Protests-in-Libya-over-human-rights-campaigner.html","start":65,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12477275","start":81,"end":100},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/aug\/29\/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya","start":101,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why did NATO intervene?","type":"h4"},{"text":"targeted civilians resolution continuing attacks on civilians NATO conducted airstrikes in Libya","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/112\/bills\/sres85\/BILLS-112sres85ats.pdf","start":19,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/16\/world\/africa\/16libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":30,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":62,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why was U.S. involvement in Libya so controversial?","type":"h4"},{"text":"War Powers Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reasonedwithout legislative supportbreaking an established law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/us-politics\/8583612\/Obama-overruled-lawyers-on-Libya-air-war.html","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2015\/11\/the-perils-of-president-obamas-latest-undeclared-war\/413566\/","start":9,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2011\/03\/21\/lind_libya_war\/","start":36,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about Libya at the time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expressed concerns June interview later that year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/2011\/03\/28\/sanders-questions-war-in-libya\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2011\/06\/08\/interview_with_senator_bernie_sanders_110147.html","start":19,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how has he voted with regards to our involvement in Libya?","type":"h4"},{"text":"pulled from a vote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/firstread.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2011\/07\/05\/7019971-reid-pulls-libya-resolution-cites-protest-over-budget?lite","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What happened after the NATO airstrikes helped to topple Gaddafi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"elections completely solidify its power","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE8010H920120102","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-gaddafi-bani-walid-022\/","start":10,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"attacked the U.S. consulate released civil war resumed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/13\/world\/middleeast\/us-envoy-to-libya-is-reported-killed.html","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/attack-on-us-consulate-in-libya","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/la-fg-libya-explainer-20190524-story.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MexicoStories+%28Mexico+Stories%29","start":37,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did the U.S. react to the attack on its consulate in Benghazi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"increased security premeditated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/congress\/2013_hr\/benghazi.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2012\/10\/09\/state-department-no-video-protest-at-the-benghazi-consulate\/","start":19,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s happened in Libya since then?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cut staff in Libya dangerous climate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":19,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed state humanitarian disaster","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/libya\/2015-02-16\/obamas-libya-debacle","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/events\/2015\/04\/24-libya-displacement-overlooked-crisis","start":13,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Russia","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/honor-guard-67636_1280-350x252.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/honor-guard-67636_1280.jpg","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON RUSSIA","type":"h1"},{"text":"Economic and Diplomatic Pressure","links":[{"href":"#economic-and-diplomatic-pressure","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work with the International Community","links":[{"href":"#work-with-the-international-community","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic and Diplomatic Pressure","type":"h2"},{"text":"commendeda Russian-backed referendum to secede from Ukraine","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanctions-on-russia","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/us-rejects-crimea-vote-cites-russian-intimidation-182209667--politics.html","start":9,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie said about the use of military force against Russia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In an interview with Ed Schultzsummarizedrecommends making informed decisions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/z9YDgoOYj6Q?t=4m11s","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/54574433\/ns\/msnbc-the_ed_show\/t\/ed-show-monday-march\/#.VbmbfflVhBc","start":31,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":41,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie think about President Obama’s response to Russian aggression?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supportedstrategy of dealing with Russia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/z9YDgoOYj6Q?t=4m11s","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/01\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-on-the-issues.html?_r=0","start":9,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about President Trump’s response to Russia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"criticized Trump for his border policy and being weak against Putin","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/398157-sanders-slams-trump-for-standing-up-to-migrant-children-but-not-putin","start":0,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recklessly revealing classified information to the Russian government during a meeting at the Oval Office","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-trump-revealing-classified-information-to-russians","start":0,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie said about Vladimir Putin?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worried about Putin and his “military adventurism”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2016\/10\/2016-presidential-debate-transcript-229519","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“anti-democratic authoritarian”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1087088888504598530?lang=en","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on Russia sanctions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"S.284 — Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Actsanction Russian officials involved in the death of Sergei Magnitsky","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/284\/actions","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/61030\/explainer-senates-letter-khashoggi-global-magnitsky-act\/","start":56,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported proposed sanctions against Russia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-iran-and-russia-sanctions","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cast a procedural vote in favor of sanctions against Oleg Deripaska","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/01\/15\/us\/politics\/republicans-sanctions-russian-oligarchs.html","start":0,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What Has Bernie said about Trump pulling out of the INF Treaty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/control\/inf\/text\/inf.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"successful destruction of thousands of weapons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/factsheets\/INFtreaty","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"suspended the INF TreatyRussia did the same","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/02\/01\/politics\/us-russia-nuclear-arms-treaty-pompeo\/index.html","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/mar\/04\/russia-suspends-participation-in-nuclear-treaty-with-us","start":24,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"could lead to nuclear arms racebill to help prevent a nuclear arms race with Russia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/02\/russia-us-suspend-inf-treaty-amid-new-nuclear-arms-fears.html","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.merkley.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/DAV19168.pdf","start":31,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work with the International Community","type":"h2"},{"text":"cooperate with our international allies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/the-political-scene\/bernie-sanders-imagines-a-progressive-new-approach-to-foreign-policy","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said supporting this position?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net\/newshour\/app\/uploads\/2016\/02\/PBS-NewsHour-Dem-Debate-%E2%80%93-FULL-Rush-Transcript.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a FOX News interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/video.foxnews.com\/v\/3341201500001\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why should we reduce our military presence abroad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"military bases in foreign countriesnumber of soldiers posted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/374138\/these-are-all-the-countries-where-the-us-has-a-military-presence\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/dailychart\/2011\/11\/american-troop-deployments","start":35,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/us-military-presence-abroad_mapbuilder.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1349},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/us-troops-abroad-numbers.gif","type":"img","width":595,"height":389},{"text":"told FOX News’ Bill O’Reilly","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/transcript\/2014\/03\/17\/will-bernie-sanders-challenge-hillary\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Respond To Election Interference","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about Russian interference in the 2016 elections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"thoroughly investigate the relationship between Trump and the Russian government","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-investigate-trump-ties-to-russia","start":0,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"February 2018 interview on VPR","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vpr.org\/post\/sen-bernie-sanders-gun-control-russian-meddling-and-congressional-dysfunction#stream\/0","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a Resolution in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-introduces-resolution-to-protect-american-democracy-from-russian-meddling","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“a bad day for people in the United States and all over the world who believe in democracy and who are trying to understand what world our idiot president lives in.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/bernie-sanders-knocks-our-idiot-president-trump","start":0,"end":165}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Syria","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-syria\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/syria1-350x97.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/syria1.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Syria","type":"h1"},{"text":"“quagmire in a quagmire”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/10\/30\/sanders-expresses-reservations-about-obamas-deployment-of-troops-to-syria\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Syria Is Complicated","links":[{"href":"#syria-is-complicated","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Humanitarian Crisis","links":[{"href":"#humanitarian-crisis","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Defeat ISIS","links":[{"href":"#defeat-isis","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Phase Out Assad","links":[{"href":"#phase-out-assad","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Syria Is Complicated","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders has denounced as a dictator crush","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/329014-sanders-i-dont-want-to-see-us-dragged-into-war-in-syria","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/2165688098\/","start":42,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"complicated select rebels and ISIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/NKb9GVU8bHE","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/u-s-concludes-russia-targeting-cia-backed-rebels-in-syria-1444088319","start":12,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4129222\/russia-airstrikes-syria-civilian-casualties-isis\/","start":19,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the airstrikes in Syria?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“ineffective for problems that required a multilateral, diplomatic solution.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/16\/politics\/bernie-sanders-syria-strike-cnntv\/index.html","start":0,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this type of unilateral military action could lead us into perpetual war in Syria","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/16\/politics\/bernie-sanders-syria-strike-cnntv\/index.html","start":0,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie called the Trump Administration’s airstrikes “illegal and unauthorized”concerned that Trump was trying to broaden the war","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-syria-strikes","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/382665-bernie-sanders-trump-has-no-authority-to-broaden-war-in-syria","start":78,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support withdrawing US troops from Syria?","type":"h3"},{"text":"“abrupt” and “typical of his reckless approach.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-mcconnell-amendment-on-syria-and-afghanistan","start":0,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"624\"]","type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ichef-1.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/7D75\/production\/_86071123_syria_us_russian_airstrikes_624_20151009.png","type":"img","width":624,"height":574},{"text":"Map showing Russian and U.S. led strikes in Syria between September 30th and October 9th in 2015[\/caption]","type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie signed a pledge“Congress must reassert its Constitutional authority over the use of force and responsibly end these interventions.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SenSanders\/status\/1102626583158898689","start":22,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Humanitarian Crisis","type":"h2"},{"text":"displaced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2014\/08\/half-of-syrias-population-is-displaced\/379407\/","start":1,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Republican-led efforts says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/17\/us\/politics\/gop-governors-vow-to-close-doors-to-syrian-refugees.html","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/andrea-mitchell-reports\/watch\/sanders--us-should-welcome-refugees-525924420001","start":23,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Defeat ISIS","type":"h2"},{"text":"ISIS must be defeated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-war-powers-resolution","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working With The International Community","type":"h3"},{"text":"has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/morning-joe\/watch\/sanders--well-spend-money-but-well-make-jobs-540913219692","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Phase Out Assad","type":"h2"},{"text":"condemned said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/morning-joe\/watch\/sanders--well-spend-money-but-well-make-jobs-540913219692","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-syria-9-4-13","start":10,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“tops the list”called Assad a war criminalusing chemical weapons against citizens of Syria","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/in-a-world-of-vicious-dictators-syrias-bashar-assad-tops-the-list-as-a-dictator-\/10155802467152908\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/850368736414576640?lang=en","start":15,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/12\/politics\/us-intelligence-syrian-chemical-weapons\/index.html","start":42,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports diplomatic actions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/16\/politics\/bernie-sanders-syria-strike-cnntv\/index.html","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Libya","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-nato\/#libya","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6418611445_041ebd4327_o-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6418611445_041ebd4327_o.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on NATO","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","links":[{"href":"#membership-in-nato","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","links":[{"href":"#funding-nato","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","links":[{"href":"#anti-expansion","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","links":[{"href":"#nato-military-engagements","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Membership in NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Who are the current members of NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"29 member countries in NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/#members","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"40 other non-member countriesEuropean Union, United Nations","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-on-the-map\/#lat=51.72673918960763&lon=4.849117014409103&zoom=0&layer-2","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/index_en","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/","start":45,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Funding NATO","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2016 Ninth Democratic Debate in Brooklyn","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fund more of the costs of the allianceonly 7 of the 29 countries","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4295548\/democratic-debate-ninth-brooklyn-transcript-full-text\/","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/03\/14\/politics\/nato-defense-spending-target\/index.html","start":38,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay for 22 percent of NATO’s budget $686 million in 2017 decreasing their military spendingrecently","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_67655.htm","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2018\/07\/10\/defense-expenditure-of-nato-members-visualized-infographic\/#742c6ca014cf","start":36,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-31619553","start":57,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/pdf_2018_03\/20180315_180315-pr2018-16-en.pdf","start":92,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"larger role in funding the defense budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Trump’s demandresponded","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nato-summit-trump-spending\/trump-tells-nato-leaders-to-increase-defense-spend-to-4-percent-idUSKBN1K12BW","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SenSanders\/status\/1017128924927725570","start":24,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Expansion","type":"h2"},{"text":"12 countries to 29","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which countries are interested in joining NATO?","type":"h3"},{"text":"joining NATO","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_49212.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is the expansion of NATO a problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Article 5","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mutual defense clause","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/topics_110496.htm","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GeorgiaUkraineGeorgia5 day military conflictRussia and UkraineCrimean Peninsula","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/it-s-time-to-invite-georgia-to-join-nato","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/ukraine-crisis","start":7,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rZ02MlVRcMA","start":14,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2018\/08\/07\/europe-s-forgotten-war-the-georgia-russia-conflict-explained-a-decade-on","start":21,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/ukraine-crisis-summary-and-explanation-3970462","start":44,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2019\/03\/18\/five-years-after-crimeas-illegal-annexation-the-issue-is-no-closer-to-resolution\/","start":62,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s opinion on NATO expansion?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In 1997 unnecessary provocation of Russia","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":8,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Even “pro-western” politicians in RussiaWorld War IIIdirect threat","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/acad\/fellow\/98-00\/sapronas.pdf","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/barentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2014\/06\/putin-envoy-warns-finland-against-joining-nato-09-06","start":40,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/04\/05\/world\/europe\/05nato.html","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"when he said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/02\/11\/transcript-the-democratic-debate-in-milwaukee-annotated\/?utm_term=.66180c2a5f38","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Russia issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO Military Engagements","type":"h2"},{"text":"Kosovo Crisis","type":"h3"},{"text":"What happened during the Kosovo Crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"direct control of Belgrade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over 1,500 Kosovar Albanians 400,000 people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_kosovo.html","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/WORLD\/europe\/9904\/11\/kosovo.refugees.02\/","start":29,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"authorize airstrikes airstrikes were called off","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nato-bombs-yugoslavia","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/special_report\/1998\/kosovo\/271265.stm","start":21,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pVR1vPCXObsC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=nato+Organization+for+Security+and+Cooperation+in+Europe+kosovo&source=bl&ots=TSj13DiyII&sig=vA3k0UoAyenAjr9CesVx8t_bEec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIs76rlZ2MxwIVQw2SCh266Qd7#v=onepage&q=nato%20Organization%20for%20Security%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Europe%20kosovo&f=false","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NATO withdrew their forces","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/kosovo\/history.htm","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie’s opinion on the Kosovo crisis?","type":"h4"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dazZyVW7DaQ","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how did the situation in Kosovo conclude?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Kosovo resolution airstrikes began charged with war crimes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/sconres21","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":18,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/serbia\/8538575\/Serbian-war-criminals-Slobodan-Milosevic-profile.html","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Libya Intervention","type":"h3"},{"text":"Arab Spring","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was the situation in Libya in 2011?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expulsion of the UNHCR mishandled nuclear materials Fethi Tarbel led to protests subsequently spread Libyan Civil War","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10264625","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/03\/wikileaks-cables-libya-enriched-uranium","start":23,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/africa\/the-arrest-that-triggered-the-revolt-to-remove-qaddafi","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/libya\/8327919\/Protests-in-Libya-over-human-rights-campaigner.html","start":65,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12477275","start":81,"end":100},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/aug\/29\/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya","start":101,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why did NATO intervene?","type":"h4"},{"text":"targeted civilians resolution continuing attacks on civilians NATO conducted airstrikes in Libya","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/112\/bills\/sres85\/BILLS-112sres85ats.pdf","start":19,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/16\/world\/africa\/16libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":30,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":62,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why was U.S. involvement in Libya so controversial?","type":"h4"},{"text":"War Powers Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reasonedwithout legislative supportbreaking an established law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/us-politics\/8583612\/Obama-overruled-lawyers-on-Libya-air-war.html","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2015\/11\/the-perils-of-president-obamas-latest-undeclared-war\/413566\/","start":9,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2011\/03\/21\/lind_libya_war\/","start":36,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about Libya at the time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"expressed concerns June interview later that year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/2011\/03\/28\/sanders-questions-war-in-libya\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2011\/06\/08\/interview_with_senator_bernie_sanders_110147.html","start":19,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So how has he voted with regards to our involvement in Libya?","type":"h4"},{"text":"pulled from a vote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/firstread.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2011\/07\/05\/7019971-reid-pulls-libya-resolution-cites-protest-over-budget?lite","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What happened after the NATO airstrikes helped to topple Gaddafi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"elections completely solidify its power","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE8010H920120102","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-gaddafi-bani-walid-022\/","start":10,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"attacked the U.S. consulate released civil war resumed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/13\/world\/middleeast\/us-envoy-to-libya-is-reported-killed.html","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/attack-on-us-consulate-in-libya","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/la-fg-libya-explainer-20190524-story.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MexicoStories+%28Mexico+Stories%29","start":37,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How did the U.S. react to the attack on its consulate in Benghazi?","type":"h4"},{"text":"increased security premeditated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/congress\/2013_hr\/benghazi.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2012\/10\/09\/state-department-no-video-protest-at-the-benghazi-consulate\/","start":19,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s happened in Libya since then?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cut staff in Libya dangerous climate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-us-libya-20140627-story.html#page=1","start":19,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed state humanitarian disaster","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/libya\/2015-02-16\/obamas-libya-debacle","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/events\/2015\/04\/24-libya-displacement-overlooked-crisis","start":13,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":" [:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre la OTAN","type":"h1"},{"text":"La Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) se formó después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial para facilitar estrategias de defensa mutua entre los ejércitos de varios países occidentales. Aunque Bernie Sanders está generalmente en contra de la guerra, él apoyó — con reservas enunciadas — el bombardeo de Serbia por la OTAN en 1999. Él no se opuso a la acción militar de e expresó sus preocupaciones. También se opuso a la expansión de OTAN.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":3,"end":51}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#kosovo-crisis","label":"Crisis de Kosovo","description":"La decisión de bombardear Serbia era muy compleja y Bernie finalmente votó a favor de tomar medidas para prevenir la extensión del genocidio."},{"href":"#libya-intervention","label":"Acción Militar en Libia","description":"En 2011, Estados Unidos y otros países de la OTAN lanzaron ataques aéreos contra Libia. Bernie expresó sus preocupaciones sobre el costo fiscal y de vidas humanas desde entonces hasta ahora mientras la guerra civil en ese país continúa ferozmente."},{"href":"#anti-expansion","label":"Contra la Expansión","description":"Bernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN porque provoca agresión innecesaria de Rusia. Además, cree que los países europeos deben pagar una proporción mayor de los gastos de una alianza que tiene como objetivo principal la defensa de su continente."}]},{"text":"Crisis de Kosovo","anchors":[{"name":"kosovo-crisis","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En los años 90, el ejército de Yugoslavia hizo una depuración étnica en Kosovo, que en aquel momento era una región de Serbia. Serbia no colaboraba con los esfuerzos diplomáticos que aspiraban traer paz a la región. Bernie votó a favor del bombardeo de Serbia por parte de la OTAN porque consideró que era necesario para prevenir la continuación del genocidio.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué pasó durante la crisis de Kosovo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Kosovo era una región autónoma de Serbia hasta 1989, cuando el presidente de Serbia Slobodan Milosevic cambió el estatus de la región, quitando su autonomía y controlándola directamente desde Belgrado, la capital de Serbia. Los albaneses de Kosovo se opusieron a la acción.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":159,"end":200}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La inestabilidad eruptó en 1998, cuando un conflicto entre el ejército y las fuerzas policiales de Serbia tuvo como resultado la matanza de más de 1,500 albaneses de Kosovo. La comunidad internacional expresó sus preocupaciones mientras 400,000 personas fueron expulsadas de sus hogares. Su desalojamiento fue el resultado de la resistencia por parte de Milosevic de utilizar mecanismos diplomáticos para resolver la crisis pacíficamente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gendercide.org\/case_kosovo.html","start":147,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/WORLD\/europe\/9904\/11\/kosovo.refugees.02\/","start":237,"end":253}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras la OTAN consideraba las formas de ayudar a alcanzar una resolución pacífica a la crisis, la situación continuó empeorando. La OTAN decidió autorizar ataques aéreos en apoyo a los esfuerzos diplomáticos para poner presión al régimen de Milosevic a retirar las tropas de Kosovo, a colaborar en darle fin a la violencia y a facilitar el retorno de los refugiados a sus hogares. En el último momento, el presidente Milosevic aceptó cumplir y los ataques aéreos se suspendieron.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nato-bombs-yugoslavia","start":148,"end":172},{"href":"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/special_report\/1998\/kosovo\/271265.stm","start":451,"end":481}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 1999, el conflicto en Kosovo se encendió de nuevo. La OTAN amenazó con el uso de ataques aéreos una vez más y envió la Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa (OSCE, por sus siglas en inglés) para observar el cumplimiento de ambas partes.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=pVR1vPCXObsC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196&dq=nato+Organization+for+Security+and+Cooperation+in+Europe+kosovo&source=bl&ots=TSj13DiyII&sig=vA3k0UoAyenAjr9CesVx8t_bEec&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBGoVChMIs76rlZ2MxwIVQw2SCh266Qd7#v=onepage&q=nato%20Organization%20for%20Security%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Europe%20kosovo&f=false","start":122,"end":176}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque la delegación albanesa de Kosovo firmó un tratado de paz, la delegación de Serbia no lo hizo y después de varios intentos de hacer paz con Serbia, la OTAN lanzó una campaña aérea llamada Operación Fuerza Aliada. Después de 77 días, la OTAN retiró sus tropas y empezó una serie de esfuerzos humanitarios para aliviar el sufrimiento de los miles de refugiados que fueron obligados a huir de Kosovo debido a la campaña de depuración étnica de Serbia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/kosovo\/history.htm","start":239,"end":264}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál fue la opinión de Bernie sobre la crisis de Kosovo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante un evento local organizado por Bernie para hablar sobre la guerra aérea de OTAN en Serbia en mayo de 1999, dijo al empezar, “Si alguien cree que hay una solución simple a este problema, entonces esa persona saber muy poco sobre este problema.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dazZyVW7DaQ","start":115,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie no quería participar en otra guerra terrestre como el esfuerzo fracasado en Vietnam y opinaba que los ataques aéreos minimizarían las muertes de militares estadounidenses y sería la manera más probable de detener a un criminal de guerra — Milosevic — con quien no se podía negociar diplomáticamente. En otras palabras, opinaba que el apoyo de ataques aéreos de la OTAN en Serbia era justificado por motivos humanitarios.","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dazZyVW7DaQ","id":"dazZyVW7DaQ"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué pasó?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Al final, la resolución sobre Kosovo ganó el respaldo del Congreso, permitiendo la participación de Estados Unidos utilizando ataques aéreos. Los ataques aéreos de la OTAN empezaron a finales de marzo de 1999 y terminaron a mediados de junio de ese mismo año. Poco tiempo después de que los ataques aéreos terminaron, el gobierno de Serbia acordó desarmarse y su desmilitarización completa ocurrió en septiembre. Milosevic y otros líderes fueron condenados por crímenes de guerra en la Corte Internacional de Justicia de La Haya.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/sconres21","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/kosovo\/etc\/cron.html","start":142,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/serbia\/8538575\/Serbian-war-criminals-Slobodan-Milosevic-profile.html","start":439,"end":479}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Intervención en Libia","anchors":[{"name":"libya-intervention","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En 2011, la Primavera Árabe llegó a Libia en forma de una insurrección popular. Después de que el dictador Muammar Gaddafi respondió con ataques violentos en contra de civiles, la OTAN utilizó la intervención militar para apoyar a los rebeldes y poner fin a la guerra. Desde entonces, Libia ha sido un país inestable y continúa arruinado por el conflicto. Bernie tiene una opinión conservativa sobre la participación militar en Libia y opina que, en lugar de eso, debimos gastar ese dinero en solucionar los problemas de Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution","start":12,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo era la situación en Libia en 2011?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Después de la expulsión del ACNUR – la comisión de las Naciones Unidas para los refugiados – a finales del 2010, y de que se filtraran varios cables diplomáticos mostrando que el gobierno libio había manejado mal sus materiales nucleares, el descontento empezó a colarse en Libia. La detención de la activista de derechos humanos Fethi Tarbel - a principios de 2011 - condujo a protestas, confrontaciones con la policía y disturbios en Benghazi, que luego se propagaron por todo el país. Este conflicto se convirtió rápidamente en la guerra civil de Libia, que ultimadamente resultó en la intervención militar de la OTAN para derribar al gobierno del dictador de Libia, Muammar Gaddafi.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10264625","start":11,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/03\/wikileaks-cables-libya-enriched-uranium","start":200,"end":237},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/africa\/the-arrest-that-triggered-the-revolt-to-remove-qaddafi","start":330,"end":342},{"href":"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/libya\/8327919\/Protests-in-Libya-over-human-rights-campaigner.html","start":368,"end":387},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12477275","start":470,"end":486},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/aug\/29\/-sp-briefing-war-in-libya","start":534,"end":555}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué intervino la OTAN?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La comunidad internacional observó con alarma mientras que Gaddafi atacaba a civiles en sus esfuerzos para recuperar el control sobre el país. En Estados Unidos, el Congreso aprobó de forma unánime una resolución pidiendo a las Naciones Unidas imponer una zona de exclusión aérea y alentar a Gaddafi a dejar el poder. Poco tiempo después, una zona de exclusión aérea fue impuesta con el apoyo de Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, esto no impidió la continuación de ataques contra civiles de parte del ejército de Gaddafi. Como respuesta, la OTAN llevó a cabo ataques aéreos en Libia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":77,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/voices.washingtonpost.com\/2chambers\/2011\/03\/senate_passes_libya_resolution.html","start":198,"end":212},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/16\/world\/africa\/16libya.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0","start":444,"end":482},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_71652.htm","start":533,"end":577}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué resultó tan controversial la participación de Estados Unidos en Libia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El presidente Obama se aseguró de notificar al Congreso en las primeras 48 horas después de anunciar que había autorizado una intervención militar estadounidense en Libia, según lo prescrito en la Ley de Poderes de Guerra. Esto inició un periodo de 60 días durante el cual él necesitaba obtener la aprobación del Congreso. Si no la obtenía durante ese periodo, según la ley, tenía como máximo 30 días para terminar las hostilidades.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/war-powers.php","start":197,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después de los 90 días, el asesor de Obama, Robert Bauer, argumentó que el presidente tenía el derecho de continuar la campaña militar en Libia sin respaldo legislativo, básicamente infringiendo una ley establecida.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/06\/16\/us\/politics\/16powers.html","start":58,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué dijo Bernie sobre Libia en el momento?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En una entrevista en febrero de 2011, Bernie expresó preocupación sobre la decisión de Obama de circunvenir la Ley de Poderes de Guerra, diciendo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/2011\/03\/28\/sanders-questions-war-in-libya\/","start":45,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Creo que una de las razones por las que muchas personas se sienten molestas es por que esta guerra se llevó a cabo sin consultar al Congreso, sin debate en el Congreso. Mira, todo el mundo entiende que Gaddafi es un matón y un asesino. Queremos que él se vaya, pero estando atascados en dos guerras, no estoy muy seguro que necesitemos una tercera.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"En una entrevista en junio de ese mismo año, dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2011\/06\/08\/interview_with_senator_bernie_sanders_110147.html","start":3,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Tengo mis dudas sobre nuestra actividad en Libia. Digo, tenemos un déficit enorme. Estamos luchando en dos guerras. Y basado en esos factores mi opinión sería algo conservador.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿cómo ha votado Bernie en cuanto a nuestra intervención en Libia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie no ha tenido la oportunidad de votar en proyectos de ley sobre la decisión de Obama de participar en los ataques aéreos en Libia. El proyecto de ley Kerry-McCain, redactado por demócratas en el Senado — queriendo demostrar apoyo a la intervención militar del presidente en Libia - fue removido de la votación en julio de 2011 porque los republicanos prometieron votar en contra “sin importar los intereses de seguridad nacional” debido a una disputa irrelevante sobre el presupuesto.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/firstread.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2011\/07\/05\/7019971-reid-pulls-libya-resolution-cites-protest-over-budget?lite","start":288,"end":315}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué pasó después de que los ataques aéreos de la OTAN ayudaron a vencer a Gaddafi?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aunque los rebeldes crearon un gobierno provisional y celebraron elecciones después de la caída del régimen de Gaddafi, el gobierno nuevo enfrentó desafíos de otros grupos rebeldes y nunca pudo consolidar su poder.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idAFTRE8010H920120102","start":65,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-gaddafi-bani-walid-022\/","start":194,"end":213}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El 11 de septiembre de 2012, militantes islamistas atacaron el consulado estadounidense en Benghazi y mataron el embajador estadounidense, Chris Stevens, y a tres personas más. Después de los ataques, Bernie emitió  la declaración siguiente:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/13\/world\/middleeast\/us-envoy-to-libya-is-reported-killed.html","start":51,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/attack-on-us-consulate-in-libya","start":208,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Quedé profundamente perturbado y entristecido al enterarme de la muerte del embajador Chris Stevens y de otros tres miembros del personal consular estadounidense. Junto con presidente Obama, condeno los actos insensatos de violencia en nuestro consulado diplomático en Benghazi. Las familias de los cuatro estadounidenses que estaban sirviendo a nuestro país están en nuestros pensamientos y en nuestras oraciones.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Después de los ataques contra el consulado estadounidense, la violencia entre las facciones se intensificó. En 2014, la guerra civil se reanudóa gran escala y continúa hasta este día.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.conflict-news.com\/libyas-second-civil-war-how-did-it-come-to-this\/","start":117,"end":143}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo reaccionó Estados Unidos ante el ataque a su consulado en Benghazi?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Estados Unidos inmediatamente incrementó la seguridad en las instalaciones diplomáticas y militares a nivel mundial, y comenzó a investigar el ataque de Benghazi. A lo largo de la investigación, se descubrió que el ataque en Benghazi fue premeditado, y no ocurrió debido a las protestas contra un vídeo antimusulmán creado en Estados Unidos, como se había teorizado inicialmente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/worldnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2012\/09\/12\/13824089-us-wont-rule-out-islamist-militant-link-to-attack-sends-forces-to-libya?lite","start":30,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2012\/10\/09\/state-department-no-video-protest-at-the-benghazi-consulate\/","start":238,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque Estados Unidos y la OTAN fueron exitosos en el esfuerzo militar de derrocar a Gaddafi, no lograron su objetivo general de iniciar un camino hacia la democracia y la estabilidad en Libia. \r\n\r\nDesde el ataque contra el consulado en 2012, Estados Unidos y otros países occidentales han recortado su personal en Libia. Después del incidente en Benghazi que fue la prioridad principal del gobierno de Obama, Estados Unidos estableció un plan de ocho años para entrenar a las fuerzas de seguridad de Libia. Sin embargo, el programa no ha podido empezar debido a la situación peligrosa en el país y porque el gobierno de Libia no ha podido recaudar los fondos requeridos para el programa.\r\n\r\nHoy en día, Libia es considerado por la mayoría de observadores como un estado fallido y un desastre humanitario.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nContra la Expansión\r\nBernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN ya que podría conducir a una mayor agresividad de parte de Rusia, que es territorialmente sensible a la expansión de la alianza militar hacia el oriente. Bernie también opina que Estados Unidos paga un porcentaje demasiado grande de los gastos de la OTAN.\r\n¿Quiénes son los miembros actuales de la OTAN?\r\nLos países que son miembros de la OTAN incluyen a Estados Unidos, Canadá, el Reino Unido, Francia, Alemania, España, Portugal, Islandia, Italia, Dinamarca, Noruega, Polonia, Turquía, Rumanía, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Letonia, Bulgaria, Lituania, Croacia, Bélgica, la República Checa, Estonia, Albania, Luxemburgo, Holanda, Hungría y Grecia.\r\n¿Cuáles países quieren ser miembros?\r\nBosnia, Georgia, Montenegro, Macedonia y Ucrania han expresado interés en unirse a la OTAN. La afiliación potencial de Ucrania se ha convertido en un tema muy candente en el último año mientras su conflicto con Rusia continúa.\r\n¿Cuál es la opinión de Bernie sobre la expansión de la OTAN?\r\nBernie se opone, argumentando que es un desperdicio del dinero del pueblo estadounidense y que no es geopolíticamente coherente. En 1997, como congresista, Bernie dijo:","type":"h3"},{"text":"“Después de cuatros años de la guerra fría y billones de dólares de los contribuyentes estadounidenses gastados para competir en la carrera armamentista, muchos de nuestros constituyentes entienden que ahora no es el momento de continuar desperdiciando miles de millones de dolares ayudando a defender a Europa, y mucho menos pagar la mayoría de los costos de expandir la OTAN hacia el este.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Por qué quiere Bernie prevenir que otros países se unan?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que la expansión hacia el este de la OTAN es una provocación innecesaria hacia Rusia — y como dijo en la cita anterior, él no está interesado en regresar a la era de la Guerra Fría, cuando Rusia y Estados Unidos estaban enfrentándose constantemente.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":58,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hasta los políticos “pro-occidentales” en Rusia se han mantenido reticentes a respaldar la expansión de la OTAN para incluir a Letonia, Lituania y Estonia, los países bálticos que fueron parte de la antigua Unión Soviética. El enviado personal del presidente ruso Vladimir Putin insinuó que si Finlandia obtenía membresía en la OTAN, que habría “una tercera Guerra Mundial,” y Putin mismo llamó la membresía potencial de Ucrania una “amenaza directa” a la seguridad nacional de Rusia.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/acad\/fellow\/98-00\/sapronas.pdf","start":6,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/barentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2014\/06\/putin-envoy-warns-finland-against-joining-nato-09-06","start":350,"end":372},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/04\/05\/world\/europe\/05nato.html","start":434,"end":449}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre la opinión de Bernie sobre Putin en la página de Rusia.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-russia\/","start":57,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Hay otras razones por las que Bernie se opone a la expansión de la OTAN?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los contribuyentes estadounidenses pagan el 22% del presupuesto de la OTAN, contribuyendo casi 712 millones de dólares en 2010. La mayoría de los aliados de Estados Unidos que son miembros de la OTAN han disminuido sus gastos militares, mientras que Estados Unidos contribuye más del doble del segundo financiador. Bernie cree que los europeos deberían desempeñar un papel más grande en la financiación del presupuesto de defensa de una coalición principalmente europea.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/topics_67655.htm","start":35,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/gates-criticizes-nato-how-much-does-us-pay\/","start":95,"end":126},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-31619553","start":200,"end":235},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CREC-1997-06-10\/pdf\/CREC-1997-06-10-pt1-PgE1159-6.pdf#page=1","start":364,"end":429}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"National Security","url":"\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-foreign-policy-and-national-security\/bernie-sanders-on-national-security\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/american-soldier-381847_640-350x231.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/american-soldier-381847_640.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Border Security","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/#border-security","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/13107520265_462592282f_k-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/13107520265_462592282f_k.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Immigration","type":"h1"},{"text":"said“profoundly broken,”supports immigration reformroughly 11 million undocumented people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3928948\/bernie-sanders-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1111737868710490112","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113071717742792704","start":25,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0201193","start":52,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"labor exploitation“hundreds of new judges”saying thatrescind the bancosponsored seven bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/working\/entry\/18944\/bernie-sanders-coalition-immokalee-workers-florida-tomato-pickers","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-fox-town-hall-immigration_n_5cb50544e4b082aab08ab77a","start":18,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/supreme-court-upholds-trump-muslim-ban","start":42,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/rescind-the-muslim-ban","start":53,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":68,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#need-for-immigration-reform","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","links":[{"href":"#path-to-citizenship","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"#dream-act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","links":[{"href":"#border-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","links":[{"href":"#economic-exploitation","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"81 bills","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"immigration reform platform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Bernie speaks at the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Washington D.C., on June 23, 2016 ","Bernie speaks at an Immigration Town Hall in Los Angeles on June 4, 2016","Bernie speaks at the U.S.\/Mexico Border in Nogales, Arizona on March 19, 2016","Bernie introduces a comprehensive immigration plan on Nov. 24, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Council of La Raza in Kansas City on July 13, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Las Vegas, Nevada, on June 19, 2015"]},{"text":"How has Bernie been personally impacted by immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Polish immigrant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FynNrU76dto","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie supported for immigration reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports DACAalso supports DAPA has calledcurrently held up by the courts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/azdc\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration-reform\/28997883\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals","start":10,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":14,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans","start":28,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/bernie-sanders-daca-donald-rump-dreamers-ugliest-cruel-decision-us-president-history-immigrants-a7931966.html","start":33,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals#Legal_challenges_to_recission","start":43,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dream Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"restructuring ICEvoted against creating the agency","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":17,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenshipcontinues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":39,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Uniting Families Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/296","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Posthumous Citizenship Restoration Act of 2001 Secret Evidence Repeal Act of 2001advance notice of any evidence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2623","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/1266","start":47,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=clevstlrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1297%2526context%253Dclevstlrev%26sa%3DD%26sntz%3D1%26usg%3DAFQjCNFcv-G0VztNjSvzbpBa8Sd4BpLKYQ#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1297%26context%3Dclevstlrev%22","start":82,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/108th-congress\/house-bill\/3987","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Court Improvement Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/116\/s663\/text","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","type":"h2"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenship","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continues to emphasizePutting it more starkly","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":22,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"July 2015 speech","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MxX0jKrOYBU","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"considers it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do people want to be citizens of the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"after becoming a citizen","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/csii.usc.edu\/documents\/citizen_gain_web.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act conditional resident status certain other requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/dream-act-daca-and-other-policies-designed-protect-dreamers","start":65,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":92,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In this video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5GlqMKb4iE","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What are U.S. visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"U.S. visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/us-visas.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What concerns does Bernie have about the use of visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"H-1B guest worker programpointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/top-10-h1b-guestworker-offshore-outsourcing\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/2916827\/bernie-sanders-h-1b-skeptic.html","start":25,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"exploitation“close to slavery.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/bernie-sanders-is-correct-on-immigration\/","start":12,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported visa reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 changes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00168","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744:","start":5,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":86,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"further proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/guide-s744-understanding-2013-senate-immigration-bill","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredwhich would have","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/600","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/a-balancing-act-for-h-1b-visas\/","start":11,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"building a fencevoted says“continues to lie”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2018\/12\/23\/bernie_sanders_border_wall_is_a_waste_of_money_and_i_wont_support_it.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-446.htm","start":17,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2018_CBS_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":23,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2019\/1\/9\/trump_lies_all_of_the_time","start":27,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has supported does not","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/437790-bernie-sanders-blasts-open-borders-theres-a-lot-of-poverty-in-this-world","start":13,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is border security and why is it important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/topic\/border-security","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But shouldn’t we be doing more to secure our border?","type":"h3"},{"text":"is a mythPEW Research Centerrecent increase","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/doliaestevez\/2015\/09\/03\/debunking-donald-trumps-five-extreme-statements-about-immigrants-and-mexico\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/11\/27\/u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-total-dips-to-lowest-level-in-a-decade\/","start":9,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/trump-administration-overwhelmed-record-border-crossings-asylum-requests-193500455.html","start":28,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on border security legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/4437?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+4437%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6061?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6061%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6095?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6095%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted forwould have provided","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013","start":9,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. and Canada Border Pactworking to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/new-border-deal-canada-customs-agents-could-work-in-u-s-vice-versa-1.2996454","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-us-and-canada-border-pact","start":27,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the story of exploitation of undocumented immigrants?","type":"h3"},{"text":"hire unskilled workers from Central America and South America at lower wages. These employers often benefit by both exploiting immigrant workers and using these low wage workers to further undermine and","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/roomfordebate\/2015\/09\/03\/is-immigration-really-a-problem-in-the-us\/employers-exploit-unauthorized-immigrants-to-keep-wages-low","start":0,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"poor working conditions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opportunityagenda.org\/explore\/resources-publications\/immigration-policy-solutions-upholding-workers-rights","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to prevent Immigrant Exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protect Our Workers from Exploitation and Retaliation Act (POWER Act)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/workersrights\/poweract\/","start":0,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Immigration Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1348\/text","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"workers’ rights","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Cybersecurity","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-cybersecurity\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/security-265130_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/security-265130_1280.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Cybersecurity","type":"h1"},{"text":"cost the U.S. government significantlybillions more in lossesvulnerable to attack.NSA was hackedstolensoldU.S. critical infrastructure","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/national\/snowden-chinese-hackers-stole-f-35-fighter-jet-blueprints-article-1.2084888","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.mcafee.com\/us\/resources\/reports\/rp-economic-impact-cybercrime2.pdf","start":38,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/opinion\/cybersecurity\/382822-is-critical-infrastructure-vulnerable-to-catastrophic-attack","start":61,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/nsa-hacking-tools-stolen-hackers","start":82,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/information-technology\/2019\/05\/stolen-nsa-hacking-tools-were-used-in-the-wild-14-months-before-shadow-brokers-leak\/","start":96,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2017\/06\/29\/shadow_brokers_threaten_nsa_hacker\/","start":102,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/cybersecurity\/2019\/05\/nsa-deflects-blame-baltimore-ransomware-attack\/157376\/","start":106,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tough comprehensive legislation has yet to be enactedrights and data of American citizens","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R43317.pdf","start":0,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/cybersecurity-foiled-by-filibuster","start":53,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Threats to the Nation","links":[{"href":"#threats-to-the-nation","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legislative Issues","links":[{"href":"#legislative-issues","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Privacy or Security?","links":[{"href":"#privacy-or-security","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Threats to the Nation","type":"h2"},{"text":"over 22 million Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/exclusive-25-million-affected-opm-hack-sources\/story?id=32332731","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"conducted the “Stuxnet” cyberattack 85 percentcritical infrastructure is privately ownedutilities power gridweapons systems are vulnerablenot doing enough","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/11\/countdown-to-zero-day-stuxnet\/","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/260\/252603.pdf","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cato.org\/publications\/tax-budget-bulletin\/who-owns-us-infrastructure","start":46,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/wed-be-crippled-by-a-cyberattack-on-our-utilities\/2018\/10\/14\/206b0dc6-cca8-11e8-a360-85875bac0b1f_story.html?utm_term=.d145dc390f33","start":88,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/is-the-power-grid-getting-more-vulnerable-to-cyber-attacks\/?redirect=1","start":97,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2018\/10\/09\/many-u-s-weapons-systems-are-vulnerable-to-cyberattack\/","start":108,"end":138},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/694913.pdf","start":138,"end":154}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is critical infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Presidential Policy Directive 21","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/ISC-PPD-21-Implementation-White-Paper-2015-508.pdf","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Chemical: sites that manufacture, store, use, or transport basic chemicals, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals and consumer products","Commercial Facilities: sites with large crowds for shopping, entertainment, or lodging","Communications: satellite, wireless and wireline providers, and the internet","Critical Manufacturing Sector: production of primary metals, machinery, electrical equipment, appliances and components, and transportation equipment","Dams: dams, navigation locks, levees, hurricane barriers, mine tailings impoundments, hydroelectric power generation, municipal and industrial water supplies, agricultural irrigation, sediment and flood control, river navigation for inland bulk shipping, industrial waste management and recreation","Defense Industrial Base: R&D, as well as the design, production, delivery and maintenance of military weapons systems, subsystems, components or parts ","Emergency Services: fire and rescue, emergency medical, emergency management","Energy: electricity, oil and natural gas","Financial Services: depository institutions, providers of investment products, insurance companies, other credit and financing organizations","Food and Agriculture: 2.1 million farms, 935,000 restaurants, and more than 200,000 registered food manufacturing, processing and storage facilities","Government Facilities: office buildings, military installations, embassies, courthouses, national laboratories and structures with critical equipment, systems and networks","Healthcare and Public Health: protecting all sectors from terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters","Information Technology: hardware, software, IT systems and services, and the Internet","Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste: nuclear facilities, materials and waste","Transportation Systems: moving people and goods - aviation, highways, maritime, mass transit, passenger rail, pipelines, freight rail and postal and shipping","Water and Wastewater Systems: drinking water and wastewater treatment"]},{"text":"How much of a threat is there? Are there that many cyber attacks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent losslargest government data breachessteady increasenew guidance on cyberattacksNorth KoreaRussiaChina","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2015\/jun\/04\/us-government-massive-data-breach-employee-records-security-clearances","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/chinese-hackers-breach-federal-governments-personnel-office\/2015\/06\/04\/889c0e52-0af7-11e5-95fd-d580f1c5d44e_story.html","start":11,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/660\/652817.pdf","start":43,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/rss_viewer\/International_Strategy_Cyberspace_Factsheet.pdf","start":58,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2015\/01\/19\/we-hacked-north-korea-before-north-korea-hacked-u-s\/","start":86,"end":97},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/04\/07\/politics\/how-russians-hacked-the-wh\/","start":97,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/chinese-hackers-breach-federal-governments-personnel-office\/2015\/06\/04\/889c0e52-0af7-11e5-95fd-d580f1c5d44e_story.html","start":103,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/696946.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":439},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/key_issues\/ensuring_security_federal_information_systems\/issue_summary","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What kind of attacks are we talking about?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.accenture.com\/t20190416T193928Z__w__\/us-en\/_acnmedia\/Accenture\/Redesign-Assets\/DotCom\/Images\/Global\/General\/11\/Accenture-Cost-Cybercrime-infographic-thumbnail.png","type":"img","width":724,"height":290},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.accenture.com\/us-en\/insights\/security\/cost-cybercrime-study","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What needs to be done to protect critical infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"the risks are increasin plans to protect from threats","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-18-645T","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/696105.pdf","start":23,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cybersecurity strategy cybersecurity strategy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/DHS-Cybersecurity-Strategy_1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2018\/Sep\/18\/2002041658\/-1\/-1\/1\/CYBER_STRATEGY_SUMMARY_FINAL.PDF","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/696947.png","type":"img","width":650,"height":688},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/key_issues\/ensuring_security_federal_information_systems\/issue_summary","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much do cyber attacks cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to fight cyberattacks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"mass surveillanceCybersecurity Act of 2012Protecting Cyber Networks Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/117738\/bernie-sanders-rips-nsa-spying-and-pushes-for-end-to-mass-surveillance","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15638\/41957\/27110\/cybersecurity-act-of-2012","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/hr1560","start":42,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie say about the cybersecurity threat?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie seems concerned with not only security but privacy as well. Should we really worry about government surveillance and privacy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"agreeconcerned about the Constitutionality","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2015\/03\/16\/americans-privacy-strategies-post-snowden\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/why-i-dont-care-about-edward-snowden","start":5,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legislative Issues","type":"h2"},{"text":"What cybersecurity laws have already been passed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Other recent cybersecurity laws","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.insideprivacy.com\/united-states\/congress-passes-four-cybersecurity-bills\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996) requires health providers to protect health information and not disclose it without a patient’s permission.","Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999) requires financial institutions to protect financial records and information.","Homeland Security Act of 2002 requires the government to protect the information it has.","Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 requires government networks and information held by the government to be protected from cyber intrusion.","National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015 protects businesses from liability for sharing information about individuals with the government. ","The Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 regulates voluntary public-private partnership with the government to share user information to address cybersecurity.\r\n","Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) of 2015 requires Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and software companies to protect their systems. And requires sharing of information about cybersecurity threats and Internet traffic information between the U.S. government ISPs.","Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) passed in 1986 allows the U.S. government to use GPS to track cellphones and to access digital communications such as email, social media messages, information on public cloud databases without a warrant if the items in question are 180 days old or older. Google reported that the government made 60,000 requests for information in 2018."]},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand with cybersecurity legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Cybersecurity Act of 2012recent cyberattacksmade it cleara filibuster by Republicans in the Senate preventedat the time","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15638\/41957\/27110\/cybersecurity-act-of-2012","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/05\/china-suspected-in-theft-of-federal-employee-records","start":25,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/cybersecurity-foiled-by-filibuster","start":44,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/08\/03\/us\/politics\/cybersecurity-bill-blocked-by-gop-filibuster.html?_r=0","start":57,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2012\/08\/02\/politics\/cybersecurity-act\/","start":99,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/cybersecurity-foiled-by-filibuster","start":108,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted noNational Defense Authorization Actdefense spendingthe Protecting Cyber Networks Actprivacy of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/114-2015\/s215","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/public-statement\/990493\/national-defense-authorization-act-for-fiscal-year-2016","start":8,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":42,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/house-bill\/1560","start":58,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":91,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other cybersecurity laws are there?","type":"h3"},{"text":"CFAA","type":"h4"},{"text":"Computer Fraud and Abuse Act  USA PATRIOT Act Espionage Act of 1917death of Aaron SwartzAaron’s Law","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaltrends.com\/web\/understanding-the-cfaa\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA_PATRIOT_Act","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espionage_Act_of_1917","start":45,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/cfaa","start":67,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1196","start":88,"end":95},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1030\/text","start":96,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2001\/h398","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"CISPA\/CISA","type":"h4"},{"text":"introduced in 2011 reintroduced two more timesbusinesseswith limited oversight and privacy safeguards ambiguous threat to privacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3523","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/624","start":19,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/house-bill\/234","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3523","start":47,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2012\/4\/27\/2976718\/cyber-intelligence-sharing-and-protection-act-cispa-hr-3523","start":57,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/the-new-cispa-bill-is-literally-exactly-the-same-as-the-1679496808","start":102,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposed the 2013 CISPA Cybersecurity Information Sharing Actquickly passed strongly opposed the bill voted against it","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2013\/apr\/18\/business\/la-fi-tn-house-passes-cispa-20130417","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/754%22","start":22,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2015\/11\/03\/lesson-of-cisa-success-or-how-to-fight-a-zombie\/","start":60,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/politics\/bernie-sanders-cisa-senate-2016-presidential-candidates\/","start":74,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?&congress=114&session=1&vote=00291","start":100,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vvfVysjFQ54","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Privacy or Security?","type":"h2"},{"text":"Privacy is too important to the American people to not take into consideration.","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has Bernie said in regard to cybersecurity legislation and privacy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/cybersecurity-foiled-by-filibuster","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/cybersecurity-foiled-by-filibuster","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is Bernie alone when it comes to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"letterElectronic Frontier Foundation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyberlaw.stanford.edu\/files\/blogs\/technologists_info_sharing_bills_letter_w_exhibit.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/cybersecurity-bill-faq","start":6,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Do citizens agree with Bernie on cybersecurity and privacy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/08\/16\/concern-over-nsa-privacy-violations-unites-democrats-and-republicans-poll-finds\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Privacy and Digital Rights Page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"U.S. Military","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-military-and-veterans\/#the-role-of-the-united-states-military","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/soldiers-1002_1920-350x211.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/soldiers-1002_1920.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Military & Veterans","type":"h1"},{"text":"military is too large","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"diplomatic alternativesoverseas military basesmeddling in the affairs of other sovereign nationsunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/422442\/what-would-a-president-bernie-sanderss-foreign-policy-look-like\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/06\/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321","start":23,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997\/","start":46,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":96,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Militaryunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"#the-role-of-the-united-states-military","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":24,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","links":[{"href":"#supporting-military-members-and-families","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","links":[{"href":"#supporting-veterans","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released Honoring Our Commitment to Veterans, his detailed plan to guarantee veterans the benefits and services they were promised, fully fund the VA, compensate veterans for injuries and illnesses connected to their military service, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/honoring-veterans\/","start":20,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Military","type":"h2"},{"text":"believes in Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":11,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about current levels of defense spending?","type":"h3"},{"text":"too much moneyDefense budgetwastelack of accountability fraud and mismanagementoverrunsmoving companies overseasfailed its first ever audit26 senators","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/pentagon-budget-mystery-807276\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/vetsforbernie.org\/2019\/04\/bernie-sanders-only-candidate-to-vote-against-all-3-trump-military-budgets\/","start":14,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-calls-for-review-of-pentagon-waste-outrageous-pay-for-contractor-ceos","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-opposes-bloated-pentagon-budget","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/fraudulent-defense-contractors-paid-1-trillion","start":55,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2018\/03\/15\/sen-bernie-sanders-takes-aim-at-defense-firm-excess\/","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-statement-on-carrier-and-outsourcing","start":87,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-pentagon-audit-idUSKCN1NK2MC","start":112,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2019\/02\/01\/senators-warn-to-keep-the-audit-going-after-pentagon-fails-to-meet-briefing-deadline\/","start":139,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2.4 million746,000 civilian Department of Defense personnel560,000 military contractors next seven largest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":11,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/691305.pdf","start":59,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pgpf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/0053_defense_comparison-full.gif","type":"img","width":640,"height":480},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"defense relatedU.S. budget in 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/tom-dispatch-america-defense-budget-bigger-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-federal-budget-breakdown-3305789","start":15,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Base Defense Budget: $554.1 Billion","War Budget: $173.8 Billion","Nuclear Budget: $24.8 Billion ","Defense Related to Other Agencies: $9 Billion","Veterans Affairs: $216 Billion","Foreign Military Aid (2017): $16.9 Billion","Intelligence Agency Budget: $81.1 Billion","Interest on debt from Iraq and Afghanistan wars: ? of $479 Billion"]},{"text":"strong defense systemthe cost of endless warsdistract us from","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/files\/cow\/imce\/papers\/2018\/Cappella%20Zielinski_June%202018_War%20Financing%20and%20Inequality.pdf","start":22,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/video\/flashback-rep-bernie-sanders-opposes-iraq-war","start":46,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"firmly rejectsvoted against all three of President Trump’s military budgets.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-defense-authorization-bill","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/22\/defense","start":15,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"costs of engaging in military conflicts ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":39,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie wrote in an op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/5\/2\/18525580\/bernie-sanders-plan-cut-military-spending","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support the F-35?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Vermont National Guard to base the first F-35 operationsconcluded that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-air-national-guard-to-be-first-f-35-joint-strike-fighter-base","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":56,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"highly critical been calledweapons systemcost $1.5 trillionalmost four timesinitial estimate numerous delays malfunctionsF-35 exploded on a runway Bernie called nearly $32 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/102312","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/16\/politics\/f-35-jsf-operational-costs\/","start":15,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.f35.com\/about","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/interactive.aviationtoday.com\/avionicsmagazine\/august-september-2018\/f-35-is-the-trillion-dollar-fighter-finally-worth-it\/","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-15-429T","start":59,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/670\/669605.pdf","start":76,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/story\/military\/2015\/04\/15\/problems-facing-f35-maintainers-automated-system\/25781075\/","start":92,"end":107},{"href":"http:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2014\/07\/04\/f35-fleet-grounded.html","start":108,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com\/we-finally-know-why-an-f-35-burned-on-the-runway-1630541564","start":121,"end":146},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":146,"end":159},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/totals.php?id=D000000104&cycle=2018","start":160,"end":178}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support or oppose drone strikes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expressed grave concernHerevoted againstconcerns about how he would oversee the CIA’s drone program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/near-death-experience-vermont-end-of-life-bill-lives-another-day\/Content?oid=2242879","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a0S28Kqa8jU","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/represent\/votes\/113\/senate\/1\/32","start":28,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-congress-brennan\/senate-confirms-john-brennan-as-new-cia-director-idUSBRE92617F20130308","start":41,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-030813","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s view on Space Force, the newest branch of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"directed the Pentagon to begin planning for Space Forcenew military serviceU.S. Space Commandno funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/space\/2018\/06\/18\/trump-orders-creation-of-independent-space-force\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":56,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/6485550c424444a99f399bbe501aaf88","start":76,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/07\/trump-space-force-congress\/565967\/","start":94,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Space Forcestated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1027649166359580672?lang=en","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","type":"h2"},{"text":"2.4 million members of the military3 million family members","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":35,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done for members of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"100 percent tuition-free millions to enter the middle class","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/GIBILL\/resources\/benefits_resources\/rates\/ch33\/ch33rates080115.asp","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":25,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie done anything for military families?","type":"h3"},{"text":"immense demandsstrains on military family memberscause hardships for childrendeploymentsfinancial stress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.secome.org\/MFLS-ComprehensiveReport17-FINAL.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/childmind.org\/topics\/concerns\/military-families\/","start":15,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/info.1in5minds.org\/blog\/four-common-challenges-that-military-kids-face-and-what-parents-can-do-to-help","start":49,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/deployment\/effects-deployment-families.html","start":77,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.clarionledger.com\/story\/money\/personal-finance\/consumerwatch\/2017\/05\/05\/military-families-face-financial-stresses\/101291312\/","start":88,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration ActNational Military Family Association includes provisions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/NMFA1950.pdf","start":86,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/s-1982-summary?inline=file","start":122,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"transferred to a service member’s spouse or dependent secure funding for childcare support for military families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-9\/11_Veterans_Educational_Assistance_Act_of_2008#Proposed_2014_changes","start":0,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/support-for-military-families","start":54,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to help veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a long history","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/veterans","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Meet Our Commitment to Our Veterans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fully fund and expand the VA so that every veteran gets the care that they have earned and deserve.","Get veterans compensated faster by improving how compensation claims are processed.","Expand the VA’s Caregivers Program.","Expand mental health services for veterans.","Make comprehensive dental care available to all veterans at the VA."]},{"text":"“Choice Act,”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":1,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4538387\/sen-bernie-sanders-veterans-affairs-health-systems","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie able to accomplish as Chair of the Senate Veterans’ Affairs Committee?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a memberSenate Veterans’ Affairs Committee first Independent to be chair of the Committee","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/about\/committees","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/","start":8,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs","start":42,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"VA scandalwhistleblowers At least 23died while waiting for careaverage of 115 daysemployees cheated the system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/9\/26\/18080592\/va-scandal-explained","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/06\/21\/601127245\/for-va-whistleblowers-a-culture-of-fear-and-retaliation","start":10,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces","start":24,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/06\/24\/us\/senator-va-report\/index.html","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":36,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":63,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":82,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"effective deal-makerfight for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/how-bernie-sanders-fought-for-our-veterans-119708","start":20,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worked with Sen. John McCain Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act“Choice Actbipartisan support","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/plaws\/publ146\/PLAW-113publ146.pdf","start":28,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":76,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access private care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/VCP\/index.asp","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widely recognized and applauded as the deal-maker that made this bill possible","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie been doing for our vets?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tremendous support from military and veterans’ service organizationsChoice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/veterans\/#support","start":0,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":69,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That sounds like a lot. Has Bernie done anything else for veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013nearly 50 percent38,000 homeless veterans. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/825","start":10,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/dod.defense.gov\/News\/Article\/Article\/881729\/veteran-homelessness-drops-nearly-50-percent-since-2010\/","start":50,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2018-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":67,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredPost-9\/11 GI Billmassive piece of legislationstatementFind out if you qualify","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-announces-new-veterans-benefits","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr2131\/BILLS-109hr2131ih.pdf","start":11,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/education\/gi-bill\/new-post-911-gi-bill-overview.html","start":28,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/gi-bill-education-benefits-expanded","start":56,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/education\/about-gi-bill-benefits\/post-9-11\/","start":65,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against the Mission Actfirst step to privatizingVeterans Community Care Program (VCCP)VA MISSION Act of 2018private-sector doctors and hospitalsinstead of to the VAJune 6veterans support groupsconcerned","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/115-2018\/s106","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/newswire\/2018\/05\/23\/sanders-vote-no-va-mission-act","start":29,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/General_Care.asp","start":54,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2372\/text","start":92,"end":114},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/389072-senate-sends-major-va-reform-bill-to-trumps-desk%3famp","start":114,"end":150},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/trumps-under-radar-push-dismantle-veterans-health-care","start":150,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/federalnewsnetwork.com\/veterans-affairs\/2019\/04\/rollout-may-not-be-perfect-but-va-insists-its-ready-for-the-mission-act\/","start":170,"end":176},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vfw.org\/media-and-events\/latest-releases\/archives\/2019\/3\/vfw-concerned-with-va-mission-act-implementation","start":176,"end":199},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/putting-veterans-risk","start":199,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pledge to End the Forever War","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do veterans think of Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014the legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/0203vet1pager?inline=file","start":98,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As Bernie said of the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RCEJVcpK0Yw","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military and Veteran Groups that supported Bernie’s work for veterans in the 113th Congress:","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Air Force Sergeants Association","American Ex-Prisoners of War","American Military Retirees Association","Commissioned Officers Association of the U.S. Public Health Service (COA)","Disabled American Veterans","Enlisted Association of the National Guard","Fleet Reserve Association","Gold Star Wives of America","Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America","Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America","Marine Corps Reserve Association","Military Officers Association of America","Military Order of the Purple Heart","National Association of State Veterans Homes","National Guard Association of the United States","National Association for Uniformed Service","National Coalition for Homeless Veterans","Non-Commissioned Officers Association of the United States","National Military Family Association","Paralyzed Veterans of America","The American Legion","The Retired Enlisted Association","Warrant Officers Association","Chief Petty Officers Association","Vets First","Veterans of Foreign Wars","Vietnam Veterans of America"]},{"text":"2014 Col. Arthur T. Marix Congressional Leadership Award Congressional Award from the Veterans of Foreign Wars","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reformer.com\/stories\/sanders-receives-award-for-defending-veterans,351914","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/vfw-congressional-award","start":57,"end":110}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"U.S. Military","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-military-and-veterans\/#the-role-of-the-united-states-military","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/soldiers-1002_1920-350x211.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/soldiers-1002_1920.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Military & Veterans","type":"h1"},{"text":"military is too large","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"diplomatic alternativesoverseas military basesmeddling in the affairs of other sovereign nationsunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/422442\/what-would-a-president-bernie-sanderss-foreign-policy-look-like\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/06\/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321","start":23,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997\/","start":46,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":96,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Militaryunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"#the-role-of-the-united-states-military","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":24,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","links":[{"href":"#supporting-military-members-and-families","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","links":[{"href":"#supporting-veterans","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released Honoring Our Commitment to Veterans, his detailed plan to guarantee veterans the benefits and services they were promised, fully fund the VA, compensate veterans for injuries and illnesses connected to their military service, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/honoring-veterans\/","start":20,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Military","type":"h2"},{"text":"believes in Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":11,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about current levels of defense spending?","type":"h3"},{"text":"too much moneyDefense budgetwastelack of accountability fraud and mismanagementoverrunsmoving companies overseasfailed its first ever audit26 senators","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/pentagon-budget-mystery-807276\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/vetsforbernie.org\/2019\/04\/bernie-sanders-only-candidate-to-vote-against-all-3-trump-military-budgets\/","start":14,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-calls-for-review-of-pentagon-waste-outrageous-pay-for-contractor-ceos","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-opposes-bloated-pentagon-budget","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/fraudulent-defense-contractors-paid-1-trillion","start":55,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2018\/03\/15\/sen-bernie-sanders-takes-aim-at-defense-firm-excess\/","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-statement-on-carrier-and-outsourcing","start":87,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-pentagon-audit-idUSKCN1NK2MC","start":112,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2019\/02\/01\/senators-warn-to-keep-the-audit-going-after-pentagon-fails-to-meet-briefing-deadline\/","start":139,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2.4 million746,000 civilian Department of Defense personnel560,000 military contractors next seven largest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":11,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/691305.pdf","start":59,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pgpf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/0053_defense_comparison-full.gif","type":"img","width":640,"height":480},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"defense relatedU.S. budget in 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/tom-dispatch-america-defense-budget-bigger-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-federal-budget-breakdown-3305789","start":15,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Base Defense Budget: $554.1 Billion","War Budget: $173.8 Billion","Nuclear Budget: $24.8 Billion ","Defense Related to Other Agencies: $9 Billion","Veterans Affairs: $216 Billion","Foreign Military Aid (2017): $16.9 Billion","Intelligence Agency Budget: $81.1 Billion","Interest on debt from Iraq and Afghanistan wars: ? of $479 Billion"]},{"text":"strong defense systemthe cost of endless warsdistract us from","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/files\/cow\/imce\/papers\/2018\/Cappella%20Zielinski_June%202018_War%20Financing%20and%20Inequality.pdf","start":22,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/video\/flashback-rep-bernie-sanders-opposes-iraq-war","start":46,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"firmly rejectsvoted against all three of President Trump’s military budgets.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-defense-authorization-bill","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/22\/defense","start":15,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"costs of engaging in military conflicts ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":39,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie wrote in an op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/5\/2\/18525580\/bernie-sanders-plan-cut-military-spending","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support the F-35?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Vermont National Guard to base the first F-35 operationsconcluded that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-air-national-guard-to-be-first-f-35-joint-strike-fighter-base","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":56,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"highly critical been calledweapons systemcost $1.5 trillionalmost four timesinitial estimate numerous delays malfunctionsF-35 exploded on a runway Bernie called nearly $32 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/102312","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/16\/politics\/f-35-jsf-operational-costs\/","start":15,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.f35.com\/about","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/interactive.aviationtoday.com\/avionicsmagazine\/august-september-2018\/f-35-is-the-trillion-dollar-fighter-finally-worth-it\/","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-15-429T","start":59,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/670\/669605.pdf","start":76,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/story\/military\/2015\/04\/15\/problems-facing-f35-maintainers-automated-system\/25781075\/","start":92,"end":107},{"href":"http:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2014\/07\/04\/f35-fleet-grounded.html","start":108,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com\/we-finally-know-why-an-f-35-burned-on-the-runway-1630541564","start":121,"end":146},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":146,"end":159},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/totals.php?id=D000000104&cycle=2018","start":160,"end":178}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support or oppose drone strikes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expressed grave concernHerevoted againstconcerns about how he would oversee the CIA’s drone program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/near-death-experience-vermont-end-of-life-bill-lives-another-day\/Content?oid=2242879","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a0S28Kqa8jU","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/represent\/votes\/113\/senate\/1\/32","start":28,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-congress-brennan\/senate-confirms-john-brennan-as-new-cia-director-idUSBRE92617F20130308","start":41,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-030813","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s view on Space Force, the newest branch of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"directed the Pentagon to begin planning for Space Forcenew military serviceU.S. Space Commandno funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/space\/2018\/06\/18\/trump-orders-creation-of-independent-space-force\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":56,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/6485550c424444a99f399bbe501aaf88","start":76,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/07\/trump-space-force-congress\/565967\/","start":94,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Space Forcestated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1027649166359580672?lang=en","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","type":"h2"},{"text":"2.4 million members of the military3 million family members","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":35,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done for members of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"100 percent tuition-free millions to enter the middle class","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/GIBILL\/resources\/benefits_resources\/rates\/ch33\/ch33rates080115.asp","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":25,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie done anything for military families?","type":"h3"},{"text":"immense demandsstrains on military family memberscause hardships for childrendeploymentsfinancial stress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.secome.org\/MFLS-ComprehensiveReport17-FINAL.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/childmind.org\/topics\/concerns\/military-families\/","start":15,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/info.1in5minds.org\/blog\/four-common-challenges-that-military-kids-face-and-what-parents-can-do-to-help","start":49,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/deployment\/effects-deployment-families.html","start":77,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.clarionledger.com\/story\/money\/personal-finance\/consumerwatch\/2017\/05\/05\/military-families-face-financial-stresses\/101291312\/","start":88,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration ActNational Military Family Association includes provisions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/NMFA1950.pdf","start":86,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/s-1982-summary?inline=file","start":122,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"transferred to a service member’s spouse or dependent secure funding for childcare support for military families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-9\/11_Veterans_Educational_Assistance_Act_of_2008#Proposed_2014_changes","start":0,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/support-for-military-families","start":54,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to help veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a long history","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/veterans","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Meet Our Commitment to Our Veterans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fully fund and expand the VA so that every veteran gets the care that they have earned and deserve.","Get veterans compensated faster by improving how compensation claims are processed.","Expand the VA’s Caregivers Program.","Expand mental health services for veterans.","Make comprehensive dental care available to all veterans at the VA."]},{"text":"“Choice Act,”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":1,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4538387\/sen-bernie-sanders-veterans-affairs-health-systems","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie able to accomplish as Chair of the Senate Veterans’ Affairs Committee?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a memberSenate Veterans’ Affairs Committee first Independent to be chair of the Committee","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/about\/committees","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/","start":8,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs","start":42,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"VA scandalwhistleblowers At least 23died while waiting for careaverage of 115 daysemployees cheated the system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/9\/26\/18080592\/va-scandal-explained","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/06\/21\/601127245\/for-va-whistleblowers-a-culture-of-fear-and-retaliation","start":10,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces","start":24,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/06\/24\/us\/senator-va-report\/index.html","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":36,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":63,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":82,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"effective deal-makerfight for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/how-bernie-sanders-fought-for-our-veterans-119708","start":20,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worked with Sen. John McCain Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act“Choice Actbipartisan support","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/plaws\/publ146\/PLAW-113publ146.pdf","start":28,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":76,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access private care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/VCP\/index.asp","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widely recognized and applauded as the deal-maker that made this bill possible","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie been doing for our vets?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tremendous support from military and veterans’ service organizationsChoice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/veterans\/#support","start":0,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":69,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That sounds like a lot. Has Bernie done anything else for veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013nearly 50 percent38,000 homeless veterans. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/825","start":10,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/dod.defense.gov\/News\/Article\/Article\/881729\/veteran-homelessness-drops-nearly-50-percent-since-2010\/","start":50,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2018-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":67,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredPost-9\/11 GI Billmassive piece of legislationstatementFind out if you qualify","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-announces-new-veterans-benefits","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr2131\/BILLS-109hr2131ih.pdf","start":11,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/education\/gi-bill\/new-post-911-gi-bill-overview.html","start":28,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/gi-bill-education-benefits-expanded","start":56,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/education\/about-gi-bill-benefits\/post-9-11\/","start":65,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against the Mission Actfirst step to privatizingVeterans Community Care Program (VCCP)VA MISSION Act of 2018private-sector doctors and hospitalsinstead of to the VAJune 6veterans support groupsconcerned","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/115-2018\/s106","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/newswire\/2018\/05\/23\/sanders-vote-no-va-mission-act","start":29,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/General_Care.asp","start":54,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2372\/text","start":92,"end":114},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/389072-senate-sends-major-va-reform-bill-to-trumps-desk%3famp","start":114,"end":150},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/trumps-under-radar-push-dismantle-veterans-health-care","start":150,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/federalnewsnetwork.com\/veterans-affairs\/2019\/04\/rollout-may-not-be-perfect-but-va-insists-its-ready-for-the-mission-act\/","start":170,"end":176},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vfw.org\/media-and-events\/latest-releases\/archives\/2019\/3\/vfw-concerned-with-va-mission-act-implementation","start":176,"end":199},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/putting-veterans-risk","start":199,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pledge to End the Forever War","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do veterans think of Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014the legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/0203vet1pager?inline=file","start":98,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As Bernie said of the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RCEJVcpK0Yw","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military and Veteran Groups that supported Bernie’s work for veterans in the 113th Congress:","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Air Force Sergeants Association","American Ex-Prisoners of War","American Military Retirees Association","Commissioned Officers Association of the U.S. Public Health Service (COA)","Disabled American Veterans","Enlisted Association of the National Guard","Fleet Reserve Association","Gold Star Wives of America","Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America","Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America","Marine Corps Reserve Association","Military Officers Association of America","Military Order of the Purple Heart","National Association of State Veterans Homes","National Guard Association of the United States","National Association for Uniformed Service","National Coalition for Homeless Veterans","Non-Commissioned Officers Association of the United States","National Military Family Association","Paralyzed Veterans of America","The American Legion","The Retired Enlisted Association","Warrant Officers Association","Chief Petty Officers Association","Vets First","Veterans of Foreign Wars","Vietnam Veterans of America"]},{"text":"2014 Col. Arthur T. Marix Congressional Leadership Award Congressional Award from the Veterans of Foreign Wars","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reformer.com\/stories\/sanders-receives-award-for-defending-veterans,351914","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/vfw-congressional-award","start":57,"end":110}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Government Regulation","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-government-regulation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/GOVERNMENT-REFORM-2-350x199.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/GOVERNMENT-REFORM-2.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Corporate Regulation","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/architecture-building-city-41170-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/architecture-building-city-41170.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Corporate Regulation","type":"h1"},{"text":"Real Wall Street Reformoverseas tax havensbillions in government subsidiestax loopholespay their taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.frontiergroup.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/The%20Hidden%20Cost%20of%20Offshore%20Tax%20Havens%20vUS.pdf","start":23,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/taxanalysts\/2014\/03\/14\/where-is-the-outrage-over-corporate-welfare\/","start":42,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.accounting-degree.org\/accounting-tricks\/","start":74,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press\/2015\/02\/05\/sanders-says-we-can-create-jobs-by-making-profitable-corporations-pay-their-fair-share-of-taxes","start":87,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Offshore Tax Havens","links":[{"href":"#end-offshore-tax-havens","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Subsidies to Big Business","links":[{"href":"#big-business","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturn Citizens United","links":[{"href":"#citizens-united","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Support Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses","links":[{"href":"#small-businesses","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Offshore Tax Havens","type":"h2"},{"text":"Business Roundtablerarely pay the 35 percent ratepay no taxes at allstash their profits tax evasion methodsOffshore LeaksPanama PapersParadise PapersSwiss Leaks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/larrysummers.com\/2017\/10\/24\/33826\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2008\/08\/13\/study-tallies-corporations-not-paying-income-tax\/?_r=0","start":19,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/business\/taxes\/trumps-tax-cuts\/you-paid-taxes-these-corporations-didnt\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/taxanalysts\/2014\/03\/14\/where-is-the-outrage-over-corporate-welfare\/#4f7d4b8127dd","start":68,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pbJVte7mkJs","start":88,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/blog\/2013\/04\/highlights-offshore-leaks-so-far\/","start":107,"end":121},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/panama-papers\/","start":121,"end":134},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/series\/paradise-papers","start":134,"end":149},{"href":"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/swiss-leaks\/","start":149,"end":160}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"these businessesto get around paying their fair share avoiding their tax liability to maximize profits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2017\/8\/10\/16122636\/american-action-tax-reform-ad","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/business\/taxes\/trumps-tax-cuts\/you-paid-taxes-these-corporations-didnt\/","start":16,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2015\/jun\/19\/tax-havens-money-cayman-islands-jersey-offshore-accounts","start":53,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"issued a reporteditoria","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Tax-Dodge-Report-3.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/corporate-greed-must-end_b_7653442","start":15,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’m no economist. How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/11\/amazon-starbucks-corporate-tax-avoidance\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a country with low corporate tax rates common method of tax evasion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/what-is-corporate-inversion-4164559","start":39,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Florida-based Burger King acquired and merged with Tim Horton’s under the umbrella company Restaurant Brands International. Now based in Canada, it could avoid $117 million in U.S. taxes by never having to pay corporate income tax on foreign profits it holds offshore.","Ingersoll Rand reincorporated in Bermuda in 2002 and then relocated again to Ireland in 2009, all while keeping the bulk of its management and workforce in North Carolina.","Minnesota-based Medtronic, one of the world’s largest medical technology companies, acquired Ireland-based Covidien in 2014 while maintaining its presence in Minnesota."]},{"text":"“double Irish” or a “Dutch Sandwich,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/double-irish-with-a-dutch-sandwich.asp?version=v1","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.offshorecompany.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/double-irish-arrangement-with-dutch-sandwich.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":479},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.offshorecompany.com\/company\/ireland-corp\/tax-savings\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I love companies like Amazon and Google. Why should I care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":" Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":1,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"especially to American small businessestax breaks,profits earned offshore$155.1 billion$664.9 billionBernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.uspirg.org\/sites\/pirg\/files\/reports\/U.S.%20PIRG%20Ed%20Fund%20-%20Picking%20Up%20The%20Tab%202015.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/what-tcja-repatriation-tax-and-how-does-it-work","start":40,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econres\/notes\/feds-notes\/us-corporations-repatriation-of-offshore-profits-20180904.htm","start":51,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/03\/27\/us-companies-bring-home-665-billion-in-overseas-cash-last-year.html","start":74,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/03\/27\/us-companies-bring-home-665-billion-in-overseas-cash-last-year.html","start":88,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/report-republican-tax-bill-hands-15-corporations-236-billion-tax-break","start":102,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4811490\/Screen_Shot_2014-07-25_at_12.22.42_PM.png","type":"img","width":753,"height":733},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/7\/25\/5936837\/chart-us-corporations-declining-tax-burden-inversions-corporate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I keep hearing that we have the “highest corporate tax rates” in the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"effective tax ratecorporations paid an average of 13% in income taxes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kellyphillipserb\/2012\/08\/20\/romneys-number-is-13-9-whats-yours\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/660\/654957.pdf","start":18,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/www.vww.crfb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/OECD%20Tax%20Revenue.png","type":"img","width":764,"height":564},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.crfb.org\/blogs\/us-highest-taxed-nation-world","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this study Cato Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cato.org\/publications\/policy-analysis\/corporate-welfare-federal-budget","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cato_Institute","start":11,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/53\/Corporate_tax_rates_history.png","type":"img","width":4957,"height":1823},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Corporate_tax_rates_history.png","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"used to pay a lot more 33 percent in 1950 to just 9 percent today","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/7\/25\/5936837\/chart-us-corporations-declining-tax-burden-inversions-corporate-tax","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":23,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/statistics\/corporate-income-tax-share-gdp-1946-2015","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie have to say about all of this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"called out Amazoncalled out many others","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116796724662632448","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118223317465468928","start":17,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"publicly called out published a letter","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trueactivist.com\/18-ceos-called-out-by-bernie-sanders-for-taking-trillions-in-bailouts-evading-taxes-and-outsourcing-jobs","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052970203937004578076253372633058","start":20,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Top Corporate Tax Dodgers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/102512%20-%20JobDestroyers3.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2011 editorial official report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/end-tax-breaks-for-profit_b_841173.html","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press\/2015\/02\/05\/sanders-says-we-can-create-jobs-by-making-profitable-corporations-pay-their-fair-share-of-taxes","start":15,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Citigroup received $2.5 trillion of taxpayer bailout funds, stashed $43.8 billion of profits overseas, and would owe $11.7 billion if and when this money is repatriated.","Bank of America received $1.3 trillion in bailout funds but holds $17 billion of profits offshore (in 143 tax haven subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands alone). That amounts to an outstanding tax bill of $4.3 billion.","IBM has $52.3 billion in profits held offshore but gets $13.2 billion in tax breaks for a 5.8 percent effective tax rate. Again, the full corporate rate is 35 percent.","Boeing got $9.6 billion in tax breaks for a total tax refund of $401 million between 2008 and 2013, despite claiming $26.4 billion in profits over this period.","General Electric would have paid $14.8 billion more in federal income taxes than it did between 2008 and 2013 if it had paid the full 35 percent federal income tax rate — to say nothing of the $16 billion bailout it received during the financial crisis.","Verizon got $15.6 billion of tax breaks on its $42.5 billion of profits from 2008 to 2013 to net a total refund of $732 million over this period, all while cutting 62,000 jobs in the U.S."]},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Real Wall Street Reform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Break up the banks considered “too big to fail”","Reinstate Glass-Steagall","Cap credit card interest rates","Create a postal banking system","Cap ATM withdrawal fees","Audit the Federal Reserve","Institute a financial transactions tax"]},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"letter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-asks-obama-to-close-six-egregious-corporate-tax-loopholes","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay their fair share of taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Establish a progressive estate tax","Pass the Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Act","Tax Wall Street speculation","Eliminate the income cap on Social Security payroll taxes","End special tax breaks on capital gains and dividends for the top 1%","Increase the top marginal tax rate on income above $10 million","Close tax loopholes that benefit the wealthy and large corporations"]},{"text":"End Subsidies to Big Business","type":"h2"},{"text":"fought for yearslegalized bribery","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/end-tax-breaks-for-profit_b_841173.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/250187-sanders-campaign-finance-system-amounts-to-legalized","start":17,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving billions of dollars in taxpayer money to the most profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Study study study recent study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.goodjobsfirst.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/pdf\/UncleSamsFavoriteCorporations.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ips-dc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/IPS_Fleecing_Uncle_Sam_Report_Nov2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/object.cato.org\/sites\/cato.org\/files\/pubs\/pdf\/tbb-0205-7.pdf","start":11,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.goodjobsfirst.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/pdf\/UncleSamsFavoriteCorporations.pdf","start":17,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many policies.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bill-quigley\/ten-examples-of-welfare-for-the-rich-and-corporations_b_4589188.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["State and local subsidies","Direct federal subsidies","Federal tax breaks ","Mortgage deduction ","Government bailout of Wall Street","Thousands specialized tax breaks for corporations and businesses","Companies pay fees or fines instead of being criminally prosecuted"]},{"text":"I don’t understand. Why?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Economic development incentives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_Development_Incentives","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Harvard Business Review pay CEOs million-dollar salaries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/09\/profits-without-prosperity\/ar\/1","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/22\/news\/companies\/ceo-pay\/","start":24,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/up_workingpapers\/291\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on taking on these corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"particularly egregious over $21 billion in production and exploration subsidies introduced legislation Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/priceofoil.org\/2014\/07\/09\/cashing-in-on-all-of-the-above-u-s-fossil-fuel-production-subsidies-under-obama\/","start":23,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":80,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":103,"end":117},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":118,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"taking advantage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5388596\/billionaires-welfare-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/9\/11\/17831970\/stop-bezos-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does “Welfare for Walmart” mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthiest family in America $175 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/walmart-walton-heirs-net-worth-cities","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/15\/the-walton-family-is-worth-more-than-jeff-bezos-or-bill-gates.html","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$6.2 billion each yearWelfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.americansfortaxfairness.org\/files\/Walmart-on-Tax-Day-Americans-for-Tax-Fairness-1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":22,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video of a 2014 hearing  ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak on behalf of Walmart workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-21\/walmart-to-skip-vip-treatment-for-meeting-crasher-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#corporations-exploit-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Stop BEZOS Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Act, wcosponsored a similar bill in the House in 2005this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/stop-bezos-act-2018?id=C2E88AC5-C629-4680-8F8D-9EE74F343560&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/3917\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&r=2&s=5","start":63,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/introducing-the-stop-bad-employers-by-zeroing-out-subsidies-bezos-act\/2276207615741918\/","start":110,"end":120}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Export-Import Bank?","type":"h3"},{"text":"thorough explanation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/cards\/export-import-bank","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"above video nearly one-third of all its financing went to Boeing","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546940","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/la-oe-0728-short-koenig-ex-im-expiration-20150728-story.html","start":12,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced an amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/107th-congress\/house-amendment\/469?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22hr2871%5C%22%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie saidarticle Judith DelZoppo Pryor Kimberly ReedExport-Import Bank’s board of directors","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-against-ex-im-bank","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/5\/10\/18538207\/bernie-sanders-2020-presidential-candidates-policies-export-import-bank","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00102","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00100","start":41,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/05\/07\/opinion\/export-import-bank-trump-corporate-welfare.html","start":55,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturning Citizens United","type":"h2"},{"text":"Citizens Unitedpublic funding of elections.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/reclaimdemocracy.org\/who-are-citizens-united\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/public-financing-of-campaigns-overview.aspx","start":15,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie want comprehensive campaign finance reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"influence campaigns and electionsoutsized voice in lawmaking and policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z4kcH42oxYw","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/01\/citizens-united\/","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t the wealthiest people always had more influence on our government?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here he is in 2002","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9RGEWG-fCBo","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how will he overturn Citizens United and what does public funding of elections mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Political Reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Support Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"supporting America’s small businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Specifically, how has Bernie supported small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"mentioned above raise the minimum wage protect immigrant workers trade deals","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/#big-business","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#economic-growth","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/#visa-reform","start":39,"end":64},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#Keeping-jobs-in-the-U.S.","start":65,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie voted against  Bankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 discharge debt from credit card companies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":22,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":80,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business issue pageFinancial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":26,"end":46}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Financial Regulation","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/usa-wall-st-350x253.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/usa-wall-st.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Financial Regulation","type":"h1"},{"text":"Reinstate Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"#glass-steagall","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Break up the Big Banks","links":[{"href":"#break-up-the-big-banks","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tax on Wall Street Speculation","links":[{"href":"#tax-on-wall-street","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a Fair Banking for All plan to cap interest rates at 15% and institute postal banking to make banking services widely accessible and end lending discrimination.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fair-banking-for-all\/","start":22,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reinstate Glass-Steagall","type":"h2"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall Actfederal deposit insurance Financial Services Modernization Actrepeal of Glass-Steagall contributedco-sponsored bipartisan 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/glass-steagall-act-definition-purpose-and-repeal-3305850","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fdic.gov\/deposit\/deposits\/faq.html","start":18,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.banking.senate.gov\/conf\/grmleach.htm","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/blog\/banking\/glass-steagall-act-explained\/","start":80,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/881\/cosponsors","start":116,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s881\/BILLS-115s881is.pdf","start":128,"end":170}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the difference between commercial and investment banks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Commercial banksfinancial crisisgovernment securities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/c\/commercialbank.asp","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/heres-what-jp-morgan-says-could-cause-the-next-financial-crisis-2018-09-11","start":16,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/governmentsecurity.asp","start":32,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investment bankshedge fundsmergers and acquisitionscomplex financial assetsbondsderivativesFDIC","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/investment-banking.asp","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e83f9c52-6910-11e1-9931-00144feabdc0","start":16,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2018-07-12\/small-businesses-and-startups-lose-to-market-dominating-giants","start":27,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/role-of-derivatives-in-creating-mortgage-crisis-3970477","start":51,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/wall-street-and-the-finan_b_553339","start":75,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bubble-derivatives-otc-2010-5?r=US&IR=T","start":80,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fdic.gov\/deposit\/deposits\/faq.html","start":91,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Explain this to me. What is the history of Glass-Steagall?","type":"h3"},{"text":"era of giant national banksRiegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994McFadden Act of 1927only “no” vote against Riegle-Neal","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/riegle_neal_act_of_1994","start":27,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/STATUTE-108\/pdf\/STATUTE-108-Pg2338.pdf","start":39,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act","start":94,"end":114},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":114,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/riegle_neal_act_of_1994","start":137,"end":148}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nerdwallet.com\/blog\/banking\/glass-steagall-act-explained\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justified the repeal“supermarket”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3u3x2WPyvVEC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=%22supermarket+banks%22+glass-steagall+2000&source=bl&ots=1qyOZxyIeK&sig=PF7Kp3Vev_JrOgRDjubGEZYKNH0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmaf0uurdAhVBnuAKHWGlDOYQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22supermarket%20banks%22%20glass-steagall%202000&f=false","start":20,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lobbyingdebt-to-equity ratios were 33 to 1","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=3u3x2WPyvVEC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=%22supermarket+banks%22+glass-steagall+2000&source=bl&ots=1qyOZxyIeK&sig=PF7Kp3Vev_JrOgRDjubGEZYKNH0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijmaf0uurdAhVBnuAKHWGlDOYQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22supermarket%20banks%22%20glass-steagall%202000&f=false","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2012\/06\/how-we-got-the-crash-wrong\/308984\/","start":8,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/01\/25\/business\/economy\/25view.html","start":29,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"taxpayers had to bailout the big banks Joseph Stiglitz Paul Krugman 2008 global financial crisis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/17\/the-real-cost-of-the-2008-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/warning\/interviews\/stiglitz.html#2","start":38,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/krugman.blogs.nytimes.com\/2008\/03\/29\/the-gramm-connection\/","start":54,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/aug\/07\/global-financial-crisis-key-stages","start":67,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"big banks become giant bankspowerinfluence$12.2 trillion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2010\/01\/bank-merger-history\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/the-price-of-wall-streets-power","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/5060844a-0420-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9","start":33,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":42,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jack Reed from Citicorpinfluence and power of big banks","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/1990\/11\/citicorp-faces-the-world-an-interview-with-john-reed","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/38549973","start":23,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"retroactively legalize1998 merger","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/04\/07\/news\/citicorp-and-travelers-plan-to-merge-in-record-70-billion-deal-a-new-no.html","start":22,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"asked about the deal at the time Citigroup hiredpaid $100 million over a decadeBob Rubinpushed$700 billion bank bailout","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r7fj_n83xZY","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1999\/10\/27\/business\/former-treasury-secretary-joins-leadership-triangle-at-citigroup.html","start":34,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2010\/04\/08\/regrets-expected-from-2-former-leaders-at-citi\/","start":49,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/ALLPOLITICS\/stories\/1999\/05\/12\/rubin\/","start":80,"end":89},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/tarp-bailout-program-3305895","start":89,"end":95},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/17\/the-real-cost-of-the-2008-financial-crisis","start":95,"end":120}],"type":"p"},{"text":"removing banking regulations57 percent loss of banksrural communities and lower income urban neighborhoods","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/mcfadden_act","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/wallstreetonparade.com\/2016\/02\/57-percent-of-our-banks-have-disappeared-you-can-thank-bill-clinton\/","start":28,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/maps.ncrc.org\/bankdeserts\/index.html","start":52,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would Glass-Steagall have stopped the crisis or the bailout? Will it prevent future crises?","type":"h3"},{"text":"prevent abuses in the banking sector","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2012\/may\/20\/wall-street-role-financial-crisis","start":1,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"bipartisan support for reintroducing the Glass-Steagall protections","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cantwell.senate.gov\/news\/record.cfm?id=324753","start":0,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what is Bernie’s position on Glass-Steagall?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporter of Glass-Steagalltaxpayer exposure to potential losses should a financial conglomerate fail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/story\/why-bernies-right-about-glass-steagall\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-backs-21st-century-glass-steagall-act","start":34,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only “Nay” vote against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislationbreak up banks Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act 21st Century Glass-Steagall Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-files-bill-to-break-up-big-banks","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/taibbi-bernie-sanders-banks-732633\/","start":22,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/880\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22financial+transaction+tax%22%5D%7D","start":36,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.warren.senate.gov\/files\/documents\/Glass_Steagall_Act_of_2015.pdf","start":80,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wall Street reforms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/real-wall-street-reform\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Break up too-big-to-fail banks.","End the too-big-to-jail doctrine.","Reinstate the Glass-Steagall Act.","Cap credit card interest rates.","Allow every post office to offer basic and affordable banking services.","Cap ATM fees.","Audit the Federal Reserve and make it a more democratic institution so that it becomes responsive to the needs of ordinary Americans, not just the billionaires on Wall Street.","Restrict rapid-fire financial speculation with a financial transactions tax.","Reform credit rating agencies."]},{"text":"Employee Ownership Bank","type":"h4"},{"text":"U.S.Employee Ownership Bank Act of 2019similar legislation in 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/esop-act-text?id=80E71E49-C25D-485D-A078-DF4F72083F5B&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s2411is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s2411is.pdf","start":39,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"No Loan Sharking Law","type":"h4"},{"text":"No Loan Sharking Lawstates already set limits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2019\/05\/09\/bernie-sanders-ocasio-cortez-want-cap-credit-card-interest-rates-percent\/?utm_term=.b99016706183","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126542922386673664","start":20,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"68% of Republicans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/republicans-love-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-plan-cap-interest-rates-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126526816364171270","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Postal Banking","type":"h4"},{"text":"postal bankingadopted a similar systemaccess to nondiscriminatory banking services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126562485102714880","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/8\/14\/5989767\/postal-banking-questions","start":14,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.campaignforpostalbanking.org\/know-the-facts\/","start":38,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126562485102714880","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Break Up the Big Banks","type":"h2"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis at least 14.4 trillion dollars","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/troubled-asset-relief-program","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=ijioyNf3DikC&dq=It+Takes+a+Pillage:+Behind+the+Bailouts,+Bonuses,+and+Backroom+Deals+from+Washington+to+Wall+Street&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=hlZ79pKHDJ&sig=w-9iKfPUCSEqT3tSiP_9vp1nWlU&hl=en&ei=BMMqS-rWCpLwsgOcvo3FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false","start":21,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/the-real-size-of-bailout.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":937},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2009\/12\/real-size-bailout-treasury-fed\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Explain the problem to me in language I can understand.","type":"h3"},{"text":"speculate, make risky investments, and enrich themselves","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2012\/may\/20\/wall-street-role-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2010 Dodd-Frank financial reform lawrepealedreplacedEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act$250 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/PLAW-111publ203\/pdf\/PLAW-111publ203.pdf","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/dodd-frank-wall-street-reform-act-3305688","start":37,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/no-dodd-frank-was-neither-repealed-nor-gutted-heres-what-really-happened\/","start":45,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/hr10\/BILLS-115hr10rfs.pdf","start":53,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/hr10\/BILLS-115hr10rfs.pdf","start":116,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So why break them up?","type":"h3"},{"text":"powerinfluence$2 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/the-price-of-wall-streets-power","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mintpressnews.com\/banks-spent-staggering-2-billion-dollars-lobbying-2016-us-election\/225728\/","start":5,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-banks-lobbying\/banks-spent-record-amounts-on-lobbying-in-recent-election-idUSKBN16F26P","start":14,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"lobbyistsinfluence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/federal-politics\/five-lobbyists-for-each-member-of-congress-on-financial-reforms\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/dealbook.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/23\/banks-lobbyists-help-in-drafting-financial-bills\/?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=CCFD9A0618D3E4830EAB242C746358D7&gwt=pay","start":9,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$12.2 trillion in assets.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018-c7aa.jpg","type":"img","width":1600,"height":1815},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/howmuch.net\/articles\/americas-top-50-banks-and-thrifts-2018","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on “too big to fail”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"criticized","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/financial-reform","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced  Too Big to Fail, Too Big to Exist Actbreak upJP Morgan ChaseCitigroupGoldman SachsBank of AmericaMorgan Stanley","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-files-bill-to-break-up-big-banks","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tbtfleg?inline=file","start":11,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tbtfsummary\/?inline=file","start":49,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/nobody-should-shed-a-tear-for-jp-morgan-chase-62917\/","start":57,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/citigroup","start":72,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/goldman-sachs-job-sucks-2011?r=US&IR=T","start":81,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/bank-of-america","start":94,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/www.corp-research.org\/morgan-stanley","start":109,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uYrhh935h0I","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support any other regulations for the big banks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reversing tax loopholesrollbacks of banking regulations","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxjusticeblog.org\/archive\/2008\/11\/congress_should_approve_bills.php#.Vb0uNflViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-bill-that-rolls-back-bank-regulation","start":23,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tax on Wall Street Speculation","type":"h2"},{"text":"short-term profitsquickly trading stockshigh-riskquick return several leading economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/02\/high-frequency-trading-danger-risk-wall-street\/","start":18,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/anderson-law-journal\/regulating-robo-finance-an-expos%C3%A9-on-recently-ratified-sec-rule-requiring-algorithmic-trading-f27c8eb5b338","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-19214294","start":49,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":61,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT)?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Tobin Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/economics-blog\/2014\/apr\/04\/high-frequency-trading-markets-tobin-tax-financial-transactions-algorithms","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"as cited in this report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But wouldn’t this discourage investment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"target the high-frequency trading","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/robinhoodtax.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/RHT%20FAQS_2%20%282%29.pdf","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here herehere","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/a-financial-transaction-tax-would-help-ensure-wall-street-works-for-main-street\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/robinhoodtax.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Burman%20et%20al_%20NTJ%20Mar%202016%20%282%29.pdf","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thefiscaltimes.com\/2015\/07\/08\/Pros-and-Cons-Bernie-Sanders-50-Billion-Tax-Idea","start":10,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cesr.org\/tax-and-human-rights-robin-hood-no-longer-just-fairytale","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie think about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Joint Committee on Taxation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/budget-options\/2018\/54823","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can I find out more about how an FTT would work in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Financial Transaction Taxes in Theory and Practice.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/UploadedPDF\/2000287-Financial-Transaction-Taxes-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf","start":1,"end":51}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Media Ownership & Telecommunications","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-media-ownership-and-telecommunications\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/tower-820001_1920-350x151.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/tower-820001_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Media Ownership & Telecommunications","type":"h1"},{"text":"six media conglomerates accurate and unbiased informationthreat to democracy core principles of American government called out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/these-6-corporations-control-90-of-the-media-in-america-2012-6","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/163\/media-in-the-united-states","start":24,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/features\/bernie-sanders-corporate-media-threatens-our-democracy.html","start":58,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":77,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/05\/24\/bernie-sanders-slams-media-biased-presidential-campaign-coverage.html","start":116,"end":126}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Media Consolidation","links":[{"href":"#media-consolidation","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Internet Access & Net Neutrality","links":[{"href":"#internet-access","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Media Consolidation","type":"h2"},{"text":"controlled by Gannett Company","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/these-6-corporations-control-90-of-the-media-in-america-2012-6","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gannett.com\/","start":14,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15 billionaires essentially own the mediaBezosBloombergMurdochNewhouseCox HenryAdelsonMansuetoZuckermanBarbeyHubbardSoon-ShiongWarren BuffettViktor Vekselbergbillionaires control the news","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/katevinton\/2016\/06\/01\/these-15-billionaires-own-americas-news-media-companies\/#651e955e660a","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/jeff-bezos\/#3f27fee1b238","start":41,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/companies\/bloomberg\/#4e54c79f74a1","start":46,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/companies\/news-corp\/#67e55e3010de","start":55,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/donald-newhouse\/#339143821581","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/companies\/cox-enterprises\/#4bc40c565ef4","start":70,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/john-henry\/#3665f8801194","start":74,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/sheldon-adelson\/#b9691614a224","start":79,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/joe-mansueto\/#5e36f48e1ed5","start":86,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/mortimer-zuckerman\/#1a77f2b8445b","start":94,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/barbey\/#63c84806531f","start":103,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/stanley-hubbard\/#1f08b2391fb7","start":109,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/patrick-soon-shiong\/#5689694f1fee","start":116,"end":127},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/warren-buffett\/","start":127,"end":141},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/viktor-vekselberg\/","start":141,"end":158},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/28\/business\/media\/behind-the-scenes-billionaires-growing-control-of-news.html","start":158,"end":187}],"type":"p"},{"text":"millionairesMaddowBlitzerStephanopoulos","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.paradigmresearchgroup.org\/graphics\/CHI\/TV_News_Salaries.pdf","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/entertainment\/how-much-is-rachel-maddow-worth-and-what-is-her-salary.html\/","start":12,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/hollywoodmask.com\/entertainment\/wolf-blitzer-salary-net-worth.html","start":18,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/variety.com\/2019\/tv\/news\/abc-news-renews-george-stephanopoulos-1203143754\/","start":25,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graphic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/longform\/media-company-ownership-consolidation\/","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/fortunedotcom.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/07\/med_0071.png","type":"img","width":900,"height":867},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/longform\/media-company-ownership-consolidation\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But there aren’t just six TV networks! I have hundreds of different news channels and shows to choose from.","type":"h3"},{"text":"same six networks acquired21st Century Foxcontinue","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.freepress.net\/ownership\/chart","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.valuewalk.com\/2013\/05\/disney-acquisitions-and-mergers-infographic\/","start":18,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/entertainment\/archive\/2019\/03\/disney-fox-merger-and-future-hollywood\/585481\/","start":27,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/10\/09\/21st-century-fox-exec-expect-more-media-consolidation-to-combat-tech.html","start":43,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/who-owns-big-tv-networks-stations.jpg","type":"img","width":453,"height":960},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/visual.ly\/community\/infographic\/entertainment\/remote-control-who-owns-what-you-watch-tv","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, how did only a handful of corporations get control of all the major networks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Telecommunications Act of 1996restrictions disappearedSmall outletsfailedcould not compete","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c104:s.652.enr:","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/learning.blogs.nytimes.com\/2012\/02\/08\/feb-8-1996-president-clinton-signs-act-to-overhaul-telecommunications-industry\/?_r=0","start":31,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/media\/2017\/nov\/30\/closure-of-nepszabadsag-hungarian-daily-highlights-threat-to-independent-media","start":55,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/media\/2017\/nov\/30\/closure-of-nepszabadsag-hungarian-daily-highlights-threat-to-independent-media","start":68,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnewsdeserts.com\/reports\/expanding-news-desert\/loss-of-local-news\/loss-newspapers-readers\/","start":74,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"news deserts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/story\/media-consolidation-should-anyone-care\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/story\/media-consolidation-should-anyone-care\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about internet news? Do only a few companies control internet news too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbinsights.com\/research\/top-digital-media-companies-mergers-acquisitions-timeline\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But just because these networks and stations are all owned by the same people, it doesn’t necessarily mean they’re biased, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"limits variety and diversityconcerned former President Barack Obama","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2007\/11\/media-consolidation-silences-diverse-voices-006758","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2007\/11\/media-consolidation-silences-diverse-voices-006758","start":28,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"puts it","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/media\/ownership\/care.html","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 Gallup pollResearch political polarization limited local controlHarvard study2016 primary electionthreat to democracy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/1597\/confidence-institutions.aspx","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:189819\/FULLTEXT01.pdf","start":16,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2014\/10\/21\/political-polarization-media-habits\/","start":24,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/legacy\/research-reports\/National_102406_Report_Perils_of_Media_Consolidation.pdf","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/pre-primary-news-coverage-2016-trump-clinton-sanders\/#_ftnref22","start":69,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/05\/24\/bernie-sanders-slams-media-biased-presidential-campaign-coverage.html","start":82,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/story\/media-consolidation-should-anyone-care\/","start":103,"end":122}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"editorial","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/features\/bernie-sanders-corporate-media-threatens-our-democracy.html","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"important issues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mediamatters.org\/research\/2016\/05\/25\/study-sunday-shows-less-likely-weekday-competitors-discuss-poverty\/210565","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/features\/bernie-sanders-corporate-media-threatens-our-democracy.html","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has argued and has","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":11,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"watch this fantastic discussion on media consolidation between Bernie and Bill Moyers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/55073967","start":0,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie tried to do anything about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voting against on the front lines","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/104-1995\/h635","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/FCC%20Media%20Ownership%20Letter%2011%2030%202012.pdf","start":15,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Internet Access & Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"access to the Internet to be a human right relies on it completely decentralized ours","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/hrcouncil\/docs\/17session\/A.HRC.17.27_en.pdf","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/03\/20\/internet-economy-infographic_n_1363592.html","start":43,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/computer.howstuffworks.com\/internet\/basics\/who-owns-internet.htm","start":56,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2014\/01\/so-who-owns-the-internet\/","start":81,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Everyone knows the Internet is great. What does it have to do with politics?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"threaten innovation fundamental free speech issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2006\/05\/why-you-should-care-about-network-neutrality.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/technology\/211607-franken-net-neutrality-is-first-amendment-issue-of-our-time","start":19,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So where does Bernie stand on the issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie supports net neutralityclose the digital gap, not expand it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/-sanders-statement-on-fcc-decision-to-repeal-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":30,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCC ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Money in Politics","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dollar-499481_1280-350x247.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dollar-499481_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Political & Electoral Reform","type":"h1"},{"text":"make sure every voter counts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens United","links":[{"href":"#citizens-united","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"#disclose-act","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","links":[{"href":"#public-funding-of-elections","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","links":[{"href":"#democracy-day","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","links":[{"href":"#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Re-enfranchising Felons:","links":[{"href":"#reenfranchise-felons","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two-Party System","links":[{"href":"#the-two-party-system","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a plan to Get Corporate Money Out of Politics to end the corruption of national party conventions, end corruption of presidential inaugurations, reform public elections, ban advertising during presidential primary debates, institute a lifetime lobbying ban for former members of Congress and senior staffers and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/money-out-of-politics\/","start":30,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturning Citizens United","type":"h2"},{"text":"Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commissionis a form of free speechinfluence campaigns and electionscontrol the policy debate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/09pdf\/08-205.pdf","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/08-205.ZS.html","start":47,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z4kcH42oxYw","start":71,"end":104},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/01\/citizens-united\/","start":104,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":27,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens Unitedpublic funding of elections.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/reclaimdemocracy.org\/who-are-citizens-united\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/public-financing-of-campaigns-overview.aspx","start":15,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Citizens United do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"may not donate directly to campaigns","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/citizens-united-v-federal-election-commission\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about spending limits? Won’t that stop corporations from buying elections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SpeechNow.org v. Federal Election Commission Super PACs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fec.gov\/law\/litigation\/speechnow.shtml","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pacs\/superpacs.php","start":45,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5tu32CCA_Ig","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 election cycle 400 families donated almost half$6.8 billion2018 election cycle","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2017\/03\/richest-billionaires-are-top-political-spenders\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/shadowproof.com\/2015\/10\/13\/less-than-400-families-contribute-most-of-2016-presidential-funds\/","start":19,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/election-2016s-price-tag-6-8-billion\/","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/overview\/topindivs.php","start":64,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do corporations influence campaigns and policy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policydominate our elections","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":26,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicintegrity.org\/2012\/10\/18\/11527\/citizens-united-decision-and-why-it-matters","start":82,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"resistance from large corporations resistance from the private prison industry resistance from the rich","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/22\/politics\/bernie-sanders-minimum-wage-rally\/index.html","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incarceration_in_the_United_States#Privatization","start":35,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/07\/26\/the_1_percents_twisted_games_how_theyre_distorting_reality_and_diluting_democracy\/","start":79,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Jimmy Carter stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hDsPWmioSHg-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legalized bribery","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n9XB4lxUQ40","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t the wealthiest people always had more influence on our government?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here he is in 2002","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9RGEWG-fCBo","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, wealthy individuals and corporations are able to spend unlimited amounts of money to influence the political process. This sounds like an oligarchy.","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Toon13.jpg","type":"img","width":800,"height":539},{"text":"Bernie does not take any money from Super PACs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"pledged not to take any moneyfeelthebern.org1 million volunteers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/federal-politics\/elections\/presidential-profiles-2020\/9-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/","start":30,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1113475464725716992?lang=en","start":45,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raised $5.9 million in the first 24 hours more moneynot Super PACs $228 million $27","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/20\/bernie-sanders-campaign-said-it-raised-5-9-million-in-first-24-hours.html","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/4\/16\/18305133\/2020-presidential-campaign-fundraising","start":42,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/#citizens-united","start":53,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pres16\/candidate.php?id=N00000528","start":67,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-keeps-saying-his-average-donation-is-27-but-it-really-isnt\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e0394c1e5b04","start":80,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’m glad Bernie won’t take Super PAC money but everyone else is. How do we address Citizens United?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Constitutional amendment Democracy is for People amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fKV2iJj9Quc?t=303","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/031213-CUAmendmentFactSheet1.pdf","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The DISCLOSE Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"How has he addressed this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/electionlawblog.org\/archives\/DISCLOSE_Act.pdf","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explained his support ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/disclose-act","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continuously reintroduced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/mojo\/2014\/06\/senate-disclose-act-dark-money-mitch-mcconnell","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie wants to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"announced","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-public-funding-of-elections-to-replace-corrupt-system-of-legalized-bribery_--","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we pay for public financing of elections? I don’t want my tax money to go to campaigns.","type":"h3"},{"text":"most Americans agree","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/03\/us\/politics\/poll-shows-americans-favor-overhaul-of-campaign-financing.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this viral video by Professor Lawrence Lessig","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","type":"h2"},{"text":"Voter turnout compared49.3 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/voter_turnout#voter_turnout_101","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/05\/06\/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries\/","start":13,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":22,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/thumbor\/PvBSi9R-LAoD4mNj_r3eP_ZF22o=\/0x0:1800x1800\/920x0\/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1800):format(webp):no_upscale()\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/uploads\/chorus_asset\/file\/13456008\/voter_turnout.jpg","type":"img","width":920,"height":920},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"make Election Day a national holiday","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored a bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/democracyday","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","type":"h2"},{"text":"sure every voter countsvoter suppression","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/equity\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":23,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1114214364825968640","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is gerrymandering?","type":"h3"},{"text":"difficult thing to explainvideo ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/cards\/gerrymandering-explained\/what-is-gerrymandering","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6oKBreT5omY","start":27,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"favor their party so it will win more districts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"difficult to overcome","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/politics\/articles\/2018-11-17\/midterm-elections-reveal-effects-of-gerrymandered-districts","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only real way to fix it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map is currently being challenged in court by the ACLU","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/blog_main_wide_580x384\/public\/field_image\/ohio_cd2012_2.jpg?itok=lkxqgsRi","type":"img","width":1160,"height":768},{"text":"voter suppressionNew YorkOhio midterm election4 million more votes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/rochesterbeacon.com\/2019\/01\/14\/the-cost-of-gerrymandering\/","start":18,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/a\/midterms-2018","start":31,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/midterm-elections\/2018\/11\/7\/18071560\/2018-midterm-elections-democrats-gerrymandering","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie’s stance on it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie favors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/creg1lh","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Voter Suppression?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voter suppression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Last-minute changes to polling locations and hours ","Reducing the number of polling places","Reducing early voting days","Enacting voter ID laws ","Purging voter rolls","At-large elections to dilute minority voting power","Gerrymandering"]},{"text":"What is going on with the Voting Rights Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ruling outlawedallowed eleven states voter ID laws","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/26\/us\/supreme-court-ruling.html","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/24\/politics\/voting-rights-act-democrats-file-bill\/","start":37,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facingsouth.org\/2019\/03\/states-facing-federal-preclearance-under-proposed-voting-rights-act-fix","start":53,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/fighting-voter-suppression\/fighting-voter-id-requirements","start":74,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are voter ID laws?","type":"h3"},{"text":"far too overblown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/07\/09\/7-papers-4-government-inquiries-2-news-investigations-and-1-court-ruling-proving-voter-fraud-is-mostly-a-myth\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this a racial justice concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/e1uKJbG.png","type":"img","width":638,"height":370},{"text":"What does Bernie think we should do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"deeply displeased this statement Voting Rights Advancement Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/voting-rights-act-062513","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2013\/06\/25\/bernie-sanders-blasts-supreme-court-jim-crow-era-voting.html","start":17,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1659\/cosponsors?q=%7b%22search%22%3A%5b%22voting+rights%22%5d%7d&resultIndex=9","start":32,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorVoting Rights Advancement Act of 2019 most of them in the South","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/561\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s561\/BILLS-116s561is.pdf","start":9,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/crt\/jurisdictions-previously-covered-section-5","start":46,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Felon Re-Enfranchisement ","type":"h2"},{"text":"citizens who are incarcerated or on probation or parolerestrict people with felony convictions strictest nations in the world","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/publications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/phttps:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/criminal-disenfranchisement-laws-across-united-statesublications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":55,"end":94},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jul\/13\/felon-voting-laws-disenfranchisement","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restoring voting rights to felons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonprofitvote.org\/voting-in-your-state\/special-circumstances\/voting-as-an-ex-offender\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"six million people are unable to voteover-represented in our prison system under-represented in our political system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/voting-right-shouldnt-be-taken-away","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":37,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/Disenfranchisement_History.pdf","start":74,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"because of a felony conviction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["2.5% of the voting population could not vote","7.44% of the total U.S. Black population could not vote","26.15% of the Black population in Kentucky could not vote","10.43% of all Florida voting-age residents could not vote."]},{"text":"charts of the number of felons in each state who cannot vote","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map shows the rate of felon disenfranchisement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/ZmiYA3u.png","type":"img","width":998,"height":851},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one of two states Democracy Restoration Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/fd_Felony%20Disenfranchisement%20Primer.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":18,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"felons should not be disenfranchisedvoting rights should be restoredsaidincarcerated people and people on probation and parole should have the right to votesaidbelieves that the over-incarceration of people of color is a form of voter suppression Criminal Justice the Racial Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2019\/04\/06\/bernie-sanders-says-states-should-felon-voting-rights-election-2020-iowa-caucus\/3388679002\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":68,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/bernie-sanders-wants-incarcerated-people-vote-here-s-why-he-ncna993476","start":72,"end":156},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":156,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":160,"end":246},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":246,"end":262},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":267,"end":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two Party System","type":"h2"},{"text":"rejected the two-party system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which party does Bernie belong to?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Senate’s two Independent memberslongest-serving Independent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/artandhistory\/history\/common\/briefing\/senators_thirdParties.htm","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/bernie-sanders-president-democrat-145640890.html","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If he’s an Independent why is he running for the Democratic presidential nomination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"caucuses with Democratsranking, or lead, member","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/five-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/227000-senate-democrats-set-key-committee-memberships","start":23,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s addressedsince 1852","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2015\/04\/30\/bernie_sanders_joins_2016_field_--_as_a_democrat_126448.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/people.howstuffworks.com\/10-third-party-presidential-candidates.htm#page=0","start":18,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else — besides being a longtime Independent now running for President — has Bernie done to combat the two-party system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie endorses ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/reforms\/instant-runoff-voting\/endorsers-of-ranked-choice-voting\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/archive.fairvote.org\/?page=1998","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Healthcare","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Immigration","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15414285587_29b64f8cd8_k-350x179.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15414285587_29b64f8cd8_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Immigration","type":"h1"},{"text":"said“profoundly broken,”supports immigration reformroughly 11 million undocumented people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3928948\/bernie-sanders-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1111737868710490112","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113071717742792704","start":25,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0201193","start":52,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"labor exploitation“hundreds of new judges”saying thatrescind the bancosponsored seven bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/working\/entry\/18944\/bernie-sanders-coalition-immokalee-workers-florida-tomato-pickers","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-fox-town-hall-immigration_n_5cb50544e4b082aab08ab77a","start":18,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/supreme-court-upholds-trump-muslim-ban","start":42,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/rescind-the-muslim-ban","start":53,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":68,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#need-for-immigration-reform","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","links":[{"href":"#path-to-citizenship","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"#dream-act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","links":[{"href":"#border-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","links":[{"href":"#economic-exploitation","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Need for Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"81 bills","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/member\/bernard-sanders\/S000033?searchResultViewType=expanded&q=%7B%22subject%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"immigration reform platform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Bernie speaks at the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Washington D.C., on June 23, 2016 ","Bernie speaks at an Immigration Town Hall in Los Angeles on June 4, 2016","Bernie speaks at the U.S.\/Mexico Border in Nogales, Arizona on March 19, 2016","Bernie introduces a comprehensive immigration plan on Nov. 24, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Council of La Raza in Kansas City on July 13, 2015","Bernie speaks to the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) conference in Las Vegas, Nevada, on June 19, 2015"]},{"text":"How has Bernie been personally impacted by immigration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Polish immigrant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FynNrU76dto","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie supported for immigration reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports DACAalso supports DAPA has calledcurrently held up by the courts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/azdc\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration-reform\/28997883\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals","start":10,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":14,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Parents_of_Americans","start":28,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/bernie-sanders-daca-donald-rump-dreamers-ugliest-cruel-decision-us-president-history-immigrants-a7931966.html","start":33,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals#Legal_challenges_to_recission","start":43,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dream Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"restructuring ICEvoted against creating the agency","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/immigration-reform\/","start":17,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenshipcontinues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":39,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Uniting Families Act of 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/296","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Posthumous Citizenship Restoration Act of 2001 Secret Evidence Repeal Act of 2001advance notice of any evidence","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2623","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/1266","start":47,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=clevstlrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fq%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1297%2526context%253Dclevstlrev%26sa%3DD%26sntz%3D1%26usg%3DAFQjCNFcv-G0VztNjSvzbpBa8Sd4BpLKYQ#search=%22http%3A%2F%2Fengagedscholarship.csuohio.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1297%26context%3Dclevstlrev%22","start":82,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/108th-congress\/house-bill\/3987","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Court Improvement Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/116\/s663\/text","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Path to Citizenship","type":"h2"},{"text":"supportedprovided a path to citizenship","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/immigrationimpact.com\/2015\/05\/01\/bernie-sanders-immigration-policy-track-record\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/2013\/06\/11\/immigration-reform","start":9,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continues to emphasizePutting it more starkly","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/808020527856001024","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/395407-sanders-calls-for-tear-down-of-immigration-system-stops-short-of-call-to","start":22,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"July 2015 speech","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MxX0jKrOYBU","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"considers it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do people want to be citizens of the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"after becoming a citizen","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/csii.usc.edu\/documents\/citizen_gain_web.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act conditional resident status certain other requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DREAM_Act","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/dream-act-daca-and-other-policies-designed-protect-dreamers","start":65,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":92,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In this video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5GlqMKb4iE","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What are U.S. visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"U.S. visas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/us-visas.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What concerns does Bernie have about the use of visas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"H-1B guest worker programpointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/top-10-h1b-guestworker-offshore-outsourcing\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/2916827\/bernie-sanders-h-1b-skeptic.html","start":25,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/05\/25\/this-is-a-massive-effort-to-attract-cheap-labor-why-sen-bernie-sanders-is-skeptical-of-guest-workers\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"exploitation“close to slavery.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/bernie-sanders-is-correct-on-immigration\/","start":12,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported visa reform?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 changes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00168","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744:","start":5,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":86,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"further proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/research\/guide-s744-understanding-2013-senate-immigration-bill","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredwhich would have","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/600","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/a-balancing-act-for-h-1b-visas\/","start":11,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Border Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"building a fencevoted says“continues to lie”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/2018\/12\/23\/bernie_sanders_border_wall_is_a_waste_of_money_and_i_wont_support_it.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-446.htm","start":17,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2018_CBS_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":23,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2019\/1\/9\/trump_lies_all_of_the_time","start":27,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has supported does not","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/campaign\/437790-bernie-sanders-blasts-open-borders-theres-a-lot-of-poverty-in-this-world","start":13,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is border security and why is it important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/topic\/border-security","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But shouldn’t we be doing more to secure our border?","type":"h3"},{"text":"is a mythPEW Research Centerrecent increase","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/doliaestevez\/2015\/09\/03\/debunking-donald-trumps-five-extreme-statements-about-immigrants-and-mexico\/","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/2018\/11\/27\/u-s-unauthorized-immigrant-total-dips-to-lowest-level-in-a-decade\/","start":9,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/trump-administration-overwhelmed-record-border-crossings-asylum-requests-193500455.html","start":28,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on border security legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/4437?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+4437%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6061?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6061%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/6095?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22HR+6095%22%5D%7D","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted forwould have provided","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/113-2013\/s168","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013","start":9,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"U.S. and Canada Border Pactworking to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/new-border-deal-canada-customs-agents-could-work-in-u-s-vice-versa-1.2996454","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-us-and-canada-border-pact","start":27,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Exploitation","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the story of exploitation of undocumented immigrants?","type":"h3"},{"text":"hire unskilled workers from Central America and South America at lower wages. These employers often benefit by both exploiting immigrant workers and using these low wage workers to further undermine and","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/roomfordebate\/2015\/09\/03\/is-immigration-really-a-problem-in-the-us\/employers-exploit-unauthorized-immigrants-to-keep-wages-low","start":0,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"poor working conditions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opportunityagenda.org\/explore\/resources-publications\/immigration-policy-solutions-upholding-workers-rights","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to prevent Immigrant Exploitation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protect Our Workers from Exploitation and Retaliation Act (POWER Act)","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/workersrights\/poweract\/","start":0,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Immigration Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1348\/text","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"workers’ rights","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Military & Veterans","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-military-and-veterans\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/military-659893_1920-350x280.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/military-659893_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Military & Veterans","type":"h1"},{"text":"military is too large","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"diplomatic alternativesoverseas military basesmeddling in the affairs of other sovereign nationsunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/qz.com\/422442\/what-would-a-president-bernie-sanderss-foreign-policy-look-like\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/06\/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321","start":23,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997\/","start":46,"end":96},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":96,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Militaryunwinnable wars","links":[{"href":"#the-role-of-the-united-states-military","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":24,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","links":[{"href":"#supporting-military-members-and-families","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","links":[{"href":"#supporting-veterans","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released Honoring Our Commitment to Veterans, his detailed plan to guarantee veterans the benefits and services they were promised, fully fund the VA, compensate veterans for injuries and illnesses connected to their military service, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/honoring-veterans\/","start":20,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Role of the Military","type":"h2"},{"text":"believes in Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":11,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about current levels of defense spending?","type":"h3"},{"text":"too much moneyDefense budgetwastelack of accountability fraud and mismanagementoverrunsmoving companies overseasfailed its first ever audit26 senators","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-features\/pentagon-budget-mystery-807276\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/vetsforbernie.org\/2019\/04\/bernie-sanders-only-candidate-to-vote-against-all-3-trump-military-budgets\/","start":14,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-calls-for-review-of-pentagon-waste-outrageous-pay-for-contractor-ceos","start":28,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-opposes-bloated-pentagon-budget","start":33,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/fraudulent-defense-contractors-paid-1-trillion","start":55,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2018\/03\/15\/sen-bernie-sanders-takes-aim-at-defense-firm-excess\/","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-statement-on-carrier-and-outsourcing","start":87,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-pentagon-audit-idUSKCN1NK2MC","start":112,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/congress\/2019\/02\/01\/senators-warn-to-keep-the-audit-going-after-pentagon-fails-to-meet-briefing-deadline\/","start":139,"end":150}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2.4 million746,000 civilian Department of Defense personnel560,000 military contractors next seven largest","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":11,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/700\/691305.pdf","start":59,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pgpf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/0053_defense_comparison-full.gif","type":"img","width":640,"height":480},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/pgpf.org\/Chart-Archive\/0053_defense-comparison","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"defense relatedU.S. budget in 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/tom-dispatch-america-defense-budget-bigger-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-federal-budget-breakdown-3305789","start":15,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Base Defense Budget: $554.1 Billion","War Budget: $173.8 Billion","Nuclear Budget: $24.8 Billion ","Defense Related to Other Agencies: $9 Billion","Veterans Affairs: $216 Billion","Foreign Military Aid (2017): $16.9 Billion","Intelligence Agency Budget: $81.1 Billion","Interest on debt from Iraq and Afghanistan wars: ? of $479 Billion"]},{"text":"strong defense systemthe cost of endless warsdistract us from","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-applies-eisenhower-standard-bloated-pentagon-budget\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/files\/cow\/imce\/papers\/2018\/Cappella%20Zielinski_June%202018_War%20Financing%20and%20Inequality.pdf","start":22,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/video\/flashback-rep-bernie-sanders-opposes-iraq-war","start":46,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"firmly rejectsvoted against all three of President Trump’s military budgets.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-defense-authorization-bill","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/22\/defense","start":15,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"costs of engaging in military conflicts ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/watson.brown.edu\/costsofwar\/","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":39,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie wrote in an op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/the-cost-of-war","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/5\/2\/18525580\/bernie-sanders-plan-cut-military-spending","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support the F-35?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Vermont National Guard to base the first F-35 operationsconcluded that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-air-national-guard-to-be-first-f-35-joint-strike-fighter-base","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":56,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"highly critical been calledweapons systemcost $1.5 trillionalmost four timesinitial estimate numerous delays malfunctionsF-35 exploded on a runway Bernie called nearly $32 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/102312","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/16\/politics\/f-35-jsf-operational-costs\/","start":15,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.f35.com\/about","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/interactive.aviationtoday.com\/avionicsmagazine\/august-september-2018\/f-35-is-the-trillion-dollar-fighter-finally-worth-it\/","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-15-429T","start":59,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/670\/669605.pdf","start":76,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/story\/military\/2015\/04\/15\/problems-facing-f35-maintainers-automated-system\/25781075\/","start":92,"end":107},{"href":"http:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2014\/07\/04\/f35-fleet-grounded.html","start":108,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com\/we-finally-know-why-an-f-35-burned-on-the-runway-1630541564","start":121,"end":146},{"href":"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/24583-bernie-sanders-doubles-down-on-f-35-support-days-after-runway-explosion","start":146,"end":159},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/orgs\/totals.php?id=D000000104&cycle=2018","start":160,"end":178}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support or oppose drone strikes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expressed grave concernHerevoted againstconcerns about how he would oversee the CIA’s drone program","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/near-death-experience-vermont-end-of-life-bill-lives-another-day\/Content?oid=2242879","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a0S28Kqa8jU","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/represent\/votes\/113\/senate\/1\/32","start":28,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-congress-brennan\/senate-confirms-john-brennan-as-new-cia-director-idUSBRE92617F20130308","start":41,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/the-week-in-review-030813","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s view on Space Force, the newest branch of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"directed the Pentagon to begin planning for Space Forcenew military serviceU.S. Space Commandno funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/space\/2018\/06\/18\/trump-orders-creation-of-independent-space-force\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":56,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/6485550c424444a99f399bbe501aaf88","start":76,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/07\/trump-space-force-congress\/565967\/","start":94,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Space Forcestated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1027649166359580672?lang=en","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Military Members and Families","type":"h2"},{"text":"2.4 million members of the military3 million family members","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/download.militaryonesource.mil\/12038\/MOS\/Reports\/2017-demographics-report.pdf","start":35,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done for members of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"100 percent tuition-free millions to enter the middle class","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/GIBILL\/resources\/benefits_resources\/rates\/ch33\/ch33rates080115.asp","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":25,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-new-gi-bill","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie done anything for military families?","type":"h3"},{"text":"immense demandsstrains on military family memberscause hardships for childrendeploymentsfinancial stress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.secome.org\/MFLS-ComprehensiveReport17-FINAL.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/childmind.org\/topics\/concerns\/military-families\/","start":15,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/info.1in5minds.org\/blog\/four-common-challenges-that-military-kids-face-and-what-parents-can-do-to-help","start":49,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/deployment\/effects-deployment-families.html","start":77,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.clarionledger.com\/story\/money\/personal-finance\/consumerwatch\/2017\/05\/05\/military-families-face-financial-stresses\/101291312\/","start":88,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration ActNational Military Family Association includes provisions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":86},{"href":"http:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/NMFA1950.pdf","start":86,"end":122},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/s-1982-summary?inline=file","start":122,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"transferred to a service member’s spouse or dependent secure funding for childcare support for military families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-9\/11_Veterans_Educational_Assistance_Act_of_2008#Proposed_2014_changes","start":0,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/support-for-military-families","start":54,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Veterans","type":"h2"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to help veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a long history","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/veterans","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Meet Our Commitment to Our Veterans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/meet-our-commitment-to-our-veterans\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fully fund and expand the VA so that every veteran gets the care that they have earned and deserve.","Get veterans compensated faster by improving how compensation claims are processed.","Expand the VA’s Caregivers Program.","Expand mental health services for veterans.","Make comprehensive dental care available to all veterans at the VA."]},{"text":"“Choice Act,”","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":1,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4538387\/sen-bernie-sanders-veterans-affairs-health-systems","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What was Bernie able to accomplish as Chair of the Senate Veterans’ Affairs Committee?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a memberSenate Veterans’ Affairs Committee first Independent to be chair of the Committee","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/about\/committees","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.veterans.senate.gov\/","start":8,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs","start":42,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"VA scandalwhistleblowers At least 23died while waiting for careaverage of 115 daysemployees cheated the system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/9\/26\/18080592\/va-scandal-explained","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/06\/21\/601127245\/for-va-whistleblowers-a-culture-of-fear-and-retaliation","start":10,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces","start":24,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/06\/24\/us\/senator-va-report\/index.html","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":36,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":63,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/oig\/pubs\/VAOIG-14-02603-178.pdf","start":82,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"effective deal-makerfight for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/how-bernie-sanders-fought-for-our-veterans-119708","start":20,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worked with Sen. John McCain Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act“Choice Actbipartisan support","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/plaws\/publ146\/PLAW-113publ146.pdf","start":28,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":76,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/veterans-care-bill_n_5454599","start":87,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access private care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/VCP\/index.asp","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widely recognized and applauded as the deal-maker that made this bill possible","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/papers\/2015\/07\/profiles-negotiation-veterans-lawrence","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie been doing for our vets?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"tremendous support from military and veterans’ service organizationsChoice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/veterans\/#support","start":0,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/opa\/choiceact\/documents\/choice-act-summary.pdf","start":69,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That sounds like a lot. Has Bernie done anything else for veterans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013nearly 50 percent38,000 homeless veterans. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/825","start":10,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/dod.defense.gov\/News\/Article\/Article\/881729\/veteran-homelessness-drops-nearly-50-percent-since-2010\/","start":50,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2018-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":67,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredPost-9\/11 GI Billmassive piece of legislationstatementFind out if you qualify","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sanders-announces-new-veterans-benefits","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hr2131\/BILLS-109hr2131ih.pdf","start":11,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/education\/gi-bill\/new-post-911-gi-bill-overview.html","start":28,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/gi-bill-education-benefits-expanded","start":56,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/education\/about-gi-bill-benefits\/post-9-11\/","start":65,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against the Mission Actfirst step to privatizingVeterans Community Care Program (VCCP)VA MISSION Act of 2018private-sector doctors and hospitalsinstead of to the VAJune 6veterans support groupsconcerned","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/115-2018\/s106","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/newswire\/2018\/05\/23\/sanders-vote-no-va-mission-act","start":29,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.va.gov\/COMMUNITYCARE\/programs\/veterans\/General_Care.asp","start":54,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2372\/text","start":92,"end":114},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/389072-senate-sends-major-va-reform-bill-to-trumps-desk%3famp","start":114,"end":150},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/trumps-under-radar-push-dismantle-veterans-health-care","start":150,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/federalnewsnetwork.com\/veterans-affairs\/2019\/04\/rollout-may-not-be-perfect-but-va-insists-its-ready-for-the-mission-act\/","start":170,"end":176},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vfw.org\/media-and-events\/latest-releases\/archives\/2019\/3\/vfw-concerned-with-va-mission-act-implementation","start":176,"end":199},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/putting-veterans-risk","start":199,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pledge to End the Forever War","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/03\/04\/common-defense-congress-forever-wars-pledge\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do veterans think of Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The Comprehensive Veterans Health and Benefits and Military Retirement Pay Restoration Act of 2014the legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1982","start":0,"end":98},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/0203vet1pager?inline=file","start":98,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As Bernie said of the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RCEJVcpK0Yw","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military and Veteran Groups that supported Bernie’s work for veterans in the 113th Congress:","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Air Force Sergeants Association","American Ex-Prisoners of War","American Military Retirees Association","Commissioned Officers Association of the U.S. Public Health Service (COA)","Disabled American Veterans","Enlisted Association of the National Guard","Fleet Reserve Association","Gold Star Wives of America","Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America","Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America","Marine Corps Reserve Association","Military Officers Association of America","Military Order of the Purple Heart","National Association of State Veterans Homes","National Guard Association of the United States","National Association for Uniformed Service","National Coalition for Homeless Veterans","Non-Commissioned Officers Association of the United States","National Military Family Association","Paralyzed Veterans of America","The American Legion","The Retired Enlisted Association","Warrant Officers Association","Chief Petty Officers Association","Vets First","Veterans of Foreign Wars","Vietnam Veterans of America"]},{"text":"2014 Col. Arthur T. Marix Congressional Leadership Award Congressional Award from the Veterans of Foreign Wars","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reformer.com\/stories\/sanders-receives-award-for-defending-veterans,351914","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/vfw-congressional-award","start":57,"end":110}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Personal Freedoms","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-personal-freedoms\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMMIGRATION-3-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMMIGRATION-3.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Drug Policy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-drug-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/cannabis-448661_1920-350x219.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/cannabis-448661_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Drug Policy","type":"h1"},{"text":"a costly, destructive, and ineffectivethe rising rates of heroin use","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/7\/8905905\/sanders-drugs-gay-rights","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/heroin\/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states","start":39,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"War on Drugs","links":[{"href":"#current-state-of-the-war-on-drugs","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Treatment for Drug Offenders","links":[{"href":"#treatment-for-drug-offenders","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legalize Marijuana","links":[{"href":"#legalize-marijuana","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Addressing the Heroin and Opioid Epidemics","links":[{"href":"#addressing-the-heroin-epidemic","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here's a link to Bernie's plan to legalize marijuana and his comprehensive plan, Justice and Safety for All,  to reform the criminal justice system.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/legalizing-marijuana\/","start":33,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/criminal-justice-reform\/","start":81,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"War on Drugs","type":"h2"},{"text":"War on Drugs has failedmajority of Americans are ready to end the War on Drugs ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/global-war-drugs-has-been-spectacular-failure-1181831","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/press-release\/2014\/04\/new-pew-poll-confirms-americans-ready-end-war-drugs","start":23,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mass incarceration of all federal inmates only 3.2 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vera.org\/publications\/for-the-record-prison-paradox-incarceration-not-safer","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bop.gov\/about\/statistics\/statistics_inmate_offenses.jsp","start":18,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bop.gov\/about\/statistics\/statistics_inmate_offenses.jsp","start":41,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/slowrevealgraphs.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/05\/screen-shot-2019-05-02-at-2.09.46-pm.png","type":"img","width":661,"height":433},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/slowrevealgraphs.com\/2019\/05\/06\/first-slowrevealgraph-special-collection-incarceration-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much has the war on drugs cost us?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at least $100 billion annually$1 trillion dollars since 1980 on drug law enforcement aloneless effective than health-based approaches","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/how-much-your-money-wasted-war-drugs","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.countthecosts.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Economics-briefing.pdf","start":31,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/how-drug-courts-are-falling-short","start":91,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/www.drugwarfacts.org\/sites\/default\/files\/fy2018_budget_request.png","type":"img","width":1329,"height":726},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drugwarfacts.org\/chapter\/economics","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has the war on drugs increased the prison population?","type":"h3"},{"text":"500 percent increase In 1980Compare that to now The Economist","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/wasted-tax-dollars","start":21,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/13237193","start":29,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/13237193","start":48,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/drug-offenses-prison-jail-alt.png","type":"img","width":1817,"height":1577},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minorities are disproportionately represented in the prison system, and this is a direct result of the War on Drugs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"population is black one-in-three chance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/criminal-justice-facts\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/3Q8hZ-Luj5kUWG37Rj3Fn4PtgYI=\/486x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GNUS4DOXCY3TVFCGDOFAJEWNCA.jpg","type":"img","width":486,"height":446},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"links the War on Drugs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6d9poJU6Kiw?t=22m40s","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to address this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007 Smarter Sentencing Act of 2014","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_08-S1060.htm","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1410","start":50,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Treatment for Drug Offenders","type":"h2"},{"text":"save on the cost of imprisonment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/addiction.surgeongeneral.gov\/vision-future\/time-for-a-change","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the alternative to imprisoning drug offenders?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Justice Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.justicepolicy.org\/images\/upload\/10-06_FAC_ForImmediateRelease_PS-AC.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yes an appropriations bill study","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/cgi-bin\/vote.asp?year=2000&rollnumber=317","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/4690\/text","start":10,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/238012.pdf","start":33,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"not as effective as hoped.There aren’t enough treatment options","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/phr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/phr_drugcourts_report_singlepages.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/phr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/phr_drugcourts_report_singlepages.pdf","start":26,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why don’t people who need drug treatment have access to it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has risen over 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/247659-sanders-pushes-for-lower-price-for-heroin-overdose-drug","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"According to","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2015\/05\/24\/addiction-treatment-shortage\/27181773\/?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzRss&utm_campaign=usatoday-newstopstories","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118953979612942340","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else is Bernie doing to reform our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"1991 1994","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aZJ7f-3XGB4","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LTn3jUoMdVI","start":5,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice Reform","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Legalize Marijuana","type":"h2"},{"text":"recognizes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119334103961063425","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Marijuana Justice Act of 2019NORML endorsed Bernie for President,has given him  an “A+” gradelegislative track record.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/597\/all-info","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/norml.org\/action-center\/item\/commit-to-vote-for-bernie-sanders","start":29,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/vote.norml.org\/politicians\/450","start":65,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/where-presidential-candidate-bernie-sanders-stands-on-marijuana\/","start":93,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"end the prohibition of cannabis2019 Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1552\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Marijuana+Freedom+and+Opportunity+Act%22%5D%7D&r=2&s=1","start":31,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie really want to erase marijuana convictions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Yes, he does. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/posts\/10157843518667908?comment_id=10157846091487908&reply_comment_id=10157846341962908&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"1 million Californians","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theroot.com\/if-democratic-lawmakers-get-their-way-1-million-convic-1835442694","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"expungement of marijuana convictionsexpanding drug treatment clinics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1101171170005708802?lang=en","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-statement-on-opioid-legislation","start":36,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Bernie support ‘Ban the Box’ too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"ban the box’believes this will","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/121775\/ban-box-people-criminal-records-it-works","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/241627-dems-press-obama-to-ban-the-box","start":12,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This one change could help the more that 14 million ex-convicts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/121775\/ban-box-people-criminal-records-it-works","start":0,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported medical marijuana?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Schedule I substance","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dea.gov\/druginfo\/ds.shtml","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"disagrees with this classification believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/where-presidential-candidate-bernie-sanders-stands-on-marijuana\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=29m41s","start":34,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XpgJYNaIeqo?t=29m41s","start":35,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported States’ Rights to Medical Marijuana Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/cregphe","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2592","start":10,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why can’t businesses use banks in states that have legalized?","type":"h3"},{"text":"hesitant to work with marijuana-related businesses remains the case today","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/08\/11\/3690124\/colorado-pot-banking-freeze-out-fourth-corner\/","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/21\/marijuana-banking_n_4791193.html","start":51,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie tried to do anything about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/hr2076","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/2016-election\/bernie-sanders-calls-end-federal-prohibition-marijuana-n453406","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie ever inhaled?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has inhaled","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/06\/02\/when-it-comes-to-marijuana-bernie-sanders-is-kind-of-a-disappointing-ex-socialist-hippie\/","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Heroin and Opioid Crisis","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the heroin epidemic?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Time Magazine reported overdoses increased by 286%","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/3946904\/heroin-epidemic\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.poison.org\/articles\/opioid-epidemic-history-and-prescribing-patterns-182","start":22,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the opioid crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"public health emergency5-Point Strategy To Combat the Opioid Crisis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/news\/2017\/10\/26\/hhs-acting-secretary-declares-public-health-emergency-address-national-opioid-crisis.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/leadership\/secretary\/speeches\/2017-speeches\/secretary-price-announces-hhs-strategy-for-fighting-opioid-crisis\/index.html","start":23,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve been hearing about fentanyl in the news. It that part of this crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 2016 with over 20,000 deaths from fentanyl","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poison.org\/articles\/opioid-epidemic-history-and-prescribing-patterns-182","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/images\/epidemic\/3WavesOfTheRiseInOpioidOverdoseDeaths.png","type":"img","width":886,"height":625},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fentanyl is more potent,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/03\/30\/707742138\/why-the-latest-fentanyl-surge-is-hitting-some-communities-harder-than-others","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How serious is the opioid crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The numbers are alarming","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/opioids-by-the-numbers-01-17-19.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":495},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/about-the-epidemic\/index.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where is this happening in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/2oqz471sa19h3vbwa53m33yj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/opioid-epidemic.png","type":"img","width":1070,"height":1142},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/americas-opioid-epidemic\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing about this crisis?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes lacks the infrastructure necessary","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/13328\/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-2016\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/02\/07\/bernie-sanders-philip-seymour-hoffman_n_4746600.html","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"McDowell County, West Virginia highest rates of drug overdose deaths in West Virginia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0yfkUWXBkyY","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dhhr.wv.gov\/bhhf\/Sections\/programs\/ProgramsPartnerships\/AlcoholismandDrugAbuse\/Research\/Documents\/County%20Profiles\/McDowell%20County%202014.pdf","start":30,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"gut wrenching desperation and hopelessness that is crushing the people there","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/life-in-mcdowell-county","start":0,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Opioid Crisis Accountability Act, establish criminal penaltiesSUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2691\/text?format=txt","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-legislation-to-hold-opioid-makers-accountable-","start":34,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/115-2018\/s221","start":62,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers and Primary Care Workforce Expansion Act of 2019INTERDICT Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/sanders-announces-bill-to-expand-community-health-center-funding","start":0,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/house-bill\/2142\/text","start":73,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) of 2016","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/524\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Comprehensive Addiction Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1365\/cosponsorshttps:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/1365\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are some things that might help?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All and Expanding Medicaid","type":"h4"},{"text":"20 percent of adults in the U.S. suffer from chronic painback paintreat injuries and pain","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/topics\/opioids-chronic-pain\/protocol","start":0,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2019\/03\/27\/opioid-crisis-insurers-employers-back-pain\/","start":57,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nsc.org\/safety-first-blog\/sports-injuries-behind-many-opioid-addictions-1","start":66,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare must be expanded to meet the needs of this crisis","type":"h4"},{"text":"not enough treatment facilities in the affected areas","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/blogs\/stateline\/2016\/09\/26\/still-not-enough-treatment-in-the-heart-of-the-opioid-crisis","start":0,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers should be given sick days","type":"h4"},{"text":"return to work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2709720","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"We need Needle Exchange and Harm Reduction programs","type":"h4"},{"text":"injection drug useSafe disposal of used syringesSome overdoses can be prevented","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/idu.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/ssps.html","start":18,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2019\/02\/12\/693653562\/church-of-safe-injection-offers-needles-naloxone-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses","start":48,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Safe injection sitesneedle exchange sites","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/07\/645609248\/whats-the-evidence-that-supervised-drug-injection-sites-save-lives","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/ssps.html","start":20,"end":41}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Gun Policy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-gun-policy\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/animal-17760_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/animal-17760_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Gun Policy","type":"h1"},{"text":"interviewGun Control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-gun-control\/index.html","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"#gun-control","start":10,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Manufacturer Liability","links":[{"href":"#manufacturer-liability","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Improve Mental Health: Gun control is not the only solution to curbing the epidemic of gun violence. There must be other efforts to assist those with mental health issues in order to prevent suicides by firearms or mass shootings at public places.","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take On The NRA: The National Rifle Association (NRA) is a powerful lobbying group with too much influence over gun legislation. Bernie wants to take on the NRA and limit their political influence so we can pass meaningful gun reforms.","links":[{"href":"#take-on-nra","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gun Control","type":"h2"},{"text":"background checks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-rejects-assault-weapons-ban-background-checks","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What examples are there to show this divide between rural and urban communities?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gun-friendly state lowest rate of gun-related crime","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/nrd\/articles\/357090\/armed-and-progressive","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/381136\/vermont-safe-and-happy-and-armed-teeth-charles-c-w-cooke","start":19,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie believe gun legislation in the United States should be handled?","type":"h3"},{"text":"middle-ground legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsmax.com\/us\/us-dem-2016-sanders-louisiana\/2015\/07\/26\/id\/658976\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"To what extent does Bernie believe that gun regulation should be a federal issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"nationwide ban nationwide ban expanded background checks","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Gun_Control.htm","start":15,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":30,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes assault weapons, as well as magazines holding more than ten bullets, should be banned nationwide. Why?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What about bump stocks?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Route 91 Harvest Music Festival shooter used a bump stock","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/09\/26\/650454299\/the-politics-of-bump-stocks-one-year-after-las-vegas-shooting","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“provide an effective workaround to convert a legal weapon into an illegal one.”banned on March 29, 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/915699332824928257?lang=en","start":0,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2019\/03\/26\/bump-stock-ban-where-to-turn-in-knox-atf\/3274917002\/","start":80,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the gun show loophole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gun show loophole only ten states Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180225141803\/http:\/\/nashvillecitypaper.com\/content\/city-news\/gun-shows-internet-keep-weapons-flowing-around-background-checks","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.governing.com\/gov-data\/safety-justice\/gun-show-firearms-bankground-checks-state-laws-map.html","start":18,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act","start":34,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie propose to do about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expanded background checks national instant background check system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-for-background-checks-assault-weapons-ban","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/16582\/public-safety-and-second-amendment-rights-protection-act#.VbfWO1UViko","start":27,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie believe we should address mass shootings and other gun-related violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent interview that 23 percent of the perpetrators of mass shootings","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/itsallpolitics\/2015\/06\/24\/417180805\/bernie-sanders-walks-a-fine-line-on-gun-control","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.psmag.com\/health-and-behavior\/actually-know-connections-mental-illness-mass-shootings-gun-violence-83103","start":17,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#mental-health","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/#violent-crime","start":5,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That may sound all good, but won’t universal background checks, closing of gun show loopholes, crackdowns on straw purchases, and a nationwide federal ban on assault weapons limit the rights of the Second Amendment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Manufacturer Liability","type":"h2"},{"text":"What legislation has Bernie voted in favor of to support this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/109\/s397","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie support this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-gun-control\/index.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"everyone has a right to adequate mental healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-mental-health-should-be-treated-as-part-of-health-care_n_5b2a5b6fe4b0e7cbe4ce386d","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does mental health relate to gun violence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"very small amount of gun violencedisproportionately high role in suicides","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/positions\/violence","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/positions\/violence","start":33,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one way to reduce the number of gun-related suicides","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policies-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-statements\/policy-database\/2019\/01\/28\/reducing-suicides-by-firearms","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to improve mental healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$11 billion to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does Medicare For All include mental healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"includes mental health services","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2017-executive-summary?id=943E7DB5-FCCA-4EA4-B215-A92F6642BA2C&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s healthcare plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take On The NRA","type":"h2"},{"text":"one of the most powerful lobbying groups","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.timewarner.com\/newsroom\/press-releases\/1999\/11\/15\/fortune-releases-annual-survey-of-most-powerful-lobbying","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need to take on the NRA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"eliminate the overall influence big money has in politics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"opposes an assault weapons banopposed the ban on bump stocksopposes an expansion of background checks","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/nra-backed-suit-deerfield-illinois-assault-weapons-ban-parkland-1373100","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/regulation\/355183-nra-comes-out-against-legislation-banning-bump-stocks","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/get-the-facts\/background-checks-nics\/","start":60,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the NRA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"take on the NRA and its corrupting effect on Washington.often criticizes the NRAlobbying efforts to oppose gun reform","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/gun-safety\/","start":0,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1098323885940973569?lang=en","start":56,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/388517-bernie-sanders-nra-to-blame-for-lack-of-action-on-gun-control","start":80,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does the NRA think of Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"receives poor grades from the NRA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/jan\/20\/bernie-sanders\/bernie-sanders-nra-report-card-d-minus-most-recent\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["1992: D","1994: F","1996: F","1998: F","2000: F","2002: F","2004: D+","2006: C-","2012: D-"]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Privacy","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/PRIVACY-DIGITAL-RIGHTS-1-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/PRIVACY-DIGITAL-RIGHTS-1.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Privacy & Digital Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"voted against opposes warrant-less wiretapping","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll398.xml","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","start":13,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Surveillance","links":[{"href":"#mass-surveillance","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mass Surveillance","type":"h2"},{"text":"National Security Agency surveillance of U.S. citizenswhistleblowersEdward Snowden","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nsa.gov\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying","start":25,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/jun\/09\/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance","start":55,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/snowdenarchive.cjfe.org\/greenstone\/cgi-bin\/library.cgi?e=q-00100-00---off-0snowden1--00-2----0-10-0---0---0direct-10----4-------0-1l--10-en-50---50-about---01-3-1-00-00--4--0--0-0-01-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=p&p=about","start":69,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FBICIADHSDEA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/02\/politics\/fbi-airplane-surveillance\/","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2015\/03\/10\/apple-products-may-have-been-compromised-by-cia-mass-surveillance-program\/?ncid=rss","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/02\/mass-surveillance-of-all-car-trips-is-nearly-upon-us\/283922\/","start":6,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2015\/04\/why-we-sued-dea-mass-surveillance-still-illegal","start":9,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"17 U.S. intelligence agencies$81.1 billion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dni.gov\/index.php\/what-we-do\/members-of-the-ic","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/intel\/R44381.pdf","start":29,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) ","Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)","Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)","National Security Agency (NSA) ","National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)","National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)","Army - Military Intelligence Corps","Navy - Office of Naval Intelligence","Marine Corps Intelligence","Air Force - Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA)","U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence","Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence","Department of Homeland Security’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis","Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - Department of Justice","Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Office of National Security Intelligence","The Department of State’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research","Department of the Treasury’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis."]},{"text":"ACLU has reportedsurveilled peaceful advocacy groupsColoradomany groups in New Yorkothers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/more-about-joint-terrorism-task-forces","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/more-about-joint-terrorism-task-forces","start":17,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/press-releases\/new-documents-show-fbi-joint-terrorism-task-force-targeting-peaceful-protest-activity","start":52,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nyclu.org\/en\/nyclu-seeks-fbi-files-ny-political-groups-and-activists","start":60,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2010\/10\/02\/130274688\/fbi-targets-peace-activists-for-alleged-terrorism-support","start":83,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the NSA doing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"major fiber optic backbones.pending lawsuit NSA violates the Fourth Amendmentlawsuit,some success section 702 of the FISA Amendments ActStellar Wind","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/nsa-has-taken-over-internet-backbone-were-suing-get-it-back","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/cases\/jewel","start":29,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/press\/releases\/eff-asks-judge-rule-nsa-internet-backbone-spying-techniques-unconstitutional","start":45,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2017\/05\/judge-orders-government-provide-evidence-about-internet-backbone-upstream","start":78,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2017\/05\/23\/jewel_cmc_order_may_2017.pdf","start":86,"end":98},{"href":"https:\/\/act.eff.org\/action\/pull-the-plug-on-internet-spying-programs","start":98,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/oig.justice.gov\/reports\/2015\/PSP-09-18-15-full.pdf","start":137,"end":149}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2014\/07\/24\/backbone-3c-color.jpg","type":"img","width":788,"height":1002},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/press\/releases\/eff-asks-judge-rule-nsa-internet-backbone-spying-techniques-unconstitutional","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this is clearly not true distribution of malware","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/03\/15\/393190252\/an-upstream-battle-as-wikimedia-challenges-nsa-surveillance","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2014\/03\/12\/nsa-plans-infect-millions-computers-malware\/","start":24,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this site detailed timeline","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/files\/2013\/11\/15\/20130629-wapo-prism.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying\/timeline","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/Prism-slide-6.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":525},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Professionalism\/Edward_Snowden_and_the_NSA","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is this legal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"USA PATRIOT Actlegislationfirst introducedJoe Biden in 1995The Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/epic.org\/privacy\/terrorism\/usapatriot\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/3162","start":16,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/patriot-act","start":27,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/andrewkaczynski\/surveillance-joe","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/senate-bill\/390\/text","start":60,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"intendedignored the restrictions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/node\/86973","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.lawfareblog.com\/nsa-and-usa-freedom-act","start":8,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Got it. So I get that it’s creepy and invasive, but how is mass surveillance a threat to democracy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"joint report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/node\/127364","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does mass surveillance undermine cybersecurity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"letter see here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyberlaw.stanford.edu\/files\/blogs\/technologists_info_sharing_bills_letter_w_exhibit.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-cybersecurity\/","start":6,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what’s Bernie’s position on the NSA’s warrantless wiretapping program and, more generally, mass surveillance?","type":"h3"},{"text":"opposes warrantless wiretapping","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online Q&Amass surveillanceFBI has 680 million photosfacial recognition system meant to monitor staff and students","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/117738\/bernie-sanders-rips-nsa-spying-and-pushes-for-end-to-mass-surveillance","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/apnews.com\/6f45d569c3084c5ca823ced145de8f82","start":27,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2019\/05\/30\/facial-recognition-us-schools-new-york\/","start":53,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/107-2001\/h398","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001","PATRIOT Act Reauthorization of 2005","FISA Amendments Act of 2007","Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Amendments of 2008","PATRIOT Act Extension of 2011","FISA Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012 ","USA Freedom Act of 2015","FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 "]},{"text":"Bernie said an amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-against-patriot-act-extension","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/109th-congress\/house-amendment\/280","start":11,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted againstaccording to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/110-2008\/s168","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/fix-fisa-end-warrantless-wiretapping","start":14,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restore Our Privacy Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Restore%20Our%20Privacy%20Act.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about the right to privacy on the internet?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calling for Facebook to the broken up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10157891322517908","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"access to the Internet to be a human right relies on itcompletely decentralizedours","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/hrcouncil\/docs\/17session\/A.HRC.17.27_en.pdf","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/03\/20\/internet-economy-infographic_n_1363592.html","start":42,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/computer.howstuffworks.com\/internet\/basics\/who-owns-internet.htm","start":55,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2014\/01\/so-who-owns-the-internet\/","start":79,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is net neutrality important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"put newer Internet companies at a disadvantage and threaten innovation fundamental free speech issue","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/technology\/technology\/2006\/05\/why_you_should_care_about_network_neutrality.html","start":0,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/technology\/211607-franken-net-neutrality-is-first-amendment-issue-of-our-time","start":70,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Electronic Frontier Foundation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this an issue? How is net neutrality in danger?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Protect IP Act (PIPA) Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)entertainment and publishing groups Electronic Frontier Foundation the Wikimedia Foundation numerous tech companies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/acta","start":21,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theglobalipcenter.com\/pages\/who-supports-coica","start":64,"end":99},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/take-action\/demand-free-and-open-internet","start":99,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act#Opposition","start":130,"end":154},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-switch\/wp\/2014\/05\/07\/google-netflix-lead-nearly-150-tech-companies-in-protest-of-fcc-net-neutrality-plan\/","start":155,"end":178}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are all these bills and agreements even about? And why is there so much opposition against them?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced in 2010 turn a website “off”most draconian laws","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s3804\/summary","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/11\/27\/technology\/27torrent.html?_r=2","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2010\/11\/coica-web-censorship-bill\/","start":40,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Protect IP Act (PIPA)remove or disable accessblocked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968\/text","start":22,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/senate-bill-amounts-to-death-penalty-for-web-sites\/","start":46,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)strong opposition more than 7,000 other websites internet blacklist","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3261","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/01\/websites-dark-in-revolt\/","start":30,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/01\/17\/wikipedia-blackout_n_1212096.html","start":47,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/coica-internet-censorship-and-copyright-bill","start":78,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) Critics said that ACTAPresident Obama continued to support","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/acta","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EZdObzl2lso","start":43,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/wwws.whitehouse.gov\/petitions#!\/response\/role-anti-counterfeiting-trade-agreement-acta","start":66,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about these bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statingtoo deeply flawed to continue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2012\/01\/22\/leahy-caught-in-the-web\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/sopa\/S000033.html","start":7,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie think we should protect net neutrality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strongly supportsfast lane","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/bits.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/02\/disruptions-paying-to-travel-in-the-internets-fast-lanes\/?_r=0","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":0,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to strengthen net neutrality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Online Competition and Consumer Choice Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/40","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Internet Freedom Preservation Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/215","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCConly nominate FCC commissioners who support net neutrality","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/layer8\/net-neutrality-bernie-sanders-2020\/","start":61,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Media Ownership & Telecommunications issue page[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-media-ownership-and-telecommunications\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre la privacidad y derechos digitales","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders opina que la creciente omnipresencia de la vigilancia masiva y los intentos de socavar la neutralidad del Internet son dañinos para la democracia en Estados Unidos. Él ha votado en contra de la Ley PATRIOT y está opuesto a las intervenciones telefónicas sin orden judicial. Con respecto a la neutralidad de la red, él ha co-patrocinado e introducido legislación a favor de libre Internet.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll398.xml","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":186,"end":220},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":223,"end":287}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#vigilancia-masiva","label":"Vigilancia masiva","description":"La vigilancia masiva debe ser limitada, produciéndose sólo cuando el gobierno siga el debido proceso, obtenga órdenes judiciales, y se adhiera a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitución."},{"href":"#neutralidad-de-la-red","label":"Neutralidad de la red","description":"El Internet debe ser libre y abierto, y los proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP) deben tratar todos los datos que viajan a través de sus redes por igual — sin dar prioridad a algunos clientes, sitios o unos servicios sobre otros."}]},{"text":"Vigilancia masiva","anchors":[{"name":"vigilancia-masiva","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Comencemos desde el principio: ¿Qué es la vigilancia masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La vigilancia masiva se refiere al monitoreo de las comunicaciones privadas u otra información personal de un gran grupo de personas — por lo general realizado por agencias gubernamentales. Bernie opina que la vigilancia masiva debe ser limitada, produciéndose sólo cuando el gobierno siga el debido proceso, consiga las órdenes judiciales necesarias, y se adhiera a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitución.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es esta Agencia de Seguridad Nacional de la que tanto se habla?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La Agencia Nacional de Seguridad (NSA, por sus siglas en inglés) es una agencia estadounidense de inteligencia que es especializa en el monitoreo de señales. Históricamente, se ha centrado en el espionaje internacional y en contra-espionaje, pero ha aumentado sus actividades domésticas en los últimos 15 años.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nsa.gov\/","start":3,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué están haciendo exactamente?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre, la NSA comenzó a realizar vigilancia ilegal a gran escala de los ciudadanos de Estados Unidos con el pretexto de proteger la seguridad nacional.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying","start":52,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo están haciendo eso?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La NSA puede examinar todo el tráfico de Internet que viaja a través de ciertas grandes redes troncales de fibra óptica. Aunque la NSA afirma que puede filtrar los datos que se originan y terminan dentro de Estados Unidos, esto es claramente falso. Dentro del monitoreo alto, todas tus comunicaciones pueden ser interceptadas por la NSA si los datos llegan a pasar por un servidor foráneo, aún si el receptor se encuentra en Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/nsa-has-taken-over-internet-backbone-were-suing-get-it-back","start":72,"end":119},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/03\/15\/393190252\/an-upstream-battle-as-wikimedia-challenges-nsa-surveillance","start":223,"end":247}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Eso es preocupante. ¿Qué más están haciendo?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La NSA también ha perseguido otros enfoques de vigilancia masiva, incluyendo la distribución masiva de aplicaciones computacionales nocivas, conocidas como malware.¿Deseas saber más? Echa un vistazo a esta detallada línea de tiempo del programa de espionaje nacional de la NSA.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2014\/03\/12\/nsa-plans-infect-millions-computers-malware\/","start":80,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/nsa-spying\/timeline","start":206,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué es esto legal?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La Ley PATRIOT fue la pieza legislativa fundamental que le permitió a la NSA — y otras agencias gubernamentales — conducir monitoreos masivos con poca o nula supervisión.","type":"p"},{"text":"Lo entiendo. Es una práctica patética e invasiva, ¿pero por qué la vigilancia masiva es una amenaza para la democracia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Según un informe conjunto entre Human Rights Watch y la Unión Americana de Libertades Civiles (ACLU, por sus siglas en inglés), \"la vigilancia a gran escala está obstaculizando seriamente el trabajo de periodistas y abogados con sede en Estados Unidos”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/node\/127364","start":9,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Este informe detalla el escalofriante impacto que esto ha tenido en la comunicación entre los periodistas y sus fuentes, los abogados y sus clientes, y los funcionarios del gobierno y el público. Cada una de estas vías de comunicación — presentación de informes, representación legal, y transparencia del gobierno — es fundamental para mantener una democracia funcional.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo es que la vigilancia masiva socava la ciberseguridad?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En una carta reciente a los miembros de la Cámara y el Senado, ingenieros y profesionales de la industria de la seguridad acordaron el enfoque gubernamental en la información personal de los estadounidenses solamente socava la ciberseguridad de nuestra nación. Para más información en las posiciones de Bernie sobre la ciberseguridad, visita esta página.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyberlaw.stanford.edu\/files\/blogs\/technologists_info_sharing_bills_letter_w_exhibit.pdf","start":7,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-cybersecurity\/","start":342,"end":353}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Hay otras organizaciones llevando a cabo vigilancia masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La vigilancia masiva no se limita a la NSA. ¿Has oído hablar del FBI, la CIA, el DHS, y la DEA? Y es posible que no sabremos por completo cuáles son todas las organizaciones que practican el monitoreo masivo — incluso dentro del gobierno estadounidense.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/02\/politics\/fbi-airplane-surveillance\/","start":65,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2015\/03\/10\/apple-products-may-have-been-compromised-by-cia-mass-surveillance-program\/?ncid=rss","start":73,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/02\/mass-surveillance-of-all-car-trips-is-nearly-upon-us\/283922\/","start":81,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2015\/04\/why-we-sued-dea-mass-surveillance-still-illegal","start":91,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De hecho, sólo conocemos algunas de estas actividades de la NSA gracias a los denunciantes como Edward Snowden. Es muy probable que más organizaciones estén utilizando la vigilancia masiva, pero el público simplemente no lo sabe aún.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/jun\/09\/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance","start":78,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿cuál es la posición de Bernie sobre el programa de intervenciones telefónicas sin orden judicial de la NSA y, en general, la vigilancia masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie se opone fuertemente a las intervenciones telefónicas sin orden judicial y a la excesivamente amplia vigilancia gubernamental. Él opina que ese tipo de prácticas socavan a la constitución y es una extralimitación gubernamental flagrante.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/civil-liberties","start":7,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ILyTI99TOlo","id":"ILyTI99TOlo"},{"text":"¿Qué acciones ha tomado Bernie para limitar la vigilancia masiva y refrenar a la NSA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie votó en contra de la Ley PATRIOT (la cual otorga al gobierno amplios poderes de vigilancia con poca supervisión) y su reautorización.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll398.xml","start":7,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-votes-against-patriot-act-extension","start":122,"end":139}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2005, como miembro de la Cámara de Representantes, Bernie introdujo una enmienda a una ley de asignaciones para evitar que los fondos fueran utilizados para obtener los registros de bibliotecas y de la compra de libros. La enmienda fue aprobada, pero fue retirada más tarde durante las negociaciones entre la Cámara y el Senado.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/109th-congress\/house-amendment\/280","start":71,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después, como senador, Bernie votó contra la Ley de Enmiendas a las Normas de Vigilancia de la Inteligencia Extranjera (FISA, por sus siglas en inglés) de 2008. De acuerdo a la ACLU, esta legislación “le dio la la Agencia de Seguridad Nacional un poder casi irrestricto para monitorear las llamadas y correos electrónicos internacionales de los estadounidenses”. Bernie después introdujo la Ley para Restaurar Nuestra Privacidad para limitar las peticiones de vigilancia demasiado extensa.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/110-2008\/s168","start":30,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/fix-fisa-end-warrantless-wiretapping","start":161,"end":181},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Restore%20Our%20Privacy%20Act.pdf","start":391,"end":428}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Existen otras propuestas de ley aparte de la Ley PATRIOT que abarquen este tema?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Originalmente introducida en 2011, la Ley para Compartir y Proteger la Inteligencia (CISPA, por sus siglas en inglés) ha sido reintroducida dos veces más durante los últimos cinco años. Esta ley permitiría que una “entidad auto-protegida”, como una empresa, compartiese “información de ciber-amenazas con cualquier otra entidad, incluyendo el gobierno federal”. Y aunque no le daría formalmente más privilegios a la NSA o al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, permite una repartición más abierta entre empresas y agencias gubernamentales “con limitados salvoconductos de supervisión y privacidad”. En la manera que está escrita representa una amenaza ambigua a la privacidad.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3523","start":14,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2012\/4\/27\/2976718\/cyber-intelligence-sharing-and-protection-act-cispa-hr-3523","start":540,"end":675}],"type":"p"},{"text":"David Segal, el director ejecutivo de Demand Progress, una asociación activista sin fines de lucro, describió a Bernie como “uno de los aliados más fuertes en el Senado” de esta organización contra CISPA en 2013.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/the-new-cispa-bill-is-literally-exactly-the-same-as-the-1679496808","start":125,"end":168}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después de que CISPA fue vencida en repetidas ocasiones debido a las quejas masivas por parte del público, un proyecto de ley casi idéntico fue introducido y rápidamente aprobado octubre de 2015. La Ley para Compartir Información de Ciberseguridad (CISA, por sus siglas en inglés) fue aprobada abrumadoramente sin dar tiempo a que la oposición pública pudiera desarrollarse. Bernie se opuso fuertemente al proyecto de ley, uniéndose a Ron Wyden, Elizabeth Warren y otros 18 senadores que votaron contra este proyecto.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2015\/11\/03\/lesson-of-cisa-success-or-how-to-fight-a-zombie\/","start":107,"end":139},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/754%22","start":199,"end":247},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/politics\/bernie-sanders-cisa-senate-2016-presidential-candidates\/","start":382,"end":421},{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?&congress=114&session=1&vote=00291","start":471,"end":516}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué declaraciones públicas ha hecho Bernie sobre la vigilancia masiva?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha publicado sus opiniones sobre la NSA en su cuenta de Twitter:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SenSanders\/status\/596307062642049024\/photo\/1","start":47,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Desde mi punto de vista, la NSA está fuera de control y está operando de forma anticonstitucional. Me preocupa profundamente el que nuestros jóvenes crezcan en una sociedad donde piensen ‘No voy a hablar sobre este tema, leer este libro, o explorar esta idea porque alguien podría pensar que soy un terrorista’. Ése no es el tipo de sociedad libre que yo quiero para nuestros niños.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"En una sesión de preguntas y respuestas, Bernie dijo:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/crefv8f?context=3","start":41,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pregunta: ¿Cree usted que la intervención telefónica de ciudadanos estadounidenses es necesaria para la seguridada de Estados Unidos y los estadounidenses? — usuario de reddit “GavinraraFonara”.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Respuesta (Bernie): Yo voté en contra de la Ley PATRIOT y voté en contra de la reautorización de la Ley PATRIOT. Obviamente, el terrorismo es una grave amenaza para este país y tenemos que hacer todo lo que podamos para prevenir los ataques aquí y en todo el mundo. Creo firmemente que podemos proteger a nuestro pueblo sin socavar nuestros derechos constitucionales y me preocupan muchísimo los enormes ataques a la privacidad que hemos visto en los últimos años — tanto por parte del gobierno como del sector privado. Me preocupa que nos estemos encaminando hacia una sociedad Orwelliana y esto es algo a lo que me opondré tan enérgicamente como me sea posible.","type":"quote"},{"text":"Neutralidad de la red","anchors":[{"name":"neutralidad-de-la-red","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Nuestro gobierno debe apoyar un Internet libre y abierto, no obstaculizarlo.","type":"h3"},{"text":"La neutralidad de la red se refiere al principio de que los proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP) deben tratar todos los datos que viajan a través de sus redes de comunicación en igualdad de condiciones. Eso significa que los ISP no deberían cobrar diferentes tarifas a diferentes clientes o proveedores de contenidos y no deben dar a ciertos datos una prioridad especial en sus redes, mientras que interfiere con la transmisión de otra información.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué es importante neutralidad de la red?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sus defensores argumentan que permitir tratos preferenciales al tráfico en las redes pondría en desventaja a las compañías de Internet más recientes y sería una amenaza a la innovación. En esencia, los defensores como Bernie argumentan que se trata de un problema de libertad de expresión fundamental que podría dar a las corporaciones aún más control sobre nuestro acceso a la información.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/technology\/technology\/2006\/05\/why_you_should_care_about_network_neutrality.html","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/technology\/211607-franken-net-neutrality-is-first-amendment-issue-of-our-time","start":255,"end":300}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Deseas saber más sobre el caso de la neutralidad de la red? Echa un vistazo a la Electronic Frontier Foundation.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/net-neutrality","start":82,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué es esto un problema? ¿Está la neutralidad del Internet en peligro?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante los últimos cinco años, el Congreso ha gestado varios proyectos de ley impulsados por la industria informática, enfocados en infracciones a derechos de autor y derechos de propiedad intelectual. Estos proyectos han sido respaldados por grupos de entretenimiento y publicitarios; sin embargo, se han encontrado con oposición de grupos como la Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), la Fundación Wikimedia, y numerosas compañías de tecnología.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theglobalipcenter.com\/pages\/who-supports-coica","start":244,"end":285},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/take-action\/demand-free-and-open-internet","start":350,"end":380},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act#Opposition","start":388,"end":410},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-switch\/wp\/2014\/05\/07\/google-netflix-lead-nearly-150-tech-companies-in-protest-of-fcc-net-neutrality-plan\/","start":414,"end":447}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿De qué se tratan todos estos proyectos y acuerdos? ¿Y por qué hay tanta oposición en contra de ellos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El proyecto de ley que inició todo esto fue el de la Ley para Combatir las Infracciones y Falsificaciones En Línea (COICA, por sus siglas en inglés), introducido en 2010. Fue el primer proyecto dedicado a permitirle al gobierno federal clausurar un sitio web si la infracción a los derechos de autor se podría considerar como “central a la actividad” de dicho sitio. Esencialmente le permitiría al Secretario de Justicia de EE.UU. una opción nuclear para “apagar” sitios web. La revista Wired la llamó “una de las propuestas de ley más draconianas de la historia en el combate a la piratería digital”. Aún cuando ese proyecto murió en el Congreso, fue reescrita en 2011 como la Propuesta para Prevenir las Amenazas Reales En Línea contra la Creatividad Económica y el Robo de Propiedad Intelectual (abreviada como PROTECT IP Act, o PIPA, por sus siglas en inglés).","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s3804\/summary","start":150,"end":169},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/11\/27\/technology\/27torrent.html?_r=2","start":455,"end":474}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La PIPA hubiera forzado a que los sitios de búsqueda, los proveedores de Sistemas de Nombramiento de Dominios (DNS), y empresas de publicidad por Internet “removieran o deshabilitaran el acceso” a sitios que el Departamento de Justicia considerara como distribuidores de material protegido por derechos de autor. CNET le llamó una “pena de muerte en Internet”, y la forma en la que la propuesta estaba escrita significaba que páginas como WikiLeaks podrían ser deshabilitadas de recibir visitas desde Estados Unidos. La decisión en este proyecto de ley fue pospuesta.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s968","start":3,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/senate-bill-amounts-to-death-penalty-for-web-sites\/","start":155,"end":194}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Posteriormente en ese mismo año la Ley para el Cese a la Piratería En Línea (SOPA, por sus siglas en inglés), fue introducida. Aún cuando tuvo un fuerte apoyo bipartidista en la Cámara y el Senado, recibió fuertes críticas de compañías tecnológicas como Wikipedia, Google, y más de 7,000 sitios web por representar una amenaza a la libertad de expresión. Como lo explicó la EFF, este proyecto permitiría la eliminación de material no infractor de derechos de autor al crear una lista negra en Internet.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/house-bill\/3261","start":35,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/01\/17\/wikipedia-blackout_n_1212096.html","start":275,"end":298},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/coica-internet-censorship-and-copyright-bill","start":478,"end":501}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El Acuerdo Comercial Anti-Falsificación (ACTA, por sus siglas en inglés) fue discutido en secreto de 2007 a 2010 entre varios países incluyendo a Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea, Suiza, Japón, y otros. Sus críticos dijeron que el ACTA “deja abierta la puerta para que los países forcen a los proveedores de servicios de Internet a vigilar a sus propios clientes” y que propiciaría “extenso monitoreo del Internet, y violaciones a los derechos de privacidad del individuo”. El acuerdo fue rechazado por la Unión Europea en 2012. Sin embargo, actualmente la posición oficial de la Casa Blanca es en apoyo al ACTA.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/acta","start":3,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EZdObzl2lso","start":207,"end":235},{"href":"https:\/\/wwws.whitehouse.gov\/petitions#!\/response\/role-anti-counterfeiting-trade-agreement-acta","start":554,"end":591}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El senador Ron Wyden (D-Ore) dijo esto al respecto del ACTA:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/02\/06\/technology\/06iht-acta06.html","start":29,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Hay preguntas de autoridad constitucional respecto a la administración y su capacidad entrar en este acuerdo sin la aprobación del Congreso… De cualquier forma, cuando acuerdos internacionales, como ACTA, son concebidos y construidos bajo un velo de secretos, se vuelve difícil argumentar que representan el amplio interés del público en general. La controversia sobre ACTA no debe sorprender a nadie.”","type":"quote"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EZdObzl2lso","id":"EZdObzl2lso"},{"text":"¿Cuál es el lugar de Bernie dentro de todo esto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie nunca ha co-patrocinado una ley que amenace la libertad del Internet, y en específico se ha opuesto a PIPA:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.burlingtonfreepress.com\/article\/20120118\/BUSINESS05\/120118014\/Leahy-defends-anti-piracy-bills-amid-protests-opposition-from-Sanders-Welch","start":93,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Mientras que yo opino que la piratería en línea es una cuestión seria, también es absolutamente esencial que el Internet se mantenga abierto y libre de censura o de los escalofriantes efectos que resultan en autocensura. Yo no voy a apoyar una legislación que resulta en censura o autocensura en Internet. La legislación ante el Senado está siendo sometida a revisión y debe ser mejorada antes de que llegue a voto. Yo estoy tomando las preocupaciones de los vermontianos y de la comunidad del Internet muy seriamente. Estoy examinando este proyecto muy de cerca y mi personal está trabajando con el personal del comité para implementar sus mejoras.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Asimismo, Bernie consideró que SOPA y PIPA fueron “demasiado defectuosas para continuar”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/sopa\/S000033.html","start":51,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo opina Bernie que debemos proteger la neutralidad de la red?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie apoya firmemente la neutralidad de la red y la reclasificación de los proveedores de banda ancha como portadores comunes. Él se opone a las reglas que permitirían a los proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP) restringir el contenido y ahogar la innovación (es decir, el Internet de \"vía rápida\").","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/media-ownership-and-telecommunications","start":7,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/bits.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/02\/disruptions-paying-to-travel-in-the-internets-fast-lanes\/?_r=0","start":293,"end":303}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TPPipSJ4tGY","id":"TPPipSJ4tGY"},{"text":"¿Qué ha hecho para fortalecer la neutralidad de la red?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Durante su carrera en el Congreso, Bernie ha co-patrocinado varias leyes para hacer cumplir la neutralidad de la red. Por ejemplo, la Ley sobre la Competencia En Línea y la Elección del Consumidor de 2015. Esto impediría a los proveedores de Internet crear una \"vía rápida\" para los proveedores de contenidos de pago y que en general, prohibiría a los ISP dar un trato preferencial a cualquier proveedor de contenidos. En otras palabras, haría valer la neutralidad de la red.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/40","start":134,"end":204}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2007, Bernie introdujo la Ley de Libertad de Preservación de Internet en el Senado, la cual requeriría a los proveedores de servicios de banda ancha adherirse a las disposiciones de neutralidad y otras regulaciones. En 2006, como miembro de la Cámara de Representantes, Bernie introdujo la Ley de Neutralidad de la Red, la cual también aplicaría la neutralidad de la red a los proveedores de banda ancha.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/215","start":29,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/5273","start":293,"end":321}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Aprende más sobre normas relacionadas en la página sobre las cuestiones de la Propiedad de los Medios y las Telecomunicaciones.[:]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-media-ownership-and-telecommunications\/","start":75,"end":126}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Religious Freedom","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-religion-and-beliefs\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/RELIGION-BELIEFS-2-350x263.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/RELIGION-BELIEFS-2.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Religion & Beliefs","type":"h1"},{"text":"Separation of Church & State","links":[{"href":"#separation-of-church-and-state","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom (Non-Discriminatory Right to Express Faith or Non-Faith)","links":[{"href":"#religious-freedom-non-discriminatory-right-to-express-faith-or-non-faith","start":0,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s Beliefs","links":[{"href":"#bernies-beliefs","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Separation of Church & State","type":"h2"},{"text":"Establishment Clause","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/establishment_clause","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie encouraged the separation of church and state?","type":"h3"},{"text":"againstwere concernedviolated the Establishment Clause","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll254.xml","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/civilrights.org\/resource\/oppose-the-charitable-choice-provisions-of-watts-hall-community-solutions-act-hr-7\/","start":8,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/letter\/letter-house-urging-opposition-hr-7-community-solutions-act-2001","start":22,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/8883#.VbhpyvlVjuo","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3648\/community-solutions-act-amendment#.Vbhl1flVjup","start":5,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom (Non-Discriminatory Right to Express Faith or Non-Faith)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Free Exercise Clause","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/assets\/pdf\/civil-rights\/religiousfreedom\/PORF-HowConstProtRF.pdf","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie honor and uphold religious protections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in favor of marriage equality asked in an interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/#lgbtq-values-family-values","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-07-05\/bernie-sanders-says-he-d-let-religious-groups-against-gay-marriage-stay-tax-exempt","start":30,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Tell me more about Bernie’s record with regards to religious freedoms.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Burwell v. Hobby Lobby","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/sebelius-v-hobby-lobby-stores-inc\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"statement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/supreme-court_ruling-an-attack-on-women-workers","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"friend-of-the-court brief","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/democratic-senators-to-file-amicus-brief-in-hobby-lobby-birth-control-case-025129006.html","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993law protects religious freedom","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/text\/42\/2000bb","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Religious-Freedom-Restoration-Act","start":41,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"strong opponent Religious Freedom Restoration Act law was ostensibly written report by Politifact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-04-01\/democrats-turn-against-religious-freedom-laws-voters-don-t-agree-with-them-","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/iga.in.gov\/legislative\/2015\/bills\/senate\/101","start":16,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.indystar.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2015\/03\/31\/indianas-rfra-similar-federal-rfra\/70729888\/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin=","start":50,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/mar\/29\/mike-pence\/did-barack-obama-vote-religious-freedom-restoratio\/","start":77,"end":97}],"type":"p"},{"text":"interview","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/B0XANj8ETLs","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s Beliefs","type":"h2"},{"text":"says he’s not “particularly religious.”Jewish with impressing upon him the important of politics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/Politics\/monitor_breakfast\/2015\/0611\/Bernie-Sanders-I-m-proud-to-be-Jewish","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2015\/11\/02\/454051697\/sanders-could-be-the-first-jewish-president-but-doesnt-like-to-talk-about-it","start":39,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do his beliefs affect the way he works with faith groups?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/onpolitics.usatoday.com\/2015\/04\/28\/6-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"accepted an invitation from Liberty University ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/politics\/first-draft\/2015\/08\/05\/bernie-sanders-to-visit-liberty-university-a-rare-venue-for-a-democratic-campaign\/","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie spokebreakfast with South Carolina church leaders and pastors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Zlq1eOZkwk8","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2016\/02\/bernie-sanders-pitch-to-black-voters-in-south-carolina.html","start":12,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak met briefly with Pope Francispraised Pope Francis[:es]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ECK9_Bk9IIs","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Mal1VPv_Ybk","start":17,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4fEUfbdPuRg","start":46,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre religión y creencias","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders apoya el derecho del pueblo a congregarse libremente, practicar, y expresar su fe, dentro de los límites legales. Para proteger tanto a la libertad personal de culto como a la igualdad civil, Bernie aboga por la separación de la iglesia y el estado, lo cual le permite a los estadounidenses celebrar la diversidad, respetar la autonomía personal, y voluntariamente elegir si desean practicar o abstenerse de la fe religiosa.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#separación-de-iglesia-y-estado","label":"Separación de Iglesia y Estado","description":"Las leyes públicas deben ser independientes de cualquier fe particular, para maximizar las libertades religiosas para todos."},{"href":"#libertad-religiosa-el-derecho-no-discriminatorio-a-expresar-fe-o-escepticismo","label":"Libertad Religiosa (El Derecho No Discriminatorio a Expresar Fe o Escepticismo)","description":"Los individuos merecen la facultad de expresar y practicar sus creencias y valores, aunque sean en desacuerdo con la política pública, pero la libertad religiosa no es un derecho a discriminar."},{"href":"#las-creencias-de-bernie","label":"Las Creencias de Bernie","description":"Bernie es un judío secular que valora la diversidad de ideas e interactúa activamente con personas de distintas religiones buscando el mejoramiento de la sociedad estadounidense."}]},{"text":"Separación de Iglesia y Estado","anchors":[{"name":"separación-de-iglesia-y-estado","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina que la separación de iglesia y estado existe no para censurar las expresiones relacionadas con la fe, sino para proteger las libertades religiosas. Esto permite la opción personal de revelar afiliaciones religiosas, y simultáneamente promueve derechos y oportunidades iguales. Esta posición nos brinda la oportunidad de explorar y participar en nuestro culto sin temores a que exista coerción por parte del gobierno. También permite cooperación social, y apoya una atmósfera pública libre de amenazas que valora la diversidad. Este derecho fundamental se mantiene por la Cláusula de Establecimiento en la Primera Enmienda a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/es\/Cl%C3%A1usula_de_Establecimiento","start":584,"end":611}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ha alentado Bernie la separación de iglesia y estado?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2001, Bernie votó en contra de la Ley de Soluciones Comunitarias que permitía el financiamiento federal para grupos de servicios sociales que practican proselitismo en eventos o discriminan a sus empleados. Este proyecto de ley habría proporcionado financiamiento federal a organizaciones religiosas que otorgan servicios sociales, y existía la preocupación que se destinarían fondos federales a organizaciones que discriminan en base a sus creencias religiosas. También podrían generarse violaciones indirectas a la cláusula de establecimiento debido a la financiación federal de servicios que apoyarían específicamente una religión sobre una otra.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2001\/roll254.xml","start":21,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, Bernie votó a favor de una enmienda al proyecto de ley que prohibió que las organizaciones recipientes de fondos practiquen la discriminación de empleados o que utilicen fondos federales para propósitos religiosos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/8883#.VbhpyvlVjuo","start":30,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/3648\/community-solutions-act-amendment#.Vbhl1flVjup","start":43,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Libertad Religiosa (El Derecho No Discriminatorio a Expresar Fe o Escepticismo)","anchors":[{"name":"libertad-religiosa-el-derecho-no-discriminatorio-a-expresar-fe-o-escepticismo","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Otro aspecto fundamental de las libertades religiosas en Estados Unidos es el derecho a ser protegido si uno elige practicar y expresar su fe de manera legal. Este derecho fundamental es promulgado en la Cláusula del Libre Ejercicio en la Primera Enmienda a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. La libertad religiosa no permite limitar los derechos de otras personas a vivir como elijan. Esto es especialmente cierto cuando dicha limitación conduce a circunstancias discriminatorias o inseguras en lugares públicos. Si una organización privada participa en negocios con el público estadounidense, esa empresa tiene la obligación de cumplir con las leyes estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/assets\/pdf\/civil-rights\/religiousfreedom\/PORF-HowConstProtRF.pdf","start":204,"end":232}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿De qué manera ha honrado y defendido Bernie a las protecciones religiosas?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie reconoce la distinción entre los valores individuales de cada persona que no deben ser infringidos y la necesidad de hacer cumplir las políticas legales antidiscriminatorias. Cuando la Suprema Corte sentenció a favor de la igualdad del matrimonio — un contrato civil que garantiza ciertas prestaciones bajo la ley estadounidense — se le preguntó a Bernie durante una entrevista si deberíamos rescindir la exención fiscal 501(c)(3) de aquellas organizaciones que se nieguen a oficiar ceremonias religiosas privadas:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/#lgbtq-values-family-values","start":216,"end":253},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-07-05\/bernie-sanders-says-he-d-let-religious-groups-against-gay-marriage-stay-tax-exempt","start":362,"end":384}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jake Tapper, CNN: “Me pregunto si usted apoya — como he escuchado de muchos otros progresistas — la idea de rescindir las exenciones fiscales de cualquier organización, incluyendo organizaciones religiosas, que no consideren válidos los matrimonios del mismo sexo.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie: “No sé si iría hasta ese punto en este momento. Sabes, tenemos derechos religiosos, y respeto a las personas y sus distintos puntos de vista. Pero mi opinión es que la gente tiene el derecho de amarse, sea cual sea su orientación sexual.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Cuéntame más sobre la historial de Bernie en cuanto a la libertad de culto.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Un punto importante es que Bernie opina que tener el derecho de creer en lo que uno decida no otorga el derecho de imponerle esas creencias a los demás. En el caso Burwell v. Hobby Lobby de 2014, la Suprema Corte de Estados Unidos determinó que los empresarios religiosos no tienen la obligación de proveer cobertura contraceptiva a sus mujeres empleadas, a pesar de que esto iría en contra de la Ley de Cuidados de Salud. Los dueños de esa empresa consideran que es un “agobio religioso” proveer dichos contraceptivos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/sebelius-v-hobby-lobby-stores-inc\/","start":164,"end":186}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Después de estos eventos, Bernie declaró lo siguiente: “Los jefes no deberían tener la capacidad de imponer sus creencias religiosas sobre sus empleados.” Él formó parte de un grupo de senadores que presentó un sumario amicus curiae argumentando que las leyes de derechos religiosos no se extienden a las corporaciones con fines de lucro.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/supreme-court_ruling-an-attack-on-women-workers","start":33,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/democratic-senators-to-file-amicus-brief-in-hobby-lobby-birth-control-case-025129006.html","start":219,"end":232}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha sido un oponente sólido de la Ley de Restauración de Libertades Religiosas de Indiana. A pesar que la ley fue escrita para permitir que los individuos y empresas puedan afirmar que ejercer su religión es un acto de libertad, un reporte de Politifact indica que los “conservadores tanto en Indiana como en otros lados consideran a la Ley de Restauración de Libertades Religiosas como una herramienta para pelear contra de la legalización del matrimonio del mismo sexo”.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-04-01\/democrats-turn-against-religious-freedom-laws-voters-don-t-agree-with-them-","start":18,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/iga.in.gov\/legislative\/2015\/bills\/senate\/101","start":40,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/www.indystar.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2015\/03\/31\/indianas-rfra-similar-federal-rfra\/70729888\/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin=","start":116,"end":127},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/mar\/29\/mike-pence\/did-barack-obama-vote-religious-freedom-restoratio\/","start":238,"end":259}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Conoce los comentarios de Bernie sobre esta ley en este video, durante una entrevista con PBS:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B0XANj8ETLs","id":"B0XANj8ETLs"},{"text":"Las Creencias de Bernie","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie es un judío secular que valora la diversidad de ideas e interactúa activamente con personas de distintas religiones buscando el mejoramiento de la sociedad.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es la religión de Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie creció en una familia judía, pero dice que no es “particularmente religioso”. Dicho esto, considera que su crianza judía le inculcó la importancia de la política:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/Politics\/monitor_breakfast\/2015\/0611\/Bernie-Sanders-I-m-proud-to-be-Jewish","start":41,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Un tipo llamado Adolf Hitler ganó una elección en 1932. Ganó una elección, y 50 millones de personas murieron como resultado de esa elección en la segunda guerra mundial, incluyendo 6 millones de judíos. Así que aprendí de muy pequeño que la política es, de hecho, sumamente importante.”","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie está casado con Jane O’Meara, quien creció en un hogar Católico Romano.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-05-12\/getting-to-know-jane-sanders-wife-of-bernie","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo afectan sus creencias a la forma con la que trabaja con grupos religiosos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie opina que la justicia social y económica une a las personas de todas las religiones. Él ha dicho que se considera “muy cercano a las enseñanzas del Papa Francisco”, el líder Católico que ha distinguido su papado mediante encíclicas enfocadas en combatir las desigualdades estructurales, la discriminación sistemática, y el cambio climático.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/onpolitics.usatoday.com\/2015\/04\/28\/6-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":92,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Recientemente, Bernie aceptó una invitación de Liberty University, una universidad evangélica socialmente conservadora que fue fundada por el difunto Jerry Falwell, para hablar en una convocación escolar en septiembre de 2015. Hablando sobre sus razones para aceptar esta invitación, Bernie dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/politics\/first-draft\/2015\/08\/05\/bernie-sanders-to-visit-liberty-university-a-rare-venue-for-a-democratic-campaign\/","start":22,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“No es necesario remarcar que mi punto de vista sobre muchos temas — los derechos de las mujeres, los derechos de los homosexuales, la educación, y muchos otros temas — son muy distintos a las opiniones de algunos en la comunidad de Liberty University. Creo que es importante, no obstante, ver si podemos llegar a algún consenso en cuanto al nivel grotesco de desigualdad de ingresos y de riqueza en nuestro país, sobre el colapso de la clase media, sobre el nivel alto de pobreza infantil, sobre el cambio climático y otros temas. Es muy fácil para un candidato hablar con gente que comparte sus mismas opiniones. Es más difícil pero importante hablar con otras personas que ven al mundo de una manera diferente.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"Escucha a Bernie comenzar su discurso con los estudiantes:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/standalone\/?c4550988"},{"text":"Y aquí puedes ver a Bernie invocando al Papa Francisco para enfatizar su mensaje sobre la inmoralidad de la desigualdad:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/standalone\/?c4550990"},{"text":"Puedes ver el discurso entero de Bernie aquí.[:]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_fOPBIc56gU","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Reproductive Freedom","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/#sexual-reproductive-health","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k-350x228.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Women’s Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"addresses discrimination and pay equity, and workplace harassment100% ratingNARALPlanned Parenthood Action Fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/05\/08\/721560528\/sanders-campaign-workers-ratify-union-contract","start":0,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/evaluations\/27110\/bernie-sanders#.XNa8aqSxU2w","start":65,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prochoiceamerica.org\/about\/","start":76,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/","start":81,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","links":[{"href":"#sexual-reproductive-health","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","links":[{"href":"#pay-equity","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence","links":[{"href":"#sexual-and-domestic-violence","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","links":[{"href":"#equal-rights-amendment","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/united-against-the-war-on_b_1464730.html","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored the Freedom of Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d103:HR00025:@@@P","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There has been a lot of legislation in recent years that is an attack on a women’s rights to control their own bodies.","type":"h3"},{"text":"unprecedented wave of state-level abortion restrictions Hyde AmendmentHyde amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/gpr\/17\/1\/gpr170109.html","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/sfaa\/south_dakota.html","start":55,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":56,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fetal heartbeat bills restrict abortions at six or eight weeks during pregnancy, when many women do not know they are pregnant. ","Alabama law criminalizes performing an abortions with a 99 year sentence for doctors who are responsible for terminating a pregnancy. ","South Dakota requires state-directed counseling then a 72 hour waiting period before permitting an abortion procedure. ","South Dakota law, limits public funding for an abortion only if the mother’s life in endangered, not for cases of rape or incest.","“Trigger laws” that have been passed in some states will automatically make abortion illegal if Roe v. Wade is overturned and the decision to ban abortion is given to states "]},{"text":"many parts of the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2018\/5\/e186\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/screen-shot-2018-05-14-at-12-47-52-pm1.png","type":"img","width":627,"height":304},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"must travel 318 miles72 hour waiting period1–2 week follow up examination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-abortion-southdakota-idUSBRE92711L20130308","start":21,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthood.org\/health-center\/south-dakota\/sioux-falls\/57106\/sioux-falls-clinic-2738-90720\/abortion","start":43,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie actually accomplished as far as pro-choice legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Women’s Health Protection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Freedom of Choice Acttravel interstate  federal funding of organizationsfamily planningWomen’s Health Protection Act of 2013voted against defining an unborn child as eligible","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/00025\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Abortion","start":21,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm","start":39,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/00021\/cosponsors","start":72,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":87,"end":124},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S081.htm","start":124,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only nominate Supreme Court Justices who support Roe v. Wade","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/444448-sanders-pledges-to-only-nominate-scotus-justices-that-support-roe-v-wade","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But doesn’t Bernie want to reduce the number of abortions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Surveys show  42.4% of abortions in 2008poverty is highly correlated teenage pregnancy.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/content\/pdf\/1472-6874-13-29.pdf","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/greenjournal\/Fulltext\/2011\/06000\/Changes_in_Abortion_Rates_Betweeen_2000_and_2008.14.aspx","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/media\/nr\/2010\/05\/04\/index.html","start":40,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/sites\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/files\/wysiwyg\/Teen%20pregnancy%20prevention-%20Current%20Perspectives%202012.pdf","start":69,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"75% of women who have abortions are low-incomefar-reaching socioeconomic consequences,2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/nearly-half-of-women-who-have-abortions-live-below-in-the-federal-poverty-level-2019-05-17","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":46,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":86,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a living wageMedicare for Allpaid maternity and paternity leaveend the gender pay gapfree public higher education","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#universal-health-care","start":13,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":29,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/#pay-equity","start":63,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":85,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie is pro-choice. Where does he stand on access to contraceptives?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prevention First Actexpand funding for family planning and access to contraceptives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s21","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S21.htm","start":20,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","type":"h2"},{"text":"persistent wage gaps gender racerace within gendersexual orientationimmigrant v. U.S. born","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":21,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":32,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":50,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":68,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Gender Wage Gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap exists39 extra dayssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":25,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":38,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but wait—there’s no guarantee that those workers have the same job. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with the jobs and situations of workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2003 report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"J. and D. O’NeillWashington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w11240.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/fact-checker\/wp\/2015\/04\/02\/the-equal-pay-day-factoid-that-women-make-78-cents-for-every-dollar-earned-by-men\/","start":17,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is the pay gap calculated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"real median earnings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There is also a race wage gap within the gender wage gap.","type":"h3"},{"text":"BLS report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The wage gap is probably even worseNearly one quarter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worldwideEuropewidely underestimated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/earnwage\/gender-wage-gap.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Gender_pay_gap_statistics","start":9,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/multimedia\/maps-and-charts\/enhanced\/WCMS_650829\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but this doesn’t seem to control for other factors. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with workers’ specific situations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report GAO reportleaving the workforce temporarilyearnings 39% lower","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":17,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/publications\/still-mans-labor-market\/","start":50,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adjusting for all variables that may account for the lack of parity in wages still doesn’t fully explain away the gender wage gap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#epi-toc-9","start":0,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mapgender pay gap by state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":503},{"text":"report by the Joint Economic Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"8 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If the gap due to discrimination is just 8 percent, what’s the concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 Pew Research Center survey","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"One study estimates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than discrimination, what factors show women are paid less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"realityrun the household and be responsible for child-rearing dutieswomen who do most of this very important, uncompensated workreduced schedulesflexible work schedules2 or 3 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_19-03-22_genderpaygap_mothersmorethanfathers\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":7,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dev\/development-gender\/Unpaid_care_work.pdf","start":68,"end":128},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":128,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":168,"end":179}],"type":"p"},{"text":"flexible workreduces work opportunitiesbreaks in employmentthese choicesability to advance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/how-opportunity-gaps-are-holding-business-women-back-4580037","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":39,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":59,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/the-opportunity-gap-the-d_b_8479606","start":72,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unequal work means unequal paybecause of their own choicemake different job choices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/there-is-no-wage-gap-feminists-want-equal-pay-for-unequal-work\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-gender-pay-gap-is-overblown-2013-5?r=US&IR=T","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":57,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more complicatedjob","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/womens-work-and-the-gender-pay-gap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":16,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low-paying teaching, nursing, and service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/all_occupations_twitter.png","type":"img"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/newsroom\/on-equal-pay-day-comptroller-stringer-releases-first-of-its-kind-analysis-spotlighting-massive-gender-and-racial-wage-gaps-by-occupation-in-new-york-city\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justice to the issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/ruth-milkman-gender-labor-inequality-review","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to eliminate the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie findsAdopt Equal Pay for Equal Work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113116883488833536","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":12,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":9,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":38,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":69,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored read:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":11,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for Americavoted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":41,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":77,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reportpolicies that would helpfought for working familiescontinues to do so","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/ontheissues.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":57,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working PeopleEqual PayMinimum Wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":15,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":24,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment","type":"h2"},{"text":"report from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)According to the CDC","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":48,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much more has to be done","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done and said to address this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"votedViolence Against Women Act$1.6 billionOffice on Violence Against Womendropped more than 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":5,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":31,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ovw","start":43,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":75,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called forViolence Against Women Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119354987362996224","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/house-bill\/1585\/text","start":10,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredto protect LGBT victims","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":11,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about men? They suffer from abuse, too!","type":"h3"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s campaign doing about these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strongest protocols to prevent workplace harassment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Campaign-Equity-Blueprint.pdf","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","type":"h2"},{"text":"only ratified in 35 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.equalrightsamendment.org\/era-ratification-map","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the Equal Rights Amendment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"part of his 2020 platformcosponsorERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-joint-resolution\/15\/cosponsors","start":25,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":34,"end":37}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Political & Electoral Reform","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/GOVERNMENT-REFORM-3-350x228.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/GOVERNMENT-REFORM-3.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Political & Electoral Reform","type":"h1"},{"text":"make sure every voter counts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens United","links":[{"href":"#citizens-united","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"#disclose-act","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","links":[{"href":"#public-funding-of-elections","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","links":[{"href":"#democracy-day","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"End Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","links":[{"href":"#reign-in-gerrymandering-and-end-voter-suppression","start":0,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Re-enfranchising Felons:","links":[{"href":"#reenfranchise-felons","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two-Party System","links":[{"href":"#the-two-party-system","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a plan to Get Corporate Money Out of Politics to end the corruption of national party conventions, end corruption of presidential inaugurations, reform public elections, ban advertising during presidential primary debates, institute a lifetime lobbying ban for former members of Congress and senior staffers and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/money-out-of-politics\/","start":30,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overturning Citizens United","type":"h2"},{"text":"Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commissionis a form of free speechinfluence campaigns and electionscontrol the policy debate","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/09pdf\/08-205.pdf","start":0,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/08-205.ZS.html","start":47,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z4kcH42oxYw","start":71,"end":104},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2019\/01\/citizens-united\/","start":104,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policy","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":27,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Citizens Unitedpublic funding of elections.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/reclaimdemocracy.org\/who-are-citizens-united\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/elections-and-campaigns\/public-financing-of-campaigns-overview.aspx","start":15,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Citizens United do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"may not donate directly to campaigns","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/case-files\/cases\/citizens-united-v-federal-election-commission\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about spending limits? Won’t that stop corporations from buying elections?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SpeechNow.org v. Federal Election Commission Super PACs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fec.gov\/law\/litigation\/speechnow.shtml","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pacs\/superpacs.php","start":45,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5tu32CCA_Ig","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2016 election cycle 400 families donated almost half$6.8 billion2018 election cycle","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/2017\/03\/richest-billionaires-are-top-political-spenders\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/shadowproof.com\/2015\/10\/13\/less-than-400-families-contribute-most-of-2016-presidential-funds\/","start":19,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/election-2016s-price-tag-6-8-billion\/","start":52,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/overview\/topindivs.php","start":64,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do corporations influence campaigns and policy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Princeton University study statistically non-significant impact upon public policydominate our elections","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9354310","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/election\/2015\/07\/31\/3686949\/jimmy-carter-says-united-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":26,"end":81},{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicintegrity.org\/2012\/10\/18\/11527\/citizens-united-decision-and-why-it-matters","start":82,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"resistance from large corporations resistance from the private prison industry resistance from the rich","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/22\/politics\/bernie-sanders-minimum-wage-rally\/index.html","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incarceration_in_the_United_States#Privatization","start":35,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/07\/26\/the_1_percents_twisted_games_how_theyre_distorting_reality_and_diluting_democracy\/","start":79,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"President Jimmy Carter stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hDsPWmioSHg-states-is-now-an-oligarchy-with-unlimited-bribery\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legalized bribery","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n9XB4lxUQ40","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Haven’t the wealthiest people always had more influence on our government?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here he is in 2002","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/9RGEWG-fCBo","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, wealthy individuals and corporations are able to spend unlimited amounts of money to influence the political process. This sounds like an oligarchy.","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Toon13.jpg","type":"img","width":800,"height":539},{"text":"Bernie does not take any money from Super PACs.","type":"h3"},{"text":"pledged not to take any moneyfeelthebern.org1 million volunteers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/federal-politics\/elections\/presidential-profiles-2020\/9-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/","start":30,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1113475464725716992?lang=en","start":45,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raised $5.9 million in the first 24 hours more moneynot Super PACs $228 million $27","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/20\/bernie-sanders-campaign-said-it-raised-5-9-million-in-first-24-hours.html","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/4\/16\/18305133\/2020-presidential-campaign-fundraising","start":42,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-and-electoral-reform\/#citizens-united","start":53,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/pres16\/candidate.php?id=N00000528","start":67,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2016\/04\/18\/bernie-sanders-keeps-saying-his-average-donation-is-27-but-it-really-isnt\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e0394c1e5b04","start":80,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’m glad Bernie won’t take Super PAC money but everyone else is. How do we address Citizens United?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Constitutional amendment Democracy is for People amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fKV2iJj9Quc?t=303","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/031213-CUAmendmentFactSheet1.pdf","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The DISCLOSE Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"How has he addressed this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"DISCLOSE Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/electionlawblog.org\/archives\/DISCLOSE_Act.pdf","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explained his support ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/disclose-act","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"continuously reintroduced","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/mojo\/2014\/06\/senate-disclose-act-dark-money-mitch-mcconnell","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Public Funding of Elections","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie wants to","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"announced","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-public-funding-of-elections-to-replace-corrupt-system-of-legalized-bribery_--","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we pay for public financing of elections? I don’t want my tax money to go to campaigns.","type":"h3"},{"text":"most Americans agree","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/03\/us\/politics\/poll-shows-americans-favor-overhaul-of-campaign-financing.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this viral video by Professor Lawrence Lessig","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Democracy Day","type":"h2"},{"text":"Voter turnout compared49.3 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/voter_turnout#voter_turnout_101","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/05\/06\/u-s-voter-turnout-trails-most-developed-countries\/","start":13,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":22,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/thumbor\/PvBSi9R-LAoD4mNj_r3eP_ZF22o=\/0x0:1800x1800\/920x0\/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1800):format(webp):no_upscale()\/cdn.vox-cdn.com\/uploads\/chorus_asset\/file\/13456008\/voter_turnout.jpg","type":"img","width":920,"height":920},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/19\/18103110\/2018-midterm-elections-turnout","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"make Election Day a national holiday","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored a bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/democracyday","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"He has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gerrymandering & Voter Suppression","type":"h2"},{"text":"sure every voter countsvoter suppression","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/equity\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":23,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1114214364825968640","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is gerrymandering?","type":"h3"},{"text":"difficult thing to explainvideo ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/cards\/gerrymandering-explained\/what-is-gerrymandering","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6oKBreT5omY","start":27,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"favor their party so it will win more districts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"difficult to overcome","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/politics\/articles\/2018-11-17\/midterm-elections-reveal-effects-of-gerrymandered-districts","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only real way to fix it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/analysis\/mapping-how-gerrymandering-will-affect-2018-vote","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map is currently being challenged in court by the ACLU","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/blog_main_wide_580x384\/public\/field_image\/ohio_cd2012_2.jpg?itok=lkxqgsRi","type":"img","width":1160,"height":768},{"text":"voter suppressionNew YorkOhio midterm election4 million more votes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/rochesterbeacon.com\/2019\/01\/14\/the-cost-of-gerrymandering\/","start":18,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/gerrymandering\/why-ohios-congressional-map-unconstitutional","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/a\/midterms-2018","start":31,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/midterm-elections\/2018\/11\/7\/18071560\/2018-midterm-elections-democrats-gerrymandering","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie’s stance on it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie favors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/creg1lh","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Voter Suppression?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voter suppression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2013\/06\/12-very-real-voter-suppression-tactics-experts-now-worry-will-come-back\/6057\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Last-minute changes to polling locations and hours ","Reducing the number of polling places","Reducing early voting days","Enacting voter ID laws ","Purging voter rolls","At-large elections to dilute minority voting power","Gerrymandering"]},{"text":"What is going on with the Voting Rights Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ruling outlawedallowed eleven states voter ID laws","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/26\/us\/supreme-court-ruling.html","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/24\/politics\/voting-rights-act-democrats-file-bill\/","start":37,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facingsouth.org\/2019\/03\/states-facing-federal-preclearance-under-proposed-voting-rights-act-fix","start":53,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/voting-rights\/fighting-voter-suppression\/fighting-voter-id-requirements","start":74,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are voter ID laws?","type":"h3"},{"text":"far too overblown","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/07\/09\/7-papers-4-government-inquiries-2-news-investigations-and-1-court-ruling-proving-voter-fraud-is-mostly-a-myth\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is this a racial justice concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/e1uKJbG.png","type":"img","width":638,"height":370},{"text":"What does Bernie think we should do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"deeply displeased this statement Voting Rights Advancement Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/voting-rights-act-062513","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2013\/06\/25\/bernie-sanders-blasts-supreme-court-jim-crow-era-voting.html","start":17,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1659\/cosponsors?q=%7b%22search%22%3A%5b%22voting+rights%22%5d%7d&resultIndex=9","start":32,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorVoting Rights Advancement Act of 2019 most of them in the South","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/561\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s561\/BILLS-116s561is.pdf","start":9,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/crt\/jurisdictions-previously-covered-section-5","start":46,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Felon Re-Enfranchisement ","type":"h2"},{"text":"citizens who are incarcerated or on probation or parolerestrict people with felony convictions strictest nations in the world","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/publications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/phttps:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/criminal-disenfranchisement-laws-across-united-statesublications\/felony-disenfranchisement-laws-in-the-united-states\/","start":55,"end":94},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/jul\/13\/felon-voting-laws-disenfranchisement","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Restoring voting rights to felons","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonprofitvote.org\/voting-in-your-state\/special-circumstances\/voting-as-an-ex-offender\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"six million people are unable to voteover-represented in our prison system under-represented in our political system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/blog\/voting-rights\/voting-right-shouldnt-be-taken-away","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":37,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/Disenfranchisement_History.pdf","start":74,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"because of a felony conviction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["2.5% of the voting population could not vote","7.44% of the total U.S. Black population could not vote","26.15% of the Black population in Kentucky could not vote","10.43% of all Florida voting-age residents could not vote."]},{"text":"charts of the number of felons in each state who cannot vote","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/felonvoting.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=000287","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map shows the rate of felon disenfranchisement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/ZmiYA3u.png","type":"img","width":998,"height":851},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/the-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one of two states Democracy Restoration Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/fd_Felony%20Disenfranchisement%20Primer.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s772\/text","start":18,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"felons should not be disenfranchisedvoting rights should be restoredsaidincarcerated people and people on probation and parole should have the right to votesaidbelieves that the over-incarceration of people of color is a form of voter suppression Criminal Justice the Racial Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/eu.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/news\/elections\/presidential\/caucus\/2019\/04\/06\/bernie-sanders-says-states-should-felon-voting-rights-election-2020-iowa-caucus\/3388679002\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/get-big-money-out-of-politics-and-restore-democracy\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":68,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/bernie-sanders-wants-incarcerated-people-vote-here-s-why-he-ncna993476","start":72,"end":156},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":156,"end":160},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1123260529466925056?s=19","start":160,"end":246},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":246,"end":262},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":267,"end":281}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The Two Party System","type":"h2"},{"text":"rejected the two-party system","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/11\/18\/politics\/bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Which party does Bernie belong to?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Senate’s two Independent memberslongest-serving Independent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/artandhistory\/history\/common\/briefing\/senators_thirdParties.htm","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/bernie-sanders-president-democrat-145640890.html","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If he’s an Independent why is he running for the Democratic presidential nomination?","type":"h3"},{"text":"caucuses with Democratsranking, or lead, member","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/five-things-to-know-about-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/227000-senate-democrats-set-key-committee-memberships","start":23,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s addressedsince 1852","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/articles\/2015\/04\/30\/bernie_sanders_joins_2016_field_--_as_a_democrat_126448.html","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"http:\/\/people.howstuffworks.com\/10-third-party-presidential-candidates.htm#page=0","start":18,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else — besides being a longtime Independent now running for President — has Bernie done to combat the two-party system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie endorses ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fairvote.org\/reforms\/instant-runoff-voting\/endorsers-of-ranked-choice-voting\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/archive.fairvote.org\/?page=1998","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Science & Technology","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-science-and-technology\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rocket-launch-693233-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rocket-launch-693233.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Science & Technology","type":"h1"},{"text":"Space Exploration","links":[{"href":"#space-exploration","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Militarizing Space","links":[{"href":"#militarize-space","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Global Warming","links":[{"href":"#global-warming","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stem Cell Research","links":[{"href":"#stem-cell-research","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GMOs","links":[{"href":"#gmos","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Space Exploration","type":"h2"},{"text":"Does Bernie support funding for space exploration?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie wrote","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/np.reddit.com\/r\/IAmA\/comments\/36j690\/i_am_senator_bernie_sanders_democratic_candidate\/crefi55?context=3","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"contracted with commercial spacecraft\/rocket companiesresupply the ISSprivate companies","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-awards-international-space-station-cargo-transport-contracts","start":0,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/offices\/c3po\/home\/CRS-Announcement-Dec-08.html","start":54,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/johnson\/news\/contracts\/index.html","start":70,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"was expanded when it announcedtwo private astronaut missions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-opens-international-space-station-to-new-commercial-opportunities-private","start":21,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/us.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/07\/business\/nasa-international-space-station-private-astronauts\/index.html","start":30,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Militarizing Space","type":"h2"},{"text":"GPS trackingeavesdroppingmass surveillance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2017\/02\/88-tiny-satellites-will-watch-time-everywhere\/","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2016\/9\/6\/12813736\/menwith-hill-gchq-nsa-satellite-wireless-surveillance-leaks","start":12,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/2018\/02\/surveillance-watching-you\/","start":25,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"1967 Outer Space Treaty","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/t\/isn\/5181.htm","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent claims by Russia","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/the-buzz\/star-wars-missile-defense-back%E2%80%94-will-it-work-25197","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s view on the Space Force, the newest branch of the military?","type":"h3"},{"text":"directed the Pentagon to begin planning for Space Forcenew military serviceU.S. Space Commandno funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/space\/2018\/06\/18\/trump-orders-creation-of-independent-space-force\/","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.military.com\/space-force","start":56,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/6485550c424444a99f399bbe501aaf88","start":76,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/07\/trump-space-force-congress\/565967\/","start":94,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie Stand on militarizing space?","type":"h3"},{"text":"health insurance before we start spending billions","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/1027649166359580672?lang=en","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Climate Change","type":"h2"},{"text":"Does Bernie believe that global warming is a real threat?","type":"h3"},{"text":"speaking about climate change in 2010 ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/j5cGqzxIo28","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"he called outJim Inhofe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/07\/31\/bernie-sanders-climate-change_n_1723334.html","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/politicians\/summary.php?cid=N00005582","start":13,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pope Francis called for radical changesencyclical release on June 18, 2015 Bernie praised the Pope","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/jun\/13\/pope-francis-intervention-transforms-climate-change-debate","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/encyclicals\/documents\/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html","start":40,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/18\/bernie-sanders-pope-climate-change_n_7611832.html","start":75,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done and what else does he propose we do to address climate change?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie calls","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/combat-climate-change-and-pass-a-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/the-green-new-deal\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Pass a Green New Deal","Invest in infrastructure to protect the communities most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change","Reduce carbon pollution emissions by building out high-speed passenger rail, electric vehicles, and other forms of public transit","Ban fracking and new fossil fuel infrastructure","Ban fossil fuel leases on public lands","End exports of coal, natural gas, and crude oil"]},{"text":"Climate Change issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Stem Cell Research","type":"h2"},{"text":"How has Bernie voted on stem cell research?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted to allow and expand stem cell research in 2005expand research in 2007 2004 Nature article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm#2005-204","start":45,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1892464\/","start":53,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm#2007-127","start":68,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/429001b","start":76,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"text of the statement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.issues2000.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own wordsBernie doubled-down","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/claudiakoerner\/2020-presidential-candidates-vaccines-measles-health","start":17,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"GMOs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Where does Bernie stand on GMOs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"he has said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/label-genetically-enginee_b_1609814.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie’s stance on GMOs here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/#gmos","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Social Safety Net","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-social-safety-net\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/homeless-845752_1920-350x280.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/homeless-845752_1920.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Education","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/School-education-learning-1750587-h-350x254.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/School-education-learning-1750587-h.jpg","content":[{"text":"BERNIE SANDERS ON EDUCATION","type":"h1"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored bills","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-114s1373is\/pdf\/BILLS-114s1373is.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","links":[{"href":"#college-tuition","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","links":[{"href":"#early-childhood-education","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","links":[{"href":"#educators","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","links":[{"href":"#financial-aid","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","links":[{"href":"#student-loans","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"K-12 Education","links":[{"href":"#k-12-education","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","links":[{"href":"#work-study","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAMers","links":[{"href":"#dreamers","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","links":[{"href":"#increase-teacher-pay","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College Tuition","type":"h2"},{"text":"S. 1373: College for All Actan editorial for the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/bernie-sanders\/why-not_b_7700810.html","start":28,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a comprehensive plan, College for All and Cancel Student Debt, with the goal of making public universities, colleges and trade schools tuition free, increasing funding for HBCUs and MSIs, cancelling student debt, and much more.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/free-college-cancel-debt\/","start":42,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"All public colleges and universities should be tuition free.","type":"h3"},{"text":"over $9,000nearly $1,200","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/01\/28\/report-high-textbook-prices-have-college-students-struggling","start":11,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can providing free tuition for students help the United States as a whole?","type":"h3"},{"text":"marked negative effect","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/story\/13175721\/1\/sagging-consumer-spending-could-drag-on-gdp-1-per-quarter.html","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"very often correlated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But why should education be a public good and not a private commodity?","type":"h3"},{"text":"watch this brief ATTN: video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/879356025433191\/?type=1","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":11,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rate-avergae-hourly-pay-college-vs-no-college.png","type":"img","width":757,"height":656},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"People can certainly succeed without a bachelor’s degree, however education attainment has a large influence in determining life outcomes.","type":"h3"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pell Grants","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pell_Grant","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has caused these skyrocketing tuition bills?","type":"h3"},{"text":"greatly increase tuition","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"pay rates similar to CEOs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/topforeignstocks.com\/2011\/04\/02\/why-is-college-tuition-increasing-consistently-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does tuition in America compare to other countries?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Watch this video to learn more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/820223108013150\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"what the College for All Act will do","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Make public colleges, universities, and trade schools tuition-free.","Fully fund Historically Black Colleges and Universities.","Forgive existing student debt.","Fully paid for by imposing a Robin Hood Tax on Wall Street."]},{"text":"Bernie explains the case for tuition-free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"higher incomes and a higher GDP","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/0911\/the-correlation-between-education-and-the-economy.aspx","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Early Childhood Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports investing heavily in early childhood education, which includes highest potentia former preschool educatorsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":79,"end":95},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-vermont-119927_full.html","start":95,"end":120},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-proposes-early-child-care-program","start":121,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where do we stand compared to the rest of the world when it comes to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2016 reportU.S. 18th for reading literacy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-reading-skills-2016-12?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/PISA-2015-United-States.pdf","start":11,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/keyfindings\/","start":15,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unicef report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/RC14_eng.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"most developed countriesWealthier countries spend0.5% and 15 of GDPsuffer","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/berlin\/46299897.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/soc\/PF3_1_Public_spending_on_childcare_and_early_education.pdf","start":24,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ECD-Costing-Paper-Final-highres.pdf","start":67,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Quality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Those are just meaningless numbers, right?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$2.3 trillion higher by 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/insights\/social_sector\/the_economic_cost_of_the_us_education_gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ouch. So, what has Bernie done to try to improve early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"close this gapcritical stages of developmentQuality Rating Improvement SystemQRIS","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED467549.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.child-encyclopedia.com\/importance-early-childhood-development\/according-experts\/investment-early-childhood-development-lays","start":14,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/qrisguide.acf.hhs.gov\/about-qris","start":44,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.geteduca.com\/blog\/what-is-qris\/","start":77,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Foundations for Success Act Early Care and Education Systemenacting a universal pre-K program“Absolutely.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/112\/s294\/text\/is#link=4&nearest=idD79B7DC04F34453280D2D0C0582BD1A8","start":28,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":60,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1100207017648685056?lang=en","start":94,"end":107}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ok, but how are we going to pay for this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/mobile.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html?referrer=","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Educators","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about college and university professors?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Financial Aid","type":"h2"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about financial aid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"remove requirements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student Loans","type":"h2"},{"text":"levels of student debt in our country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.statepress.com\/article\/2015\/07\/bernie-sanders-speech","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Student debt in this country has reached a crisis level.","type":"h3"},{"text":"USSA statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/usatcollege.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/ussa-college-affordability-factsheet.pdf","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"neared $30,000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/11\/13\/average-student-loan-debt-hits-30-000","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie believes student loan interest rates need to be drastically reduced.","type":"h3"},{"text":"a speech","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-for-higher-ed-funding-revolution","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has Bernie proposed about new student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"almost in half from 4.32 percent to 2.32","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"eliminate all student debt","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/23\/politics\/bernie-sanders-student-loan-debt-cancellation\/index.html","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"borrower defense rule","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.studentdebtrelief.us\/student-loans\/bernie-sanders-student-loans\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about people with current student loans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed to entirely cancel student loan debt with a tax on Wall Street speculation.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/07\/09\/bernie-sanders-cancel-student-debt\/","start":32,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Overhaul the K-12 Education System","type":"h2"},{"text":"complete overhaulThurgood Marshall Education plan for public educationreinvestrebuildingcrumbling and unsafe schools","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-sanders-idUSKCN1SO0E1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education\/","start":17,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/reinvest-in-public-education-and-teachers\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":78,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/will-crumbling-school-buildings-get-piece-infrastructure-pie","start":88,"end":116}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie strongly opposes the No Child Left Behind Actholistic method of educationevaluating students based on their understanding of the curriculumteaching should be one of the best payingstrongly opposevouchers to pay for","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/answer-sheet\/wp\/2015\/08\/21\/activist-teachers-challenge-sen-bernie-sanders-on-corporate-school-reform\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.a488b87e9ba5","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-and-martin-omalley-talk-testing-equity-with-teachers-union-chief","start":52,"end":80},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":80,"end":146},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/no-teacher-in-america-should-have-to-have-a-second-jobor-six-jobsto-make-ends-me\/1727820057272991\/","start":146,"end":187},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/16378.htm","start":187,"end":202},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c105:H.R.2746:","start":202,"end":210},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Archive\/2015_Fordham_Bernie_Sanders.htm","start":211,"end":221}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Elementary and Secondary Education Act reduce class size to 18 for children in grades 1 to 3Fix America's Schools Today Act (FAST) of 2011, which would aafford small class sizes and programs like art, music, and physical education.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_01-HR1036.htm","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.classsizematters.org\/research-and-links\/","start":39,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_11-S1597.htm","start":92,"end":153},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126171164697661440","start":153,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted yesEvery Child Achieves ActElementary and Secondary Education Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=114&session=1&vote=00249","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.help.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/The_Every_Child_Achieves_Act_of_2015--summary.pdf","start":9,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ed.gov\/esea","start":33,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Common Core","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in early 2015 against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/anti-common-core-amendment-passes-senate-vote\/article\/2562106","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie think about school funding?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthy areasopposesStudent Success Actaccording to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":13,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/5","start":20,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/sites\/default\/files\/esea_jointstatement_nabe.pdf","start":39,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Charter Schools","type":"h3"},{"text":"privately managedvoted forCharter School Expansion Act of 1998considered public schools","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1998\/roll519.xml","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2616","start":26,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.uncommonschools.org\/faq-what-is-charter-school","start":62,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AFTNEAshares Bernie’s concern","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aftacts.org\/about-us\/aft-and-charter-schools","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":3,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/60831.htm","start":6,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Work Study","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"need-based financial award","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentaid.ed.gov\/sa\/types\/work-study","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What policies has he proposed about work study?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expand work-study programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"DREAM Act","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How has Bernie supported the DREAM Act?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored the reintroduction of the DREAM Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/952","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie criticized Obamahis immigration record","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/217697-dreamers-praise-sanders-over-clinton-after-confronting-both-in-iowa","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":23,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Teacher Pay","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":24,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believespaid morecollective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/what-would-sanders-administration-do-k-12-education","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/photos\/pb.9124187907.-2207520000.1434202720.\/10153043292027908\/?type=3&theater","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":17,"end":38}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Healthcare","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/health-621356_1920.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Healthcare","type":"h1"},{"text":"cause of bankruptcymedical costsration drugs like insulin13.7% of Americansrising","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/11\/this-is-the-real-reason-most-americans-file-for-bankruptcy.html","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/5516037\/gofundme-medical-bills-one-third-ceo\/","start":19,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/09\/01\/641615877\/insulins-high-cost-leads-to-lethal-rationing","start":32,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246134\/uninsured-rate-rises-four-year-high.aspx","start":57,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2018\/first-look-health-insurance-coverage-2018-finds-aca-gains-beginning-reverse","start":75,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70% of Americans","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-election-progressives\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)","links":[{"href":"#aca","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Universal Healthcare","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","links":[{"href":"#medicare","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","links":[{"href":"#medicaid","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","links":[{"href":"#community-health-centers","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","links":[{"href":"#mental-health","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","links":[{"href":"#nutrition","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","links":[{"href":"#vaccinations","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan to Eliminate Medical Debt because he believes no one in America should go bankrupt because they cannot afford to pay for the medical care they need.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/eliminating-medical-debt\/","start":39,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Care Act ","type":"h2"},{"text":"uninsuredunderinsured","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/1\/23\/18194228\/trump-uninsured-rate-obamacare-medicaid","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/02\/07\/americans-health-care-underinsured-rate\/","start":9,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Act provide adequate healthcare for allvoted against the 2017 effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":33,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthreformvotes.org\/congress\/400357","start":69,"end":132}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what’s the solution?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare for All","links":[{"href":"#universal-health-care","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare for All ","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is Medicare For All? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare For All Act of 2019","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-14-senators-introduce-medicare-for-all","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie’s Medicare For All plan work?  ","type":"h3"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Access & Choice:  Patients can see the doctors they want, since the “out of network” limitations of a private system will vanish with single payer.  ","Increase Quality: Covers primary and preventive care, mental health care, reproductive care, vision, hearing and dental care, and prescription drugs, as well as long-term services for the disabled and elderly.  Allows doctors to make decisions in the best interest of patients, rather than based on complex private plans engineered to deliver profits.","Reduce Prescription Drug Costs:  Lowers prices dramatically, by empowering the federal government to negotiate with pharmaceutical corporations.  Some brand-name prescription drugs will have a copay.","Eliminate Out-Of-Pocket Costs:  No premiums, deductibles or copays for any medical services.  ","Empower People:  Separates health coverage from employment, so everyone will have more flexibility to change employers, or even consider starting their own business, without the risk and fear of losing their health benefits."]},{"text":"Does Bernie want the government to completely take over the healthcare system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie is proposing a healthcare system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people25% of the U.S. population, over 72 million peoplehow all insurance works","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":52,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/how-does-health-insurance-work-3306069","start":102,"end":125}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait a minute, this all sounds like magic. How are we going to pay for it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"American Health Security Trust Fund","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"save $5.1 trillion over a ten-year period","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/new-study-shows-medicare-for-all-would-save-us-5-1-trillion-over-ten-years\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much am I going to have to pay? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"62 million people collected Social Security benefits in 2018","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/social-security\/policy-basics-top-ten-facts-about-social-security","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RSM8t_cLZgk","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"average health insurance costs for a family of four was $28,166cost increases $100 each monthEmployers paid $13,430 and employees paid $6,050","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2018\/06\/06\/health-care-costs-price-family-four\/676046002\/","start":63,"end":93},{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedFiles\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2018-milliman-medical-index.pdf","start":93,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/uploadedImages\/insight\/Periodicals\/mmi\/2666HDP_MMI_Fig-01_1000px.jpg","type":"img","width":1000,"height":435},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ch.milliman.com\/mmi\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds pie in the sky. Where are the details? I want to read the whole bill.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Take a look","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/american-health-security-act-of-2013?inline=file","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does single-payer healthcare control costs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this explanation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/article\/single-payer-system-would-reduce-us-health-care-costs\/2012-11","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estimatedapproximately $5 trillion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pnhp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Funding%20HR%20676_Friedman_7.31.13_proofed.pdf","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/publication\/item\/1127-economic-analysis-of-medicare-for-all","start":9,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other costs are cut with Medicare for all? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administrative expenses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"health actuariesmedical underwriters","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.docwirenews.com\/docwire-pick\/what-is-the-role-of-an-actuary-on-in-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.realclearhealth.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/15\/welcome_back_to_the_medical_underwriting_circle_of_hell_110443.html","start":16,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would be the impact of universal healthcare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"address the huge amount of money wasted on billing and administration.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create jobs and lift a financial weight off of businesses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/a-single-payer-system-lik_b_4021534.html","start":0,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare","type":"h2"},{"text":"How does Medicare work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"negotiates a fee schedule essential component","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s1782\/text","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/journalofethics.ama-assn.org\/2012\/11\/oped1-1211.html","start":26,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"15% of the U.S. population, around 44 million people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/assets.aarp.org\/rgcenter\/health\/fs149_medicare.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support Medicare?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"long record of supporting Medicare and defending it against cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Health_Care","start":0,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Voted NO on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (May 2011) ","Voted YES on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)","Voted NO on means-testing to determine Medicare Part D premium. (Mar 2008)","Voted YES on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Apr 2007)","Voted NO on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)","Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)","Voted YES on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)","Voted NO on subsidizing private insurance for Medicare Rx drug coverage. (Jun 2000)","MEDS Plan: Cover senior Rx under Medicare. (Jan 2001) ","Make health care a right, not a privilege. (Nov 1999) "]},{"text":"Medicaid ","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"Did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationEconomic Recovery in Health Care Act.voted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2819\/cosponsors","start":23,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":60,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mental Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"$11 billion over a 5 year period to improve and expand community health centers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hold on. Tell me more about the scope of the challenge.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/mentalhealthparity\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states are covering mental health needs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/brainstorm\/201808\/mental-health-care-coverage-has-expanded-may-be-risk","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"12.2%5.3 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":5,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Just how prevalent are mental disorders in this country?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nami.org\/Learn-More\/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"access to mental health care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mentalhealthamerica.net\/issues\/mental-health-america-access-care-data","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"state of mental health","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/easelly_visual1.jpg","type":"img","width":627,"height":807},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com\/2012\/10\/10\/the-state-of-mental-illness\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, I’m convinced it’s a problem. What does Bernie say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"believes expanding access to mental health services for veterans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?t=13&v=yzPM_kgK1b4","start":9,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie done about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"law","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/mental-health-care","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The American Health Security Act of 2013,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthcare-now.org\/index.php?s=Bernie+Sanders+S.+1782","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vermont’s Mental Health Parity Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-approves-mental-health-bill-vermont-parity-law-preserved","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/subjects\/health\/6130#congress=113&sponsor=400357&terms2=6176","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Impressive. But what about making our system even better?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prescription Drugs & Drug Manufacturers","type":"h2"},{"text":"drug companies spend almost 3 times more on marketing and salesincreased their lobbying expenditures","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalnursesunited.org\/press\/rn-report-pharma-giants-spend-far-more-marketing-sales-they-do-research-and-development","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/drugmakers-lobbying-spending-at-10-year-high-as-washington-targets-soaring-prices-2019-05-02?mod=mw_latestnews","start":63,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie tackles rising drug costs while still promoting innovation in the industry.","type":"h3"},{"text":"innovation in the field of HIV and AIDS medication take senior citizens took breast cancer sufferers northward","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-prescription-drug-prices_n_1528332.html","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2000\/dec\/04\/news\/mn-60970","start":51,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":72,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I know drugs are important when you’re sick, but why is this an issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Generic Drug Price Fairness Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how has Bernie framed the challenge?","type":"h3"},{"text":"What has he done about it in Congress?","type":"h3"},{"text":"higher prices for prescription drugs than any nation on earth long advocated supported ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.drugwatch.com\/2014\/10\/15\/americans-pay-higher-prices-prescription-drugs\/","start":0,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4513445\/sen-bernie-sanders-speaks-prescription-drugs","start":62,"end":76},{"href":"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=121430723","start":77,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedPrescription Drug Price Relief Actbilllower prescription drug prices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dq4-CVnKH5U","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/final_-prescription-drug-price-relief-act-of-2019---summary?id=D3922119-B92C-41F0-997D-2B931E34B2FE&download=1&inline=file","start":10,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s102\/BILLS-116s102is.pdf","start":44,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-khanna-to-introduce-legislation-to-drastically-lower-prescription-drug-prices","start":48,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicare price negotiation Act of 2019cosponsoredsimilar bill in 2013","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/99?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=1","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":38,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/117\/text","start":49,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Acthold down spending 100 to 1000 percent His billMedical Innovation Prize Fund Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":41,"end":59},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":59,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":79,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:s.627:","start":88,"end":121}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["The Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act will allow Medicare to negotiate with the big drug companies to lower prescription drug prices.","The Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act will allow patients to buy low-cost prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries.","The Prescription Drug Price Relief Act will dramatically reduce prices by pegging prices to the median drug price in five major countries: Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan."]},{"text":"cut prescription drug costs in half","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bernie-sanders-vows-to-cut-prescription-drug-prices-by-half-if-hes-elected\/","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutrition","type":"h2"},{"text":"against limitingbonusesspoken out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":16,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":23,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Take a step back. How has income inequality changed over the years?","type":"h3"},{"text":"highest it’s been since the Great Depression84 percent of the wealthat its highest in 1968minimum wagesample monthly budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/07\/23\/5-facts-about-the-minimum-wage\/","start":68,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/developments\/2015\/05\/19\/report-minimum-wage-in-u-s-cities-not-enough-to-afford-rent\/","start":90,"end":102},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/","start":102,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/640-width\/images\/print-edition\/20141108_FNC156.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":314},{"text":"But should we really be spending money on SNAP programs? I mean, what about fixing the budget and addressing our deficit?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billionallocated to SNAP25 percent of millionairesless taxesrecent study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":15,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/25-of-millionaires-pay-lower-tax-rates-than-many-middle-class-americans-study-says\/","start":32,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2015\/jan\/25\/tammy-baldwin\/middle-class-pays-higher-tax-rates-millionaires-se\/","start":58,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/study-tax-cuts-dont-lead-to-growth-2012-9","start":68,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, who receives food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"recipientsWICleads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better healthcare for childrenmake up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":10,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":13,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":98,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foodspoverty-stricken areathanks to some progressive entrepreneurs","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2009\/01\/21\/us-access-healthy-idUSTRE50K5NW20090121","start":15,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/news.wbhm.org\/feature\/2015\/urbanfoodproject\/","start":36,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about WIC?  Why do we need that too?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC programin the fetalchildhood developmental stagesneed more vitamins and mineralsadverse health effectschild nutritionadulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":53,"end":84},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":84,"end":106},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":106,"end":121},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":121,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But I work hard. Why should I care about SNAP and WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Agreed. So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/dairy-and-agriculture","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, why Bernie? Couldn’t someone else do a better job?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"click here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Vaccinations","type":"h2"},{"text":"agreedebunked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/gridlocked-dc-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2015\/04\/vaccine-autism-connection-debunked-again.html","start":5,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about vaccines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In his own words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/03\/gridlocked-d-c-finds-common-ground-on-vaccines-and-measles.html","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Public Assistance","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/old-450742-350x331.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/old-450742.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Public Assistance","type":"h1"},{"text":"Social Security","links":[{"href":"#social-security","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","links":[{"href":"#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF): When families do not have enough money to meet the needs of the family, we must help them so they can stay in their home and remain together.","links":[{"href":"#tanf","start":0,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","links":[{"href":"#nutritional-programs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","links":[{"href":"#homelessness","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan The Right to a Secure Retirement to protect and expand Social Security, protect Pensions, Expand the Older Americans Act, and so much more. He has also released a Housing for All plan that would make it a fundamental right to have a safe, decent, accessible, and affordable home.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":36,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/housing-all\/","start":199,"end":214}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Social Security","type":"h2"},{"text":"Social Securitytrust fund$132,900fix Social Security","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/pubs\/EN-05-10024.pdf","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL33028.pdf","start":15,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/OACT\/COLA\/cbb.html","start":25,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":33,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"insurance program for workersIn 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.socialsecurity.gov\/policy\/docs\/quickfacts\/prog_highlights\/","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/trsum\/","start":29,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Social Security important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Insurance system less than 10 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fdrstmts.html","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/nation\/story\/2012-02-16\/child-senior-poverty\/53107636\/1","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"less reliable","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2012\/12\/dont-cut-social-security-double-it\/266095\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here ya’ go","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lHAcy4SNVbo","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sounds like there’s a lot at stake.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Quite a bit remain solvent until 203375 percent of promised benefitsdon’t have a pension insufficient savings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":11,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/03\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/social-security-present-and-future.html?_r=0","start":37,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/06\/13\/heres-how-many-americans-have-nothing-at-all-saved-for-retirement.html","start":68,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/making-sense\/report-4-out-of-5-americans-have-less-than-a-years-income-saved-for-retirement","start":88,"end":108}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s in the bill?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security Expansion Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/114\/bills\/s731\/BILLS-114s731is.pdf","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Increase Social Security benefits by about $65 a month for most recipients.","Increase cost-of-living adjustments for Social Security recipients.","Provide a minimum Social Security benefit to significantly reduce the senior poverty rate."]},{"text":"Bernie’s plan$132,900 and $250,000 would not be subject to the payroll tax 1.5 percentplanKeeping our Social Security Promises Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":13,"end":74},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-calls-on-congress-to-strengthen-and-expand-social-security","start":74,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/030613-SSFactSheet.pdf","start":86,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s500\/BILLS-113s500is.pdf","start":90,"end":130}],"type":"p"},{"text":"next 52 years","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That makes sense.  But what about cost of living increases, won’t that bankrupt the system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"in 1980, you would have gotten some change back","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.slv.vic.gov.au\/whatitcost\/groceries","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reduce the amount of Social Security benefits CPI-Wspend a large portion of their income lower monthly benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/04\/10\/the-ins-and-outs-of-chained-cpi-explained\/","start":46,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2013-04-10\/why-chained-cpi-rattles-the-elderly-and-soon-to-be","start":52,"end":89},{"href":"http:\/\/money.usnews.com\/money\/retirement\/articles\/2013\/04\/29\/how-the-chained-cpi-affects-social-security-payments","start":89,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where does Bernie have to say about chained CPI?","type":"h3"},{"text":"statement on the floor of the Senate in 2012 here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-bernard-sanders-floor-statement-june-27-2012","start":0,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Y-u0UnKZ_U#t=18m46s","start":45,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing","type":"h2"},{"text":"crisis in affordable housinghelp working families by providing affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.lasvegassun.com\/news\/2019\/apr\/29\/we-cannot-continue-to-ignore-the-crisis-in-afforda\/","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2018\/12\/01\/us-housing-crisis-inexcusable-says-bernie-sanders-when-wall-street-bailed-out-after","start":28,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"understands","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":35,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":45,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":54,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":91,"end":102}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/media.boingboing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/S3YO5UNIFE4HJA3Y4IUJQH3ZHI.png.jpeg?w=1484&ssl=1","type":"img","width":1484,"height":1259},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/sites\/g\/files\/bxs1676\/f\/styles\/column\/public\/images\/Screen%20Shot%202018-06-13%20at%2012.33.34%20PM.png?itok=1-4EH4iK","type":"img","width":826,"height":411},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie doing to address the lack of affordable housing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"effortsHe knows what it’s like to struggle to pay the billslong history of fighting for affordable housing","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/services\/housing","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/occupysf.net\/index.php\/2019\/06\/03\/bernie-sanders-i-know-where-i-came-from-does-president-trump\/","start":7,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":59,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"held a roundtable discussion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sandersinstitute\/videos\/207631740038080\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Affordable Housing Plansaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housingwire.com\/articles\/36822-bernie-sanders-announces-sweeping-housing-agenda","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":23,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"three ideas to help battle gentrificationGreenville, S.C. housing trust fundrent-control","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.greenvilleonline.com\/story\/news\/2016\/12\/18\/greenville-affordable-housing\/95584980\/","start":41,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/politics\/amp\/Bernie-Sanders-backs-CA-rent-control-measure-13345525.php","start":76,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Housing Trust Fundcontinues to support","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/amp.greenvilleonline.com\/amp\/3520397002","start":19,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["build affordable housing for low and moderate-income people","build affordable and ADA compliant housing for the disabled","build, repair or rehabilitate affordable rental units ","assist first-time home buyers ","ease the harmful effects of foreclosures and delinquencies","revitalize neighborhoods in communities hit hard by foreclosures"]},{"text":"voted Yea  fought","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2006-267.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"remembered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernies-burlington-city-sustainable-future\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"create Champlain Housing Trust Community and Economic Development Office model is spreading success of the CHTInfrastructure page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.google.ch\/books?id=_2YjBm2_JGUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Outsider+in+the+House+by+Bernie+Sanders&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjum7Kc4NHiAhUqTBUIHSJWBroQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Outsider%20in%20the%20House%20by%20Bernie%20Sanders&f=false","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":6,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/dollarsandsense.org\/archives\/2005\/0305fireside.html","start":30,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/greenfordable.com\/clt\/profiles\/champlain-housing-trust","start":72,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/hud-secretary-addresses-needs-of-rural-states","start":91,"end":109},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":110,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)","type":"h2"},{"text":"Temporary Assistance for Needy Familiesgrant money to states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R44668.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/answers\/programs-for-families-and-children\/what-is-tanf\/index.html","start":39,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"states must spendengage in work activitiesreduce or terminate benefits“full-family” sanction","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":42,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":70,"end":92}],"type":"p"},{"text":"24% of the grant money is actually spent on direct cash assistancespent on programs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-an-introduction-to-tanf","start":0,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL32748.pdf","start":66,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy2015_tanf_moe_national_data_pie_charts.pdf","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/ofa\/resource\/state-tanf-spending-2015-factsheet","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF cash assistance5.8 million families with children live in povertypoverty line","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":20,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":70,"end":82}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/8-21-18tanfcbf1.png?itok=8gpd6udA","type":"img","width":580,"height":505},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/chart-book-temporary-assistance-for-needy-families","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF benefits","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/ofa\/fy16_characteristics.pdf","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/qz-production-atlas-assets\/charts\/atlas_S1gxhwzj7@2x.png","type":"img","width":656,"height":409},{"text":"Source","type":"h4"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R43634.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"TANF is so low that it leaves families in deep povertymap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":54},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":54,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/maximum_tanf_benefits_leave_families_below_fpl_2018_2_1-01.png?itok=AHq-AtyP","type":"img","width":580,"height":644},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/family-income-support\/tanf-benefits-remain-low-despite-recent-increases-in-some-states","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to support families who need TANF?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Welfare Reform ActBill Clintondoubled the number of people living in extreme povertyhurt America’s poorest families","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centreforpublicimpact.org\/case-study\/personal-responsibility-and-work-opportunity-reconciliation-act-the-clinton-welfare-reform\/","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2019\/may\/01\/biden-2020-past-better-candidate","start":18,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2016\/mar\/02\/bernie-s\/sanders-welfare-reform-more-doubled-extreme-povert\/","start":30,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/mar\/07\/clinton-era-welfare-reforms-american-poor-bernie-sanders","start":84,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"discussedvoted againstBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/718578025843937280","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/2791\/8311\/27110\/welfare-reform-act-of-1996#.XPeG-4-xU2w","start":9,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/718582565930606592","start":22,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted against","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/HouseVote\/Party_2003-30.htm","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Nutritional Programs","type":"h2"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Poverty Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1074.html#3","start":38,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/Publications\/err125\/","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is SNAP? How does it work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So who is receiving food stamps?","type":"h3"},{"text":"SNAP recipients make up","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/economy\/who-uses-food-stamps-millions-children-n52931","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bethhoffman\/2013\/09\/23\/who-receives-food-stamps-and-why-it-is-critical-to-continue-their-support\/","start":16,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"56 percent to 100 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fns-prod.azureedge.net\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/Reaching2016-Summary.pdf","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But don’t people on food stamps just buy junk food and cigarettes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"household foods","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/snap\/eligible-food-items","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Stamped","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.foodstamped.com\/","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much of the federal budget is spent on SNAP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$598.49 billion allocated to SNAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap","start":16,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/media.nationalpriorities.org\/uploads\/discretionary_spending_pie%2C_2015_enacted.png","type":"img","width":1003,"height":915},{"text":"National Priorities Project","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalpriorities.org\/budget-basics\/federal-budget-101\/spending\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie have to say about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"online interview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/food-stamps-103113","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"against limiting bonuses","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15464\/40604\/27110\/#40604","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15465\/40606\/27110\/#40606","start":17,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoken out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cmazIu4CRPc&feature=youtu.be&t=40s","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If we are already funding SNAP, why do we need WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"WIC WIC program leads to healthier infants, more nutritious diets, and better health care for children","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/women-infants-and-children-wic","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/wic\/who-gets-wic-and-how-apply","start":3,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/food-assistance\/wic-works-addressing-the-nutrition-and-health-needs-of-low-income-families","start":15,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about WIC?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_1993-H1722.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other food assistance programs are there and where does Bernie stand?","type":"h3"},{"text":"school lunch programschool breakfast programspecial milk programsummer food service program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/nslp\/national-school-lunch-program","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sbp\/school-breakfast-program","start":20,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/smp\/special-milk-program","start":44,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/sfsp\/summer-food-service-program","start":64,"end":91}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stated that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=4m10s","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"receive breakfast believes that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-SR67.htm","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wk0-eKo5rIk&feature=youtu.be&t=7m33s","start":18,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Military Family Nutrition Protection Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S581.htm","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should Americans pay for programs like WIC and the School Lunch Program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"attentiveness in school decreases","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"math scores","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nea.org\/home\/39282.htm","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"socioeconomic status brain health","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/articles\/2011\/08\/05\/how-higher-education-affects-lifetime-salary","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=esPRsT-lmw8","start":21,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Dr. Daniel D. Amen, M.D. study in 2000","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.amenclinics.com\/blog\/making-brain-healthy-decisions-part-1\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10706231","start":25,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"in the fetal childhood developmental stages need more vitamins and minerals adverse health effects more susceptible child nutrition adulthood","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/brett-blumenthal\/pregnancy-nutrition_b_2003537.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/well.blogs.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/low-vitamin-d-in-childhood-linked-to-later-heart-risks\/","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pregnancy\/nutrition#IncreasedNutritionalNeeds3","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyfamiliesforgod.com\/2014\/07\/maternal-depletion\/","start":76,"end":98},{"href":"http:\/\/pregnancy.lovetoknow.com\/wiki\/What_Happens_to_the_Baby_if_a_Pregnant_Mother_Does_Not_Eat_Properly","start":99,"end":115},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nokidhungry.org\/problem\/nutrition-child-development","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"http:\/\/healthyeating.sfgate.com\/two-consequences-poor-nutrition-can-affect-adult-12201.html","start":132,"end":141}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food assistance for seniors: Meals-on-Wheels","type":"h3"},{"text":"strong supporterbipartisan legislation S.1562,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/legislation\/issue\/seniors","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":16,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/query\/z?c113:S.1562:","start":38,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Food Banks & Food Pantries","type":"h3"},{"text":"Emergency Food Assistance Programone of severalUnder TEFAP","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs\/the-emergency-food-assistance-program","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feedingamerica.org\/take-action\/advocate\/federal-hunger-relief-programs","start":33,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":47,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"help fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R45408.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Medicaid","type":"h2"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"consistently supported expansion of Medicaid coverageefforts to cut Medicaid funding","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49ZKwyGlnYc","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/medicaid-expansion","start":23,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/dont-cut-medicaid","start":54,"end":85}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many people are covered by Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"1 in 5 low-income Americans75 million people33 states have adopted Medicaid expansion","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/245347\/total-medicaid-enrollment-since-1966\/","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":45,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"covers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/10-things-to-know-about-medicaid-setting-the-facts-straight\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Nearly half of all births in the average state","83% of poor children","48% of children with special health care needs ","45% of nonelderly adults with disabilities (such as physical disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, serious mental illness, and Alzheimer’s disease)","6 in 10 nursing home residents","1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries, especially those in long-term care"]},{"text":"So, how did the Affordable Care Act expand Medicaid coverage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"138 percent of the poverty lineBefore that","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue-brief\/how-is-the-aca-impacting-medicaid-enrollment\/","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.healthreformtracker.org\/medicaid-changes-under-the-affordable-care-act\/#Before%20the%20ACA","start":31,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"it is up to each state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/share\/medicaid-map","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"33 states and the District of Columbia has repeatedly arguedexpand Medicaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/program-information\/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data\/report-highlights\/index.html","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/newswatch\/040114","start":38,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/03\/upshot\/map-if-medicaid-expansion-were-not-optional.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6FA94EFBCE86C9AF4DE6AB57131B0EEC&gwt=pay","start":60,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much money does this save?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more cost-effective than private insuranceCommonwealth Fundless than one percent of their state budgets","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/health\/frequently-asked-questions-about-medicaid","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":43,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/blog\/2019\/fiscal-case-medicaid-expansion","start":60,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Speaking of Bernie, what has he done about Medicaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20072014 Medicaid Generic Drug Price Fairness Act 100 to 1000 percent His bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/1951?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=88","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/2948?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=41","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/crfb.org\/blogs\/sanders-takes-aim-generic-drug-prices-medicaid","start":8,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/greatspeculations\/2015\/02\/27\/why-are-generic-drug-prices-shooting-up\/","start":49,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/051815letter\/?inline=file","start":69,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored legislationvoted to prevent more than $1.2 trillion in cuts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2008-S2819.htm","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/114th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1012?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=29","start":23,"end":71}],"type":"p"},{"text":"legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/amendment\/115th-congress\/senate-amendment\/1119?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&s=3&r=9","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Community Health Centers","type":"h2"},{"text":"Community health centers 28 million people in 11,000 communities in every stateAffordable Care Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/preventionthroughhealthcare\/healthdepartments\/commhealthcenters.htm","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":25,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-explained-3306058","start":79,"end":98}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fought hard to include a provisionThe Intercept described","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2011\/08\/10\/1005411\/-Affordable-Care-Act-means-28-million-in-grants-for-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/2015\/07\/06\/gop-senators-support-sanders-obamacare-expansion\/","start":35,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced legislation with Rep. James ClyburnNational Health Service Corps","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-and-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/loansscholarships\/nhsc","start":46,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"allow 5.4 million more Americans to receive the primary care","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/community-health-centers-act-summary?inline=file","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/video-audio\/sen-bernie-sanders-and-rep-james-clyburn-introduce-bill-to-expand-community-health-centers","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Homelessness","type":"h2"},{"text":"HUD’s Annual Point-in-Time Count17 out of every 10,000 people  38,000 were military veterans36,000 young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/resource\/5783\/2018-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us\/","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/homelessness-statistics\/state-of-homelessness-report\/","start":32,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/veterans\/","start":62,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/homelessness-in-america\/who-experiences-homelessness\/youth\/","start":92,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"3.5 million Americans experience homelessness rising in Los Angeles7.4 million Americans","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/ktla.com\/2019\/06\/04\/l-a-county-to-release-results-of-homeless-count-on-tuesday\/","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nlchp.org\/documents\/Homeless_Stats_Fact_Sheet","start":68,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/homeless-usa-percentage-map.png","type":"img","width":1139,"height":653},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can’t people just go to a shelter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Shelterschildren are often removedfelonyalcohol or substance abuse not always safecleanaren’t enough bedsstressful","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/ne3ym7\/half-a-million-people-experience-homelessness-every-night-in-the-us-but-that-number-is-changing","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5760188\/","start":8,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2017\/04\/15\/felons-wanting-to-start-over-struggle-to-re-enter-society\/","start":34,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2015\/04\/16\/400125730\/homeless-shelter-opts-to-close-instead-of-accepting-people-on-drugs-alcohol","start":40,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.brc.org\/why-would-homeless-person-not-want-go-shelter","start":67,"end":82},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":82,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":87,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.care2.com\/causes\/10-reasons-homeless-people-sleep-out-in-the-cold-and-die.html","start":105,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Over half a million Americans homeless every night – and 38,000 veterans? That’s horrible. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"This is clearly unacceptable Bernie outlined specific steps","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/desperate-times-for-the-hungry-homeless-and-cold","start":28,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"applauded","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie remarked","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-applauds-pope-francis-call-to-rein-in-the-tyranny-of-capitalism","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, Bernie’s said a lot about homelessness. But what has he actually done?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing section two organizationssingle-room occupancy apartments","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/#affordable-housing","start":27,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2016\/01\/bernie-sanders-made-burlingtons-land-trust-possible-its-still-an-innovative-and-effective-model-of-affordable-housing-today.html","start":45,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Welfare_+_Poverty.htm","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced This program hailed the passage of legislation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-housing-trust-fund-program-signed-into-law","start":11,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-welcomes-funding-for-affordable-rental-housing","start":24,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"also introducedHomeless Veterans Prevention Act of 2013who called the bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/HEY13224.pdf","start":16,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/homeless-veterans","start":56,"end":75}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"collection","title":"Working Families","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/WORKERS-RIGHTS-1-350x247.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/WORKERS-RIGHTS-1.jpg","items":[{"type":"page","title":"Economic Inequality","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-economic-inequality\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/8169811354_df0cc86527_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Economic Inequality","type":"h1"},{"text":"he has stated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547291\/sen-bernie-sanders-middle-class-disappearing","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"super-rich","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As one measure to help reduce income inequality, Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives. Another measure Bernie is proposing is an annual 0.1% Tax on Extreme Wealth to reduce inequality and rebuild the middle class. ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":72,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/tax-extreme-wealth\/","start":292,"end":313}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","links":[{"href":"#acknowledging-disparity-of-wealth-and-opportunity-in-america","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code for Citizens, Corporations & Banks","links":[{"href":"#fixing-the-tax-code","start":0,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","links":[{"href":"#expanding-the-social-safety-net-and-increasing-access-to-opportunity","start":0,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating & Keeping Better Jobs","links":[{"href":"#creating-and-keeping-better-jobs","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming the Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","links":[{"href":"#reforming-broken-criminal-justice-and-immigration-systems","start":0,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/VePpQBCbKBw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Acknowledging Disparity of Wealth & Opportunity in America","type":"h2"},{"text":"since the Great Depression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/01\/07\/5-facts-about-economic-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"84 percent of the wealth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than-you-think\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one missed paycheck away from going into poverty40% of Americans can’t afford a $400 emergency","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/01\/29\/americans-liquid-asset-poor-propserity-now-report\/?ed","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2018\/05\/22\/pf\/emergency-expenses-household-finances\/index.html","start":48,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this have something to do with the 99% thing?","type":"h3"},{"text":"at the top huge fortunesestates 41 percent of children are low-income19 percent live below the poverty linenot make enough much, much more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.newyorker.com\/photos\/5a666a6a6731fd1ea7517e21\/master\/w_727,c_limit\/Angler-Im-Jeff-Bezos-Im-Your-Dad-Now.jpg","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-09-12\/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/seattle.curbed.com\/maps\/washington-state-billionaire-homes-bill-gates-jeff-bezos","start":24,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":32,"end":69},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_1194.html","start":69,"end":107},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/laurashin\/2013\/07\/18\/why-mcdonalds-employee-budget-has-everyone-up-in-arms\/#66da358f5216","start":107,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/mar\/18\/america-ceo-worker-pay-gap-new-data-what-can-we-do","start":122,"end":137}],"type":"p"},{"text":"70 percent 23% in 1989 to nearly 32% in 2018three wealthiest people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/the-richest-10-of-households-now-represent-70-of-all-us-wealth-2019-05-24","start":11,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/inequality.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/BILLIONAIRE-BONANZA-2017-Embargoed.pdf","start":44,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"In his own words the state of wealth distribution in the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/plum-line\/wp\/2015\/05\/26\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-downward-transfer-of-wealth-of-top-one-percent\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-04-03\/top-tenth-of-1-percenters-reaps-all-the-riches","start":17,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/01percent.jpg","type":"img","width":630,"height":585},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/daviddegraw.org\/peak-inequality-the-01-and-the-impoverishment-of-society\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But what about income? Is that more balanced?","type":"h3"},{"text":"infographic","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/images\/ineqbubbles_040512.gif","type":"img","width":630,"height":459},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2011\/02\/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working People","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fixing the Tax Code ","type":"h2"},{"text":"How would Bernie’s tax policy work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Who are the “richest Americans”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"richest Americanstop tax bracketmoney earned above $612,350","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbespr\/2018\/10\/03\/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans\/#7df022435cb1","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":17,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/2019-tax-brackets\/","start":32,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Does this mean these individuals pay 37 percent of their entire income in taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"so on progressive tax system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/02\/07\/how-to-find-out-what-tax-bracket-youre-in-under-the-new-tax-law.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_tax","start":5,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I heard Bernie wants a 90 percent for rich people. That seems too high.","type":"h3"},{"text":"He recently said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-11\/bernie-sanders-eyes-top-tax-rate-of-more-than-50-percent","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But has it ever been that high?","type":"h3"},{"text":"yes tax rates are strikingly low","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/history-of-tax-rates","start":3,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"I’ve heard something about ‘capital gains’ and ‘dividends’… Is that related to this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"similar rates to normal income lowered dramatically","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/how-taxed.cfm","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/taxfacts\/displayafact.cfm?Docid=161","start":31,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does this matter?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the Tax Policy Center","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/capital-gains\/lower-rate.cfm","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising taxes on dividends and capital gains yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"increase income taxesnot earned income from a wagetax capital gains and qualified dividends at least $265 billion over ten years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-tax-plan","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/04\/09\/where-the-rich-make-their-income.html","start":22,"end":51},{"href":"http:\/\/time.com\/4194179\/bernie-sanders-tax-plan\/","start":51,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/07\/addressing_the_need_for_more_federal_revenue.php#_edn2","start":92,"end":128}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow. So what other ways can we address inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"OK, what’s the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"worth $11.4 million or more","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.freeadvice.com\/tax_law\/estate_tax_law\/estate_tax_kick.htm","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"estate tax“billionaire tax,federal estate taxesunder $11.2 million","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":10,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/policy-basics-the-federal-estate-tax","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"for many years the rate has been lowered and the cap raised","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irs.gov\/pub\/irs-soi\/ninetyestate.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/estate\/EGTRRA.cfm","start":15,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/downsample150to92\/public\/atoms\/files\/5-5-17tax_f1.png?itok=aDtavL7B","type":"img","width":580,"height":497},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/research\/federal-tax\/ten-facts-you-should-know-about-the-federal-estate-tax","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Shouldn’t people be able to pass on money to their children?","type":"h3"},{"text":"calls","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/at-afl-cio-convention-sanders-proposes-wealth-tax","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s answer to reforming the estate tax?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed lowering the bar on estate taxes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/estate-tax-one-pager?inline=file","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"99.75 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-proposes-tax-on-billionaires-to-reduce-wealth-inequality","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much revenue can raising the estate tax yield?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie estimated","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/release-sanders-bill-restores-estate-tax-on-billionaires","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"this video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tdp4fUowhbw","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about corporate taxes and regulation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"spoken out Politifact analysis","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7VN_E9WRMdE","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2014\/aug\/28\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-tax-share-paid-corporations-ha\/","start":11,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How do companies avoid paying taxes?","type":"h3"},{"text":"locale with low corporate tax rates","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/290\/284522.pdf","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation Financial Regulation","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":21,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we care?","type":"h3"},{"text":"estimated $2.1 trillion studies estimate U.S. Senate investigation federal government spends on transportation $171 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ctj.org\/ctjreports\/2014\/06\/offshore_shell_games_2014.php#.Vb2SS_lViko","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/03\/23\/tax-avoidance-costs-the-u-s-nearly-200-billion-every-year-infographic\/#3d98cf32f0df","start":24,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/\/imo\/media\/doc\/REPORTTaxHavenBanksJuly1708FINALwPatEliseChgs926080.pdf?attempt=2","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/sites\/dot.gov\/files\/docs\/mission\/budget\/304476\/508-dot-bh2019.pdf","start":67,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":111,"end":123}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s position on corporate “tax dodging”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"legalized tax fraud","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/323187-sanders-offers-bill-aimed-at-preventing-corporate-tax-avoidance","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie suggest we do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Dodging Prevention Actstatement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s922\/summary","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/tax-loopholes-sanders-intends-to-close?inline=file","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporate Tax Fairness Act Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 20152017","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/CORPTA%20FAIRNESSFACTSHEET.pdf","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/198","start":27,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":65,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Federal Budget","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-federal-budget-and-national-debt\/","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about tax subsidies to profitable corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-ellison-introduce-bill-to-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are we really giving away that much taxpayer money to fossil fuel companies?","type":"h3"},{"text":"$135 billion  this extensive fact sheet","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/endpolluterwelfaresummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_Section_by_Section.pdf","start":13,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie tried to do about it?","type":"h3"},{"text":"End Polluter Welfare Act Climate Change Energy Policy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/EPW_Act_fact_sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-climate-change\/","start":25,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-energy-policy\/","start":40,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, and what about banks? Didn’t they contribute to our last economic meltdown in 2008?","type":"h3"},{"text":"a place to gain short term profits That’s a big part of what happened in 2008","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corpgov.law.harvard.edu\/2011\/07\/04\/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism\/","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/schoolsbrief\/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article","start":35,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, what has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"famous filibuster speech in 2010","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?297021-5\/senator-sanders-filibuster","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So, how does Bernie propose we deal with Wall Street?","type":"h3"},{"text":"He’s proposed a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT Robin Hood Tax","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/22\/opinion\/the-case-for-a-tax-on-financial-transactions.html","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.robinhoodtax.org\/","start":46,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Would this really work?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie has proposed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dean-baker\/bernie-sanders-takes-it-t_b_7438808.html","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about FTTs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/0228-TransTax.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What specific policies has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsored2013 Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/410\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s410\/BILLS-113s410is.pdf","start":11,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2015Inclusive Prosperity Act of 2017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1371\/text","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s805\/BILLS-115s805is.pdf","start":33,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/inclusive-prosperity-act-fact-sheet?inline=file","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Expanding the Social Safety Net & Increasing Access to Opportunity","type":"h2"},{"text":"What does expanding the social safety net entail, according to Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"expansion of Social Security Public Assistance issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Social%20Security%20Statment%20-%208-24-11.pdf","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-public-assistance\/","start":29,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"over $9,000 per year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigfuture.collegeboard.org\/pay-for-college\/college-costs\/college-costs-faqs","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"College for All Act Education issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":20,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for the Affordable Care Actthis editoriallink to the Medicare for All legislation14 other Senatorspay for","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.senate.gov\/legislative\/LIS\/roll_call_lists\/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/sep\/30\/single-payer-cure-healthcare-reform","start":34,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-act-of-2019?id=0DD31317-EF09-4349-A0D4-0510991EF748&download=1&inline=file","start":48,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-summary?id=FA52728F-B57E-4E0D-96C2-F0C5D346A6E1&download=1&inline=file","start":88,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/medicare-for-all-2019-financing?id=860FD1B9-3E8A-4ADD-8C1F-0DEDC8D45BC1&download=1&inline=file","start":105,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"sponsored legislation Health care issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-fights-rising-drug-prices","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/","start":22,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Creating and Keeping Better Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"Livable Wage Act of 1993","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/692","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the state of the minimum wage in America today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed flat CEO pay is up nearly 1000 percent percent since 1978","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":23,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about raising the minimum wage now?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie called on fellow lawmakers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/237072-republicans-blocks-sanders-minimum-wage-amendment","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"primary sponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wageFrom the startFight for $15may save lives and lower the suicide rate","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":15,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":41,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":63,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":77,"end":90},{"href":"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/04\/raising-the-minimum-wage-may-help-save-lives.html","start":90,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Hundreds of top economists","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonDisneyWalmartBernie was invited","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-dollars-2018-10","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":6,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":12,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/05\/21\/sen-bernie-sanders-walmart-hourly-worker-board-of-directors\/","start":19,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So things are bad for everyone, wage-wise, but don’t women make even less? What’s Bernie doing to address the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap that exists39 extra days","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":30,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adopt Equal Pay for Equal WorkcosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":30,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":39,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":68,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":78,"end":99},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":100,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":121,"end":132},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":132,"end":138}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":28,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":43,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":79,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"And what about creating new jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working families American trade union movement100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":16,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":46,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions are my family.”","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1055921488140865537","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":11,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":54,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":78,"end":100}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America ActInfrastructure issue page Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":30,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":55,"end":76}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s he doing to keep jobs in America?","type":"h3"},{"text":"led the fight","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie in 1993 railing against NAFTA ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/m.youtube.com\/watch?v=I0XIgEK6heM","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mentions in this editorialtrade policies here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":27,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageWorkers Rights","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":20,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":41,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How else does Bernie plan on supporting American workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2 or 3 jobs66.5 percent of women and 85.8 percent of men are working more than 40 hours a week","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":11,"end":94}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Workers’ Rights issues page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does Bernie plan on supporting youths?","type":"h3"},{"text":"announcedEmploy Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-conyers-holmes-norton-announce-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":9,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":39,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":43,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reforming Broken Criminal Justice & Immigration Systems","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the criminal justice system like in the U.S. today?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more people behind bars","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/dbDdeuzcp4zqy0KJxMKemxu2t74=\/624x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/ESZ22DCUT45J5LXNVLG3HEPRDY.jpg","type":"img","width":624,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"majority six times more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18613\/the-growth-of-incarceration-in-the-united-states-exploring-causes","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":9,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/xrrp1WADGxHO_oyW3VWJ8xTHJ5g=\/467x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/NKHWP5YP4I6TFPETSOF3BRWMDI.jpg","type":"img","width":467,"height":414},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonkblog\/wp\/2014\/04\/30\/the-meteoric-costly-and-unprecedented-rise-of-incarceration-in-america\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie want to do about fixing our criminal justice system?","type":"h3"},{"text":"In Bernie’s words","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2015\/jun\/15\/bernie-s\/bernie-sanders-says-black-male-baby-born-today-has\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introduced a bill to end cash bail","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/jul\/25\/bernie-sanders-cash-bail-bill-seeks-to-end-modern-day-debtors-prisons","start":0,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal JusticeRacial Justice","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-racial-justice\/","start":16,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s the deal with our immigration system and how it affects economic inequality?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie strongly supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KgAwpb8rukk&feature=youtu.be&t=10m","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration","links":[{"href":"\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Equal Pay","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/colleagues-437019_640-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/colleagues-437019_640.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Equal Pay","type":"h1"},{"text":"persistent wage gaps gender racerace within gendersexual orientationimmigrant v. U.S. born","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":21,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":32,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":50,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":68,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gender Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"#gender-wage-gap","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Race Wage Gap","links":[{"href":"#race-wage-gap","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigrant Wage Gap:","links":[{"href":"#immigrant-wage-gap","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual Orientation Wage Gap:","links":[{"href":"#sexual-orientation-wage-gap","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gender Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"persistent pay gap exists39 extra dayssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":25,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":38,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is the pay gap calculated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"real median earnings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"BLS report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The wage gap is probably worse24% of women","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":30,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"working-poorbelow the official poverty line","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":12,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worldwideEuropewidely underestimated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/earnwage\/gender-wage-gap.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Gender_pay_gap_statistics","start":9,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/multimedia\/maps-and-charts\/enhanced\/WCMS_650829\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but this doesn’t seem to control for other factors. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with workers’ specific situations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report GAO reportleaving the workforce temporarilyearnings 39% lower","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":17,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/publications\/still-mans-labor-market\/","start":50,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adjusting for all variables that may account for the lack of parity in wages still doesn’t fully explain away the gender wage gap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#epi-toc-9","start":0,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mapgender pay gap by state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":503},{"text":"report by the Joint Economic Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"8 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If the gap due to discrimination is just 8 percent, what’s the concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 Pew Research Center survey","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"One study estimates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than discrimination, what factors show women are paid less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"realityrun the household and be responsible for child-rearing dutieswomen who do most of this very important, uncompensated workreduced schedulesflexible work schedules2 or 3 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_19-03-22_genderpaygap_mothersmorethanfathers\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":7,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dev\/development-gender\/Unpaid_care_work.pdf","start":68,"end":128},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":128,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":168,"end":179}],"type":"p"},{"text":"flexible workreduces work opportunitiesbreaks in employmentthese choicesability to advance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/how-opportunity-gaps-are-holding-business-women-back-4580037","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":39,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":59,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/the-opportunity-gap-the-d_b_8479606","start":72,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/FT_19.03.22_GenderPayGap_Mothersmorethanfathers.png?resize=310,446","type":"img","width":310,"height":446},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unequal work means unequal paybecause of their own choicemake different job choices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/there-is-no-wage-gap-feminists-want-equal-pay-for-unequal-work\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-gender-pay-gap-is-overblown-2013-5?r=US&IR=T","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":57,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more complicatedjob","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/womens-work-and-the-gender-pay-gap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":16,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low-paying teaching, nursing, and service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/all_occupations_twitter.png","type":"img"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/newsroom\/on-equal-pay-day-comptroller-stringer-releases-first-of-its-kind-analysis-spotlighting-massive-gender-and-racial-wage-gaps-by-occupation-in-new-york-city\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justice to the issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/ruth-milkman-gender-labor-inequality-review","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to eliminate the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie findsAdopt Equal Pay for Equal Work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113116883488833536","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":12,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"co-sponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019 supported  Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014cosponsored reads:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":10,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":40,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":50,"end":71},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":72,"end":92},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":93,"end":104},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":104,"end":110}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for America voted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":42,"end":78},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":78,"end":88}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reportpolicies that would helpfought for working familiescontinues to do so","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/ontheissues.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":57,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Women’s Rights issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Race Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"Do non-white workers really earn less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent racial wage gapBlack and Hispanic womenbiggestwage gap is worseningremained stagnant for over a decade","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":11,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/does-race-or-gender-matter-more-to-your-paycheck\/","start":26,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#_ref9","start":50,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/state-of-american-wages-2018\/","start":57,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketplace.org\/2019\/04\/18\/african-americans-wages-nearly-stagnant-over-decade\/","start":78,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"BLS reportsworking poor","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/faq\/who-are-working-poor-america","start":11,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 BLS numbers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["a Black man earns 75 cents ","a Black woman earns 67 cents ","a Latino man earns 71 cents","a Latina women 62 cents"]},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_overallBar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":485},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/pay-by-race-gender.jpg","type":"img","width":540,"height":303},{"text":"Is it harder to get an interview as a person of color in the United States?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an experiment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/sep03\/w9873.html","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"from José to Joe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/adriancarrasquillo\/meet-jose-zamora-the-guy-who-changed-his-name-to-joe-to-get#.sfZ4QmXqr","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent pollreported discrimination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/press-releases\/black-americans-discrimination-work-police\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/press-releases\/black-americans-discrimination-work-police\/","start":11,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else contributes to the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"more Black and Latino workers have service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"paper","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningsmuch less than college graduates from wealthier backgroundsBLS reports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":106},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2015\/median-weekly-earnings-by-education-gender-race-and-ethnicity-in-2014.htm","start":106,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"chart shows","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/01\/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress\/","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_educationBar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":489},{"text":"Also contributingBlack workers with a criminal recordBlacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":17,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":53,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":105,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":140,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":"Criminal Justice issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, this is all very concerning.","type":"h3"},{"text":"getting worsepoll","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2019\/04\/09\/race-in-america-2019\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/blackeconomicalliance.org\/press-release\/new-poll-majority-of-african-american-voters-believe-economic-conditions-are-poor-for-their-communities\/","start":13,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"getting a job that they are qualified for.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/opinion\/gallup\/246137\/fewer-equal-opportunity-blacks-jobs-housing.aspx","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/content.gallup.com\/origin\/gallupinc\/GallupSpaces\/Production\/Cms\/TGBCMS\/94vjcjsn5kek59aqs7tgea.png","type":"img","width":720,"height":409},{"text":"poll","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/01\/racial-gender-wage-gaps-persist-in-u-s-despite-some-progress\/ft_16-06-30_wagegaps_viewsworkplace\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/FT_16.06.30_wageGaps_viewsWorkplace.png","type":"img","width":420,"height":333},{"text":"rank","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2016\/07\/15\/the-economy-is-a-top-issue-for-latinos-and-theyre-more-upbeat-about-it\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/FT_16.07.14_LatinosEconomy_bar.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":639},{"text":"How has Bernie worked to get rid of the racial wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"cosponsorRaise the Wage Act of 2019raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/top-democrats-introduce-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-15","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":9,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":35,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fight for $15says on his 2020 campaign website","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/labor-day-bernie-sanders-video-splash-page\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/racial-justice\/","start":13,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Jobs for All2020 campaign website","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":12,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"More education means improved economic opportunity and access to better paying jobs burdenedcrushing student deb","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/what-student-debt-does-to-people-its-not-pretty-2018-11-14","start":83,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2018-11-02\/student-loan-debt-hobbles-next-generation-of-u-s-workers","start":92,"end":112}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make public college and universities tuition-free20152017","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/college-for-all\/","start":0,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":49,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":53,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"failed “war on drugs” better spent on job training and educationhelp Blacks and Latinos","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1YHplMrEIsA","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1131193164797292551","start":21,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/94592\/1\/2001-35.pdf","start":64,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigrant Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"27.0 million foreign-born persons in the U.S. labor forcereported","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":57,"end":65}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor and Statistics","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/percent-foreign-born-workers-employed-per-occupational-group.jpeg","type":"img","width":1160,"height":1040},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"persistenttakes longer to close","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/press-center\/press-releases\/study-finds-widening-wage-gap-between-immigrant-and-us-born-workers","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/press-center\/press-releases\/study-finds-widening-wage-gap-between-immigrant-and-us-born-workers","start":10,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economists found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/285a\/39f9373a075fa5b6f4f7af35c99a6d46c0e3.pdf","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the immigrant wage gap is probably worse24% of women and 12% of men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2017\/foreign-born-workers-made-83-point-1-percent-of-the-earnings-of-their-native-born-counterparts-in-2016.htm","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":40,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual Orientation Wage Gap","type":"h2"},{"text":"LGBTQ workers earn less than straight people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Average reported income","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/corporate.prudential.com\/media\/managed\/PrudentialLGBT2016-2017.pdf","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Lesbian: $45,606","Gay: $56,936","Bisexual woman: $35,980","Bisexual man: $85,084","Heterosexual woman: $51,461","Heterosexual man: $83,469"]},{"text":"supported the LGBTQ community throughout his career","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"voted for Employment Non-Discrimination Acttransgender","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senate-passes-employment-non-discrimination-act","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/113\/bills\/s815\/BILLS-113s815rfh.pdf","start":9,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/employment-non-discrimination-act-2013_n_3402688","start":43,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"co-sponsor Equality Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":10,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working PeopleCriminal Justice Latino RightsLGBTQ","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice\/","start":15,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":31,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-lgbtq-rights\/","start":45,"end":50}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Infrastructure Jobs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280-350x232.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/silver-jubilee-bridge-402943_1280.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Infrastructure","type":"h1"},{"text":"rail systemother industrialized countries47,000structurally deficient bridges could collapseroadsAirports$2.5 trillion U.S.travel economySchoolsaffordable housing crisis","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.eesi.org\/papers\/view\/fact-sheet-high-speed-rail-development-worldwide","start":11,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/04\/05\/710364158\/report-finds-more-than-47-000-structurally-deficient-bridges-in-the-u-s?t=1554558617131","start":41,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":47,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","start":77,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/roads\/","start":92,"end":97},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/news\/fix-america%E2%80%99s-infrastructure-start-airports","start":97,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ustravel.org\/answersheet","start":105,"end":137},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/schools\/","start":137,"end":144},{"href":"https:\/\/www.penncapital-star.com\/commentary\/this-map-explains-the-depth-of-americas-affordable-housing-crisis-tuesday-morning-coffee\/","start":144,"end":169}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure:rest of the world","links":[{"href":"#rebuild-americas-infrastructure","start":0,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/countries-with-the-best-infrastructure.html","start":33,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs:","links":[{"href":"#rebuilding-our-infrastructure-jobs","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","type":"h2"},{"text":"potholespoor infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailyinfographic.com\/americas-worst-roads-funding-nightmare","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.foxbusiness.com\/features\/road-rage-bumpy-highways-cost-americans","start":8,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do you mean by infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"damsairportsportswaterwayspublic parksdrinking water systemsinternet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/dams\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/aviation\/","start":4,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/ports\/","start":12,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/inland-waterways\/","start":17,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/public-parks\/","start":26,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/cat-item\/drinking_water\/","start":38,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/newsroom.accenture.com\/content\/1101\/files\/Accenture_5G-Municipalities-Become-Smart-Cities.pdf","start":60,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Interstate Highway System","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is our infrastructure really “crumbling”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"gave the United States a cumulative grade of D+","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":0,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["42 percent of major urban highways are congested\r\n","Traffic congestion costs $160 billion annually and increases carbon emissions","Vehicle travel increased by 17 percent from 2000 to 2017, while new road mileage increased by only 5 percent","America’s bridges are old - 47,000 are structurally deficient","45 percent of America’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition","Driving on poor roads costs U.S. motorists $131 billion annually in vehicle repairs and operating costs — $616 per motorist"]},{"text":"California Washington Texas Missouri Minnesota","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":11,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":22,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":37,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie proposed to fix this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Rebuild America ActThe bill","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":19,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure repairs and upgrades are part of Bernie's Green New Deal.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/the-green-new-deal\/","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Yikes! That’s a lot of money. How can we afford to invest $1 trillion in infrastructure?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Public spendinginfrastructurefell by $9.9 billion in real terms","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/system\/files\/2018-10\/54539-Supplemental_Tables.xlsx","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/54539","start":15,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/shifting-into-an-era-of-repair-us-infrastructure-spending-trends\/","start":29,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"American Civil Society of Engineers (ASCE) found","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/the-impact\/economic-impact\/","start":0,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["$3.9 trillion in losses to the U.S. GDP by 2025;","$7 trillion in lost business sales by 2025; and","2.5 million lost American jobs by 2025.","American families will lose more than $3,400 in disposable income each year – about $9 each day."]},{"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/.a\/6a00d8341c4ebd53ef017d40661e37970c-popup","start":0,"end":0}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/enterpriseresilienceblog.typepad.com\/enterprise_resilience_man\/2013\/02\/infrastructure-the-supply-chain-and-economic-growth.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1 trillion is not enough$4.5 trillion is needed by 2025 to fixbridges","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/asce-gives-us-infrastructure-a-d-2017-3?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":25,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/artbabridgereport.org\/","start":63,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/state-by-state-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"It’s clear we need to invest in our infrastructure, but where’s the money coming from?","type":"h3"},{"text":" ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":1}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Investing in infrastructure boosts the economy now and saves money long-term.","type":"h3"},{"text":"studystudystudy","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327183238\/http:\/\/www.aednet.org\/government\/pdf-2012\/infrastructure_report.pdf","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nam.org\/Issues\/Infrastructure\/Surface-Infrastructure\/Infrastructure-Full-Report-2014.pdf","start":5,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/capital-projects-and-infrastructure\/our-insights\/bridging-global-infrastructure-gaps","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has noted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has made it clearintroduced curb corporate tax dodging","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/demand-that-the-wealthy-large-corporations-and-wall-street-pay-their-fair-share-in-taxes\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-schatz-shakowsky-introduce-bill-to-prevent-corporate-tax-dodging","start":24,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/corporate-tax-dodging-prevention-act-2017-summary?inline=file","start":35,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuilding Will Provide Jobs","type":"h2"},{"text":"he’s been saying so for decades","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Rebuild America Act of 2015","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/268","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does investing in infrastructure create jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"boost our national productivity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a research paper by Standard & Poor","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"University of Georgetown study closer to 27 million","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cew.georgetown.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/trillion-dollar-infrastructure.pdf","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":30,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"need millions of workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"will create 13 million good paying jobs.said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":40,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"[:es]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre infraestructura","type":"h1"},{"text":"Estados Unidos construyó el primer tren, pero ahora tiene uno de los sistemas de ferrocarriles más viejos en el mundo, deplorablemente anticuado para una sociedad del Siglo 21. Muchos de nosotros quizás recordemos las imágenes del Puente de Minneapolis colapsando en Minnesota en 2007. Bernie ve el reconstruir nuestra infraestructura como una forma de simultáneamente crear trabajos y resolver los problemas desenfrenados de infraestructura que se están acumulando en nuestro país.","type":"p","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citylab.com\/politics\/2014\/08\/why-cant-the-united-states-build-a-high-speed-rail-system\/375980\/","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":95,"end":105},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C31IlOHNzbM","mb_internal_encoding":"UTF-8","start":218,"end":226}]},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","label":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","description":"Nuestros caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas y más, no se han mantenido al paso del crecimiento de nuestro país, o a los avances tecnológicos. Tenemos que tomar acción."},{"href":"#la-reconstrucción-va-proveer-trabajos","label":"La Reconstrucción va proveer trabajos","description":"Al poner a estadounidenses a trabajar en resolver nuestros problemas de infraestructura con trabajos bien pagados va a contribuir al crecimiento económico para familias y comunidades a través del país."}]},{"text":"Reconstruir la Infraestructura de Estados Unidos","anchors":[{"name":"reconstruir-la-infraestructura-de-estados-unidos","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie cree que nos hemos atrasado en restaurar la infraestructura del país. Cualquier estadounidense que lidia con baches, servicio lento de internet y la falta de transporte público - entre otras numerosas y regulares inconveniencias - sabe esto de primera mano.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es la infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La infraestructura son las cosas físicas básicas que hacen funcionar a nuestra civilización: caminos, puentes, presas, redes eléctricas, ferrocarriles, aeropuertos, canales y líneas de teléfono e internet. Tener infraestructura bien mantenida aumenta la eficiencia del transporte, disminuye la amenaza que representan los desastres naturales y promueve el crecimiento económico.","type":"p"},{"text":"La parte más identificable de la infraestructura estadounidense es el Sistema Interestatal de Carreteras. Este desarrollo fue firmado en ley por el presidente Republicano Dwight. D Eisenhower in 1956. Sus beneficios han sido innegablemente positivos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.publicpurpose.com\/freeway1.htm","start":205,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Está “deteriorando” realmente nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Sí. En su reporte anual sobre la infraestructura de la nación, La Sociedad Estadounidense de Ingenieros Civiles (ASCE por sus siglas en inglés) le dio la calificación acumulada a los Estados Unidos de D+. Sólo en 2010, se estimó que las deficiencias en infraestructura de superficie debido desde baches y líneas de ferrocarril anticuadas a puentes que colapsaron nos costó $130 mil millones entre propiedad dañada y tiempo perdido.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/executive-summary\/","start":144,"end":203},{"href":"http:\/\/www.asce.org\/uploadedFiles\/Issues_and_Advocacy\/Our_Initiatives\/Infrastructure\/Content_Pieces\/failure-to-act-transportation-report.pdf","start":363,"end":390}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C31IlOHNzbM","id":"C31IlOHNzbM"},{"text":"Ejemplos recientes de puentes colapsando en California, Washington, Texas, Missouri y Minnesota sólo sirven para enfatizar este creciente problema. Aquí está el video de Minnesota en 2007.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/freeway-in-california-partially-reopens-after-bridge-collapse\/","start":44,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/24\/18465755-like-a-hollywood-movie-driver-survives-i-5-bridge-collapse-into-wash-river","start":56,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/texas-bridge-collapses-truck-strikes-beam\/story?id=29948607","start":68,"end":73},{"href":"http:\/\/usnews.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2013\/05\/25\/18490608-seven-injured-in-missouri-as-trains-collide-trigger-highway-bridge-collapse?lite","start":75,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2014\/08\/01\/friday-marks-7-years-since-i-35w-bridge-collapse\/","start":86,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Mientras peleaba para conseguir apoyo para su propuesta de legislación de infraestructura, Bernie expuso:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":46,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"“Estados Unidos una vez lideró al mundo en construir y mantener una red nacional de puentes y caminos confiables y seguros. Hoy, casi un cuarto de los 600,000 puentes en la nación han sido designados como estructuralmente deficientes o funcionalmente obsoletos. Reconstruyamos nuestra deteriorada infraestructura. Hagamos a nuestro país más seguro y más eficiente. Pongamos a millones de estadounidenses de vuelta al trabajo.”","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo podemos costear invertir $1 billón en Infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"¡No podemos permitirnos no hacer nada! De acuerdo a un reporte por la Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso (CBO, por sus siglas en inglés) el gasto federal en infraestructura de transporte y agua ha disminuido 19 por ciento (23 por ciento con respecto a nueva infraestructura) desde 2003 y sólo ha habido un aumento de 6 por ciento en gasto de operaciones y mantenimiento en su lugar. De acuerdo al reporte antes mencionado de la ASCE:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/49910","start":70,"end":105},{"href":"http:\/\/www.infrastructurereportcard.org\/","start":384,"end":433}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["24.9 por ciento de los puentes son funcionalmente obsoletos o estructuralmente deficientes, sobre los cuales mas de 200 millones de recorridos ocurren a diario.","42 por ciento de las carreteras mayores urbanas están congestionadas, costándonos $101 mil millones anualmente y aumentando las emisiones de carbonos.","32 por ciento de los caminos están en condición pobre o mediocre, que suma un costo de $324 por automovilista cada año."]},{"text":"Como Bernie ha mencionado, el costo de la guerra con Iraq - que incluye reconstruir mucha de la infraestructura que fue destruida - está llegando a los $1.7 billones de dolares. Más aún, Bernie ha introducido una serie de proyectos de ley para frenar la evasión fiscal corporativa, que sumaría más de la mitad del ingreso necesario en adición a los ahorros antes mencionados. Invertir en nuestra infraestructura impulsa nuestra economía presente y nos ahorra dinero al largo plazo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/232224-sanders-1t-infrastructure-bill-would-be-cheaper-than-iraq-war","start":5,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/2015\/4\/new-bill-to-curb-tax-dodging-corporations","start":244,"end":280}],"type":"p"},{"text":"La Reconstrucción va proveer Trabajos","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie está convencido que la forma más rápida de crear millones de empleos es por medio de reconstruir nuestra deteriorada infraestructura, ¡lo cual ha estado diciendo por décadas! En su introducción a la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense de 2015 él mencionó, “Hay una razón por la cual invertir en nuestra infraestructura ha tenido tradicionalmente apoyo bipartisano en el Congreso. Es una buena idea. Crea trabajos, ingresos, ganancias e ingreso fiscal. Pone una base para la operacion eficiente de nuestra economía en el futuro”.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/103\/hr5278","start":142,"end":180},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":206,"end":250}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cómo ayuda a la economía invertir en infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Reparar nuestra infraestructura le daría a trabajadores estadounidenses trabajos bien pagados, estimularía nuestra economía e impulsaría nuestra productividad nacional.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/impact-of-infrastructure-investments\/","start":126,"end":167}],"type":"p"},{"text":"De acuerdo a un documento de investigación de Standard & Poor, la inversión en infraestructura crearía 29,000 trabajos de construcción por solo $1.3 mil millones en gasto, y muchos más trabajos indirectamente. Adicionalmente, estimó unos $2 mil millones en crecimiento real del PIB por el mismo monto, haciéndolo una inversión negativa al déficit.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/images.politico.com\/global\/2014\/05\/05\/sp-usinfrastructure201405.html","start":16,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie ha sugerido un estimado conservador de 13 millones de trabajos bien pagados por la inversión a 5 años de $1 billón. Forbes en la otra mano, pone el estimado más cercano a 27 millones por una inversión similar de $1.2 billones a largo de 5 años.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robertlenzner\/2011\/10\/23\/the-u-s-wont-be-able-to-grow-again-until-2016-18\/","start":164,"end":189}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El aumento en empleo resulta en aumentos al gasto entre los estadounidenses promedio, el cual estimula el crecimiento económico en otros sectores. La eficiencia aumentada resulta en menores costos de transporte, así como ahorros monetarios de compañías y ciudadanos individuales tanto en combustible como en tiempo. Por último, pero no menos importante, aumentar la seguridad y confiabilidad de la infraestructura previene daños extendidos y reparaciones de emergencia, ahorrando los costos de emergencias médicas, daños a propiedad privada y vidas humanas.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué ha propuesto Bernie en específico para mejorar nuestra infraestructura?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie recientemente introdujo la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense 2015, la cual invertiría $1 billón en los siguientes 5 años rumbo a reconstruir y expandir la infraestructura de nuestro país.[:]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/blog?ID=3d1eef89-1dcb-491b-8f10-5cf22fd9c313","start":34,"end":75}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Minimum Wage","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b-248x350.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6238895473_580c9f9935_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on the Minimum Wage","type":"h1"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage wages have stayed relatively flat the pay of CEOs is up nearly 1000 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":36,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-compensation-surged-in-2017\/","start":70,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#the-current-state-of-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#corporations-exploit-the-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","links":[{"href":"#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth Requires Raising the Minimum Wage","links":[{"href":"#economic-growth","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":23,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Current State of the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act stated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"important factors in the future outcomes of children","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/futureofchildren.princeton.edu\/sites\/futureofchildren\/files\/media\/foc_vol_29_no_1.pdf","start":0,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more likely","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/publications\/pub_911.html","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"according to the Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/safety-net-savings-from-raising-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But if people making minimum wage are frugal enough, won’t they be fine?","type":"h3"},{"text":"affordable housing is out of reach recommendsHUD foundNational Low Income Housing Coalitionis no state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":1,"end":35},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":36,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/portal.hud.gov\/hudportal\/HUD?src=\/program_offices\/comm_planning\/affordablehousing\/","start":46,"end":55},{"href":"http:\/\/nlihc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/oor\/OOR_2015_FULL.pdf","start":55,"end":92},{"href":"http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/120428\/1-map-shows-how-many-hours-you-need-to-work-minimum-wage-to-rent-an-apartment-in-any-state","start":92,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinder.rice.edu\/2018\/06\/13\/minimum-wage-workers-cant-afford-rent","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/boingboing.net\/2018\/06\/14\/roof-over-your-head.html","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"National Center for Childhood Povertypoverty level","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nccp.org\/topics\/childpoverty.html","start":0,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/2018-poverty-guidelines","start":38,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s legislative record on the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Liveable Wage Act of 1993 1995 1997 1999","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4546203","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/house-bill\/363","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/105th-congress\/house-bill\/2278","start":31,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/106th-congress\/house-bill\/627","start":36,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Minimum Wage Restoration Act proposed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-bill\/2812","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N-L1CXZM8Qc","start":29,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$15 per hour letter from 200 professional economists estimate that","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":13,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/research-areas\/labor-markets-wages-poverty","start":53,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act30 co-sponsors","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":18,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["raise the minimum wage to $15 by 2024,","index future minimum wage increases to median wage growth, and ","end lower than minimum wages for tipped workers, youth workers, and workers with disabilities."]},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the current state of the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporations Exploit the Minimum Wage","type":"h2"},{"text":"Welfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does “Welfare for Walmart” mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"record inequalitycorporate lobbyist group","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/09\/27\/news\/economy\/inequality-record-top-1-percent-wealth\/index.html","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/poverty-and-inequality\/sanders-khanna-bill-risks-unintended-side-effects-that-could-hurt-lower","start":17,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/introducing-the-stop-bad-employers-by-zeroing-out-subsidies-bezos-act\/2276207615741918\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but what does it have to do with Walmart specifically?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wealthiest family in America $175 billion","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2014\/10\/walmart-walton-heirs-net-worth-cities","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/15\/the-walton-family-is-worth-more-than-jeff-bezos-or-bill-gates.html","start":28,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$6.2 billion each yearWelfare for Walmart","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.americansfortaxfairness.org\/files\/Walmart-on-Tax-Day-Americans-for-Tax-Fairness-1.pdf","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":22,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video of a 2014 hearing ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"invited to speak on behalf of Walmart workersdemanded defeated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-05-21\/walmart-to-skip-vip-treatment-for-meeting-crasher-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1136280764138414081?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1136280764138414081&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fjun%2F05%2Fbernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":45,"end":53},{"href":"https:\/\/news.walmart.com\/2019\/06\/05\/walmart-announces-2019-formal-business-and-annual-shareholders-meeting-voting-results?linkId=100000006558970","start":53,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other companies has Bernie criticized?","type":"h3"},{"text":"‘Stop Bad Employers 5 by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS) Actco-sponsored a similar bill in the House in 2005","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/stop-bezos-act-2018?id=C2E88AC5-C629-4680-8F8D-9EE74F343560&download=1&inline=file","start":0,"end":63},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/3917\/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22medicaid%22%7D&r=2&s=5","start":63,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/10\/02\/amazon-raises-minimum-wage-to-15-for-all-us-employees.html","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called out Disney CEO Bob Iger","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2018\/07\/bernie-sanders-attacks-disney-ceo-bob-igers-400-million-dollar-pay-package-1202426145\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Disney agreed to raise the minimum wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2018\/08\/26\/walt-disney-world-workers-win-15-dollar-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"use the profits from the blockbuster Avengers film","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html","start":0,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does this have to with the minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"according","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vFnT4AbJLrw","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"What labor actions has Bernie supported in the fight for a living wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plantUCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW stop and shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":58,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":74,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":101,"end":122},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":122,"end":148},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":148,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":170,"end":191}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are other workers being underpaid?","type":"h3"},{"text":"supports teachersthey fight","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/981338520265592842?lang=en","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2018\/05\/15\/609734857\/north-carolina-teachers-join-the-march-how-did-we-get-here-what-s-next","start":17,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"enormous gapmany recent teacher strikesWest VirginiaCaliforniaColoradoVirginiaArizonaOklahomaKentuckyNorth CarolinaSouth Carolinateacher salaries went up","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/teachers\/teaching_now\/2019\/04\/which_states_have_the_highest_and_lowest_teacher_salaries.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2019\/feb\/27\/low-pay-large-classes-funding-cuts-behind-new-wave-of-us-teachers-strikes","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/similar-to-teachers-in-west-virginia-oklahomas-public-school-teachers-are-among-\/1713889418666055\/","start":39,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2019\/01\/14\/beginning-walkout-los-angeles-teachers-find-support-sanders-not-corporate-democrats?utm_source=samizdat&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=free","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/i-stand-with-the-denver-teachers-who-have-voted-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-\/2109753909079602\/","start":62,"end":70},{"href":"http:\/\/paydayreport.com\/inspired-by-l-a-strike-virginia-teachers-prepare-to-walkout-jan-28th\/","start":70,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/385067-sanders-praises-teacher-walkouts-in-so-called-red-state","start":78,"end":85},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/oklahoma-teachers-rally-for-progress\/10156902663897908\/","start":85,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sensanders\/status\/981184367849504768?lang=en","start":93,"end":101},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/north-carolina-schools-closing-as-teachers-flock-to-may-day-protest_2888760.html","start":101,"end":115},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/2253467194708272?comment_id=2253499738038351&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D","start":115,"end":129},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/bernie-sanders-says-all-teacher-salaries-should-start-60000-1433426","start":129,"end":153}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Productivity & Inflation","type":"h2"},{"text":"American workers are more productive op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","start":0,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2015\/06\/12\/bernie-sanders-the-war-middle-class\/hAJUTAjWgupBLx4zAMh7nN\/story.html?hootPostID=932abaf0e7def55e4bea95b77a4d4763","start":37,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FT_18.07.26_hourlyWage_adjusted.png","type":"img","width":640,"height":427},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Great — what are actual economists saying about this, though?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Economic Policy Institute","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"petition by over 200 economists","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/15-minimum-wage-petition?inline=file","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But there’s so much money being made in America. Where is it all going?","type":"h3"},{"text":"296 times what a typical worker earns","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-continues-to-rise\/","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If I work longer hours, will I make more money?","type":"h3"},{"text":"reduces your productivity makes you feel actually bedepression","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp8129.pdf","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2001-00335-002","start":26,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Margot_Shields2\/publication\/230858767_Long_Working_Hours_and_Health\/links\/540b12db0cf2df04e7493a06\/Long-Working-Hours-and-Health.pdf","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2019\/feb\/25\/women-working-longer-hours-more-likely-to-be-depressed-study","start":53,"end":63}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Growth","type":"h2"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-for-15-an-hour-minimum-wage","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does today’s minimum wage of $7.25 per hour compare to levels set in the past?","type":"h3"},{"text":"represents a serious decrease of purchasing power $18 per hour","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/declining-federal-minimum-wage-inequality\/","start":0,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":50,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Will increasing the minimum wage lead to fewer jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"an increasing amount of evidence President Truman led precisely the same charge unemployment decrease over the next several years","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.integrityflorida.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Minimum-Wage-Policy-and-the-Resulting-Effect-on-Employment-final-.pdf","start":0,"end":32},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/08\/28\/minimum-wage-doubling_n_3819478.html","start":33,"end":79},{"href":"http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/timeseries\/LNU04000000?years_option=all_years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data","start":80,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"experienced more job growth","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newrepublic.com\/article\/119440\/states-raised-their-minimum-wages-had-stronger-job-growth","start":0,"end":27}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Won’t increasing the minimum wage harm small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"raise the minimum wage additional locations study Center for Economic and Policy Research","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.seattle.gov\/civilrights\/labor-standards\/minimum-wage","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"http:\/\/mynorthwest.com\/11\/2769779\/Seattles-minimum-wage-supporters-report-sky-remains-aloft","start":23,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":44,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/cepr.net\/documents\/publications\/min-wage-2013-02.pdf","start":50,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"CostCo raised the minimum wage In 2004","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2006\/12\/the-high-cost-of-low-wages\/ar\/pr","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/irle.berkeley.edu\/files\/2005\/The-Economics-of-Citywide-Minimum-Wages.pdf","start":7,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.irle.berkeley.edu\/research\/minimumwage\/sfminimumwage.pdf","start":31,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/smallbusinesswage.png","type":"img","width":539,"height":479},{"text":"What else is Bernie doing to promote more economic opportunities for working Americans?","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed legislation provide decent-paying jobs working people","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-youth-jobs-bill","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/230866-sen-sanders-files-1t-infrastructure-bill","start":20,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":47,"end":61}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Small Business and Entrepreneurship","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-small-business-and-entrepreneurship\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280-350x233.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/store-832188_1280.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Small Business and Entrepreneurship","type":"h1"},{"text":"Supporting Small BusinessesSmall Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"#supporting-small-businesses","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":27,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship & Innovation","links":[{"href":"#entrepreneurship-and-innovation","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutralitydefending the openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"#net-neutrality","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","links":[{"href":"#visa-reform","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Supporting Small Businesses","type":"h2"},{"text":"many pieces of legislation to help small businesses grow","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/key-votes\/27110\/bernie-sanders\/11\/business-and-consumers#.XN4mSS2ZNp8","start":0,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why should we provide low-interest loans and other support to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Why aren’t there enough loans available to small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Glass-Steagall","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/glass_steagall_act.asp","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fewer new business were created","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inc.com\/magazine\/201505\/leigh-buchanan\/the-vanishing-startups-in-decline.html","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2008 financial crisis Financial Regulation issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/blogs\/economic-intelligence\/2012\/08\/27\/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-financial-regulation\/","start":22,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie acted to support small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie voted againstBankruptcy Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005more difficult for low-income people and entrepreneurs to discharge debt from credit card companies Six-Point Plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/109-2005\/h108","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/plaws\/publ8\/PLAW-109publ8.pdf","start":20,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2015\/10\/21\/joe_bidens_greatest_betrayal_the_one_senate_vote_that_makes_it_hard_to_support_a_biden_run\/","start":77,"end":176},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sen-sanders-six-point-plan-to-rein-in-wall-street","start":176,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Small Business Jobs Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/giving-vermonts-small-businesses-a-boost","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supportedSmall Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/15601\/41180\/27110\/small-business-jobs-and-tax-relief-act#.XN5g76SxU2x","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/112th-congress\/senate-bill\/2237\/text","start":9,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Loan Shark Prevention Actlegislationconsumer loans and credit cards at 15%","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/senator-sanders-and-representative-ocasio-cortez-unveil-the-loan-shark-prevention-act-to-protect-consumers","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-act-text?id=0FE91539-6150-41AC-A13C-DC0F78DDC822&download=1&inline=file","start":25,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/loan-shark-summary2?id=3F1D9AAE-81E8-4583-BD39-A472FF7B71B5&download=1&inline=file","start":36,"end":74}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about big businesses? Where does Bernie stand on big corporations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Corporate Regulation pageinfluence of money in politics here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-corporate-regulation\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-political-reform\/","start":26,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entrepreneurship and Innovation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Our businesses rely on high-quality, accessible education.","type":"h3"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The current patent system is in need of reform.","type":"h3"},{"text":"proposed a solution","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/must-read\/invent-a-drug-win-1-million-slate-magazine","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is wrong with how the patent system works?","type":"h3"},{"text":"problems negatively impact","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/11\/ff-steven-levy-the-patent-problem\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/sbtc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/SBTCPatentletter2pagecondensedversion.pdf","start":9,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Give me an example?","type":"h3"},{"text":"article","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.who.int\/intellectualproperty\/topics\/ip\/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf","start":0,"end":7}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Has Bernie proposed any reforms along these lines?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2005 2007 similar piece of legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/109th-congress\/house-bill\/417","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/2210","start":5,"end":9},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/radical-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-of-aids-drugs-by-awarding-prizes-instead-of-patents\/2012\/05\/19\/gIQAEGfabU_story.html","start":10,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders and Ro Khanna introduced legislation","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2018\/11\/20\/18104560\/bernie-sanders-ro-khanna-lower-drug-prices-bill-trump","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Healthcare: Drug Manufacturers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#drug-manufacturers","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Net Neutrality","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie supports net neutralityclose the digital gap, not expand it","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/-sanders-statement-on-fcc-decision-to-repeal-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":30,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"net neutralitythe openness and neutrality of the internet","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/1330060767048924","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=10156125683862908","start":14,"end":57}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does net neutrality affect small businesses?","type":"h3"},{"text":"subject to increased costsunfair competitive disadvantages","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/243651\/why_net_neutrality_is_better_for_business.html","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.waspbarcode.com\/buzz\/net-neutrality-affects-small-business\/","start":27,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this Senate address ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TPPipSJ4tGY&feature=youtu.be","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supported a bill to restore net neutralityrepealed by the FCC","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/vermontbiz.com\/news\/2019\/march\/07\/leahy-sanders-and-welch-back-legislation-restore-net-neutrality","start":0,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/11\/technology\/net-neutrality-repeal.html","start":42,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-privacy-and-digital-rights\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visa Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"What’s the happy medium with regards to visa reform in Bernie’s view?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d113:S.744","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"proposed changes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2013\/04\/18-h1b-visa-immigration-ruiz-wilson","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"here","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Trade & U.S. Jobs","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/port-675539_1920-350x197.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/port-675539_1920.jpg","is_redirect":"true","content":[{"text":"[:en]","type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Trade and U.S. Jobs","type":"h1"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-us","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","links":[{"href":"#NAFTA","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade with China","links":[{"href":"#trade-with-china","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership","links":[{"href":"#the-trans-pacific-partnership","start":0,"end":25}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why is Bernie against most trade agreements?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/explain-north-american-trade-agreement-1712.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/lobby.la.psu.edu\/040_PNTR\/frameset_china.html","start":6,"end":49},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":50,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"op-ed in the Huffington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Is it true that these trade deals have cost American jobs? Where’s the evidence?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Here is a studystudies like this one","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/row\/R42965.pdf","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As he said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547588\/rep-bernie-sanders-nafta-bad-deal-american-workers","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here he is","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What effect do these trade agreements have on unions and US workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"disastrous consequences for American workers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreementlegislation in 2005 to withdraw from the World Trade Organization (WTO)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/109\/bills\/hjres27\/BILLS-109hjres27rh.pdf","start":94,"end":165}],"type":"p"},{"text":"op-edmassive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":5,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":23,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":36,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":47,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":66,"end":74},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":74,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":84,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":116,"end":131},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":131,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":168,"end":202}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Are there more Trade Agreements being negotiated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"(TPP)(TISA)(TTIP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/magazine\/2015\/winter\/tisa-newest-bad-trade-deal","start":5,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/comment\/what-is-ttip-and-six-reasons-why-the-answer-should-scare-you-9779688.html","start":11,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"introduced the Rebuild America ActInfrastructure page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":34,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"federal jobs guarantee program","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","type":"h2"},{"text":"trilateral trade agreement went into effect the following year","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta","start":27,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people for NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"argue that the increase in trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2000\/08\/the-benefits-of-free-trade-a-guide-for-policymakers","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey J. Schott NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges,","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/assets\/po\/free-trade-20\/schott.pdf","start":41,"end":86}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why were some people against NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"environmental and food safety standards.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":40}],"type":"p"},{"text":"As described by","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What did Bernie say about NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA is a failure ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W2vCDSIotew","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"will be a disaster for our working peoplewrote in a 1993 editorial will only benefit the ruling elites","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49eJYs8aDbs","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sevendaysvt.com\/vermont\/sanders-why-i-oppose-nafta\/Content?oid=2435080","start":41,"end":66},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/embeds\/239210728\/content","start":66,"end":101}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What were the results of NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"pointed out","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.progressive.org\/news\/2011\/10\/170238\/bernie-sanders-denounces-free-trade-pacts","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reports Americans have lost over 680,000 jobs950,000 lost 5.6 million jobs between February 2000 and February 2011.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":7,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages_feb_2018_final.pdf","start":45,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibew.org\/articles\/11Daily\/1105\/110509_NAFTAReport.htm","start":52,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"text":"chart$2 trillion trade deficit with MexicoSource","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/infogram.com\/untitled-1h7j4dnyrx0d6nr","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2018\/oct\/01\/donald-trump\/has-us-racked-2-trillion-trade-deficits-nafta-bega\/","start":5,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/infogram.com\/untitled-1h7j4dnyrx0d6nr","start":42,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"map","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/img.huffingtonpost.com\/asset\/5bb333e03c000032000c512c.jpeg?ops=scalefit_720_noupscale","type":"img","width":560,"height":449},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-job-loss-trade-deficit-epi_n_859983","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why has NAFTA been in the news lately?","type":"h3"},{"text":"renegotiate NAFTACanada joined the pactUnited States-Mexico-Canada AgreementUnder the USMCAtariff-free tradesome provisionsmay benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/president-donald-j-trump-keeping-promise-renegotiate-nafta\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/09\/30\/politics\/trump-nafta-canada\/index.html","start":17,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement\/agreement-between","start":39,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/trumps-rebrand-of-nafta","start":76,"end":91},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2018\/10\/04\/the-renegotiation-of-nafta-is-a-relief-but-it-is-not-a-success","start":91,"end":108},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement","start":108,"end":123},{"href":"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/economics\/08\/north-american-free-trade-agreement.asp","start":123,"end":134}],"type":"p"},{"text":"strongly opposed the NAFTA replacementprotections for workerssaying,","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-statement-on-nafta-replacement-","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2019\/04\/29\/nafta-bernie-sanders-trump\/","start":38,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.agweb.com\/article\/one-more-hurdle-for-usmca-sanders-urges-trump-to-rework-agreement\/","start":61,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trade Policy With China","type":"h2"},{"text":"opposed criticized$419 billion loss of over 3.4 million U.S. manufacturing jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/usnews\/politics\/item\/32206-sanders-criticizes-biden-for-downplaying-china-as-an-economic-threat-to-u-s","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/u-s-china-trade-deficit-causes-effects-and-solutions-3306277","start":18,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/press\/the-growing-trade-deficit-with-china-has-led-to-a-loss-of-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-between-2001-and-2017\/","start":30,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Visit the China issue page for additional information about U.S.\/China trade policy.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-china\/","start":10,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What does Bernie’s track record look like with regard to Chinese trade policy?","type":"h3"},{"text":"voted in the HouseIn 2000 voted against Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR)3.4 million jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/votes\/21825#.XO-tdo-xU2w","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CREC-2000-09-13\/html\/CREC-2000-09-13-pt1-PgS8444.htm","start":19,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2000\/roll228.xml","start":26,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/106\/plaws\/publ286\/PLAW-106publ286.pdf","start":41,"end":80},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/press\/the-growing-trade-deficit-with-china-has-led-to-a-loss-of-3-4-million-u-s-jobs-between-2001-and-2017\/","start":80,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Maybe trade agreements aren’t great for Americans, but don’t they provide millions of jobs for Chinese workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"July 2015 interviewinterview","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/U2LmSy_hJEA","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership","type":"h2"},{"text":"opponent of the Trans-Pacific Partnership he argues","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":0,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":41,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"almost completely negotiatedwithdrew from TPPincluded in the renegotiations of NAFTA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/08\/10\/top-us-trade-expert-massive-trans-pacific-deal-will-get-done.html","start":0,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/01\/23\/politics\/trump-tpp-things-to-know\/index.html","start":28,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/trumps-renegotiation-of-nafta-is-starting-to-look-a-lot-like-the-tpp\/","start":45,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the TPP exactly?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/chinaustradelawblog.lexblogplatformthree.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/164\/2014\/06\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.chinaustradelawblog.com\/2014\/06\/articles\/trade-negotiations-2\/the-pivot-to-asia-and-the-inevitable-failure-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wait — I thought it was called TPA, or TAA, or something like that.","type":"h3"},{"text":"this explanation(TPP)(TISA)(TTIP)","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/kevin-drum\/2015\/06\/tpp-tpa-and-taa-trying-explain-unexplainable","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"http:\/\/rooseveltinstitute.org\/why-tpp-bad-deal-america-and-american-workers\/","start":17,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/magazine\/2015\/winter\/tisa-newest-bad-trade-deal","start":22,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/comment\/what-is-ttip-and-six-reasons-why-the-answer-should-scare-you-9779688.html","start":28,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Remind me – what’s so bad about lower barriers to trade?","type":"h3"},{"text":"NAFTA  PNTR with China","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#NAFTA","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#trade-with-China","start":7,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Anything else?","type":"h3"},{"text":"concerned about a clauseInvestor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) judged and decided by corporate lawyersno one has actually read the agreement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/chrishamby\/senators-call-for-global-super-court-to-be-removed-from-tpp","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/2\/28\/8124057\/investor-state-dispute-settlement-elizabeth-warren","start":24,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/chrishamby\/senators-call-for-global-super-court-to-be-removed-from-tpp","start":64,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/billmoyers.com\/2015\/05\/19\/let-public-read-completed-parts-trans-pacific-partnership\/","start":104,"end":142}],"type":"p"},{"text":"the U.S. Trade Representative Phillip Morris suing governments this funny and informative exposé","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/about-us\/policy-offices\/press-office\/blog\/2014\/March\/Facts-Investor-State%20Dispute-Settlement-Safeguarding-Public-Interest-Protecting-Investors","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/internationalrelations\/internationallaw\/pages\/tobaccoplainpackaging.aspx","start":29,"end":61},{"href":"https:\/\/www.techdirt.com\/articles\/20150216\/17390930032\/john-oliver-highlights-ridiculousness-corporate-sovereignty-provisions.shtml","start":62,"end":95}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Really? What’s the deal with it being “secret”?","type":"h3"},{"text":"The TPP has been kept almost entirely secret","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/11\/politics\/trade-deal-secrecy-tpp\/","start":0,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"this lettervideo","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/big.assets.huffingtonpost.com\/sandersustrletter.pdf","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ae4iy0alHCI","start":11,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what did Bernie say about TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"join other progressives voting against fast-track authority","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/democrats-toughen-trade-stance-but-reject-formal-opposition-to-the-tpp\/","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/eu.burlingtonfreepress.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2015\/06\/23\/leahy-sanders-vote-trade-pact\/29163361\/","start":23,"end":37},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hiR2vcGqYxw","start":38,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"also opposed secrecy surrounding the TPPan editorial","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/11\/politics\/trade-deal-secrecy-tpp\/","start":12,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":40,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/J-fawXeTxlE","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other groups opposed the TPP? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"1,500 organizationsbusiness groupsabor groupsenvironmental groupsFaith groupsagriculture groupsDoctors without Borders","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/newswire\/2016\/05\/23\/over-1500-organizations-call-congress-oppose-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-trade-tpp-investment\/u-s-business-groups-oppose-exceptions-in-pacific-trade-pact-idUSKCN0RU1WT20150930","start":19,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/trade\/280938-labor-environmental-groups-call-on-congress-to-oppose-tpp","start":34,"end":45},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/finance\/trade\/280938-labor-environmental-groups-call-on-congress-to-oppose-tpp","start":45,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/maryknollogc.org\/article\/faith-groups-oppose-tpp-trade-agreement","start":65,"end":77},{"href":"https:\/\/www.agri-pulse.com\/articles\/3475-agriculture-groups-threaten-to-oppose-tpp","start":77,"end":95},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-ilvHNQ8zrs","start":95,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about other countries? Don’t they need jobs?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what does Bernie think we should do?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wrotewrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":5,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ending free trade policies Bernie argues we must Job Creation pageNAFTA","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":27,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-job-creation\/","start":49,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/#NAFTA","start":67,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"founding memberCongressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) adopted various CPC’s position papers principles on trade","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/politics\/article\/Liberal-legislative-caucus-envisions-post-Bush-era-2624238.php","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/cpc-grijalva.house.gov\/","start":16,"end":54},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/International\/Bernie_Sanders_Free_Trade.htm","start":54,"end":91},{"href":"http:\/\/cpc.grijalva.house.gov\/uploads\/Principles%20for%20Trade%20-%20FINAL%202015.05.051.pdf","start":92,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page[:es]","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders sobre el comercio internacional","type":"h1"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders opina que la prioridad principal de cualquier acuerdo comercial debe ser ayudar al trabajador estadounidense. Desafortunadamente, tal como Bernie ha advertido año tras año, la política comercial estadounidense durante los últimos 30 años ha hecho precisamente lo contrario. Las empresas multinacionales — que han ayudado a redactar estos acuerdos — se han beneficiado enormemente mientras millones de empleos estadounidenses han sido enviados al extranjero.","type":"p"},{"type":"nav","links":[{"href":"#mantener-empleos-en-estados-unidos","label":"Mantener Empleos en Estados Unidos","description":"La política comercial estadounidense debe priorizar las necesidades de la pequeña empresa y el trabajador estadounidense."},{"href":"#NAFTA","label":"NAFTA","description":"Bernie se ha opuesto firmemente a los destructivos acuerdos de \"libre comercio\", empezando con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (NAFTA, por sus siglas en inglés) en 1993."},{"href":"#comercio-con-China","label":"Comercio con China","description":"Como con NAFTA, Bernie advirtió en el año 2000 que las Relaciones Comerciales Normales y Permanentes con China la darían ayuda a empresas multinacionales a costa de los trabajadores y el medio ambiente."},{"href":"#acuerdo-transpacífico-de-cooperación-económica","label":"Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica (TPP)","description":"El TPP continúa la tradición de los anteriores acuerdos comerciales pro-empresariales. Carece de salvaguardias para proteger empleos estadounidenses mientras otorga beneficios masivos a las grandes empresas multinacionales."}]},{"text":"Mantener Empleos en Estados Unidos","anchors":[{"name":"mantener-empleos-en-estados-unidos","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie ha declarado — en repetidas ocasiones — que su prioridad principal es asegurar que todos los estadounidenses tengan acceso a trabajos bien remunerados. Por esta razón, él ha sido un líder en el Congreso en la lucha contra los acuerdos de libre comercio que se han negociado durante las últimas tres décadas. Lamentablemente para los trabajadores estadounidenses, las fervientes advertencias de Bernie contra estos acuerdos han resultado correctas, ya que estos acuerdos comerciales han enviado una enorme cantidad de trabajos bien pagados al extranjero y han causado el cierre de decenas de miles de fábricas a lo largo y ancho de nuestro país.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es un acuerdo comercial?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Los acuerdos comerciales son pactos entre países sobre tarifas, aranceles y comercio — en otras palabras, sobre cómo se realizarán los negocios entre los países que firman el acuerdo. Estos pactos suelen incluir algún tipo de inversión, siendo la más común de ellas el acuerdo de libre comercio o preferencial, cuyo objetivo es reducir o eliminar por completo los aranceles, las cuotas y otros tipos de restricciones entre los signatarios.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué está Bernie en contra de la mayoría de los acuerdos comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Él opina que los acuerdos de libre comercio como el NAFTA, el pacto de Relaciones Comerciales Normales y Permanentes con China (PNTR, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Acuerdo de Libre Comercio con Corea del Sur han resultado en el éxodo de demasiados empleos estadounidenses al extranjero.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/explain-north-american-trade-agreement-1712.html","start":52,"end":57},{"href":"http:\/\/lobby.la.psu.edu\/040_PNTR\/frameset_china.html","start":71,"end":126},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":165,"end":208}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En un editorial de opinión en el Huffington Post en mayo de 2015, Bernie explicó:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":6,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Desde 2001, casi 60,000 fábricas en este país han cerrado y hemos perdido más de 4.7 millones de empleos en el sector industrial que pagaban salarios decentes. El NAFTA ha provocado la pérdida de casi 700,000 trabajos. El PNTR con China, 2.7 millones de empleos. Nuestro acuerdo comercial con Corea del Sur ha provocado la pérdida de casi 75,000 empleos. Los acuerdos comerciales malos no son la única razón por la cual los trabajos industriales en Estados Unidos han decrecido, pero son factores importantes.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Es verdad que estos acuerdos comerciales han causado la pérdida de empleos estadounidenses? ¿Dónde está la evidencia?","type":"h3"},{"text":"No necesitas buscar lejos para encontrar evidencia que respalde a Bernie. Aquí se encuentra un estudio del Instituto de Política Económica (EPI, por sus siglas en inglés) que muestra que el NAFTA costó casi 700,000 empleos estadounidenses. Los defensores del NAFTA citan estudios como éste del Servicio de Investigación del Congreso que dice que el efecto neto en la economía estadounidense fue diminuto; sin embargo, este mismo estudio cita el estudio ya mencionado del EPI y explica que \"hay tantos ganadores como perdedores como resultado de los ajustes [de comercio].\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":74,"end":102},{"href":"https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/row\/R42965.pdf","start":271,"end":289}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Esto es precisamente lo que dice Bernie — estos acuerdos comerciales pueden o no ser técnicamente buenos para nuestro PIB nacional, pero benefician a los propietarios de empresas a costa de los trabajadores estadounidenses. Como Bernie dijo en 1993 en el pleno de la Cámara de Representantes, antes de votar en contra del acuerdo: \"El NAFTA puede ser un buen acuerdo para los propietarios de las empresas, pero es un acuerdo malo para los trabajadores estadounidenses, para las familias de agricultores y es malo para el medio ambiente.\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4547588\/rep-bernie-sanders-nafta-bad-deal-american-workers","start":224,"end":240}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Y Bernie se mantiene constante. Aquí está él, más de 20 años después, advirtiendo en contra del Acuerdo Trans-Pacífico (TPP):","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":32,"end":44}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: el TPP es mucho más que un acuerdo de 'libre comercio'. Es parte de la carrera mundial hacia el abismo para aumentar las ganancias de empresas grandes y de Wall Street, enviando trabajos al extranjero; debilitando los derechos de los trabajadores; desmantelando las leyes laborales, ambientales, financieras, alimentarias y de salud; y permitiendo a las empresas desafiar nuestras leyes en tribunales internacionales en vez de en nuestro propio sistema judicial.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Cómo propone Bernie conservar empleos en Estados Unidos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha presentado la Ley de Reconstrucción Estadounidense al Senado, la cual crearía más de 13 millones de empleos bien remunerados invirtiendo $1 billón en nuestra desmoronada infraestructura. Se financiaría con la eliminación de vacíos fiscales y de paraísos fiscales corporativos en el extranjero. Consulta nuestra página sobre la infraestructura para más información.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":21,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":321,"end":352}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Descubre más sobre el plan de Bernie para crear empleos estadounidenses en nuestra página sobre la Economía y Trabajos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":83,"end":118}],"type":"p"},{"text":"NAFTA","anchors":[{"name":"NAFTA","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Estados Unidos no debió promulgar el NAFTA.","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie predijo que el NAFTA — que entró en vigor en 1994 —, eliminaría empleos en Estados Unidos y que beneficiaría solamente a las corporaciones multinacionales.","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué es el NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (NAFTA, por sus siglas en inglés) es un acuerdo trilateral de libre comercio entre Canadá, Estados Unidos, y México. El objetivo de esta ley era eliminar las barreras al comercio y la inversión entre los tres países, principalmente a través de la reducción y eliminación de las tarifas (impuestos sobre los productos importados). Fue promulgada en 1993 y entró en vigor el siguiente año.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":90,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta","start":405,"end":436}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Por qué algunas personas apoyaron el NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"La liberalización del comercio es una política muy popular tanto con los políticos demócratas como con los republicanos. Es muy obvio que eliminar las barreras al comercio incrementa la cantidad de comercio. Los defensores de acuerdos comerciales como el NAFTA argumentan que el incremento del comercio estimula la competencia, la inversión, la innovación y ulteriormente el crecimiento económico. Gary Clyde Hufbauer y Jeffrey J. Schott, , expertos del Instituto Peterson de Economía Internacional y los autores de , dijeron eso en la cita siguiente:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2000\/08\/the-benefits-of-free-trade-a-guide-for-policymakers","start":261,"end":302},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790","start":398,"end":437}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"El NAFTA fue concebido para promover el crecimiento económico estimulando la competencia en el mercado interno y fomentando la inversión de fuentes domésticas y extranjeras. Ha funcionado.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"¿Por qué algunas personas se pronunciaron en contra del NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Muchos grupos laborales, ambientales, religiosos y de consumidores se opusieron al NAFTA, alegando que crearía \"una carrera hacia el abismo en cuanto a salarios, que destruiría cientos de miles de empleos estadounidenses bien remunerados, socavaría el control democrático de la formulación de política doméstica y amenazaría las normas sanitarias, ambientales y de seguridad alimentaria.\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":348,"end":386}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Había una gran preocupación de que el acuerdo podría poner en peligro la soberanía nacional (tal como ocurre ahora con el TPP). Como describió el grupo de defensoría del consumidor Public Citizen, \"el NAFTA contenía 900 páginas de regulaciones de 'talla única' a las que las  de cada país debían ajustarse — sin importar que los electores y sus representantes democráticamente elegidos hubiesen rechazado las mismas leyes anteriormente\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/nafta","start":128,"end":142}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué dijo Bernie sobre el NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie se pronunció en contra del NAFTA, diciendo que este acuerdo de vía rápida con México \"será un desastre para nuestros trabajadores, para nuestros campesinos y para el medio ambiente en general\". En 1993, él dijo que, en su opinión, \"el NAFTA acelerará todas estas tendencias económicas negativas y solamente beneficiará a las élites gobernantes  de Estados Unidos, México y Canadá\".","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=49eJYs8aDbs","start":93,"end":136},{"href":"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/embeds\/239210728\/content","start":304,"end":350}],"type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/standalone\/?c4546198"},{"text":"Cómicamente, Bernie puso a sus compañeros Representantes en la mira cuando introdujo un proyecto de ley que dijo que ― si el NAFTA entra en vigor — los miembros del Congreso tendrían que reducir sus propios sueldos para competir con los políticos de México. Aquí aparece Bernie, presentando el proyecto de ley:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I0XIgEK6heM?rel=0","id":"I0XIgEK6heM"},{"text":"¿Cuáles fueron los resultados del NAFTA?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En 2011, mientras hablaba en el pleno del Senado, Bernie les recordó a sus colegas que el Senador Mitch McConnell (R-KY) insistió en 1993 que \"las empresas estadounidenses no se mudarán a México, sólo para pagar sueldos más bajos\". Bernie entonces señaló cómo, durante los diez años subsecuentes — después de que el NAFTA entrara en vigor — Mattel, Lexmark International, Texas Instruments, General Electric, Tyco Electronics y Levi Strauss despidieron a un total de 3,176 empleados y trasladaron sus maquiladoras a México.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.progressive.org\/news\/2011\/10\/170238\/bernie-sanders-denounces-free-trade-pacts","start":239,"end":254}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Estudios recientes muestran que, debido al NAFTA, se generó una pérdida de más de 680,000. empleos estadounidenses. Un economista dirigente del EPI afirmó lo siguiente sobre los resultados catastróficos del NAFTA:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/heading_south_u-s-mexico_trade_and_job_displacement_after_nafta1\/","start":50,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"El creciente déficit comercial estadounidense con México ha desplazado una gran cantidad de empleos en Estados Unidos y ha contribuido de forma significativa a la crisis actual en el sector industrial estadounidense, el cual ha perdido 5.6 millones de empleos entre febrero de 2000 y febrero de 2011.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Comercio con China","anchors":[{"name":"comercio-con-China","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie opina firmemente que los acuerdos comerciales de la actualidad con China son perjudiciales para el crecimiento del empleo y la equidad de riqueza en Estados Unidos. Refiriéndose específicamente al TPP en 2015, Bernie criticó los acuerdos comerciales con China como \"diseñados para proteger a los intereses de las corporaciones multinacionales más grandes a expensas de los trabajadores, los consumidores, el medio ambiente y los cimientos de la democracia estadounidense\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":224,"end":231}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El creciente déficit comercial con China ha conducido a la pérdida de más de 2 millones de empleos en el sector industrial estadounidense desde 2001.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/hearing-us-china-economic-challenges-trade\/","start":56,"end":122}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Cuál es el historial de Bernie con respecto a la política comercial con China?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Una y otra vez, Bernie ha votado en contra de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. En 1999, Bernie votó en la Cámara de Representantes en contra de conceder a China el estatus de \"País Más Favorecido\". En el año 2000, Bernie votó en contra de las Relaciones Comerciales Normales y Permanentes con China — cuyo propósito era crear empleos, pero al contrario condujo a la pérdida de más de 3 millones de empleos estadounidenses.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/International\/Bernie_Sanders_Free_Trade.htm","start":100,"end":135},{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/2000\/roll228.xml","start":226,"end":240},{"href":"http:\/\/www.budget.senate.gov\/democratic\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases-news?ID=456abc6e-4fa5-49cd-94f6-c04d9b53dd06","start":389,"end":426}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Seamos claros: una de las razones principales por las que la clase media en Estados Unidos está desapareciendo, la pobreza está aumentando y la brecha entre los ricos y todos los demás está creciendo más y más, es debido a nuestra desastrosa e irrestricta política de libre comercio.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Quizás estos acuerdos comerciales no son muy buenos para los estadounidenses, pero ¿no proporcionan millones de empleos para trabajadores chinos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie rechaza firmemente la idea de que la calidad de vida estadounidense debe ser reducida con el fin de ver una mejoría en la calidad de vida en China. En una entrevista en julio de 2015, cuando se le preguntó sobre las consecuencias de estos acuerdos comerciales para trabajadores chinos, Bernie dijo:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/7\/28\/9014491\/bernie-sanders-vox-conversation","start":162,"end":189}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Quiero que las personas en China vivan en una sociedad democrática con una calidad de vida más alta. Quiero eso, pero no creo que eso deba suceder a costa de los trabajadores estadounidenses. No creo que este país tiene que perder empleos que paguen decentemente como resultado de compañías que cierran aquí y se trasladan a China. Quiero que al pueblo chino le vaya bien, pero no quiero ver a la clase media estadounidense colapsar por ello y yo lucharé contra eso tan fuerte como pueda.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué propone Bernie que debemos hacer?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El punto número siete de la agenda presidencial de Bernie es acabar con dichos acuerdos. En vez de aprobar acuerdos similares una y otra vez, Bernie argumenta que debemos  \"desarrollar políticas comerciales que exijan la creación de empleos en este país, no en el extranjero\". Visita nuestra página sobre Creación de Empleo para detalles específicos del plan de Bernie.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":61,"end":87},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/agenda\/","start":142,"end":170},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/bernie-sanders-on-job-creation\/","start":292,"end":323}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adicionalmente, Bernie es un miembro fundador de la Junta Progresista del Congreso (CPC, por sus siglas en inglés) y a veces ha adoptado los documentos de posición del CPC con respecto a acuerdos comerciales. Los principios del CPC sobre el comercio destacan un compromiso para poner al trabajador en primer plano, prevenir la manipulación monetaria y respetar los derechos humanos.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/politics\/article\/Liberal-legislative-caucus-envisions-post-Bush-era-2624238.php","start":29,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/International\/Bernie_Sanders_Free_Trade.htm","start":128,"end":171},{"href":"http:\/\/cpc.grijalva.house.gov\/uploads\/Principles%20for%20Trade%20-%20FINAL%202015.05.051.pdf","start":213,"end":249}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Ve a Bernie discutiendo estos temas en MSNBC:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U2LmSy_hJEA","id":null},{"text":"Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica (TPP)","anchors":[{"name":"acuerdo-transpacífico-de-cooperación-económica","point":0}],"type":"h2"},{"text":"En fechas recientes, Bernie ha sido un fuerte oponente del Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica — también conocido con el Acuerdo Transpacífico o simplemente como el TPP —, argumentando que \"sigue los pasos de otros acuerdos de libre comercio irrestrictos como el NAFTA… [que] han obligado al trabajador estadounidense a competir contra una mano mano de obra desesperada y de bajo costo alrededor del mundo\".","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":183,"end":195}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Exactamente qué es el TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica (TPP) es un acuerdo comercial masivo entre muchos países alrededor del Océano Pacífico, que involucra a 650 millones de personas. Estos países incluyen Australia, Canadá, Chile, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Vietnam. Estos países tendrían la capacidad de comerciar entre sí mucho más libremente, sin tener que pagar fuertes tarifas al gobierno para trasladar mercancía.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-21782080","start":3,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TPP-Map.jpg","type":"img","width":1350,"height":800,"caption":"Fuente","source":"http:\/\/www.chinaustradelawblog.com\/2014\/06\/articles\/trade-negotiations-2\/the-pivot-to-asia-and-the-inevitable-failure-of-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/"},{"text":"Espera un momento. Pensé que su nombre era el TPA, o TAA o algo así.","type":"h3"},{"text":"Hay varios proyectos de ley surcando el Congreso como partes diferentes del acuerdo. En esta explicación, podemos apreciar que el TPP es el tratado comercial central, el TPA (Autoridad de Promoción de Comercio) es la parte del acuerdo de \"vía rápida\" que impide que el Congreso modifique la ley, y el TAA (Asistencia para el Ajuste Comercial) cuya intención es ayudar a los trabajadores que han perdido sus empleos a causa del acuerdo. Datando el 11 de agosto de 2015, más de 90% del TPP había sido negociado.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/kevin-drum\/2015\/06\/tpp-tpa-and-taa-trying-explain-unexplainable","start":88,"end":104},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2015\/08\/10\/top-us-trade-expert-massive-trans-pacific-deal-will-get-done.html","start":476,"end":487}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Refréscame la memoria — ¿cuáles son las desventajas de promulgar reducciones a las barreras comerciales?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Lee sobre NAFTA y el PNTR con China más arriba. Todos los demás acuerdos comerciales han tenido resultados desastrosos para los trabajadores estadounidenses, así que no hay razón para esperar algo diferente esta vez.","links":[{"href":"#NAFTA","start":10,"end":15},{"href":"#trade-with-China","start":18,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Algo más?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Como explica la senadora Elizabeth Warren en este artículo, hay una cláusula en el TPP conocida como \"Arbitraje de Diferencias Inversor-Estado\" (ISDS por sus siglas en inglés) que le permitiría a las empresas presentar demandas contra un gobierno por causar daños a sus ganancias. Esto podría ser fácilmente explotado para inhibir la capacidad de los gobiernos de mantener la seguridad de sus ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. Lo más alarmante es que las demandas serían juzgadas y decididas por abogados corporativos.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/kill-the-dispute-settlement-language-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership\/2015\/02\/25\/ec7705a2-bd1e-11e4-b274-e5209a3bc9a9_story.html","start":42,"end":58},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2015\/03\/26\/people-are-freaking-out-about-the-trans-pacific-partnerships-investor-dispute-settlement-system-why-should-you-care\/","start":469,"end":515}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Espera. Eso suena descabellado. ¿Cómo puede ser eso cierto?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Aquí está la explicación del Representante de Comercio de Estados Unidos:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/about-us\/policy-offices\/press-office\/fact-sheets\/2015\/march\/investor-state-dispute-settlement-isds","start":29,"end":72}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Los gobiernos adoptaron el ISDS por al menos tres razones:","type":"p"},{"text":"Aunque eso parece razonable, la historia de demandas presentadas por empresas hacia gobiernos debido a regulaciones de salud y seguridad son suficiente razón para estar preocupados. Un ejemplo inquietante de esto es la serie de demandas por parte de Philip Morris a diversos gobiernos por todo el mundo por sus regulaciones sobre la venta de cigarrillos. Si tienes 20 minutos, mira a John Oliver desenmascarando graciosa e informativamente esa práctica.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/internationalrelations\/internationallaw\/pages\/tobaccoplainpackaging.aspx","start":216,"end":284},{"href":"https:\/\/www.techdirt.com\/articles\/20150216\/17390930032\/john-oliver-highlights-ridiculousness-corporate-sovereignty-provisions.shtml","start":384,"end":452}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué dice Bernie?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie ha expuesto diez razones por las que él, junto con otros progresistas como Elizabeth Warren, votó en contra el TPP, tres de las cuales se enumeran a continuación:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/politics.nytimes.com\/congress\/votes\/114\/senate\/1\/183","start":100,"end":114}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["El TPP permitiría que las empresas enviaran aún más empleos al extranjero.","Wall Street beneficiaría a costa de todos los demás.","El TPP no tiene fecha de vencimiento, haciéndolo casi imposible de revocar."]},{"text":"Bernie también se opone a la clandestinidad que rodea al TPP:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/the-trans-pacific-trade-tpp-agreement-must-be-defeated?inline=file","start":7,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/06\/11\/politics\/trade-deal-secrecy-tpp\/","start":29,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Si el TPP fuera tan buen acuerdo para Estados Unidos, el gobierno tendría el valor de mostrar al pueblo estadounidense exactamente lo que contiene este acuerdo, en vez de mantenerlo en secreto.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie escribió en un editorial para The Guardian que \"el TPP es justamente la continuación de un enfoque fallido para el comercio — un enfoque que beneficia a grandes empresas multinacionales y a Wall Street, pero que es un desastre para la familia trabajadora.\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":19,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"En 2015, Bernie habló ante el Congreso sobre el TPP:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/J-fawXeTxlE","id":"J-fawXeTxlE"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"¿Pero por qué es tan espeluznante que sea un \"secreto\"?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El TPP se ha mantenido casi enteramente un secreto. El público no ha podido tener acceso al proyecto de ley. El público sólo puede saber lo que ha sido filtrado o explicado por representantes del Congreso. Los miembros del Congreso no pueden copiar o tomar fotos del proyecto de ley y su personal no tienen permitido ver el proyecto. Bernie ha criticado fuertemente esta clandestinidad.","type":"p"},{"text":"En esta carta al Representante de Comercio de Estados Unidos, él dice:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/big.assets.huffingtonpost.com\/sandersustrletter.pdf","start":3,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Me parece incomprensible que los líderes de los grandes intereses corporativos, que tienen mucho que ganar de este acuerdo, estén participando activamente en redactar el TPP mientras al mismo tiempo los oficiales electos de este país, quienes representan el pueblo estadounidense, tienen poco o ningún conocimiento de su contenido.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"También explica su opinión en este video:","type":"p"},{"type":"video","src":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ae4iy0alHCI","id":"ae4iy0alHCI"},{"text":"¿Qué otros grupos se oponen al TPP?","type":"h3"},{"text":"El grupo de sindicatos de AFL-CIO se ha pronunciado en contra del TPP y muchos grupos ambientales, incluyendo la Fundación Sierra, se oponen a la Autoridad de Promoción de Comercio (TPA) de \"vía rápida\". Médicos sin Fronteras opina que el TPP contiene \"reglas que restringirían el acceso a medicamentos asequibles que están salvando millones de vidas\" y exhorta a Estados Unidos y otros países a excluirse del acuerdo.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aflcio.org\/Issues\/Trade\/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP","start":3,"end":33},{"href":"http:\/\/action.sierraclub.org\/site\/DocServer\/Fast_Track_Enviro_Letter_to_114th_Congress.pdf?docID=17141","start":72,"end":129},{"href":"http:\/\/www.doctorswithoutborders.org\/news-stories\/briefing-document\/trading-away-health-trans-pacific-partnership-agreement-tpp","start":204,"end":225}],"type":"p"},{"text":"¿Qué pasa con otros países? ¿Acaso no necesitan empleos?","type":"h3"},{"text":"En su artículo editorial para The Guardian, Bernie escribió:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":30,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"Dos de los países en el TPP son Vietnam y Malasia. En Vietnam el salario mínimo es equivalente a 56 centavos por hora, los sindicatos independientes son ilegales y la gente es encarcelada por expresar sus creencias políticas o por intentar mejorar las condiciones laborales. En Malasia, los trabajadores migrantes que manufacturan productos electrónicos trabajan como esclavos modernos, a quienes se les han confiscado sus pasaportes y sueldos, y no pueden volver a sus países de origen. Los trabajadores estadounidenses no tienen por qué 'competir' contra personas que están obligadas a trabajar en estas condiciones. Esto no es 'libre comercio'; es una carrera hacia el abismo.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Entonces, ¿qué piensa Bernie que debemos hacer?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Por supuesto, sería perjudicial para el país cerrarle las puertas al comercio. Bernie opina que los acuerdos comerciales pueden tener éxito, como escribió en un artículo editorial para el Huffington Post en 2007:","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":188,"end":203}],"type":"p"},{"text":"\"No hay ninguna persona que crea que debemos construir una muralla alrededor de este país. El comercio es algo bueno, pero lo que debemos hacer es negociar acuerdos comerciales justos que reflejen los intereses de familias trabajadoras en Estados Unidos y familias trabajadoras en otros países, y no sólo de enormes empresas multinacionales y de los jefes ejecutivos que ayudan a redactar estos acuerdos comerciales.\"","type":"quote"},{"text":"Bernie reiteró esa idea en su editorial para The Guardian este año: \"El TPP debe ser derrotado, pero nuestra política de comercio debe cambiar en su totalidad para que las empresas comiencen a invertir de nuevo en Estados Unidos y comiencen a crear trabajos aquí, no sólo en China y otros países con salarios bajos.\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/apr\/29\/so-called-free-trade-policies-hurt-us-workers-every-time-we-pass-them","start":46,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"El siguiente pasaje se encuentra en la página senatorial de Bernie: \"Reconstruyendo la infraestructura, transformando el sistema energético de Estados Unidos, reconstruyendo el sector manufacturero, y ayudando a la pequeña empresa a crear empleos son las maneras más efectivas de crear trabajos y ampliar las filas de la clase media.\"","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/rebuilding-the-middle-class","start":36,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Para más información sobre la política económica de Bernie, visita nuestra página sobre la Economía y Trabajos.[:]","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/category\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":60,"end":110}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Workers’ Rights","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights-350x106.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/workers-rights.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Workers’ Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"two or three jobs more than 40 hours a weekpaid vacationsick leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/research.gigaom.com\/2014\/06\/why-do-americans-work-so-much\/","start":17,"end":42},{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2018\/08\/16\/a-shocking-number-of-us-workers-get-no-paid-time-off\/","start":43,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.workingamerica.org\/fixmyjob\/benefits\/no-sick-days","start":56,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"fight raise the minimum wagedecide to form a union real family values","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/fightfor15.org\/about-us\/","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/dem-primaries\/240871-sanders-calls-minimum-wage-a-starvation-wage","start":5,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-summary-?inline=file","start":28,"end":50},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Social\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":51,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair wages","links":[{"href":"#fair-wages","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"#fair-wages","start":3,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","links":[{"href":"#unions","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","links":[{"href":"#worker-co-ops","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","links":[{"href":"#keeping-jobs-in-the-US","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","links":[{"href":"#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":0,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","links":[{"href":"#pension-benefits","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has released a detailed plan, The Workplace Democracy Plan, to strengthen the trade union movement and rebuild the middle class in America once again. He has also released the Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan to give workers an ownership stake in the companies they work for, break up corrupt corporate mergers and monopolies, and finally make corporations pay their fair share. And The Right to a Secure Retirement plan to protect Pensions, and an Income Inequality Tax plan so corporations will invest in their workers, not just dividends, stock buybacks and outrageous compensation packages to their executives.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/workplace-democracy\/","start":37,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/corporate-accountability-and-democracy\/","start":183,"end":226},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/expand-social-security\/","start":401,"end":433},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/income-inequality-tax-plan\/","start":467,"end":488}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Fair Wages","type":"h2"},{"text":"most productive of any major country in the world","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/#worker-productivity-and-inflation","start":0,"end":49}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Center for American Progress","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How many hours do we work compared to the rest of the world?","type":"h3"},{"text":"According to the OECD Gallup poll","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-americans-already-work-longer-hours","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":21,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If Americans are working so much, why are so many stuck in poverty?","type":"h3"},{"text":"work two or three jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we need a higher minimum wage?","type":"h3"},{"text":"wages have stayed relatively flat","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/","start":0,"end":33}],"type":"p"},{"text":"one in nine ripple effect 40 percent of hourly-paid workers are now working more than 40 hours","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/one-in-nine-u-s-workers-are-paid-wages-that-can-leave-them-in-poverty-even-when-working-full-time\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GOqtl53V3JI","start":11,"end":24},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/175286\/hour-workweek-actually-longer-seven-hours.aspx","start":25,"end":93}],"type":"p"},{"text":"make the minimum wage a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/05\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-2020","start":0,"end":35}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Raise the Wage Act statedMinimum Wage article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/edlabor.house.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2019-01-16%20Raise%20the%20Wage%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/press-releases?id=BA9A238D-0EC1-45D9-B9E7-6838F158341B","start":19,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":25,"end":45}],"type":"p"},{"text":"All workers deserve to be paid fairly","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent wage gapsgender racerace within gendersexual orientationcountry of birth","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":20,"end":26},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":26,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":31,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":49,"end":67},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":67,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other workers’ rights does Bernie support that need to be protected?","type":"h3"},{"text":"I’m looking for information about what Bernie has done to support undocumented workers and agricultural laborers.","type":"h3"},{"text":"end the shocking exploitation of workers Immigration Latino Rights Agriculture","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/ciw-online.org\/blog\/2008\/04\/senate_hearing\/","start":0,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-immigration\/","start":41,"end":52},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-latino-rights\/","start":53,"end":66},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-agriculture\/","start":67,"end":78}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Unions","type":"h2"},{"text":"trade unionsStrengthening trade unions is a central part of Bernie's campaign100 percent Pro-Union rating","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.politicususa.com\/2015\/07\/03\/nations-influential-labor-leader-endorsed-bernie-sanders.html","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-labor-union-speech-2020\/","start":13,"end":78},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/scorecard\/legislators\/bernard-sanders","start":78,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["APWU – American Postal Workers Union, representing 250,000 members","ATU – Amalgamated Transit Union, representing 190,000 members","CWA – Communication Workers of America, representing 700,000 members","ILWU – International Longshore and Warehouse Union, representing 5,000 members","NNU - National Nurses United, representing 11,000 members","NUHW – National Union of Healthcare Workers, representing 11,000 members","UE – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, representing 35,900 members"]},{"text":"Chuck JonesLabor for BernieEducators for BernieTeamsters for Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alternet.org\/2019\/04\/labor-leader-who-took-trump-to-task-endorses-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/forms\/labor-for-bernie-2020-pledge?fbclid=IwAR1S8-ryPDEZ17ChtUZkQ7gHmc8lrSfZVVF0Tya54xhUgWY7tGLw6shiXAs","start":11,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EducatorsforBernie2020\/","start":27,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teamsters4Bernie\/","start":47,"end":67}],"type":"p"},{"text":"an AFT event","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aft.org\/news\/aft-town-hall-welcomes-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"endorsements page","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/endorsements-for-bernie-sanders\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do unions feel so strongly about Bernie? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie Sanders 2020first major Presidential campaign to have a unionized workforce. signed their first union contract","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/03\/15\/bernie-sanders-campaign-workers-join-ufcw-local-400\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/15\/us\/politics\/bernie-sanders-staff-unionize.html","start":19,"end":83},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ufcw400.org\/2019\/05\/08\/bernie-sanders-workers-become-first-presidential-campaign-staff-to-ratify-union-contract\/","start":84,"end":117}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What recent strikes has Bernie supported?","type":"h3"},{"text":"United Electrical Union workers at Wabtec Locomotive plant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/bernie-sanders-erie-wabtec\/","start":0,"end":58}],"type":"p"},{"text":"UCLA picket lineAAUP-AFT Rutgers professorsNY Nurses AssociationUFAW Stop and Shop workersstriking grad studentsUber and Lyft drivers","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113253890462494720","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115405346250604548","start":16,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116327760564301825","start":43,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1116417831397199873","start":64,"end":90},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-met-university-of-illinois-chicago-graduate-assistants-strike-20190319-story.html","start":90,"end":112},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/transportation\/442664-bernie-sanders-sides-with-striking-uber-drivers","start":112,"end":133}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the way corporations and CEOs treat their workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"outsourcing jobsclosing plantsmoving to Mexicoexcessive CEO compensationshipping jobs overseas while receiving billions in federal contracts excessive profits to pay its workers a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":16,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":30,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119010216048197635","start":46,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1118995116448993281","start":72,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/04\/29\/bernie-sanders-to-disney-use-avengers-profit-to-pay-workers-better.html?__source=twitter%7Cmain","start":140,"end":190}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sears bankruptcy scheme","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070114026980589570?lang=en","start":0,"end":23}],"type":"p"},{"text":"AmazonWalmartattended the Walmart shareholders meeting in June","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2019-03-11\/bernie-sanders-calls-on-amazon-to-improve-workers-conditions","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/elections\/2019\/06\/04\/bernie-sanders-walmart-minimum-wage-grotesque-and-absurd\/1345549001\/","start":6,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/bernie-sanders-walmart-meeting\/index.html","start":13,"end":62}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what is a union? And what does collective bargaining mean?","type":"h3"},{"text":"bargain collectively","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why do we not see as many union members nowadays?","type":"h3"},{"text":"declinedreasons for declining union membership","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/1542019\/union-membership-in-the-us-keeps-on-falling-like-almost-everywhere-else\/","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190503053429\/https:\/\/psmag.com\/economics\/what-caused-the-decline-of-unions-in-america","start":8,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"participation declinesincome inequality has risenunions weaken, so does the middle classCenter for American ProgressDollar for dollar, strengthening unions is nearly as important to the middle class as boosting college-graduation rates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/news\/union-membership-declines-inequality-rises\/","start":0,"end":22},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/union-decline-rising-inequality-charts\/","start":22,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/united-states\/2018\/07\/19\/how-the-decline-of-unions-will-change-america","start":49,"end":88},{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/news\/2012\/09\/12\/37761\/unions-are-necessary-to-rebuilding-our-middle-class\/","start":88,"end":116},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":116,"end":235}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie has said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115300627796713475","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"graph","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/labor\/report\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"http:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2012\/01\/img\/unions_chart1.jpg","type":"img","width":511,"height":493},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanprogressaction.org\/issues\/economy\/reports\/2012\/01\/25\/10913\/unions-make-democracy-work-for-the-middle-class\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about efforts to weaken and undermine unions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"We will expand and strengthen the trade union movement.","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1115413988937019397","start":0,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How can Bernie use the National Labor Relations Board to help workers? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"National Labor Relations Board","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nlrb.gov\/about-nlrb\/what-we-do","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"appointees to the NLRB","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/chamber-of-commerce-pushes-trump-to-reverse-nrlb-policies","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"SpeakingWorkplace Democracy Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/ucommblog.com\/section\/national-politics\/senator-sanders-introduces-bill-strengthen-unions","start":8,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What are right-to-work laws and how do they affect unions? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"\"right-to-work\" laws27 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/made-by-history\/wp\/2018\/04\/24\/the-right-to-work-really-means-the-right-to-work-for-less\/?utm_term=.702acb15fb01","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/labor-and-employment\/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx","start":20,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Janus Decision48,598 public sector employees stopped paying union dues","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/27\/17509460\/supreme-court-janus-afscme-public-sector-union-alito-kagan-dissent","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/how-the-janus-decision-affected-union-workers-in-california_2871319.html","start":14,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"$1,500 less per yearthe worst pay gaps between men and womenSafety standards are lower in right-to-work statesdiscrimination claims filed with the EEOC are 36% higher","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":20,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/2012\/RTW-101.pdf","start":60,"end":110},{"href":"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/issues\/right-work","start":110,"end":166}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What would Bernie’s Workplace Democracy Act do help workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Workplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws he reintroduced the billintroduced the bill againBernie’s platform in 2020","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":24,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":44,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/pocan.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/pocan-and-sanders-lead-democrats-in-introducing-workplace-democracy-act","start":69,"end":94},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":94,"end":119}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["repeal right-to-work laws","return to the card check system for union certification","penalize employers who fire workers for union organizing","restore union members’ freedom of speech","curb the power of union-busters"]},{"text":"Speaking beforeBernie said","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cnycentral\/videos\/vb.81562815381\/359871921540816\/?type=2&theater","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/nhlabornews.com\/2019\/04\/sanders-calls-for-national-ban-on-right-to-work-presses-candidates-to-stand-with-unions\/","start":15,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent press release","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/teamster.org\/news\/2018\/05\/teamsters-back-legislation-beefing-collective-bargaining-organizing-rules","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What other union friendly policy proposals does Bernie support?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Reward Work Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/915\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Co-ops","type":"h2"},{"text":"I’ve heard Bernie mention worker co-ops. What are those?","type":"h3"},{"text":"400 worker-owned cooperativeslarger enterprises","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/community-wealth.org\/content\/worker-cooperatives","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"https:\/\/www.yesmagazine.org\/issues\/the-end-of-poverty\/how-america-s-largest-worker-owned-co-op-lifts-people-out-of-poverty","start":29,"end":47}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Can employee owned businesses really succeed?","type":"h3"},{"text":"many successful casesworker-owned businessesstudies suggestworker co-opsproductiveconvert businesses to worker owned enterprises","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/sean-mcelwee\/when-workers-own-their-co_b_5682470.html","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nceo.org\/articles\/employee-ownership-100","start":22,"end":45},{"href":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160328062302\/http:\/\/coop.econ.iastate.edu\/presentations_publications\/businessownership.pdf","start":45,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/institute.coop\/","start":60,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/worker-cooperatives-are-more-productive-than-normal-companies\/","start":73,"end":83},{"href":"https:\/\/www.project-equity.org","start":83,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How has Bernie tried to advance employee ownership of their workplaces?","type":"h3"},{"text":"20142017United States Employee Ownership Bank Acthelp workers purchase businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2411\/","start":0,"end":4},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/1082","start":4,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/115\/bills\/s1082\/BILLS-115s1082is.pdf","start":8,"end":49},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":49,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Worker Ownership, Readiness, and Knowledge Actprovide loans and general support to worker-owned businesses","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s2412\/summary","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":46,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The WORK Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/legislative-package-introduced-to-encourage-employee-owned-companies","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said in a statement","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-promotes-employee-ownership-as-alternative-to-greedy-corporations","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keeping Jobs in the U.S.","type":"h2"},{"text":"What is a free trade agreement?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Free tradenot the same thingFair tradeBernie supports","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons-3305845","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/trade-vs-fair-trade-1683.html","start":10,"end":28},{"href":"https:\/\/www.fairtrade.net\/","start":28,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/fair-trade_b_67322.html","start":38,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie oppose most trade agreements? ","type":"h3"},{"text":"the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA (PNTR to China U.S.-Korea Free Trade AgreementAmerican jobs to move overseas","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/nafta-legacy-growing-us-trade-deficits-cost-682900-jobs\/","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2013\/01\/07\/1407861\/study-finds-free-trade-with-china-lowered-american-manufacturing-by-296-percent\/","start":47,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/korea-trade-deal-resulted-growing-trade\/","start":62,"end":93},{"href":"https:\/\/bfi.uchicago.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/WP_2018-20.pdf","start":94,"end":124}],"type":"p"},{"text":"May 2019 op-ed","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/the-tpp-must-be-defeated_b_7352166.html","start":0,"end":14}],"type":"p"},{"text":"massive job lossesenvironmentalchild laborefforts to unionizeviolencerepressionharsh measures against employeesfactories closecan do nothingwatch as jobs disappearforced to train their replacements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264111905-8-en.pdf?expires=1558282260&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=575E9717D8E4D0C264700CD44D114F54","start":0,"end":18},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/15\/world\/asia\/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html?ref=global-home&_r=0","start":18,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/13\/business\/international-business-nike-pledges-to-end-child-labor-and-apply-us-rules-abroad.html?mtrref=duckduckgo.com&gwh=B2EFD728CD73350892E4A2B39E9650B8&gwt=pay","start":31,"end":42},{"href":"http:\/\/isdp.eu\/publication\/collective-bargaining-new-hope-china\/","start":42,"end":61},{"href":"http:\/\/www.industriall-union.org\/global-unions-condemn-anti-union-violence-in-colombia","start":61,"end":69},{"href":"https:\/\/labornotes.org\/2018\/09\/effort-form-union-china-meets-ferocious-repression","start":69,"end":79},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ituc-csi.org\/IMG\/pdf\/ituc-global-rights-index-2018-en-final-2.pdf","start":79,"end":111},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2016\/03\/08\/should-we-blame-trade-agreements-for-loss-of-jobs\/#686b7c06210d","start":111,"end":126},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/03\/29\/news\/economy\/us-manufacturing-jobs\/","start":126,"end":140},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/nafta-at-20-one-million-u_b_4550207","start":140,"end":163},{"href":"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-4037392\/Disney-fired-250-American-workers-replaced-Indian-staff-visas-suit-says.html","start":163,"end":197}],"type":"p"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"speech at Westminster College","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2017\/9\/21\/16345600\/bernie-sanders-full-text-transcript-foreign-policy-speech-westminster","start":1,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than opposing free trade agreements, how does Bernie plan to keep jobs in the U.S.?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Made in America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/senate-bill\/2865\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"his 2019 planguarantee every American a jobsimilar work guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":13,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":43,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":51,"end":70}],"type":"p"},{"text":"introducedWorkplace Democracy Act ban anti-union laws Workplace Democracy Actre-introduced the bill","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2018\/may\/09\/bernie-sanders-workplace-democracy-act-unions-teachers-strikes","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/workplace-democracy-act-2018?inline=file","start":10,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/www.courthousenews.com\/bernie-sanders-calls-for-ban-on-anti-union-laws\/","start":34,"end":53},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ranknfile-ue.org\/polactwd.html","start":53,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/106\/hr1277","start":77,"end":99}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Allowing Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Officers bill 2011 amendment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12440\/32950\/27110\/allowing-collective-bargaining-for-public-safety-officers#.VbVLIUJViko","start":0,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/bill\/12683\/33439\/27110\/prohibiting-transportation-security-administration-employees-from-collective-bargaining#.VbVLI0JViko","start":63,"end":77}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joinedBlueprint to Rebuild America’s Infrastructure introducedRebuild America Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/-sanders-joins-senate-leaders-to-unveil-1-trillion-infrastructure-plan","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.democrats.senate.gov\/\/files\/documents\/ABlueprinttoRebuildAmericasInfrastructure1.24.17.pdf","start":6,"end":51},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/114\/s268","start":52,"end":62},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-proposes-roads-and-jobs-bill","start":62,"end":81}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Here’s2015 Rebuild America Act ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PmvVZ5wAAa4","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-introduces-bill-to-rebuild-americas-crumbling-infrastructure-support-13-million-jobs","start":6,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Infrastructure pageYouth Employment pageTrade issue page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-infrastructure\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","start":19,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-trade\/","start":40,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economy and Jobs page","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-the-economy-and-jobs\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave, Sick Leave and Vacation","type":"h2"},{"text":"Paid Family Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"Center for American Progress study parental leave benefit","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdn.americanprogress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/issues\/2010\/01\/pdf\/threefaces.pdf","start":0,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/20somethingfinance.com\/american-paternity-maternity-leave\/","start":34,"end":56}],"type":"p"},{"text":"supports paid family leave","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/berniesanders\/posts\/its-time-for-real-family-values-in-this-country-its-time-we-guarantee-paid-famil\/1691174160937581\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"says","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c4540662\/bernie-sanders-family-values-agenda","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Why does Bernie think paid time off after pregnancy is so important?","type":"h4"},{"text":"majority of psychologists wrote substantial benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu\/medicalcenter\/healthtips\/20100114_infant-bonding.html","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":26,"end":31},{"href":"http:\/\/www.iwpr.org\/publications\/pubs\/paid-parental-leave-in-the-united-states-what-the-data-tell-us-about-access-usage-and-economic-and-health-benefits","start":32,"end":52}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The United Statesonly a handful of countriesdoes not mandateOther countries with no maternity leave laws aresurvey of 152 countries","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/qz.com\/167163\/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america\/","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/10\/06\/495839588\/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave","start":17,"end":44},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/family-leave-in-the-us-an_b_7543298","start":44,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parental_leave#cite_note-6","start":60,"end":108},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/media-centre\/press-releases\/WCMS_008009\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":108,"end":131}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"cosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":9,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"FAMILY Act$1.61 for three months","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/fmla\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/ballot-box\/presidential-races\/265228-sanders-pushes-paid-family-leave-legislation","start":10,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Paid Vacation","type":"h3"},{"text":"I have paid vacation time — so do a lot of people I know. How many Americans actually get no paid vacation?","type":"h4"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/lower-pay-less-holidays.png","type":"img","width":570,"height":399},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/enjoy-labor-day-if-youre-lucky-enough-to-get-paid-holidays_n_5b8c1758e4b0162f4724ac68","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What’s Bernie doing about paid vacation time?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/floor-action\/senate\/244780-sanders-pushes-for-paid-vacation-days","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"many workers go to work sick","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/01\/20\/news\/economy\/paid-sick-leave\/","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What do other countries do?","type":"h4"},{"text":"Americans also work more","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/average-annual-hours-worked-for-americans-vs-the-rest-of-the-world-2013-8","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/resizer\/4x9fGBPjxXvzzlkgIH_7dvOIEZo=\/638x0\/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/GY6TAXSWFI6KJNBYPZZFLNU7SE.jpg","type":"img","width":638,"height":430},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2013\/05\/27\/america-is-the-only-rich-country-that-doesnt-guarantee-paid-vacation-or-holidays\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sick Leave","type":"h3"},{"text":"only developed country","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/economy\/2015\/01\/14\/3611842\/obama-paid-sick-days\/","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How about paid time off to take care of sick loved ones? And when you’re sick yourself?","type":"h4"},{"text":"believes","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"That’s fair. I don’t want to work when I’m feeling sick. What’s Bernie doing about it?","type":"h4"},{"text":"supporting various efforts","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/time-to-support-real-family-values\/","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pension Benefits","type":"h2"},{"text":"multiemployer pension benefits programs Bernie believes","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":39},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IrruQYzRNKQ","start":39,"end":54}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is a multi-employer benefits program?","type":"h3"},{"text":"multi-employer benefits program workers’ unions collective bargaining","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ebri.org\/pdf\/publications\/books\/fundamentals\/fund14.pdf","start":0,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#unions-and-worker-co-ops","start":32,"end":47},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/dol\/topic\/labor-relations\/collbargaining.htm","start":48,"end":69}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What exactly is the problem?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Omnibus Spending Law (H.R.83)In 2012 by 60 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/house-bill\/83","start":0,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/ebsa\/pdf\/2012pensionplanbulletin.pdf","start":30,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pensionrights.org\/issues\/legislation\/summary-pension-cutback-provisions-omnibus-spending-law","start":37,"end":50}],"type":"p"},{"text":"partially protected grievously affected","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2014\/12\/12\/retirement\/pension-cuts\/","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/she-the-people\/wp\/2014\/12\/18\/pension-cuts-helped-keep-the-government-open-but-they-hurt-many-retired-women\/","start":20,"end":39}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Wow, that is really unfair! Why is this happening?","type":"h3"},{"text":"shortfall of over $1 trillion. The companies and states that were supposed to pay into the funds had not paid in enough money to payout the benefits they promised to their workers.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":0,"end":30}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/si.wsj.net\/public\/resources\/images\/NA-CD885_PENSIO_9U_20141214182107.jpg","type":"img","width":700,"height":738},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pension-change-seen-as-setting-a-precedent-1418586647","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Where did all this pension money go?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Many economists agree shift their budgets top-level executives","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/anti-pension-campaigners-fuzzy-math-data\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2015\/07\/14\/retirement\/worst-state-pensions\/","start":21,"end":40},{"href":"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/executive-pensions-are-swelling-at-top-companies-1427241963","start":41,"end":61}],"type":"p"},{"text":"This sounds like a serious problem. What has Bernie said about this?","type":"h3"},{"text":"saying","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/senate\/226802-sanders-will-oppose-1-trillion-omnibus","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA) ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/1631\/text","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"questionnaire administered","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.aft.org\/election2016\/candidate-questionnaire-bernie-sanders","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"}]},{"type":"page","title":"Youth Employment","url":"\/bernie-sanders-on-youth-employment\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b-350x272.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/6641732305_c4a9cb2891_b.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Youth Employment","type":"h1"},{"text":"4.5 million young people Unemploymenthigher than any other demographicunderemployedhave the opportunity","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":0,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":25,"end":37},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/bb\/unemployment-rates-higher-young-people-minorities\/","start":38,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":71,"end":84},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/youth-education-employment\/","start":84,"end":104}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities and Trainingdisconnected young people","links":[{"href":"#job-opportunities-and-training","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/measureofamerica.org\/disconnected-youth\/","start":30,"end":55}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Access to Education","links":[{"href":"#access-to-education","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","links":[{"href":"#criminal-justice-system-overhaul","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","links":[{"href":"#immigration-reform","start":0,"end":18}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Job Opportunities & Training","type":"h2"},{"text":"How bad is the job situation for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"crisis in youth unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unemployment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":12}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/unemployment-rates-age.png","type":"img","width":1240,"height":1200},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"stagnant","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":8}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/11933.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1171},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"underemployed","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":13}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/files\/charts\/img\/131762-16346.png","type":"img","width":1216,"height":1152},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/chart\/underemployment-underemployment-rate-of-young-high-school-graduates-by-race-and-ethnicity-2000-2017\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to Invest in Jobs and Job Training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"twice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2018\/unemployment-rate-2-point-7-percent-for-people-ages-45-to-54-8-point-3-percent-for-ages-16-to-24-in-october-2018.htm","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"leader in the Fight for 15cosponsors the 2019 Raise The Wage Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iqAM5K_yXPY","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/raise-the-wage-act-of-2019?id=48B66B6B-34E4-4149-BC0D-62CF888E4C4A&download=1&inline=file","start":26,"end":64}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Youth Jobs Acthad this to say Employ Young Americans Now Actone million jobs $1.5 billion for job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-113s1170is\/pdf\/BILLS-113s1170is.pdf","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-youth-jobs-plan-advances-in-senate","start":15,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactbill?inline=file","start":30,"end":60},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/060415-employamericansnowactfactsheet?inline=file","start":61,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":77,"end":106}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"$74 billionsaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/insights\/the-economics-of-the-american-prison-system","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2015-06-04\/bernie-sanders-let-s-spend-5-5-billion-to-employ-1-million-young-people","start":11,"end":15}],"type":"p"},{"text":"editorial about the epidemic of youth unemploymentproactive plan $5.5 billion for substantial job training","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":0,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2017\/08\/01\/sanders-introduces-bill-aimed-ending-tragic-youth-unemployment-crisis","start":50,"end":64},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":64,"end":105}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What else has Bernie done to create jobs and improve job training for young people?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Employ Young Americans Now Actbill2018 plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/employ-young-americans-act-factsheet?inline=file","start":30,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/183121\/bernie-sanders-youth-jobs-bill-unemployment","start":34,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a planguarantee a job for every Americansimilarwork guarantee plan","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/jobs-for-all\/","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/beta.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/04\/23\/bernie-sanders-to-unveil-plan-to-guarantee-every-american-a-job\/%3foutputType=amp","start":6,"end":40},{"href":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.nationalreview.com\/2018\/05\/bernie-sanders-employment-plan-fetishizes-labor\/amp\/","start":40,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/25\/opinion\/sanders-booker-gillibrand-humphrey-hawkins.html","start":47,"end":66}],"type":"p"},{"text":"joined offering paid internshipssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/payourinterns\/status\/1126129740216197121","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/2020-presidential-campaigns-pay-interns_n_5cd2ce47e4b0e524a47dad45","start":8,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1126177544372461569","start":33,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"why young voters love Bernie","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/02\/why-americas-youth-loves-bernie-213615","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Increase Access to Education","type":"h2"},{"text":"I know people who have done quite well without a college degree. Is higher education really that important?","type":"h3"},{"text":"researched","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":1,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"their analysis found","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/27\/upshot\/is-college-worth-it-clearly-new-data-say.html?abt=0002&abg=0","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bureau of Labor Statistics chart","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm","start":0,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/images\/ep_chart_001.png","type":"img","width":2400,"height":1500},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.oecd.org\/edu\/innovation-education\/37425753.pdf","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"recent study71 percent higher lifetime earningswealthier backgrounds","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Yes-College-Is-Worth\/243450","start":12,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/research.upjohn.org\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1302&context=up_workingpapers","start":47,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"widespread wage stagnationall young people","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/college-degrees-are-not-the-solution-to-stagnating-wages-or-inequality\/","start":0,"end":26},{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/charting-wage-stagnation\/","start":26,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How much does a college education cost?","type":"h3"},{"text":"full-time for an entire year","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/122814\/how-many-hours-would-it-take-you-work-todays-college-tuition","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/college-tuition-chart-1lossyz.jpg","type":"img","width":555,"height":261},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/smokesignalnews.net\/7764\/student-life\/college-then-vs-now\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"don’t blame it on inflation here","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/attn\/videos\/vl.1600964693498052\/876345109067616\/?type=1","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":28,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to make college more affordable?","type":"h3"},{"text":"College for All Act20152017proposed would ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/college-for-all-act?inline=file","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":20,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/college-for-all-act-introduced","start":24,"end":28},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/download\/collegeforallsummary\/?inline=file","start":28,"end":36},{"href":"http:\/\/college.usatoday.com\/2015\/05\/19\/bernie-sanders-issues-bill-to-make-4-year-colleges-tuition-free\/","start":36,"end":41},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":42,"end":43}],"type":"p"},{"text":"explain the case for tuition free college","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/senatorsanders\/videos\/the-case-for-tuition-free-college\/10155504103567908\/","start":0,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Kids can’t get to college without quality education in early childhood. What has Bernie done to improve access to early childhood education?","type":"h3"},{"text":"has called","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radioiowa.com\/2015\/07\/25\/sanders-says-lack-of-pre-k-in-us-is-disgraceful\/","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"spoke to the importanceEducationChildren","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/sanders-testifies-on-education","start":0,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/","start":24,"end":33},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-children\/","start":33,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice System Overhaul","type":"h2"},{"text":"over policing809,700 people under 18four times more likely to be arrested most common criminal offenses for young peopleThis map pie chart below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2019\/02\/26\/young-americans-are-more-likely-to-be-arrested-than-previous-generations\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ojjdp.gov\/ojstatbb\/crime\/qa05101.asp","start":13,"end":36},{"href":"https:\/\/www.studyfinds.org\/young-americans-more-likely-arrested-older-adults\/","start":36,"end":73},{"href":"https:\/\/www.globalyouthjustice.org\/resources\/top-25-crimes\/","start":74,"end":120},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/juvenile-justice\/youth-incarceration\/americas-addiction-juvenile-incarceration-state-state","start":120,"end":128},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/youth2018.html","start":129,"end":144}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/images\/youthpie_2018.png","type":"img","width":1024,"height":768},{"text":"Blacks and Latinos are incarcerated at a higher rateeffect on labor force participationlimiting job opportunities","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/04\/30\/shrinking-gap-between-number-of-blacks-and-whites-in-prison\/ft_18-01-10_prisonracegaps_2\/","start":0,"end":52},{"href":"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2892&context=articles","start":52,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":87,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/FT_18.01.10_PrisonRaceGaps_2.png","type":"img","width":310,"height":491},{"text":"field studygraph below","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/","start":11,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/bin\/nihms-439026-f0001.jpg","type":"img","width":725,"height":486},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"reportsBLS reportBlack men","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/ted\/2019\/employment-of-young-men-after-arrest-or-incarceration.htm","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p13.pdf","start":17,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/news\/press\/2019\/02\/25.html","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"video ","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cGFdIEZRH5k","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2013 report by the Sentencing Project","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_ICCPR%20Race%20and%20Justice%20Shadow%20Report.pdf","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"criminal records","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/blog\/just-facts-many-americans-have-criminal-records-college-diplomas","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"affects many things barriers to certain jobsability to secure financial aidpublic housing and Section 8screened out","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0011128718787514","start":0,"end":19},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cheatsheet.com\/money-career\/jobs-criminal-record.html\/","start":19,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/03\/07\/higher-ed-groups-want-end-student-aid-restrictions-applicants-drug-convictions","start":44,"end":75},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nhlp.org\/files\/Fact%20sheet%20for%20potential%20tenants%20-%20AC(final).pdf","start":75,"end":103},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2004\/usa1104\/9.htm","start":103,"end":115}],"type":"p"},{"text":"So what would Bernie do instead?","type":"h3"},{"text":"long time critic of mass incarcerationinequities in the criminal justice system","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2019\/2\/27\/18240474\/bernie-sanders-mass-incarceration-president-campaign","start":0,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/14\/bernie-sanders-criminal-justice-reform\/","start":38,"end":79}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Criminal Justice","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-criminal-justice-category\/","start":0,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Immigration Reform","type":"h2"},{"text":"Bernie has saidbelievesdoesn’t believe","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/immigration-reform","start":0,"end":15},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":15,"end":23},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/bernie-sanders-tells-latinos-he-bacsk-immigration-reform-naleo-n378691","start":23,"end":38}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How does immigration reform relate to youth employment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"How do we bring these undocumented kids out of the shadows?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2009","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/senate-bill\/729","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"conditional resident statuscertain requirements","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nafsa.org\/uploadedFiles\/NAFSA_Home\/Resource_Library_Assets\/Public_Policy\/DREAM%20ActQA510.pdf","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.nilc.org\/issues\/immigration-reform-and-executive-actions\/dream-act-2017-summary-and-faq\/","start":28,"end":48}],"type":"p"},{"text":" ","type":"p"},{"text":"2015 speechIn the same speech he would use executive powers","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.latintimes.com\/bernie-sanders-immigration-read-full-speech-presidential-candidates-address-naleo-324484","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086","start":12,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/19\/bernie-sanders-immigration_n_7624086.html","start":30,"end":59}],"type":"p"},{"text":"creating a path","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEIyanJAvG8","start":0,"end":15}],"type":"p"}]}]},{"type":"page","title":"Women's Rights","url":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/","image_url_thumb":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k-350x228.jpg","image_url_full":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16923709186_fc6bd2009b_k.jpg","content":[{"text":"Bernie Sanders on Women’s Rights","type":"h1"},{"text":"addresses discrimination and pay equity, and workplace harassment100% ratingNARALPlanned Parenthood Action Fund","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/05\/08\/721560528\/sanders-campaign-workers-ratify-union-contract","start":0,"end":65},{"href":"https:\/\/votesmart.org\/candidate\/evaluations\/27110\/bernie-sanders#.XNa8aqSxU2w","start":65,"end":76},{"href":"https:\/\/www.prochoiceamerica.org\/about\/","start":76,"end":81},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/","start":81,"end":111}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","links":[{"href":"#sexual-reproductive-health","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","links":[{"href":"#pay-equity","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence","links":[{"href":"#sexual-and-domestic-violence","start":0,"end":28}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","links":[{"href":"#equal-rights-amendment","start":0,"end":22}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual & Reproductive Health","type":"h2"},{"text":"wrote","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rep-bernie-sanders\/united-against-the-war-on_b_1464730.html","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored the Freedom of Choice Act","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d103:HR00025:@@@P","start":0,"end":37}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There has been a lot of legislation in recent years that is an attack on a women’s rights to control their own bodies.","type":"h3"},{"text":"unprecedented wave of state-level abortion restrictions Hyde AmendmentHyde amendment","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/gpr\/17\/1\/gpr170109.html","start":0,"end":55},{"href":"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/pubs\/sfaa\/south_dakota.html","start":55,"end":56},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":56,"end":70},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/access-denied-origins-hyde-amendment-and-other-restrictions-public-funding-abortion","start":70,"end":84}],"type":"p"},{"type":"list","list":["Fetal heartbeat bills restrict abortions at six or eight weeks during pregnancy, when many women do not know they are pregnant. ","Alabama law criminalizes performing an abortions with a 99 year sentence for doctors who are responsible for terminating a pregnancy. ","South Dakota requires state-directed counseling then a 72 hour waiting period before permitting an abortion procedure. ","South Dakota law, limits public funding for an abortion only if the mother’s life in endangered, not for cases of rape or incest.","“Trigger laws” that have been passed in some states will automatically make abortion illegal if Roe v. Wade is overturned and the decision to ban abortion is given to states "]},{"text":"many parts of the U.S","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2018\/5\/e186\/","start":0,"end":21}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/screen-shot-2018-05-14-at-12-47-52-pm1.png","type":"img","width":627,"height":304},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"must travel 318 miles72 hour waiting period1–2 week follow up examination","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2018\/05\/this-map-depicts-abortion-access-across-america-and-its-really-bleak\/","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-abortion-southdakota-idUSBRE92711L20130308","start":21,"end":43},{"href":"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthood.org\/health-center\/south-dakota\/sioux-falls\/57106\/sioux-falls-clinic-2738-90720\/abortion","start":43,"end":73}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie actually accomplished as far as pro-choice legislation?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Women’s Health Protection Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":29}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Freedom of Choice Acttravel interstate  federal funding of organizationsfamily planningWomen’s Health Protection Act of 2013voted against defining an unborn child as eligible","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/00025\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":21},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Bernie_Sanders.htm#Abortion","start":21,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/2016\/Bernie_Sanders_Abortion.htm","start":39,"end":71},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/110th-congress\/senate-bill\/00021\/cosponsors","start":72,"end":87},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/113th-congress\/senate-bill\/1696\/cosponsors","start":87,"end":124},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/SenateVote\/Party_08-S081.htm","start":124,"end":174}],"type":"p"},{"text":"only nominate Supreme Court Justices who support Roe v. Wade","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/444448-sanders-pledges-to-only-nominate-scotus-justices-that-support-roe-v-wade","start":0,"end":60}],"type":"p"},{"text":"But doesn’t Bernie want to reduce the number of abortions?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Surveys show  42.4% of abortions in 2008poverty is highly correlated teenage pregnancy.","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/content\/pdf\/1472-6874-13-29.pdf","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/greenjournal\/Fulltext\/2011\/06000\/Changes_in_Abortion_Rates_Betweeen_2000_and_2008.14.aspx","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/media\/nr\/2010\/05\/04\/index.html","start":40,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/sites\/fhop.ucsf.edu\/files\/wysiwyg\/Teen%20pregnancy%20prevention-%20Current%20Perspectives%202012.pdf","start":69,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"75% of women who have abortions are low-incomefar-reaching socioeconomic consequences,2018 study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/nearly-half-of-women-who-have-abortions-live-below-in-the-federal-poverty-level-2019-05-17","start":0,"end":46},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":46,"end":86},{"href":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304247","start":86,"end":96}],"type":"p"},{"text":"a living wageMedicare for Allpaid maternity and paternity leaveend the gender pay gapfree public higher education","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-healthcare\/#universal-health-care","start":13,"end":29},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-workers-rights\/#paid-family-and-sick-leave-plus-vacation","start":29,"end":63},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-womens-rights\/#pay-equity","start":63,"end":85},{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-education\/#college-tuition","start":85,"end":113}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Bernie is pro-choice. Where does he stand on access to contraceptives?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Prevention First Actexpand funding for family planning and access to contraceptives","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/111\/s21","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/Notebook\/Note_2009-S21.htm","start":20,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Pay Equity","type":"h2"},{"text":"persistent wage gaps gender racerace within gendersexual orientationimmigrant v. U.S. born","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":20},{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":21,"end":27},{"href":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0038-4941.2003.08404007.x\/abstract","start":27,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/data\/gender-pay-gap","start":32,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debtfreeguys\/2017\/11\/30\/prudential-lgbt-survey-reveals-sexual-orientation-pay-gap\/#65d7fd641916","start":50,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/19\/news\/economy\/us-immigrant-economy\/index.html","start":68,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What is the Gender Wage Gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"persistent pay gap exists39 extra dayssaid","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GenderGap.html","start":11,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2019\/03\/22\/gender-pay-gap-facts\/","start":25,"end":38},{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/berniesanders\/status\/1070077825921794049?lang=en","start":38,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but wait—there’s no guarantee that those workers have the same job. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with the jobs and situations of workers?","type":"h3"},{"text":"2003 report","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":11}],"type":"p"},{"text":"J. and D. O’NeillWashington Post","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w11240.pdf","start":0,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/fact-checker\/wp\/2015\/04\/02\/the-equal-pay-day-factoid-that-women-make-78-cents-for-every-dollar-earned-by-men\/","start":17,"end":32}],"type":"p"},{"text":"How is the pay gap calculated?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"real median earnings","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2018\/demo\/p60-263.html","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"There is also a race wage gap within the gender wage gap.","type":"h3"},{"text":"BLS report","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat37.htm","start":0,"end":10}],"type":"p"},{"text":"The wage gap is probably even worseNearly one quarter","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":35},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/reports\/womens-databook\/2018\/home.htm","start":35,"end":53}],"type":"p"},{"text":"worldwideEuropewidely underestimated","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/earnwage\/gender-wage-gap.htm","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Gender_pay_gap_statistics","start":9,"end":15},{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/about-the-ilo\/multimedia\/maps-and-charts\/enhanced\/WCMS_650829\/lang--en\/index.htm","start":15,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Pay article","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":0,"end":17}],"type":"p"},{"text":"OK, but this doesn’t seem to control for other factors. Is this a problem with employers paying unequally, or with workers’ specific situations?","type":"h3"},{"text":"report GAO reportleaving the workforce temporarilyearnings 39% lower","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/new.items\/d0435.pdf","start":7,"end":17},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":17,"end":50},{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/publications\/still-mans-labor-market\/","start":50,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Adjusting for all variables that may account for the lack of parity in wages still doesn’t fully explain away the gender wage gap","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/what-is-the-gender-pay-gap-and-is-it-real\/#epi-toc-9","start":0,"end":129}],"type":"p"},{"text":"study","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":5}],"type":"p"},{"text":"mapgender pay gap by state","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":0,"end":3},{"href":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/what-we-do\/public-policy\/aauw-issues\/gender-pay-gap\/","start":3,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/www.aauw.org\/files\/2016\/09\/PayGapMapShareable.jpg","type":"img","width":600,"height":503},{"text":"report by the Joint Economic Council","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"8 percent","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w21913.pdf","start":0,"end":9}],"type":"p"},{"text":"If the gap due to discrimination is just 8 percent, what’s the concern?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Social Security benefits","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/9118a9ef-0771-4777-9c1f-8232fe70a45c\/compendium---sans-appendix.pdf","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"2017 Pew Research Center survey","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/","start":0,"end":31}],"type":"p"},{"text":"One study estimates","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Other than discrimination, what factors show women are paid less?","type":"h3"},{"text":"realityrun the household and be responsible for child-rearing dutieswomen who do most of this very important, uncompensated workreduced schedulesflexible work schedules2 or 3 jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/ft_19-03-22_genderpaygap_mothersmorethanfathers\/","start":0,"end":7},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":7,"end":68},{"href":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dev\/development-gender\/Unpaid_care_work.pdf","start":68,"end":128},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":128,"end":145},{"href":"https:\/\/familiesandwork.org\/site\/research\/reports\/www_us_workflex.pdf","start":145,"end":168},{"href":"https:\/\/nwlc.org\/blog\/4-3-million-women-work-multiple-jobs-to-make-ends-meet\/","start":168,"end":179}],"type":"p"},{"text":"flexible workreduces work opportunitiesbreaks in employmentthese choicesability to advance","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/C473.pdf","start":0,"end":13},{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebalancesmb.com\/how-opportunity-gaps-are-holding-business-women-back-4580037","start":13,"end":39},{"href":"http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2013\/12\/11\/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now\/","start":39,"end":59},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":59,"end":72},{"href":"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/the-opportunity-gap-the-d_b_8479606","start":72,"end":90}],"type":"p"},{"text":"unequal work means unequal paybecause of their own choicemake different job choices","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/there-is-no-wage-gap-feminists-want-equal-pay-for-unequal-work\/","start":0,"end":30},{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-gender-pay-gap-is-overblown-2013-5?r=US&IR=T","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2016\/07\/paygap-discrimination\/492965\/","start":57,"end":83}],"type":"p"},{"text":"more complicatedjob","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/womens-work-and-the-gender-pay-gap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay\/","start":0,"end":16},{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":16,"end":19}],"type":"p"},{"text":"low-paying teaching, nursing, and service jobs","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm","start":0,"end":46}],"type":"p"},{"text":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/all_occupations_twitter.png","type":"img"},{"text":"Source","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/comptroller.nyc.gov\/newsroom\/on-equal-pay-day-comptroller-stringer-releases-first-of-its-kind-analysis-spotlighting-massive-gender-and-racial-wage-gaps-by-occupation-in-new-york-city\/","start":0,"end":6}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Teacherspaid moreNursespaid moreService industryretail workerspaid a living wage","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/bernie-sanders-unveils-plan-to-overhaul-public-education-2019-5?r=US&IR=T","start":0,"end":8},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c4sm4MXxstY","start":8,"end":17},{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthcaredive.com\/news\/nyc-hospitals-agree-to-hire-15k-nurses-raise-wages\/553008\/","start":17,"end":23},{"href":"https:\/\/vtdigger.org\/2018\/07\/06\/sanders-rails-against-inflated-uvm-medical-center-executive-pay\/","start":23,"end":32},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jdO1CEde-jE","start":32,"end":48},{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/15\/bernie-sanders-targets-walmart-calls-for-15-minimum-wage.html","start":48,"end":62},{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xPmVAfaL4Ko","start":62,"end":80}],"type":"p"},{"text":"justice to the issue","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/ruth-milkman-gender-labor-inequality-review","start":0,"end":20}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done to eliminate the gender wage gap?","type":"h3"},{"text":"Bernie findsAdopt Equal Pay for Equal Work","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1113116883488833536","start":0,"end":12},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":12,"end":42}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsorPaycheck Fairness Act of 2019supported Paycheck Fairness Act a vote again in 2014","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/270\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s270\/BILLS-116s270is.pdf","start":9,"end":38},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/statement-on-fair-pay-act","start":38,"end":47},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-112s3220pcs\/pdf\/BILLS-112s3220pcs.pdf","start":47,"end":68},{"href":"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/04\/09\/paycheck-fairness-act_n_5118254.html","start":69,"end":89}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsor Equality ActcosponsorFAMILY Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/788\/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22equal+rights+amendment+senate%22%5D%7D&r=4&s=4","start":0,"end":9},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s788\/BILLS-116s788is.pdf","start":9,"end":21},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-bill\/463\/cosponsors","start":22,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/116\/bills\/s463\/BILLS-116s463is.pdf","start":31,"end":41}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsored read:","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/107th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\/40\/cosponsors","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"http:\/\/thomas.loc.gov\/cgi-bin\/bdquery\/z?d107:HJ00040:","start":11,"end":16}],"type":"p"},{"text":"ERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":0,"end":3}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Economic Agenda for Americavoted in favorLilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009which aims","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/sanders-details-economic-agenda-for-america","start":0,"end":27},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/votes\/111-2009\/s14","start":27,"end":41},{"href":"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-111s181enr\/pdf\/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf","start":41,"end":77},{"href":"http:\/\/www.nwlc.org\/resource\/lilly-ledbetter-fair-pay-act-0","start":77,"end":87}],"type":"p"},{"text":"reportpolicies that would helpfought for working familiescontinues to do so","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":0,"end":6},{"href":"http:\/\/iwpr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/C474_IWPR-Still-a-Mans-Labor-Market-update-2018-1.pdf","start":6,"end":30},{"href":"http:\/\/ontheissues.org\/2020\/Bernie_Sanders_Families_+_Children.htm","start":30,"end":57},{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-working-families\/","start":57,"end":75}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Working PeopleEqual PayMinimum Wage","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-working-people\/","start":0,"end":14},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-equal-pay\/","start":15,"end":24},{"href":"https:\/\/feelthebern.org\/bernie-sanders-on-minimum-wage\/","start":24,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Sexual and Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment","type":"h2"},{"text":"report from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)According to the CDC","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":0,"end":48},{"href":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf","start":48,"end":68}],"type":"p"},{"text":"much more has to be done","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":24}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie done and said to address this issue?","type":"h3"},{"text":"votedViolence Against Women Act$1.6 billionOffice on Violence Against Womendropped more than 50 percent","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/evs\/1994\/roll416.xml","start":0,"end":5},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":5,"end":31},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/103rd-congress\/house-bill\/3355","start":31,"end":43},{"href":"http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/ovw","start":43,"end":75},{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":75,"end":103}],"type":"p"},{"text":"called forViolence Against Women Act","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BernieSanders\/status\/1119354987362996224","start":0,"end":10},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/house-bill\/1585\/text","start":10,"end":36}],"type":"p"},{"text":"cosponsoredto protect LGBT victims","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/113\/s47","start":0,"end":11},{"href":"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/02\/28\/us-violence-against-women-act-renewed","start":11,"end":34}],"type":"p"},{"text":"said","links":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sanders.senate.gov\/newsroom\/recent-business\/senate-passes-domestic-violence-bill","start":0,"end":4}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What about men? They suffer from abuse, too!","type":"h3"},{"text":"What is Bernie’s campaign doing about these issues?","type":"h3"},{"text":"strongest protocols to prevent workplace harassment","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Campaign-Equity-Blueprint.pdf","start":0,"end":51}],"type":"p"},{"text":"Equal Rights Amendment","type":"h2"},{"text":"only ratified in 35 states","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.equalrightsamendment.org\/era-ratification-map","start":0,"end":26}],"type":"p"},{"text":"What has Bernie said about the Equal Rights Amendment?","type":"h3"},{"text":"part of his 2020 platformcosponsorERA","links":[{"href":"https:\/\/berniesanders.com\/issues\/fight-for-womens-rights\/","start":0,"end":25},{"href":"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/senate-joint-resolution\/15\/cosponsors","start":25,"end":34},{"href":"https:\/\/www.feinstein.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/7\/d\/7d27daf3-ae3d-40fa-8bd3-576f750d4bca\/CEAC27A088037875850DB40F7231266D.era.pdf","start":34,"end":37}],"type":"p"}]}]}